Fish habitat building structure and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, in particular to a fish habitat building structure and method.The building structure comprises a base and four side face combination plates arranged on the base, and each side face combination plate comprises a trapezoidal plate and a rectangular plate formed by integrally bending the top of the trapezoidal plate; a hollow rectangular pyramid structure is defined by the base and the four trapezoidal plates, and the four rectangular plates are of a hollow quadrangular prism structure. A top cover is connected to the top of the quadrangular structure through a bolt, and a lifting hook is arranged in the center of the top surface of the top cover; and a plurality of fish inlet slots are formed in the trapezoidal plate. The construction method comprises the following steps: S1, site selection of a construction structure placement area; s2, erecting a crane; and S3, the construction structure is placed. The construction structure provided by the invention is simple to use, and the construction structure only needs to be integrally hoisted and put into a natural shallow pool and a shallow pool of the downstream river reach of the dam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, and in particular to a structure and method for constructing a fish habitat. Background Art

[0002] Human activities such as channelization, dredging, damming and land use change cause habitat changes, which often lead to changes and degradation of river conditions, habitat fragmentation and degradation of aquatic biodiversity.

[0003] Human-caused habitat changes, coupled with changes in river temperature and flow conditions, may lead to a continued decline in aquatic biota. Many studies have evaluated water temperature and hydraulic changes caused by human activities, and have constructed a variety of physical habitat models with the purpose of restoring fish habitats and simulating natural environments for fish. Specifically, they include sunken thick and thin branches, abandoned bush piles or other types of structures. However, these structures often deteriorate or are eventually moved from their original locations due to water flow or water movement. In existing theoretical studies, many researchers have studied how the hydrological conditions on the dam after the construction of existing high dams and large reservoirs affect the life activities of fish. For example, Li Yuanshun et al. found that after the construction of Wudongde for water storage, the aquatic habitat in the reservoir area changed from a torrent state to a static or slow flow state, causing changes in the ecological environment of the existing spawning grounds.

[0004] At present, in the prior art, there are relevant patent applications for fish habitat structures, such as the patent with announcement number CN220908279U, which discloses a fish habitat protection habitat micro-topography reshaping system, which provides fish habitat protection habitat micro-topography reshaping system with the advantages of rich fish habitat types and diverse terrains. Another example is the ecological plastic steel sheet piles that provide habitats for fish disclosed in the patent with announcement number CN219410716U, which to a certain extent protect and improve the ecological environment on both sides of the sheet piles, and can provide fish with a place to reproduce, grow, forage, avoid enemies and lay eggs.

[0005] However, under the development trend of multi-energy complementary pattern of hydropower stations, the water level fluctuation of cascade power stations upstream and downstream is large, which has a great impact on the spawning and habitat of fish. The fish habitat structure in the above-mentioned existing patents mostly creates a suitable habitat for fish by terrain transformation or slope restoration. The transformation project is large and the structure is complex, which is not conducive to the rapid creation of fish habitats. Summary of the invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a structure and method for constructing a fish habitat, aiming to solve the above technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, on the one hand, the present invention proposes a structure for constructing a fish habitat, the construction structure comprising a base and four side assembly panels arranged on the base, each side assembly panel comprising a trapezoidal panel and a rectangular panel formed by integrally bending the top of the trapezoidal panel; the base and the four trapezoidal panels together form a hollow quadrangular pyramid structure, and the four rectangular panels form a hollow quadrangular column structure; a top cover connected by bolts is arranged on the top of the quadrangular column structure, and a lifting hook is arranged at the center of the top surface of the top cover; a plurality of narrow fish entry slots are arranged on the trapezoidal panel.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of snap holes are respectively arranged at the edge positions on both sides of the side assembly plate; and snap plates are commonly inserted into the snap holes at the positions corresponding to two adjacent side assembly plates.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of fish guide tube sockets are provided on the trapezoidal plate; a fish guide tube is commonly inserted into the fish guide tube sockets at corresponding positions on two opposite trapezoidal plates; the fish guide tube is a hollow tube structure and forms a fish passage; a plurality of fish entry and exit holes are provided on the tube wall of the fish guide tube; and both ends of the fish guide tube are set as fish entry and exit.

[0010] Preferably, both inner and outer surfaces of the fish guide tube have a rough texture structure.

[0011] Preferably, an interference fit is formed between the fish guide tube and the trapezoidal plate.

[0012] Preferably, piers are respectively provided at the four corners of the bottom surface of the base; a plurality of support blocks are respectively provided at each edge position of the bottom surface of the base; the support blocks and the piers, as well as the intervals between two adjacent support blocks form fish inlet grooves; a plurality of base fish inlets are provided on the base for connecting the bottom space of the base with the inner cavity of the four-sided pyramid structure.

[0013] Preferably, the height of the pier is greater than the height of the support block, and the bottom end of the pier is configured as a pointed structure.

[0014] Preferably, a circular oviposition groove is provided at the center of the top surface of the base, the circular oviposition groove is a hollow structure with an open upper end, and an oviposition matrix is ​​provided in the inner cavity of the circular oviposition groove.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of annular bodies are arranged inside the circular spawning trough, and the heights of the annular bodies decrease from the outside to the inside, and the top surfaces of the annular bodies form a stepped spawning trough side wall platform.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for constructing a fish habitat, using the above-mentioned construction structure, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. Site selection for the construction structure placement area: select a natural shallow or deep pool near the bank and below the minimum water level in the downstream section of the dam as the construction structure placement area;

[0018] S2, erecting a crane: erecting a crane on the shore of the placement area selected in step S1;

[0019] S3. Placing the construction structure: using the crane set up in step S2, the construction structure is hoisted and placed in the placement area selected in step S1.

[0020] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] (1) By adopting the construction structure provided by the present invention, when in use, the entire construction structure is placed in a natural shallow pool or pond near the bank of the river section downstream of the dam. Fish can enter the inner cavity of the construction structure through the multiple fish entry slots on the trapezoidal plate to live and lay eggs. The construction structure provided by the present invention is simple to use and only needs to be hoisted as a whole and placed in a natural shallow pool or pond in the river section downstream of the dam.

[0022] (2) In the present invention, an interference fit is formed between the fish guide tube and the trapezoidal plate. The fish guide tube is inserted in a manner that prevents it from sliding at the insertion port. The fish guide tube is inserted on two opposite trapezoidal plates. When viewed from above, it can be seen that the fish guide tube is arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions, which can make the entire construction structure more stable and effectively resist the impact of river water.

[0023] (3) In the present invention, since the fish guide tube has a textured surface, the rough texture promotes the growth of algae and phytoplankton, which helps to attract fish and can serve as a food source for fish and other organisms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the construction structure provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A cutaway view of the construction structure provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side combined plate in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the base in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fish guide tube in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the snap plate in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of placing the construction structure on the riverbed in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of hoisting the construction structure in the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 301, lifting hook; 302, fish guide tube; 3021, fish inlet and outlet; 3022, fish inlet and outlet hole; 303, fish guide tube socket; 304, fish inlet slot; 305, snap hole; 306, base; 3061, fish inlet trough; 3062, pier; 3063, fish inlet of base; 3064, support block; 307, side assembly plate; 307a, rectangular plate; 307b, trapezoidal plate; 308, top cover; 4, circular spawning trough; 401, spawning trough side wall platform; 503, snap plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0036] Combination Figures 1 to 7As shown, on the one hand, this embodiment provides a fish habitat construction structure, which includes a base 306 and four side assembly plates 307 arranged on the base 306, each side assembly plate 307 includes a trapezoidal plate 307b and a rectangular plate 307a formed by integral bending at the top of the trapezoidal plate 307b; the base 306 and the four trapezoidal plates 307b together form a hollow quadrangular pyramid structure, and the four rectangular plates 307a form a hollow quadrangular column structure; a top cover 308 connected by bolts is arranged on the top of the quadrangular column structure, and a lifting hook 301 is arranged at the center of the top surface of the top cover 308; a plurality of fish entry slots 304 are arranged on the trapezoidal plate 307b. Further, a plurality of snap holes 305 are respectively arranged at the edge positions on both sides of the side assembly plate 307; snap plates 503 are commonly inserted into the snap holes 305 at the corresponding positions of two adjacent side assembly plates 307.

[0037] By adopting the above structure, when in use, the entire construction structure is placed in a natural shallow pool or pond near the bank in the downstream section of the dam. Fish can enter the inner cavity of the construction structure through the multiple fish inlet slots 304 on the trapezoidal plate 307b to live and lay eggs. In addition, the side assembly panels 307 on the entire construction structure are snap-connected by the snap-on plate 503 to form a detachable structure. Therefore, the side assembly panels 307 can be prefabricated using the structure of prefabricated panels, and the four side assembly panels 307 can be assembled together on the base 306 after the assembly is completed. Furthermore, the side assembly panels 307 and the base 306 are also snap-connected to form a detachable connection structure.

[0038] In this embodiment, the width-to-height ratio of the fish inlet slot 304 needs to be set according to the results of the survey of different fish resources in the river section, so that the fish can enter the interior of the construction structure through the fish inlet slot 304.

[0039] A plurality of fish guide tube sockets 303 are provided on the trapezoidal plate 307b; a fish guide tube 302 is inserted into the fish guide tube sockets 303 at corresponding positions on the two opposite trapezoidal plates 307b; the fish guide tube 302 is a hollow tube structure and forms a fish passage; a plurality of fish inlet and outlet holes 3022 are provided on the tube wall of the fish guide tube 302; and both ends of the fish guide tube 302 are provided as fish inlet and outlet holes 3021. By providing the fish guide tube 302, fish can enter the interior of the fish guide tube 302 from the fish inlet and outlet holes 3021 at both ends, and then swim out from the fish inlet and outlet holes 3022 on the tube wall to enter the interior of the construction structure, and vice versa. Therefore, the fish guide tube 302 is provided to facilitate fish to enter and exit the construction structure through the fish guide tube 302.

[0040] The inner and outer surfaces of the fish guide tube 302 are both rough textured. The rough texture promotes the growth of algae and phytoplankton, which helps to attract fish and can serve as a food source for fish and other organisms.

[0041] In this embodiment, the number of fish guide tubes 302 used in the entire construction structure can be set according to the abundance of floating bait in the river section. That is, if there are fewer floating fish baits in the water body, more fish guide tubes can be set so that the fish baits can adhere to the fish guide tubes on the textured surface.

[0042] In this embodiment, an interference fit is formed between the fish guide tube 302 and the trapezoidal plate 307b, so that the fish guide tube 302 is not easy to slide at the socket, and the fish guide tube 302 is inserted into two opposite trapezoidal plates. It can be seen from the top view that the fish guide tube 302 is staggered in both vertical and horizontal directions, which can make the entire construction structure more stable and can effectively resist the impact of river water.

[0043] In this embodiment, the base 306 and the fish guide tube 302 can be made of a blister-resistant polymer material, the types of which include but are not limited to high-density polyethylene, nylon, acrylic acid, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polypropylene and polyethylene.

[0044] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 7 As shown, piers 3062 are respectively arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the base 306; a plurality of supporting blocks 3064 are respectively arranged at each edge position of the bottom surface of the base 306; the supporting blocks 3064 and the piers 3062, as well as the interval between two adjacent supporting blocks 3064, form a fish inlet 3061; a plurality of base fish inlets 3063 are arranged on the base 306, which are used to connect the bottom space of the base 306 with the inner cavity of the tetrahedral pyramid structure. By arranging the piers 3062 and the plurality of supporting blocks 3064, the bottom of the base 306 forms a hollow structure, and fish can enter the bottom space of the base 306 from the fish inlet 3061, and then enter the inner cavity of the structure through the base fish inlet 3063.

[0045] Furthermore, the height of the buttress 3062 is greater than the height of the support block 3064. The bottom end of the buttress 3062 is configured as a pointed structure so that when the construction structure sinks, it can be better inserted into the riverbed for easy fixation.

[0046] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 4As shown, in order to facilitate fish to complete other physiological behaviors such as spawning in the structure, a circular spawning groove 4 is provided at the center of the top surface of the base 306. The circular spawning groove 4 is a hollow structure with an open top, and a spawning matrix is ​​provided in the inner cavity of the circular spawning groove 4. The spawning matrix includes gravel, block stone, sheet stone, pebble, crushed stone and sand, which is convenient for spawning fish of different bottom types to inhabit.

[0047] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the rest of young fish of different body lengths in the spawning circular trough 4 after hatching, a plurality of annular bodies are arranged inside the spawning circular trough 4. The height of the annular bodies decreases from the outside to the inside, and the top surface of the annular body forms a stepped spawning trough side wall platform 401, which can help young fish with weaker swimming ability to resist the erosion of water flow at different flow rates when resting.

[0048] Combination Figure 8 As shown, on the other hand, this embodiment also provides a method for creating a fish habitat, using the above-mentioned construction structure, including the following steps:

[0049] S1. Site selection for the construction structure placement area: select a natural shallow or deep pool near the bank and below the minimum water level in the downstream section of the dam as the construction structure placement area;

[0050] S2, erecting a crane: erecting a crane on the shore of the placement area selected in step S1;

[0051] S3. Placing the construction structure: using the crane set up in step S2, the construction structure is hoisted and placed in the placement area selected in step S1.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structure for constructing a fish habitat, characterized in that: The construction structure comprises a base (306) and four side assembly plates (307) arranged on the base (306), each side assembly plate (307) comprising a trapezoidal plate (307b) and a rectangular plate (307a) formed by integrally bending the top of the trapezoidal plate (307b); The base (306) and the four trapezoidal plates (307b) together form a hollow quadrangular pyramid structure, and the four rectangular plates (307a) form a hollow quadrangular column structure; a top cover (308) connected by bolts is provided on the top of the quadrangular column structure, and a lifting hook (301) is provided at the center of the top surface of the top cover (308); A plurality of fish inlet slots (304) are provided on the trapezoidal plate (307b).

2. A fish habitat construction structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of snap holes (305) are respectively arranged at the edge positions on both sides of the side assembly plate (307); and snap plates (503) are commonly inserted into the snap holes (305) at corresponding positions of two adjacent side assembly plates (307).

3. The fish habitat construction structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of fish guide tube sockets (303) are arranged on the trapezoidal plate (307b); a fish guide tube (302) is inserted into the fish guide tube sockets (303) at corresponding positions on two opposing trapezoidal plates (307b); the fish guide tube (302) is a hollow tube structure and forms a fish passage; a plurality of fish inlet and outlet holes (3022) are arranged on the tube wall of the fish guide tube (302); and both ends of the fish guide tube (302) are arranged as fish inlets and outlets (3021).

4. A fish habitat construction structure as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The inner and outer surfaces of the fish guide tube (302) are both rough texture structures.

5. The fish habitat construction structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: An interference fit is formed between the fish guide tube (302) and the trapezoidal plate (307b).

6. The fish habitat construction structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Support piers (3062) are respectively arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the base (306); a plurality of support blocks (3064) are respectively arranged at each edge position of the bottom surface of the base (306); the support blocks (3064) and the support piers (3062), as well as the intervals between two adjacent support blocks (3064) form a fish inlet trough (3061); and a plurality of base fish inlets (3063) are arranged on the base (306) for connecting the bottom space of the base (306) with the inner cavity of the four-sided pyramid structure.

7. The fish habitat construction structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height of the pier (3062) is greater than the height of the support block (3064), and the bottom end of the pier (3062) is configured as a pointed structure.

8. The fish habitat construction structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circular egg-laying groove (4) is arranged at the center of the top surface of the base (306); the circular egg-laying groove (4) is a hollow structure with an open upper end, and an egg-laying matrix is ​​arranged in the inner cavity of the circular egg-laying groove (4).

9. The fish habitat construction structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of annular bodies are arranged inside the circular egg-laying groove (4), the height of the annular bodies decreases from the outside to the inside, and the top surfaces of the annular bodies form a stepped egg-laying groove side wall platform (401).

10. A method for creating a fish habitat, characterized in that: The construction structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1. Site selection for the construction structure placement area: select a natural shallow or deep pool near the bank and below the minimum water level in the downstream section of the dam as the construction structure placement area; S2, erecting a crane: erecting a crane on the shore of the placement area selected in step S1; S3. Placing the construction structure: using the crane set up in step S2, the construction structure is hoisted and placed in the placement area selected in step S1.

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