Casting machine and casting method

Abstract

The invention relates to a casting machine and to a method for pouring a melt into a casting mould, in which at least one casting mould (43) is accommodated on a frame of the casting machine, in which the casting mould is moved by a pivoting device of the casting machine during the injection of the melt into the casting mould and is tilted about an axis (52), the filling level of the melt in the pouring gate and / or in the pouring gate (50) of the casting mold is detected by a sensor device of the casting machine when the melt is injected into the pouring gate (48).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a casting machine and a method for pouring a melt into a casting mold, wherein at least one casting mold is accommodated on a support of the casting machine, wherein the casting mold is moved and tilted about an axis by a pivot device of the casting machine when the melt is filled into the casting mold. Background Art

[0002] Such casting machines and methods are well known in the prior art, wherein during casting, liquid metal is always filled into the casting mold until the casting mold or the cavity of the casting mold is completely filled. After the melt solidifies, the subsequently formed component can be formed or removed from the mold. The casting mold can be a permanent mold or a disposable mold, such as a permanent mold or a sand mold. It is important that when the melt is filled into the casting mold (which can be done by a crucible), the casting mold moves or tilts around an axis. For this purpose, the casting mold is arranged on a movable support of the casting machine. The support of the casting machine is designed so that the casting mold can be moved or tilted around an axis by a pivoting device. By tilting the casting mold when pouring the melt, depending on the shape of the cavity in the casting mold, the casting mold can be completely filled with metal without forming defects such as cavitation, cold flow, etc. in the casting mold. It is also advantageous if the melt poured into the casting mold fills the cavity uniformly and is not randomly distributed in the cavity. This also ensures a controlled filling process of the melt. Overall, high-quality cast metal products can be obtained with almost no waste.

[0003] However, as has been shown, when pouring the melt into the casting mold, the problem arises that there is too much melt for casting and melt overflow occurs at the pouring gate of the casting mold. In principle, too little melt should not be poured into the casting mold, otherwise the cast product will be defective. Therefore, the amount of melt is metered in such a way that the amount of melt is large enough. However, overflowing melt requires constant and repeated cleaning of the casting equipment, may cause damage to the casting machine, and requires energy required for melting, which can be saved. Summary of the invention

[0004] It is therefore an object of the present invention to specify a method for pouring a melt into a casting mold and a casting machine which allow improved filling of the casting mold and reduced costs.

[0005] This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a casting machine having the features of claim 16 .

[0006] In the method according to the invention for pouring a melt into a casting mold, at least one casting mold is accommodated on a support of a casting machine, wherein the casting mold is moved and tilted about an axis by a pivot device of the casting machine when the melt is poured into the casting mold, wherein the liquid level of the melt in the pouring gate and / or in the runner of the casting mold is detected by a sensor device of the casting machine when the melt is poured into the pouring gate.

[0007] In the method according to the invention, it is provided that when the melt is poured into the casting mold, that is, during the casting process, the casting machine tilts or pivots the casting mold around at least one axis. Thus, the metal or melt flowing into the casting mold can continuously fill the casting mold without causing uncontrolled filling of the cavity in the casting mold, in which case the melt then fills the cavity with a random melt flow. In order to prevent the melt from flowing out of the casting mold when the melt is injected, the tilting of the casting mold can be accelerated to such an extent during the filling process that this situation is basically excluded during the filling time period. However, this will lead to a random distribution of the melt in the casting mold cavity, thereby promoting the formation of casting defects and oxide inclusions. By means of the sensor device of the casting machine, when the melt is now poured into the gate of the casting mold, the liquid level of the melt in the gate and / or the runner of the casting mold is detected. Thus, the sensor device can be used to determine when the liquid level or height of the melt in the casting mold cavity reaches the gate or runner. Therefore, the sensor device can be used to determine when there is a risk of melt overflowing from the casting mold. Now the casting process can be adjusted to prevent the melt from overflowing. If melt is detected at the gate and / or the runner of the casting mold, the casting process can be corrected accordingly, for example by tilting the casting mold around an axis and / or metering the volume flow of the melt filled into the casting mold. Overall, the filling of the casting mold with melt can be optimized so that the casting mold does not overflow, thereby avoiding work that would otherwise be required and saving energy. In principle, the method can be used for any type of casting mold. For example, the casting mold can be designed as a permanent mold or a disposable mold. The casting mold is preferably a permanent mold or a sand mold. The casting mold can be designed in two or more parts.

[0008] The tilting about the axis can be controlled using a control device on the casting machine. The control device can include a device for data processing, such as a computer or a programmable logic controller, or be formed by a device for data processing. As part of the casting process, the control device can then control, for example, a motor, an actuator or other actuator so that the casting mold is tilted or pivoted about the axis. The time course of the control can be stored separately in the control device of the casting mold. In particular, it can be provided that the control device performs the tilting about the axis as a function of the detection of the liquid level.

[0009] Furthermore, the regulating device of the control device can regulate the tilting about the axis during filling as a function of the liquid level as a reference variable. The casting mold then does not have to be tilted continuously or at a constant speed, as is known in the prior art, but rather is dynamically adapted to the level of the melt. This also makes it possible to tilt the casting mold or fill the mold cavity with the melt at an optimized speed. For example, if during the casting process the tilting of the casting mold in the mold cavity results in a larger volume to be filled in sections, the regulating device can accelerate the tilting of the casting mold and, for example, slow down the tilting of the casting mold when the volume is filled to prevent overflowing. The casting mold can thus also be tilted at a nonlinear speed.

[0010] By means of the sensor device, the absolute position, the angle of rotation and / or the speed of rotation of the axis can be determined, whereby the control device can adjust the absolute position, the angle of rotation or the speed of rotation according to the liquid level as the upper reference variable. The sensor device may include further sensors, such as rotary encoders or other suitable sensors on the corresponding axis. These sensors are then able to determine the actual position of the axis or the angle of inclination of the mold independently of the drive of the pivot device for tilting the mold. During the movement of the mold, the rotation speed of the axis can also be detected by the sensor device. Then the control device can also be set so that the control device outputs the corresponding recorded value. This can be done by data transmission, digital representation, graphical representation, etc. The operator of the casting machine can then directly monitor the casting process. In addition, the recorded data can also be saved or recorded by the control device. The regulating device can be designed as a regulating system for regulating the drive of the pivot device in the control device so that the mold is tilted around the axis in a desired manner during the casting process. Preferably, it can be provided that the rotation angle of the corresponding axis to be achieved is adjusted at the end of a time segment of the casting process. Since the control is based on the level as the higher-level reference variable, it is not even necessary to enter the values ​​of the absolute position, the angle of rotation and / or the speed of rotation into the control device, since these parameters do not necessarily have to be known by the control. Therefore, initial programming of the control device can be omitted in the first place. This can significantly simplify the operation of the casting machine and save costs for the operator.

[0011] Using the control device, the mold can be tilted about an axis until a target level is reached. The target level can then be located in the region of the gate or runner. The sensor device can therefore also be arranged so that the level to be detected is the target level. This means that the sensor device can only detect when the target level is reached. On the other hand, the sensor device can also detect the absolute value of the level, i.e. an increase or decrease in the level in the cavity. The sensor device then has a measuring range for the level. The target level can then be located within the measuring range of the sensor device. A tolerance for the target level can then also be defined in the control device.

[0012] Data on the direction of rotation, the initial angle of rotation, and preferably the volume flow rate can be transmitted separately to the control device, which can then fill the mold with the melt. The control device can thus be provided with a starting point or a reference position for tilting about an axis. The volume flow rate can be specified by the direction of rotation and the rotation speed. This is advantageous because the level of the melt can only be detected when the melt enters the mold.

[0013] By means of a control device, the rotation speed can be increased until a target level is reached while the casting mold is tilted about an axis. The rotation speed can be increased by a defined acceleration. In this way, an overshoot of the melt can be prevented despite the detection of the liquid level. For example, the rotation speed can be increased continuously until a target level is reached, and the rotation or tilting of the casting mold about the axis can then be stopped or slowed down. By increasing the rotation speed during the casting process, the casting mold or its cavity can be filled particularly quickly with melt, thereby significantly speeding up the casting process.

[0014] By means of the control device, the tilting of the casting mold about the axis can be stopped when a target level is exceeded. In particular, provision can be made for the casting process to be stopped when the detected level exceeds the measuring range of the sensor device. The position of the target level can advantageously be selected such that the casting mold does not overflow immediately after reaching the target level. Thus, the target level can also be defined between the gate and the runner of the casting mold.

[0015] The control device can determine a time interval until a target liquid level is reached within the time period of filling the mold, wherein the control device shortens the time interval in subsequent castings by increasing the volume of the melt filled into the mold per time interval. Using this control device, the casting process can be optimized to the extent that the maximum possible mold filling speed is achieved. This can be achieved by the control device continuously increasing the tilt of the mold around the axis and / or the volume flow of the melt introduced by the crucible during the continuous casting process, so that the target liquid level is reached faster, and thus, for example, the target liquid level is maintained by the control device. This optimization can be performed iteratively in multiple casting processes of the same product.

[0016] The control device can calculate the volume of the melt in the mold based on the mold cavity, the liquid level and the rotation angle of the axis. For example, if the sensor device can detect the liquid level of the melt, the control device can calculate the volume of the melt that has been filled into the mold based on the position and known volume or known shape of the mold cavity. The control device can then derive the volume of the melt that still needs to be filled into the mold. The control device can use the knowledge of the melt volume that still needs to be filled to further optimize the casting process. In this way, the control device can also limit the total melt volume, so that the situation where the mold overflows due to excessive melt volume at the end of the casting process can be eliminated.

[0017] The control device can calculate the initial rotation angle based on the position of the mold cavity and the gate on the mold. Before pouring the melt into the mold, the initial rotation angle of the mold can be used as the starting point for tilting the mold around the axis. The initial rotation angle can be selected so that the melt does not immediately come out of the gate during pouring. Therefore, the inclination of the mold or the cavity formed therein can be selected so that there is at least a gradient in the cavity, which allows the melt to flow into the cavity. The corresponding data of the cavity and its relative position in the mold can be stored in the control device. Based on the position of the cavity and the gate, the control device can optimally spatially position the mold at the beginning of the casting process, thereby generating an initial rotation angle.

[0018] The control device can calculate the volume of the melt filled into the casting mold in each time segment of the filling. The melt volume or the volume flow of the melt can be determined by the control device via the rotation speed of the shaft. In principle, the control device can also calculate the total melt volume in the casting mold in the corresponding time segment. This is particularly advantageous if the volume of the cavity is known. The control device can then also determine the time point until the casting process is completed or the time period for pouring the melt into the casting mold is completed.

[0019] The control device can simulate the melt flow during the filling time period and output the simulation results or store the simulation results. The control device can be set to simulate the casting process, for example using a casting solidification simulation or a finite element method (FEM). In addition, a simulation of the casting process that is not created by the control device can be integrated into the control device. The control device can then use the simulation to optimize the movement of the mold, for example by repeating the simulation with different parameters to achieve the degree of filling the cavity as smoothly as possible in the shortest possible time period. This optimization can also be done using artificial intelligence (KI). The control device can, for example, output the results in a graphical manner so that it can be checked and / or selected by an operator of the casting machine.

[0020] During filling, the mold can be tilted around a second axis by a pivot device, wherein the axis is designed to extend transversely relative to the second axis. Thus, it can be provided that when pouring the melt, the mold is tilted or rotated around the axis or the first axis and around the second axis. Thus, the two axes can be designed or arranged to extend transversely relative to each other, so the mold can move in two planes, resulting in movement in three dimensions during filling of the melt. This can adapt the movement of the mold to the cavity formed in the mold individually during filling of the melt. Even products with complex geometries can be cast with high quality. When pouring the melt into the mold, the melt can be guided to the desired flow direction by moving the mold, which flow direction can change according to the shape of the product during the casting process or filling, and can be adapted to the shape of the product. The melt channel formed in the mold can also be considered here. The casting process can be designed here so that the cavity of the mold is filled smoothly and completely, thereby avoiding air inclusions and cold flow tendencies and product contamination by oxides. In addition, the arrangement of the cavity in the mold is no longer necessarily limited to the optimal position of the gate on the mold. Since the casting mold can be moved with two degrees of freedom, the arrangement of the cavities is more flexible. Depending on the shape of the product to be cast, the size of the casting mold can be made smaller because the arrangement of the cavities in the casting mold can be selected in the most space-saving way possible.

[0021] When the mold is tilted about an axis, the crucible filled with the melt can be stationary relative to the mold, or the crucible can be tilted about another axis. In order to fill the melt into the mold, the crucible filled with the melt or liquid metal can be positioned at the gate in the mold. In a first embodiment of the method, it can be provided that the crucible is firmly fixed relative to the mold, or the crucible is moved with the movement of the mold in a manner that no relative movement occurs. Due to the movement of the mold, the crucible moves therewith, so that the melt can be poured into the gate through the movement. According to another embodiment, the crucible can be tilted about another axis. This means that during the movement of the mold when the melt is poured into the gate, the crucible can move relative to the mold, so that more or less melt can be poured into the gate compared to a stationary crucible. The melt flow rate or melt volume flow rate can thus be adjusted, for example, according to the shape of the cavity. The casting process can better adapt to the shape of the product.

[0022] The casting machine according to the invention for pouring a melt into a casting mold comprises a support for accommodating at least one casting mold and a pivoting device for moving the casting mold, wherein the casting mold can be moved and tilted about an axis by the pivoting device when pouring the melt into the casting mold, wherein the casting machine has a sensor device by which the level of the melt in the pouring gate and / or in the runner of the casting mold can be detected when pouring the melt into the pouring gate of the casting mold. With regard to the advantageous effects of the casting machine according to the invention, reference is made to the description of the advantages of the method according to the invention.

[0023] The sensor device can include at least one sensor, in particular an image sensor, an infrared sensor, a temperature sensor, an inductive sensor, a capacitive sensor, a near-field sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a radar sensor, a magnetic sensor. In principle, the sensor can be any sensor suitable for detecting the melt level in the gate and / or the runner of the mold. In addition, the sensor device can also include a plurality of sensors of the same or different types. The image sensor can be formed, for example, by a video camera. The infrared sensor can be designed as an infrared diode or an infrared camera. The temperature sensor can also be formed by an infrared sensor or other device for determining the temperature. The near-field sensor can be formed by an inductive sensor or a capacitive sensor. A radar sensor can also be used, since it is not affected by the melt temperature.

[0024] The sensor can be located away from the mold, on the mold or in the mold, preferably adjacent to the gate or directly on the gate. It is advantageous if the sensor is not directly arranged on the mold because the sensor is independent of the mold. For example, the sensor can be arranged and aligned on the support of the casting machine so that it is positioned adjacent to the gate, such as a camera with an optical detection range aimed at the gate. Alternatively or additionally, the sensor can also be directly arranged on the mold, and then the sensor can be directly located at the gate or in the gate. It is also advantageous if the sensor is arranged in the mold. For example, this can be done by arranging a recess where the sensor is located in the mold. The sensor does not have to be in direct contact with the melt here, although this is also possible. For example, the position of the sensor can also be selected so that the sensor is located on the melt channel between the gate and the runner of the mold.

[0025] The casting machine may include a casting mold and / or a crucible for filling the melt into the casting mold. The casting mold may be a permanent mold or a sand mold. The casting mold may be accommodated on a support of the casting machine or fixed thereto so that the casting mold can be moved by a pivoting device. The crucible may be arranged on the casting mold for filling the melt into the casting mold, or alternatively, may be carried along with the casting mold when the casting mold is moved during the casting process. For example, this can also be done using a multi-axis robot or the like. The robot can also be a component of the casting machine.

[0026] Further advantageous embodiments of the casting machine result from the characterizing features of the dependent claims associated with method claim 1 . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] In the attached figure:

[0029] Figure 1 A perspective view of a casting mold with an axis is shown;

[0030] Figure 2Another perspective view of the casting mold with an axis is shown;

[0031] Figure 3 A side view of a casting machine is shown;

[0032] Figure 4 Shows Figure 3 Rear view of the casting machine;

[0033] Figure 5 Shows Figure 3 A partial stereogram of a casting machine;

[0034] Figure 6 is a table showing the movement of the mold during the casting process;

[0035] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of a casting mold with a crucible;

[0036] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing a casting process of a first embodiment;

[0037] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram showing a casting process of a second embodiment;

[0038] Fig.10a -h shows a schematic diagram of the method sequence for filling a casting mold according to a first embodiment;

[0039] Fig.11a -h shows a schematic diagram of the method sequence for filling a casting mold according to a second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Figure 1 A casting mold 10 is shown, which is essentially formed here by an upper mold part 11 and a lower mold part 12 and has a pouring gate 14 on a side 13. The casting mold 10 can be moved about a first axis 15 and a second axis 16 or can be tilted by a casting machine not shown further here. The first axis 15 and the second axis 16 are designed to extend horizontally relative to the casting mold 10 and intersect at right angles at the center of gravity 19 of the casting mold 10.

[0041] Figure 2 A casting mold 10 is shown, in which Figure 1 Differently, the casting mold 10 may be arranged on a casting machine (not shown) tilted about a first axis 17 and a second axis 18 , wherein the first axis 17 extends horizontally relative to the casting mold 10 and the second axis 18 extends vertically relative to the casting mold 10 .

[0042] Figures 3 to 5The schematic diagram shows a casting machine 20 with a casting mold 21, which has an upper mold part 22 and a lower mold part 23. The casting machine 20 has a support 24 for accommodating the casting mold 21 and a pivot device 25 for moving the casting mold 21. By means of the pivot device 25, the casting mold 21 can be moved while pouring melt into the casting mold 21 and can be tilted about a first axis 26 and a second axis 27. The first axis 26 and the second axis 27 extend horizontally and orthogonally relative to the casting mold 21 and have a relative distance from each other. The pivot device 25 is designed with a partially circular arc-shaped frame 28 for the first axis 26, wherein the arc 29 of the frame 28 rests on a bearing 30 and can be moved along the bearing 30 by a drive device 31. The bearing 30 is here essentially formed by two bearing rollers 32 for each frame 28, and the drive device 31 is formed by an electric motor 33. For the second axis 27, the pivot device 25 comprises a circular arc-shaped frame 34, which rests on a bearing 36 via its arc 35. Furthermore, a bearing pin 37 is rotatably mounted in a bearing bushing 38 of the support 24. The drive device 39 is formed here by a hydraulic or electric drive cylinder 40, which enables the arc 35 to be pivoted or tilted about the second axis 27. The casting mold 21 is placed on a table 41 of the support 24 and is clamped thereon by means of clamping jaws 42. The position of the casting mold 21 shown here serves as a starting point for the movement of the casting mold 21 during the casting process.

[0043] Figure 6 A table is shown, which shows an example Figures 1 to 5 The possible movements of the axes mentioned in during the casting process. The casting process here extends over a time period in which any number of steps can be performed. The step marked as start indicates the start of this time period of the casting process, and the step marked as end indicates the end of this time period of the casting process. There is a time period between each step, during which the melt is poured into the casting mold. The movements of the casting mold are carried out independently of each other for the first axis and the second axis. For steps 1 and 2, initially only the first axis is moved, for steps 3 and 4, both axes are moved. Starting from the starting point of the casting mold, the rotation angle is approximated within the specified travel time using individual steps, resulting in the rotation speed of the individual axes. It is important that the casting mold moves around the first axis and the second axis when the melt is poured into the casting mold.

[0044] Figure 7A schematic diagram of a casting mold 43 with a crucible 44 is shown. The casting mold 43 is formed by an upper mold part 45 and a lower mold part 46. A cavity 47 of a product to be cast is formed in the casting mold 43. A gate 48 is also formed on the casting mold 43, which has a melt channel 49 leading to a runner 50 of the cavity 47. A sensor 51 is also provided on the gate 48, with which the gate 48 of the casting mold 43 can monitor the liquid level of the melt in the gate 48 or the runner 50. This can be done by detecting the liquid level of the melt by the sensor 51. The casting mold 43 can be tiltably mounted on a casting machine (not shown) about a first axis 52 and a second axis 53. The crucible 44 can also be designed to be tiltable about another axis 54.

[0045] Figure 8 The embodiment of the casting process of the casting mold 43 on the casting machine is shown, wherein the casting mold 43 is moved along the casting process during the casting process. Figure 8 The illustrated direction is inclined at an angle about a first axis 52, wherein the crucible 44 is also inclined in the illustrated direction during the casting process about a further axis 54. The volume flow of the melt flowing into the casting mold 43 through the pouring gate 48 can be increased in this way.

[0046] In contrast, Fig. 9 An embodiment of a casting process using a casting mold 43 is shown, wherein a crucible 44 remains stationary relative to the casting mold 43 or a pouring gate 48, while the casting mold 43 is moved along the casting mold 43. Fig. 9 The direction shown is tilted about the first axis 52. This also allows the melt from the crucible 44 to be poured into the pouring opening 48. The melt volume flow rate, which is dependent on the tilt about the first axis 52, cannot then be adjusted by the crucible 44.

[0047] Figure 10a to Figure 10h The schematic diagram shows a casting mold 43 with a crucible 44 during different time periods according to an embodiment of a casting process. During the casting process, the crucible 44 is always rigidly fixed or arranged relative to the casting mold 43 without any relative movement. Fig.10a The starting position shown, the mold 43 according to Fig.10b The first axis 52 is tilted so that the melt 55 in the crucible 44 flows toward the gate 48. Fig.10c As shown, the melt 55 is filled into the cavity 47 according to the inclination around the first axis 52 until the sensor 51 located at the gate 48 detects the melt 55. The control device of the casting machine, not shown here, moves the mold 43 and then increases the rotation speed of the mold 43 around the first axis 52, so that the cavity 47 is filled faster and the liquid level 56 of the melt 55 in the cavity 47 reaches outside the detection range of the sensor 51, as shown in FIG. Fig.10e As shown. Fig.10f With the continued pivoting movement, the cavity 47 continues to be filled with the melt 55, so that the liquid level 56 in the cavity 47 continues to rise. Figure 10gAs shown, the sensor 51 detects the liquid level 56 of the melt 55 or its gate 48 again. Then, the rotation speed of the mold 43 around the first axis 52 is increased again to the extent that the mold 43 is completely filled with the melt 55, as shown in FIG. Fig.10h shown.

[0048] Figures 11a to 11h Another embodiment of a casting process using a casting mold 43 and a crucible 44 is shown, wherein Figures 10a to 10h In contrast, the crucible 44 can be tilted about another axis 54. Fig.10c The difference is that now according to Fig.11c The crucible 44 is set to be inclined relative to the casting mold 43 in the direction shown here, so as to increase the flow rate or volume flow of the melt 55 into the cavity 47. Fig.11d , the melt 55 or its level 56 at the gate 48 is also detected. Fig.11e The rotation speed about the first axis 52 and the rotation speed of the crucible 44 about the other axis 54 are increased by the control device of the relevant casting machine (also not shown here) to such an extent that the cavity 47 is quickly filled with the melt 55. Fig.11f As shown, the cavity 47 is continuously filled until the liquid level 56 of the melt 55 reaches the sensor 51 or the gate 48 again. By increasing the rotation speed around the first axis 52 again, the cavity 47 or the mold 43 is completely filled with the melt 55, as shown in FIG. Fig.11h shown.

[0049] By means of the sensor 51, the control device can control the tilting about the first axis 52 or the second axis 53 and the further axis 54, so that the tilting about the axes 52, 53, 54 is adjusted according to the liquid level 56 as a reference variable. The liquid level 56 can then also be a higher-level reference variable, according to which the absolute position, the rotation angle and / or the rotation speed are adjusted. The liquid level 56 can be defined by the control device as a target liquid level. When tilting the mold 43, the control device can increase the rotation speed until the target liquid level is reached. Then, as described above, the tilting of the mold 43 can be stopped or slowed down, so that the liquid level 56 remains essentially constant while the mold 43 or the crucible 44 is tilted and the melt is poured into the mold 43. In this way, the filling of the mold 43 can be significantly accelerated.

[0050] In principle, Figure 1 to Figure 1 In the method or the casting machine and the casting mold described in 1, it is sufficient that the casting mold is tilted only about one axis. Therefore, tilting only about one axis also includes Figure 1 to Figure 1 1. The movement of the mold 43 around the second axis is Figure 7 to Figure 1 1 is not visible, but can also be carried out. It is important that there is always a sensor that can detect the melt level in the gate and / or in the runner of the casting mold.

Claims

1. A method for pouring a melt into a casting mold, wherein at least one casting mold (10, 21, 43) is accommodated on a support (24) of a casting machine (20), wherein the casting mold is moved by a pivot device (25) of the casting machine and tilted about an axis (15, 17, 26, 52) when the melt (55) is poured into the casting mold, It is characterized in that The sensor device of the casting machine detects the level (56) of the melt in the pouring gate and / or in the runner (50) of the casting mold when the melt is poured into the pouring gate (14, 18).

2. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The tilting about the axis (15, 17, 26, 52) is controlled by a control device of the casting machine (20).

3. The method according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The regulating device of the control device regulates the inclination about the axis (15, 17, 26, 52) during filling as a function of the liquid level (56) as a reference variable.

4. The method according to claim 3, It is characterized in that An absolute position, a rotational angle and / or a rotational speed is determined by a sensor device for a shaft (15, 17, 26, 52), wherein a control device controls the absolute position, the rotational angle or the rotational speed as a function of a fill level (56) as a higher-order reference variable.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, It is characterized in that The casting mold (10, 21, 43) is tilted about an axis (15, 17, 26, 52) by a control device until a target liquid level (56) is reached.

6. The method according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The data on the direction of rotation, the initial rotation angle, and preferably the volume flow rate are transmitted separately to a control device, wherein the control device then fills the casting mold (10, 21, 43) with the melt (55).

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, It is characterized in that The rotation speed is increased by a control device when the casting mold (10, 21, 43) is tilted about the axis (15, 17, 26, 52) until a target liquid level (56) is reached.

8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, It is characterized in that When a target liquid level (56) is exceeded, the tilting of the casting mold (10, 21, 43) about the axis (15, 17, 26, 52) is stopped by a control device.

9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, It is characterized in that The control device determines a time period until a target liquid level (56) is reached during the time period of filling the casting mold (10, 21, 43), wherein the control device shortens the time period in subsequent casting by increasing the melt volume filled into the casting mold per time period.

10. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 9, It is characterized in that The control device calculates the melt volume in the casting mold according to the mold cavity (47), the liquid level (56) and the rotation angle of the axis (15, 17, 26, 52) of the casting mold (10, 21, 43).

11. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 10, It is characterized in that The control device calculates the initial rotation angle according to the positions of the cavity (47) and the gate (14, 48) of the casting mold (10, 21, 43) on the casting mold.

12. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 11, It is characterized in that During the filling time period, the control device calculates the volume of the melt filled into the casting mold (10, 21, 43) in each time section of the filling.

13. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 12, It is characterized in that The control device simulates the melt flow during the filling period and outputs or stores the simulation results.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, It is characterized in that The casting mold (10, 21, 43) is tilted during filling about a second axis (16, 18, 27, 53) by means of a pivoting device (25), wherein the axis (15, 17, 26, 52) is designed to extend transversely relative to the second axis.

15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, It is characterized in that When the casting mold (10, 21, 43) is tilted about an axis (15, 17, 26, 52), a crucible (44) filled with melt is stationary relative to the casting mold, or the crucible is tilted about another axis (54).

16. A casting machine (20) for pouring a melt into a casting mold, wherein the casting machine comprises a support (24) for accommodating at least one casting mold (10, 21, 43) and a pivot device (25) for moving the casting mold, wherein the casting mold can be moved by the pivot device when pouring the melt (55) into the casting mold and can be tilted about an axis (15, 17, 26, 52), It is characterized in that The casting machine has a sensor device by means of which the level (56) of the melt in the pouring opening (14, 48) of the casting mold can be detected when the melt is poured into the pouring opening (14, 48) of the casting mold.

17. The casting machine according to claim 16, It is characterized in that The sensor device comprises at least one sensor (51), in particular an image sensor, an infrared sensor, a temperature sensor, an inductive sensor, a capacitive sensor, a near-field sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a radar sensor, or a magnetic sensor.

18. The casting machine according to claim 17, It is characterized in that The sensor is positioned remote from the casting mold (10, 21, 43), on the casting mold or in the casting mold, preferably adjacent to the gate (14, 48) or directly at the gate.

19. A casting machine according to any one of claims 16 to 18, It is characterized in that The casting machine (20) comprises a casting mold (10, 21, 43) and / or a crucible (44) for filling a melt (55) into the casting mold.

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