Casting machine and casting method

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a casting machine for pouring a melt into a casting mould, in which at least one casting mould (21) is accommodated on a support (24) of the casting machine (20), said casting mould being moved by a pivoting device (25) of the casting machine during the injection of the melt into the casting mould and inclined about a first axis (26), during the filling, the casting mould is inclined about a second axis (27) by means of the pivoting device, wherein the first axis is designed to extend transversely with respect to the second axis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a casting machine and a method for pouring a melt into a casting mold, wherein at least one casting mold is accommodated on a support of the casting machine, wherein the casting mold is moved and tilted about a first axis by a pivot device of the casting machine when the melt is filled into the casting mold. Background Art

[0002] Such casting machines and methods are well known in the prior art, wherein during casting, liquid metal is always filled into the casting mold until the casting mold or the cavity of the casting mold is completely filled. After the melt solidifies, the subsequently formed component can be formed or removed from the mold. The casting mold can be a permanent mold or a disposable mold, such as a permanent mold or a sand mold. It is important that when the melt is filled into the casting mold (which can be done by a crucible), the casting mold moves or tilts around an axis. For this purpose, the casting mold is arranged on a movable support of the casting machine. The support of the casting machine is designed so that the casting mold can be moved or tilted around an axis by a pivoting device. By tilting the casting mold when pouring the melt, depending on the shape of the cavity in the casting mold, the casting mold can be completely filled with metal without forming defects such as cavitation, cold flow, etc. in the casting mold. It is also advantageous if the melt poured into the casting mold fills the cavity uniformly and is not randomly distributed in the cavity. This also ensures a controlled filling process of the melt. Overall, high-quality cast metal products can be obtained with almost no waste.

[0003] However, as has been shown, errors still occur frequently with complex product shapes. In addition, the porosity and oxide contamination of the cast product may be relatively high, which should be avoided. Since the molds are regularly arranged on the support of the casting machine so that the gates of the molds are positioned in the radial direction relative to the axis when filling, the design of the product is always limited to one position of the mold. Special care must then be taken to ensure that the complex shapes of the product do not get close to the gates. Summary of the invention

[0004] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for pouring a melt into a casting mold and a casting machine which are capable of casting high-quality products.

[0005] This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a casting machine having the features of claim 13 .

[0006] In the method according to the invention for pouring a melt into a casting mold, at least one casting mold is accommodated on a support of a casting machine, wherein the casting mold is moved and tilted about a first axis by a pivot device of the casting machine when the melt is injected into the casting mold, wherein the casting mold is tilted about a second axis by the pivot device during filling, wherein the first axis is designed to extend transversely relative to the second axis.

[0007] Therefore, in the method according to the present invention, during the pouring of the melt, the mold is tilted or rotated around the first axis and the second axis. The two axes are thus designed or arranged to extend laterally relative to each other, so the mold can move in two planes, thereby causing movement in three dimensions during the filling of the melt. This can adapt the movement of the mold to the cavity formed in the mold individually during the filling of the melt. Even products with complex geometries can be cast with high quality. When the melt is poured into the mold, the melt can be guided to the desired flow direction by moving the mold, which flow direction can change according to the shape of the product during the casting process or filling, and can be adapted to the shape of the product. The melt channel formed in the mold can also be considered here. The casting process can be designed here so that the mold cavity of the mold is filled smoothly and completely, thereby avoiding cavitation, cold flow and product contamination by oxides. In addition, the arrangement of the cavity in the mold is no longer necessarily limited to the optimal position of the gate on the mold. Since the mold can move with two degrees of freedom, the arrangement of the cavity is more flexible. Depending on the shape of the product to be cast, the dimensions of the casting mold can be made smaller, since the arrangement of the cavities in the casting mold can be selected in the most space-saving way possible. In principle, the method can be used for any type of casting mold. For example, the casting mold can be designed as a permanent mold or a disposable mold. The casting mold is preferably a permanent mold or a sand mold. The casting mold can be designed in two or more parts.

[0008] When the mold is tilted about the first axis and the second axis, the crucible filled with the melt can be stationary relative to the mold, or the crucible can be tilted about another axis. The crucible is also understood to refer to an injection unit. In order to fill the melt into the mold, the crucible filled with the melt or liquid metal can be positioned at the gate in the mold. In a first embodiment of the method, it can be provided that the crucible is firmly fixed relative to the mold, or the crucible is moved with the movement of the mold in a manner that does not cause relative movement. Due to the movement of the mold, the crucible moves therewith, so that the melt can be poured into the gate through this movement. According to another embodiment, the crucible can be tilted about another axis. This means that during the movement of the mold when pouring the melt into the gate, the crucible can move relative to the mold, so that more or less melt can be poured into the gate compared to a stationary crucible. The melt flow or melt volume flow can be adjusted, for example, according to the shape of the cavity. The casting process can better adapt to the shape of the product.

[0009] The tilting about the axis can be controlled using a control device on the casting machine. The control device may include a device for data processing, such as a computer or a programmable logic controller, or be formed by a device for data processing. As part of the casting process, the control device can then control, for example, a motor, an actuator or other actuator so that the casting mold tilts or pivots about the first axis and the second axis. The time course of the control can be stored separately in the control device of the casting mold.

[0010] During the filling period, the respective tilting about the first axis and about the second axis can take place in a common time period and / or respectively in different time periods. The axes can be moved simultaneously or not simultaneously using the control device. The control device can move the axes completely independently of each other, so that during the casting process, for example, initially only the first axis is moved, then subsequently the first axis and the second axis are moved, and then only the second axis is moved. In principle, any movement of the individual axes is possible during the filling period, i.e. during the casting process.

[0011] Using the sensor device of the casting machine, the absolute position, rotation angle and / or rotation speed of each axis can be determined. The pivot device can have a sensor device, and the sensor device can be designed as a rotary encoder or other suitable sensor on the corresponding axis, for example. These sensors can then determine the actual position of the corresponding axis or the tilt angle of the mold independently of the drive of the pivot device for tilting the mold. During the movement of the mold, the rotation speed of the axis can also be detected by the sensor device. Then, the control device can also be set so that the control device outputs the corresponding recorded value. This can be done by data transmission, digital representation, graphical representation, etc. The operator of the casting machine can then directly monitor the casting process. In addition, the recorded data can also be saved or recorded by the control device.

[0012] During filling, the regulating device of the control device can regulate the respective inclination about the first axis and the second axis as a reference variable, depending on the absolute position, the angle of rotation or the speed of rotation. The regulating device can be designed in the control device as a regulating system for regulating the drive of the pivoting device, so that the casting mold is tilted about the first axis and the second axis in a desired manner during the casting process. Preferably, it can be provided that the regulation is based on the angle of rotation of the respective axis to be achieved at the end of a time section of the casting process. The regulating device can independently regulate the movement of the first axis and the second axis of the casting mold.

[0013] By means of the sensor device, when the melt is poured into the gate of the casting mold, the liquid level of the melt in the gate and / or the runner of the casting mold can be detected, wherein the regulating device can adjust the absolute position, the rotation angle or the rotation speed according to the liquid level as a higher-level reference variable. The sensor can be arranged on the crucible, the casting mold, the support or other positions. Thus, the sensor device can be used to determine when the liquid level or height of the melt in the casting mold cavity reaches the gate or runner. The sensor device can have at least one sensor for this purpose, in particular an image sensor, an infrared sensor, a temperature sensor, an inductive sensor, a capacitive sensor, a near-field sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a radar sensor, a magnetic sensor. Therefore, the sensor device can be used to determine when there is a risk of melt overflowing from the casting mold. The casting process can now be adjusted to prevent melt overflow. If the melt is detected at the gate and / or the runner of the casting mold, the casting process can be corrected accordingly, for example by tilting the casting mold around an axis and / or metering the volume flow of the melt filled into the casting mold. In general, the filling of the melt into the casting mold can be optimized so that the casting mold does not overflow, thereby avoiding the work that would otherwise be required and saving energy. The control device can then have a further control loop, in which the melt level in the casting mold or at the gate of the casting mold or a target level of the melt is used as a further reference variable. If this additional control loop is superior to the control loop of the absolute position, the rotation angle or the rotation speed, the filling of the casting mold can be regulated primarily as a function of the target level, thereby controlling the time-optimized filling of the casting mold. This allows the casting mold to be filled faster while maintaining the same quality of the product.

[0014] Before filling, the starting point can be set as a reference position tilted around each axis. In this reference position, the casting mold with horizontal and vertical sides can be positioned in such a way that the absolute position of the corresponding axis is defined with a rotation angle of 0° as the starting point. In principle, however, the casting mold can already be tilted around one or both axes so that the absolute position has a rotation angle ≠ 0°. This rotation angle can then be determined as the starting point for filling.

[0015] The control device can calculate the rotation angle and / or rotation speed of each axis in the filling time period according to the mold cavity of the casting mold. Therefore, the control device can specify the rotation angle and / or rotation speed of each axis as the target variable or target variable of the movement of the casting mold during the casting process. It can also be provided that the control device calculates the rotation angle and / or rotation speed of different time periods of the filling or pouring process. Then, the movement of the casting mold can be particularly accurately adapted to the shape of the cavity or the product to be cast.

[0016] The control device can calculate the volume of the melt filled into the casting mold in each filling time segment of the filling. The melt volume or the volume flow of the melt can be determined by the control device via the rotation speed of each axis. In principle, the control device can also calculate the total melt volume in the casting mold in the corresponding time segment. This is particularly advantageous if the volume of the cavity is known. The control device can then also determine the time point until the casting process is completed or the time period for pouring the melt into the casting mold is completed.

[0017] The control device can simulate the melt flow during the filling time period and output the simulation results or store the simulation results. The control device can be set to simulate the casting process, for example using a casting solidification simulation or a finite element method (FEM). In addition, a simulation of the casting process that is not created by the control device can be integrated into the control device. The control device can then use the simulation to optimize the movement of the mold, for example by repeating the simulation with different parameters to achieve the degree of filling the cavity as smoothly as possible in the shortest possible time period. This optimization can also be done using artificial intelligence (KI). The control device can, for example, output the results in a graphical manner so that it can be checked and / or selected by an operator of the casting machine.

[0018] When the melt is poured into the casting mold, a laminar melt flow can be formed in the casting mold. The laminar melt flow can prevent the formation of cavitation, cold flow tendency and product contamination by oxides. Melt turbulence may be caused by the melt flowing over obstacles (such as shoulders, etc.) in the cavity. By tilting the casting mold about the first axis and the second axis, the melt can be guided around the relevant obstacles, thereby avoiding turbulence of the melt in the casting mold.

[0019] The casting machine for pouring a melt into a casting mold according to the invention comprises a support for accommodating at least one casting mold and a pivot device for moving the casting mold, wherein the casting mold can be moved and tilted about a first axis by means of the pivot device when pouring the melt into the casting mold, wherein the casting mold can be tilted about a second axis by means of the pivot device during filling, wherein the first axis is designed to extend transversely relative to the second axis. With regard to the advantageous effects of the casting machine according to the invention, reference is made to the description of the advantages of the method according to the invention.

[0020] The casting machine may include a casting mold and / or a crucible for filling the melt into the casting mold. The casting mold may be a permanent mold or a sand mold. The casting mold may be accommodated on a support of the casting machine or fixed thereto so that the casting mold can be moved by a pivoting device. The crucible may be arranged on the casting mold for filling the melt into the casting mold, or alternatively, may be carried along with the casting mold when the casting mold is moved during the casting process. For example, this can also be done using a multi-axis robot or the like. The robot can also be a component of the casting machine.

[0021] The first axis can be designed to extend perpendicularly relative to the second axis, wherein the first axis preferably intersects the second axis. However, it is also conceivable that these axes are designed to be spaced apart from each other. The axis here is an imaginary line around which the casting mold can be rotated or tilted. The axis does not necessarily have to be formed by an existing axis in the structure. Rather, any mechanical device can be provided, such as a plurality of axes, joints, etc., around which the tilting can be achieved.

[0022] The first axis and the second axis can be designed to extend horizontally relative to the casting mold, or the first axis can be designed to extend horizontally relative to the casting mold and the second axis can be designed to extend vertically relative to the casting mold. The casting mold can be arranged here with its top and bottom aligned horizontally and its sides aligned vertically.

[0023] The first axis and the second axis can be designed to pass through the casting mold, preferably through the center of gravity of the casting mold. The center of gravity here is understood to mean the geometric center of gravity or center of mass of the casting mold. Since the casting mold usually has a relatively high weight, a lower torque must be used to move the casting mold. This arrangement of the axes can make the drive of the rotating device smaller or operate with less energy consumption.

[0024] The axis of the pivoting device can be designed with at least one frame, which is at least partially designed in an arc shape, wherein the arc segment of the frame can be placed on the bearing of the pivoting device and can be moved along the pivot by the driving device of the pivoting device. One, two or more frames can be provided for each axis, each frame resting on the associated bearing. The frame can be in the form of a disc or a truss. In addition, the frame can also be circular, wherein the arc design of the frame is sufficient to pivot the mold. The bearing can also be designed to be circular or arc-shaped in accordance with the frame. The bearing can be a sliding bearing. Alternatively, the bearing can also be formed by rolling elements or rolling bearings, and then the frame rests on it. The driving device can be a motor or an actuator, such as an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic linear drive. The motor can use a transmission, such as a gear transmission, a belt drive, etc., to pivot one or more frames relative to the corresponding bearing around the axis. The actuator can also be arranged on the frame and the bracket in such a way that the movement of the corresponding actuator causes the relative movement of the frame and the bearing or the pivoting of the frame around the corresponding axis.

[0025] When pouring melt, the gate of the casting mold can be arranged on the inclined, horizontal or vertical side of the casting mold. Therefore, the casting mold can be accommodated on the support in such a way that when the melt is initially filled into the casting mold, the gate is located on one of the sides of the casting mold or on the upper side of the casting mold.

[0026] Further advantageous embodiments of the casting machine result from the characterizing features of the dependent claims associated with method claim 1 . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] In the attached picture:

[0029] Figure 1 A perspective view of a casting mold with an axis is shown;

[0030] Figure 2 Another perspective view of the casting mold with an axis is shown;

[0031] Figure 3 A side view of a casting machine is shown;

[0032] Figure 4 Shows Figure 3 Rear view of the casting machine;

[0033] Figure 5 Shows Figure 3 A partial stereogram of a casting machine;

[0034] Figure 6 A table showing the movement of the mold during the casting process;

[0035] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of a casting mold with a crucible;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing a casting process of a first embodiment;

[0037] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram showing a casting process of a second embodiment;

[0038] Fig.10a -h shows a schematic diagram of the method sequence for filling a casting mold according to a first embodiment;

[0039] Fig.11a -h shows a schematic diagram of the method sequence for filling a casting mold according to a second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Figure 1 A casting mold 10 is shown, which is essentially formed here by an upper mold part 11 and a lower mold part 12 and has a pouring gate 14 on a side 13. The casting mold 10 can be moved about a first axis 15 and a second axis 16 or can be tilted by a casting machine not shown further here. The first axis 15 and the second axis 16 are designed to extend horizontally relative to the casting mold 10 and intersect at right angles at the center of gravity 19 of the casting mold 10.

[0041] Figure 2 A casting mold 10 is shown, in which Figure 1Differently, the casting mold 10 may be arranged on a casting machine (not shown) tilted about a first axis 17 and a second axis 18 , wherein the first axis 17 extends horizontally relative to the casting mold 10 and the second axis 18 extends vertically relative to the casting mold 10 .

[0042] Figures 3 to 5 The casting machine 20 is shown in general with a casting mold 21, which has an upper mold part 22 and a lower mold part 23. The casting machine 20 has a support 24 for accommodating the casting mold 21 and a pivot device 25 for moving the casting mold 21. By means of the pivot device 25, the casting mold 21 can be moved while pouring melt into the casting mold 21 and can be tilted about a first axis 26 and a second axis 27. The first axis 26 and the second axis 27 extend horizontally and vertically relative to the casting mold 21 and have a relative distance from each other. The pivot device 25 is designed with a partially circular arc-shaped frame 28 for the first axis 26, wherein the circular arc 29 of the frame 28 rests on a bearing 30 and can be moved along the bearing 30 by a drive device 31. The bearing 30 is here essentially formed by two bearing rollers 32 for each frame 28, and the drive device 31 is formed by an electric motor 33. For the second axis 27, the pivot device 25 includes a circular arc-shaped frame 34, which rests on a bearing 36 via its circular arc 35. Furthermore, a bearing pin 37 is rotatably mounted in a bearing bushing 38 of the support 24. The drive device 39 is formed here by a hydraulic or electric drive cylinder 40, which enables the arc 35 to be pivoted or tilted about the second axis 27. The casting mold 21 is placed on a table 41 of the support 24 and is clamped thereto by means of clamping jaws 42. The position of the casting mold 21 shown here serves as a starting point for the movement of the casting mold 21 during the casting process.

[0043] Figure 6 A table is shown, which shows an example Figures 1 to 5 The possible movements of the axes mentioned in during the casting process. The casting process here extends over a time period in which any number of steps can be performed. The step marked as start indicates the start of this time period of the casting process, and the step marked as end indicates the end of this time period of the casting process. There is a time period between each step, during which the melt is poured into the casting mold. The movements of the casting mold are carried out independently of each other for the first axis and the second axis. For steps 1 and 2, initially only the first axis is moved, for steps 3 and 4, both axes are moved. Starting from the starting point of the casting mold, the rotation angle is approximated within the specified travel time using individual steps, resulting in the rotation speed of the individual axes. It is important that the casting mold moves around the first axis and the second axis when the melt is poured into the casting mold.

[0044] Figure 7A schematic diagram of a casting mold 43 with a crucible 44 is shown. The casting mold 43 is formed by an upper mold part 45 and a lower mold part 46. A cavity 47 of a product to be cast is formed inside the casting mold 43. A gate 48 is also formed on the casting mold 43, which has a melt channel 49 leading to a runner 50 of the cavity 47. A sensor 51 is also provided on the gate 48, with which the gate 48 of the casting mold 43 can monitor the liquid level of the melt in the gate 48 or the runner 50. This can be done by detecting the liquid level of the melt by the sensor 51. The casting mold 43 can be tiltably mounted on a casting machine (not shown) about a first axis 52 and a second axis 53. The crucible 44 can also be designed to be tiltable about another axis 54.

[0045] Figure 8 An embodiment of a casting process of a casting mold 43 on a casting machine is shown, wherein the casting mold 43 moves along the Figure 8 The direction shown is inclined at an angle about a first axis 52, wherein the crucible 44 is also inclined in the direction shown during the casting process about a further axis 54. The volume flow of the melt flowing into the casting mold 43 through the pouring gate 48 can be increased in this way.

[0046] In contrast, Fig. 9 An embodiment of a casting process using a casting mold 43 is shown, wherein a crucible 44 remains stationary relative to the casting mold 43 or a pouring gate 48, while the casting mold 43 is moved along the casting mold 43. Fig. 9 The direction shown is tilted about the first axis 52. This also allows the melt from the crucible 44 to be poured into the pouring opening 48. The melt volume flow rate, which is dependent on the tilt about the first axis 52, cannot then be adjusted by the crucible 44.

[0047] Figure 10a to Figure 10h The casting mold 43 with the crucible 44 is shown in combination during different time periods according to an embodiment of the casting process. During the casting process, the crucible 44 is always rigidly fixed or arranged relative to the casting mold 43 without any relative movement. Fig.10a The starting position shown, the mold 43 according to Fig.10b The first axis 52 is tilted so that the melt 55 in the crucible 44 flows toward the gate 48. Fig.10c As shown, the melt 55 is filled into the cavity 47 according to the inclination around the first axis 52 until the sensor 51 located at the gate 48 detects the melt 55. The control device of the casting machine, not shown here, moves the mold 43 and then increases the rotation speed of the mold 43 around the first axis 52, so that the cavity 47 is filled faster and the liquid level 56 of the melt 55 in the cavity 47 reaches outside the detection range of the sensor 51, as shown in FIG. Fig.10e As shown. Fig.10f With the continued pivoting movement, the cavity 47 continues to be filled with the melt 55, so that the liquid level 56 in the cavity 47 continues to rise. Figure 10gAs shown, the sensor 51 detects the liquid level 56 of the melt 55 or its gate 48 again. Then, the rotation speed of the mold 43 around the first axis 52 is increased again to the extent that the mold 43 is completely filled with the melt 55, as shown in FIG. Fig.10h shown.

[0048] Figures 11a to 11h Another embodiment of a casting process using a casting mold 43 and a crucible 44 is shown, wherein Figures 10a to 10h In contrast, the crucible 44 can be tilted about another axis 54. Fig.10c The difference is that now according to Fig.11c The crucible 44 is set to be inclined relative to the casting mold 43 in the direction shown here, so as to increase the flow rate or volume flow of the melt 55 into the cavity 47. Fig.11d , and also detects the melt 55 or its level 56 at the gate 48. Fig.11e As shown, the rotation speed about the first axis 52 and the rotation speed of the crucible 44 about the other axis 54 are increased by the control device of the relevant casting machine, which is also not shown here, to the extent that the mold cavity 47 is quickly filled with the melt 55. Fig.11f As shown, the cavity 47 is continuously filled until the liquid level 56 of the melt 55 reaches the sensor 51 or the gate 48 again. By increasing the rotation speed around the first axis 52 again, the cavity 47 or the mold 43 is completely filled with the melt 55, as shown in FIG. Fig.11h shown.

[0049] By means of the sensor 51, the control device can control the inclination about the first axis 52 or the second axis 53 and the further axis 54, so that the inclination about the axes 52, 53, 54 is adjusted according to the liquid level 56 as a reference variable. The liquid level 56 can then also be a higher-level reference variable, according to which the absolute position, the rotation angle and / or the rotation speed are adjusted. The liquid level 56 can be defined by the control device as a target liquid level. When the mold 43 is tilted, the control device can increase the rotation speed until the target liquid level is reached. Then, as described above, the tilting of the mold 43 can be stopped or slowed down, so that the liquid level 56 remains essentially constant while the mold 43 or the crucible 44 is tilted and the melt is poured into the mold 43. In this way, the filling of the mold 43 can be significantly accelerated.

[0050] The movement of the mold 43 around the second axis is Figure 7 to Figure 1 1 is not visible, but it can be done.

[0051] The sensor 51 is not absolutely necessary for carrying out the method, so Figure 7 to Figure 1The embodiment of the method described in 1 can also be carried out without the sensor 51 and is included in the description. The control device of the casting machine in question can then be set in such a way that the rotation speed is changed according to the then known cavity 47, regardless of the knowledge of the melt level or direct detection by the sensor.

Claims

1. A method for pouring a melt into a casting mold, wherein at least one casting mold (10, 21, 43) is accommodated on a support (24) of a casting machine (20), wherein the casting mold is moved by a pivot device (25) of the casting machine and tilted about a first axis (15, 17, 26, 52) when the melt (55) is poured into the casting mold, It is characterized in that The casting mold is tilted during filling by a pivoting device about a second axis (16, 18, 27, 53), wherein the first axis is designed to extend transversely relative to the second axis.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that When the casting mold (10, 21, 43) is tilted about a first axis (15, 17, 26, 52) and a second axis (16, 18, 27, 53), a crucible (44) filled with a melt (55) is stationary relative to the casting mold, or the crucible is tilted about another axis (54).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The tilting about the axis (15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 52, 53) is controlled by a control device of the casting machine (20).

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The respective tilting about the first axis (15, 17, 26, 52) and the second axis (16, 18, 27, 53) during the filled time period occurs in a common time section and / or in different time sections respectively.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The absolute position, the angle of rotation and / or the speed of rotation are determined for each axis (15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 52, 53) by means of a sensor device of the casting machine (20).

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The regulating device of the control device regulates the respective inclination about the first axis (15, 17, 26, 52) and the second axis (16, 18, 27, 53) during filling as a function of the absolute position, the angle of rotation or the speed of rotation as a reference variable.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that When filling a molten metal (55) into a sprue (14, 48) of a casting mold (15, 17, 26, 52), a liquid level (56) of the molten metal in the sprue and / or in the runner (50) of the casting mold is detected by a sensor device, wherein a control device controls an absolute position, a rotation angle or a rotation speed as a function of the liquid level as a higher-order reference variable.

8. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that Before filling, the starting point is set to a reference position tilted around each axis (15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 52, 53).

9. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that The control device calculates the rotation angle and / or rotation speed of each axis (15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 52, 53) according to the time period for filling the cavity (47) of the casting mold (10, 21, 43).

10. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that The control device calculates the volume of the melt filled into the casting mold (10, 21, 43) in each time section of the filling.

11. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that The control device simulates the melt flow during the filling period and outputs or stores the simulation results.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that When the melt (55) is filled into the casting mold (10, 21, 43), a laminar melt flow is formed in the casting mold.

13. A casting machine (20) for pouring a melt into a casting mold, wherein the casting machine comprises a support (24) for accommodating at least one casting mold (10, 21, 43) and a pivot device (25) for moving the casting mold, wherein the casting mold is movable and tiltable about a first axis (15, 17, 26, 52) by means of the pivot device when pouring the melt (55) into the casting mold, It is characterized in that The casting mold is tiltable during filling by means of a pivot device about a second axis (16, 18, 27, 53), wherein the first axis is designed to extend transversely relative to the second axis.

14. The casting machine according to claim 13, characterized in that The casting machine comprises a casting mold (10, 21, 43) and / or a crucible (44) for filling a melt (55) into the casting mold.

15. The casting machine according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that The first axis (15, 17, 26, 52) is designed to extend orthogonally relative to the second axis (16, 18, 27, 53), wherein the first axis preferably intersects the second axis.

16. A casting machine according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterised in that The first axis (15, 26, 52) and the second axis (16, 27, 53) are designed to extend horizontally relative to the casting mold (10, 21, 43), or the first axis (17) is designed to extend horizontally relative to the casting mold (10, 21, 43) and the second axis (18) is designed to extend vertically relative to the casting mold (10, 21, 43).

17. A casting machine according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterised in that The first axis (15, 17, 26, 52) and the second axis (16, 18, 27, 53) are designed to extend through the casting mold (10, 21, 43), preferably through the center of gravity (19) of the casting mold (10, 21, 43).

18. A casting machine according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterised in that The pivot device (25) is designed with at least one frame (28, 34) at least partially designed as an arc for each axis (15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 27, 52, 53), wherein the arc segment (29, 35) of the frame rests on the bearing (32, 36) of the pivot device and can be moved along the bearing by the drive device (31, 39) of the pivot device.

19. A casting machine according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterised in that When filling with melt (55), the gate (14, 48) of the casting mold (10, 21, 43) is arranged on the inclined, horizontal or vertical side (13) of the casting mold.

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