Method for planting and afforestation in arid mountainous area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of planting and afforestation, in particular to a planting and afforestation method for arid mountainous areas. The arid mountainous area planting and afforestation method comprises the following steps: land selection; digging planting holes and water diversion ditches: arranging a plurality of planting groups which are arranged in parallel; each planting group is internally provided with a plurality of planting holes which are connected through water diversion ditches; the planting holes of the adjacent planting groups are arranged in a staggered manner; seedling selection and soaking treatment; base fertilizer and bottom water; performing planting; laying a straw curtain: after planting, immediately laying the straw curtain at the bottom of the planting hole by taking the qualified nursery stock as the center; shading: after the qualified nursery stock is planted, immediately shading the south part of the crown of the qualified nursery stock by using a shading net; topdressing: after contacting with a shading net, applying a urea foliar fertilizer and a monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer in sequence. Therefore, rainwater can be utilized to the greatest extent in the hillside of the arid region, soil moisture is kept for a long time, moisture is provided for robust growth and rooting of the planted seedlings, and survival of the seedlings is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of afforestation, and in particular to a method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of forest resources, natural forests play an irreplaceable role in maintaining water and soil, conserving water sources, preventing desertification, and maintaining biodiversity. With the development of science and technology, many breakthroughs have been made in the technology of raising and propagating tree species in mountainous areas. Afforestation technology, machinery and production tools related to mountain afforestation have also been upgraded with each passing day, which has greatly simplified the operation of mountain afforestation technology, reduced a lot of labor input, and provided technical support for the high-quality implementation of ecological civilization construction.

[0003] However, the above-mentioned afforestation technologies and related machinery and production tools have played a role in improving work efficiency, increasing seedling survival rate, and reducing costs in mountain afforestation projects, especially various land preparation and afforestation technologies, which have provided important technical support for the rapid development of artificial afforestation in the corresponding areas.

[0004] However, in arid areas, the ecological environment is very fragile, with the characteristics of scarce precipitation, dry climate, strong sunshine and evaporation, scarce surface runoff, and scarce water resources, which bring many difficulties to afforestation. Among them, although the hillside areas suitable for afforestation have a certain amount of precipitation, there are disadvantages such as long intervals between two rainfalls, short duration, and few times. How to efficiently use limited rainfall is a difficult problem that needs to be solved in afforestation in mountainous areas of arid regions. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purposes of the present invention include, for example, providing a method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas, which can maximize the use of rainwater on hillsides in arid areas, maintain soil moisture for a long time, and provide moisture for the healthy growth and rooting of planted seedlings. The technology is simple, easy to operate, and has obvious benefits, greatly improving the survival rate of seedlings.

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for afforestation in an arid mountainous area, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Site selection: The planting site should be located in a mountainous area with a vegetation coverage rate of not less than 30.0%, and the planting area should be located on a hillside with a slope of 3° to 30°;

[0009] Digging planting holes and water diversion ditches: 7 to 10 days before planting, a plurality of parallel planting groups are arranged in order from top to bottom according to the contour lines of the hillside; a plurality of planting holes are arranged in each planting group, and adjacent planting holes are connected by water diversion ditches, and the water diversion ditches include a first section and a second section with an included angle; along the slope of the hillside, the planting holes of adjacent planting groups are staggered so that a planting hole of one planting group can be located between two adjacent planting holes of another adjacent planting group;

[0010] Seedling selection and water immersion treatment: on the day of planting, select seedlings with a base diameter greater than 1 cm, free of pests and diseases, and with low root damage as qualified seedlings; soak the roots of the selected qualified seedlings in water for half an hour before planting;

[0011] Base fertilizer and base water: 1 to 3 days before planting, apply 5 to 8 kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each planting hole and cover with 8-12 cm of soil, then irrigate with 50L to 60L of water;

[0012] Planting: Plant the treated qualified seedlings into the planting holes, with half of the root length of the qualified seedlings located in the pit soil; then fertilize the qualified seedlings with N: 100g / plant, P: 60g / plant, K: 20g / plant; then bury the planting holes so that the burying depth does not exceed the root neck of the qualified seedlings, and the depth between the top surface of the burying soil and the lowest point of the planting holes is 20-25cm;

[0013] Laying straw mats: After planting, immediately lay straw mats at the bottom of the planting hole with the qualified seedling as the center, and the size of the straw mats is smaller than the diameter of the planting hole;

[0014] Shading: After the qualified seedlings are planted, the south part of the crown of the qualified seedlings is immediately shaded with a shading net; the qualified seedlings are promptly exposed to the shading net 15 to 20 days after they sprout and have leaves;

[0015] Top dressing: After contact with the shade net, apply 0.5% urea foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days; in the later period, apply 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, in the site selection step, the slope of the selected hillside is 5° to 15°.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, in the site selection step, the mountainous area has at least two rainfalls per month during the growth period of the seedlings, and each rainfall is more than 10 mm.

[0018] In an optional embodiment, in the step of digging planting holes and ditches, the planting holes are circular or elliptical with the major axis in the horizontal direction; the average diameter of the planting holes is not less than 20 cm, and the depth of the planting holes is not less than 50 cm.

[0019] In an optional embodiment, in the step of digging the planting hole and the ditches, a plurality of drill holes are provided at the bottom of the planting hole, the diameter of the drill holes is 2 cm to 3 cm, and the depth of the drill holes is 40-60 cm.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, in the seedling selection and water immersion treatment steps, the roots of the screened qualified seedlings are immersed in a mixed solution before planting. The mixed solution is formed by mixing rooting powder in water at a ratio of 100 mg / kg.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, in the planting step, the processed qualified seedlings are planted into the planting hole using the "three burying, two stepping and one lifting method".

[0022] In an optional embodiment, in the step of laying the straw mat, the shape of the straw mat is the same as the shape of the planting hole, and the size of the straw mat is smaller than the size of the planting hole; the straw mat is arranged concentrically with the planting hole, and the distance between the periphery of the straw mat and the periphery of the planting hole is 2-5 cm.

[0023] In an optional embodiment, in the step of laying the straw mat, an opening is provided on the straw mat, and the opening extends from the periphery of the straw mat to the center of the straw mat; the opening has a first end close to the center of the straw mat, and a second end close to the edge of the straw mat; the trunk of the seedling can be inserted into the opening from the second end until it abuts against the first end, and then the opening is slit.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, in the topdressing step, 0.5% urea foliar fertilizer is applied every 7 to 10 days, and urea foliar fertilizer is applied three times; in the later stage, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is applied every 7 to 10 days, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is applied three times.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention include, for example:

[0026] The arid mountainous area planting and afforestation method of this scheme sets up multiple parallel planting groups when digging planting holes and ditches, and the planting holes of adjacent planting groups are staggered; each planting group is provided with multiple planting holes, and adjacent planting holes are connected by digging ditches with an angle, so that they are fully preheated to promote root growth. Drilling holes on the bottom of the planting holes is conducive to water conservation. After planting, laying straw curtains on the ground of the planting holes is conducive to moisture retention. After the seedlings are planted, the south half of the crown is immediately shaded with a shade net, which can reduce the evaporation of water from the crown and is conducive to the rapid growth of the seedlings. After the shading treatment, timely application of foliar fertilizer to the seedlings is conducive to promoting the rapid growth of the seedlings and promoting the lignification of branches. In summary, this technology is used to maximize the use of rainwater on the hillsides in arid areas, maintain soil moisture for a long time, and provide moisture for the strong growth and rooting of the planted seedlings. The technology is simple, easy to operate, and has obvious benefits, which greatly improves the survival of seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the process of the afforestation method in arid mountainous area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the planting hole and the diversion ditch according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of laying straw mats according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a straw curtain according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a shading process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a shade net according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Icons: 100-planting group; 110-planting hole; 120-water diversion ditch; 121-first section; 122-second section; 200-straw curtain; 210-opening; 211-first end; 212-second end; 10-qualified seedlings; 11-main trunk; 20-shade net. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0036] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. appear to indicate an orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0039] In addition, the terms “first”, “second”, etc., if used, are merely used to distinguish between the descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other.

[0041] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas, comprising the following steps:

[0042] Site selection: The planting site should be located in a mountainous area with a vegetation coverage rate of not less than 30.0%, and the planting area should be located on a hillside with a slope of 3° to 30°;

[0043] Digging planting holes 110 and diversion ditches 120: Figure 2As shown, 7 to 10 days before planting, a plurality of parallel planting groups 100 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom according to the contour lines of the hillside; a plurality of planting holes 110 are arranged in each planting group 100, and adjacent planting holes 110 are connected by a water diversion ditch 120, and the water diversion ditch 120 includes a first section 121 and a second section 122 with an included angle; along the slope of the hillside, the planting holes 110 of adjacent planting groups 100 are staggered so that a planting hole 110 of one planting group 100 can be located between two planting holes 110 adjacent to the planting hole 110 in another adjacent planting group 100;

[0044] Seedling selection and water immersion treatment: On the day of planting, select seedlings with a base diameter greater than 1 cm, no pests and diseases, and low root damage as qualified seedlings 10; soak the roots of the selected qualified seedlings 10 in water for half an hour before planting;

[0045] Base fertilizer and base water: 1 to 3 days before planting, apply 5 to 8 kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each planting hole 110 and cover with 8-12 cm (preferably 10 cm) of soil, and then irrigate with 50L to 60L of water;

[0046] Planting: Plant the processed qualified seedlings 10 into the planting holes 110, and half of the root length of the qualified seedlings 10 is located in the pit soil; then fertilize the qualified seedlings 10 with the standard of N: 100g / plant, P: 60g / plant, K: 20g / plant; then bury the planting holes 110 so that the burying depth does not exceed the root neck of the qualified seedlings 10, and the depth between the top surface of the burying soil and the lowest point of the planting holes 110 is 20-25cm;

[0047] Laying straw mats: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, after planting, a straw curtain 200 is immediately laid at the bottom of the planting hole 110 with the qualified seedling 10 as the center, and the size of the straw curtain 200 is smaller than the diameter of the planting hole 110;

[0048] Shade: Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, after the qualified seedlings 10 are planted, the shade net 20 is immediately used to shade the part of the crown of the qualified seedlings 10 located on the south side; after the qualified seedlings 10 sprout and have leaves 15 to 20 days, they are promptly exposed to the shade net 20;

[0049] Top dressing: After contact with the shade net for 20 minutes, apply 0.5% urea foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days; in the later period, apply 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days.

[0050] The arid mountainous area planting and afforestation method of this scheme sets a plurality of parallel planting groups 100 when digging planting holes 110 and diversion ditches 120, and the planting holes 110 of adjacent planting groups 100 are staggered; each planting group 100 is provided with a plurality of planting holes 110, and adjacent planting holes 110 are connected by digging ditches with an angle, so that sufficient preheating promotes root growth. Drilling holes on the bottom surface of the planting holes 110 is conducive to conserving water. After planting, laying straw mats 200 on the ground of the planting holes 110 is conducive to moisture retention. After the seedlings are planted, immediately shade the south half of the crown with a shade net 20, which can reduce the evaporation of water from the crown and is conducive to the rapid growth of the seedlings. After the shading treatment, timely application of foliar fertilizer to the seedlings is conducive to promoting the rapid growth of the seedlings and promoting the lignification of the branches. In summary, this technology can be used to maximize the use of rainwater on hillsides in arid areas, maintain soil moisture for a long time, and provide moisture for the healthy growth and rooting of planted seedlings. The technology is simple, easy to operate, and has obvious benefits, greatly improving the survival rate of seedlings.

[0051] In an optional embodiment, in the site selection step, the slope of the selected hillside is 5° to 15°. Preferably, the vegetation coverage rate is greater than 60%. Preferably, the selected mountainous area has at least two rainfalls per month during the growth period of the seedlings, and each rainfall is more than 10 mm. This can further ensure the water supply of the seedlings to improve the survival rate of the seedlings. It should be noted that the growth period of the seedlings is from May to September each year.

[0052] See also Figure 2 In an optional embodiment, in the step of digging the planting holes 110 and the diversion ditches 120, the planting holes 110 and the diversion ditches 120 are dug from top to bottom and from right to left (or from left to right) along the hillside according to the contour lines. Digging ditches in advance is conducive to fully preheating the planting holes 110 to promote root growth. Optionally, in this embodiment, each planting group 100 is arranged along the horizontal direction of the contour lines, adjacent planting groups 100 remain parallel, and the planting holes 110 of adjacent planting groups 100 are staggered. Optionally, the first section 121 and the second section 122 of the diversion ditch 120 are both straight grooves.

[0053] Furthermore, the shape of the planting hole 110 is circular or an ellipse with the major axis in the horizontal direction; the average diameter of the planting hole 110 is not less than 20 cm, and the depth of the planting hole 110 is not less than 50 cm.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, in the step of digging the planting hole 110 and the diversion ditch 120, a plurality of holes are provided at the bottom of the planting hole 110, the diameter of the holes is 2 cm to 3 cm, and the depth of the holes is 40-60 cm. Optionally, 13 holes are drilled at the bottom of the planting hole 110 with a drill bit of 2 cm to 3 cm in diameter, and the depth of each hole is 50 cm.

[0055] In an optional embodiment, in the seedling selection and water immersion treatment step, the roots of the screened qualified seedlings 10 are immersed in a mixed solution before planting, wherein the mixed solution is formed by mixing rooting powder in water at a ratio of 100 mg / kg. Optionally, mountain afforestation seedlings such as pine and spruce species are selected as the seedlings to be planted.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, in the planting step, the treated qualified seedlings 10 are planted in the planting hole 110 using the "three burying, two stepping and one lifting method", and then fertilizer is spread with the standard of N (nitrogen fertilizer): 100g / plant, P: 60g / plant, K: 20g / plant, and the fertilizer is spread evenly.

[0057] In an optional embodiment, in the step of laying the straw mat, the shape of the straw mat 200 is the same as the shape of the planting hole 110, and the size of the straw mat 200 is smaller than the size of the planting hole 110; the straw mat 200 is arranged concentrically with the planting hole 110, and the spacing between the periphery of the straw mat 200 and the periphery of the planting hole 110 is 2-5 cm, preferably 3 cm.

[0058] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 As can be seen from the figure, in an optional embodiment, in the step of laying the straw curtain, an opening 210 is opened on the straw curtain 200, and the opening 210 extends from the periphery of the straw curtain 200 to the center of the straw curtain 200; the opening 210 has a first end 211 close to the center of the straw curtain 200, and a second end 212 close to the edge of the straw curtain 200; the trunk 11 of the seedling can be inserted into the opening 210 from the second end 212 until it abuts against the first end 211, and then the opening 210 is tied.

[0059] Optionally, after planting, a straw mat 200 with a length and width less than 3 cm of the planting hole 110 is immediately laid on the ground with the seedling as the center, which is conducive to moisture retention. An opening 210 on one side of the straw mat extends all the way to the center. After the straw mat is inserted into the seedling trunk 11, the opening 210 is timely tied to ensure the continuity and stability of the moisturizing effect.

[0060] See also Figure 5 ( Figure 5 The straw curtain 200 is hidden in the Figure 6 In the shading step, after the seedlings are planted, the south half of the crown is shaded with the shade net 20 immediately, so as to reduce the evaporation of water from the crown, which is conducive to rapid growth; the seedlings are promptly contacted with the shade net 20 15 to 20 days after sprouting and leafing, and it is generally better to choose a cloudy or sunny day after 5 pm local time.

[0061] In an optional embodiment, in the topdressing step, 0.5% urea foliar fertilizer is applied every 7 to 10 days, and urea foliar fertilizer is applied three times to promote rapid growth; in the later stage, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is applied every 7 to 10 days, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is applied three times to promote branch lignification.

[0062] In summary, the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas, which has at least the following advantages:

[0063] The arid mountain area afforestation method of this plan is suitable for afforestation on hillsides in arid areas and a planting technology that improves the survival rate of seedlings. This technology is used to maximize the use of rainwater on hillsides in arid areas, maintain soil moisture for a long time, and provide moisture for the healthy growth and rooting of planted seedlings. The technology is simple, easy to operate, and has obvious benefits, which greatly improves the survival rate of seedlings.

[0064] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Site selection: The planting site should be located in a mountainous area with a vegetation coverage rate of not less than 30.0%, and the planting area should be located on a hillside with a slope of 3° to 30°; Digging planting holes and water diversion ditches: 7 to 10 days before planting, a plurality of parallel planting groups are arranged in order from top to bottom according to the contour lines of the hillside; each planting group is provided with a plurality of planting holes, and adjacent planting holes are connected by water diversion ditches, and the water diversion ditches include a first section and a second section with an angle; Along the slope of the hillside, the planting holes of adjacent planting groups are staggered so that the planting hole of one planting group can be located between two adjacent planting holes of another adjacent planting group; Seedling selection and water immersion treatment: on the day of planting, select seedlings with a base diameter greater than 1 cm, no pests and diseases, and little root damage as qualified seedlings; soak the roots of the selected qualified seedlings in water for half an hour before planting; Base fertilizer and base water: 1 to 3 days before planting, apply 5 to 8 kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each planting hole and cover with 8-12 cm of soil, then irrigate with 50L to 60L of water; Planting: Plant the treated qualified seedlings into the planting holes, with half of the root length of the qualified seedlings located in the pit soil; then fertilize the qualified seedlings with N: 100g / plant, P: 60g / plant, K: 20g / plant; then bury the planting holes so that the burying depth does not exceed the root neck of the qualified seedlings, and the depth between the top surface of the burying soil and the lowest point of the planting holes is 20-25cm; Laying straw mats: After planting, immediately lay straw mats at the bottom of the planting hole with the qualified seedling as the center, and the size of the straw mats is smaller than the diameter of the planting hole; Shading: After the qualified seedlings are planted, the south part of the crown of the qualified seedlings is immediately shaded with a shading net; the qualified seedlings are promptly exposed to the shading net 15 to 20 days after they sprout and have leaves; Top dressing: After contact with the shade net, apply 0.5% urea foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days; in the later period, apply 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days.

2. The method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the site selection step, the slope of the selected hillside is 5° to 15°.

3. The method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the site selection step, the mountainous area has at least two rainfalls per month during the growth period of the seedlings, and each rainfall is greater than 10 mm.

4. The method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the steps of digging planting holes and ditches, the planting holes are circular or elliptical with the major axis in the horizontal direction; the average diameter of the planting holes is not less than 20 cm, and the depth of the planting holes is not less than 50 cm.

5. The method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of digging the planting hole and the ditches, a plurality of boreholes are arranged at the bottom of the planting hole, the diameter of the boreholes is 2 cm to 3 cm, and the depth of the boreholes is 40-60 cm.

6. The method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the seedling selection and water immersion treatment steps, the roots of the screened qualified seedlings are immersed in a mixed solution before planting. The mixed solution is formed by mixing rooting powder in water at a ratio of 100 mg / kg.

7. The method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the planting step, the processed qualified seedlings are planted into the planting holes using the "three burying, two stepping and one lifting method".

8. The method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of laying the straw mat, the shape of the straw mat is the same as that of the planting hole, and the size of the straw mat is smaller than that of the planting hole; the straw mat and the planting hole are arranged concentrically, and the distance between the periphery of the straw mat and the periphery of the planting hole is 2-5 cm.

9. The method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of laying the straw mat, an opening is provided on the straw mat, and the opening extends from the periphery of the straw mat to the center of the straw mat; the opening has a first end close to the center of the straw mat, and a second end close to the edge of the straw mat; the trunk of the seedling can be inserted into the opening from the second end until it abuts against the first end, and then the opening is slit.

10. The method for afforestation in arid mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the topdressing step, apply 0.5% urea foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days, and apply urea foliar fertilizer three times; in the later stage, apply 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days, and apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer three times.

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