Movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system applied to tunnel side exhaust

Abstract

The invention discloses a movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system applied to tunnel side exhaust, which comprises a main ventilation duct arranged on the outer side of the top of the inner side wall of a tunnel and extending along the direction of the tunnel, and the tail end of the main ventilation duct is closed; a plurality of communication air ducts and a bidirectional fan; the airflow adjusting devices are mounted in the main ventilation duct, correspond to the second ventilation openings in position and are used for controlling the direction and the air volume of airflow passing through the airflow adjusting devices; the opening and closing devices are mounted at the first ventilation openings and used for controlling opening or closing of the first ventilation openings; the water mist devices are distributed on the top of the tunnel in the tunnel direction and used for spraying water into the tunnel to isolate smoke and fire. The ventilation system for daily ventilation and the smoke exhaust system after the fire disaster are mutually fused, accurate ventilation and smoke exhaust of a certain area in the tunnel are achieved, the problems of accumulation of motor vehicle tail gas and fire disaster smoke in the tunnel and the like can be effectively solved, and the operation safety of the tunnel is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust, and in particular relates to a movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system used for tunnel side exhaust. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the growth of traffic demand, it is necessary to optimize and improve traffic routes. In urban areas with high fire density, due to the limited ground utilization and the layout of existing buildings, it is necessary to build underground traffic passages. However, due to the dense underground buildings and underground pipelines, the space for tunnel construction is limited. In order to meet the transportation needs, top-restricted tunnels have become a necessary choice. Among them, the construction of tunnel side rows is its main choice.

[0003] Tunnel side exhaust has unique ventilation and smoke exhaust requirements; however, the space inside the tunnel is closed. Once a fire occurs, harmful smoke accumulates quickly, which not only affects visibility, but may also cause serious consequences such as suffocation and poisoning by toxic gases. Therefore, the design and implementation of tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust systems are crucial. In the existing technology of tunnel side exhaust ventilation, the following problems still exist:

[0004] (1) The operation of ventilation and smoke exhaust systems generally requires a large amount of electricity support. If the system is not designed properly or the operation is improperly regulated, it may lead to waste of resources and increased costs.

[0005] (2) If the ventilation system fails to promptly detect the accumulation of harmful substances or is operating abnormally, there may be a risk of fire. Once the system is affected by a disaster and ventilation is abnormal, smoke emissions are blocked, which will intensify the spread of the fire.

[0006] The surrounding environment of the tunnel side exhaust is usually closed and poorly ventilated. In addition, factors such as vehicle exhaust emissions can easily lead to a decline in air quality and insufficient ventilation in the tunnel. This will affect the freshness of the air in the tunnel and the health of staff and drivers, and hinder the diffusion of smoke. In addition, in the event of a fire, the smoke and toxic gases in the tunnel are difficult to be discharged quickly, causing the visibility of soot and the concentration of smoke to increase, increasing the difficulty of escape and fire fighting. Therefore, how to effectively remove the smoke in the tunnel in a short time, especially in the event of a fire, to ensure that the tunnel quickly returns to a safe state, and how to ensure that the daily ventilation efficiency can be quickly converted to the smoke exhaust mode in an emergency, and that the ventilation and smoke exhaust functions do not interfere with each other, are still issues that need to be considered. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above problems existing in the prior art and to provide a movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side exhaust.

[0008] In order to achieve the above technical objectives and the above technical effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side exhaust, comprising:

[0010] The main ventilation duct is arranged outside the top of the inner wall of the tunnel and extends in the direction of the tunnel, and its end is closed;

[0011] A plurality of connecting ventilation ducts, one end of which is provided with a first ventilation opening connected to the tunnel, and the other end of which is provided with a second ventilation opening connected to the main ventilation duct;

[0012] A two-way fan is installed at the starting end of the main ventilation duct;

[0013] A plurality of air flow regulating devices are installed inside the main ventilation duct and correspond to the positions of the second ventilation openings, and are used to control the direction and volume of air flow passing through the air flow regulating devices;

[0014] A plurality of opening and closing devices are installed at the first vent and used to control the opening or closing of the first vent;

[0015] A plurality of water mist devices are distributed on the top of the tunnel along the tunnel direction and are used to spray into the tunnel for smoke and fire isolation, so that an independent area corresponding to the first ventilation opening is formed between two adjacent water mist devices.

[0016] Furthermore, the airflow regulating device comprises:

[0017] Two sets of linear transmission components are distributed on both sides of the second vent along the direction of the main ventilation duct, and the linear motion direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the main ventilation duct;

[0018] The two ends of the retractable long board are respectively connected to two sets of linear transmission components;

[0019] The driving motor is connected to the linear transmission assembly.

[0020] Furthermore, the retractable long board is composed of a plurality of strips hinged in sequence.

[0021] Furthermore, each set of linear transmission components includes two ball screws perpendicular to the length direction of the main ventilation duct, and a workbench is installed in the middle of the ball screws; the four corners of the retractable long plate are respectively connected to the workbench on the ball screws.

[0022] Furthermore, the opening and closing device comprises:

[0023] The upper and lower slide rails are installed along the tunnel direction to install the first ventilation opening above and below;

[0024] A movable baffle is slidably mounted on the two slide rails and is used to control the opening or closing of the first vent;

[0025] The movable baffle plate is connected to the slide rail via a pulley.

[0026] Furthermore, the water mist device comprises:

[0027] High-pressure water mist spray pipe, used to spray downward to form high-pressure water mist for smoke and fire isolation;

[0028] An automatic control valve is installed at the water inlet of the high-pressure water mist spray pipe to control the opening or closing of the high-pressure water mist spray pipe;

[0029] A water receiving pipe is connected to the water supply pipe and is used to supply water to the high-pressure water mist spraying pipe.

[0030] Furthermore, it also includes several monitoring devices, which are connected to the background control center for communication and installed at the first vent. The monitoring devices specifically include:

[0031] A concentration detection module, used for detecting the concentration of harmful substances at the first ventilation opening;

[0032] A smoke and fire detection module, used for detecting the fire situation at the first ventilation opening;

[0033] The data acquisition module is used to collect the detection results of the concentration detection module and the smoke and fire detection module and feed them back to the data processing module;

[0034] The data processing module is used to analyze the data from the data acquisition module and feed back the analysis results to the background control center through the communication module.

[0035] Furthermore, if the concentration of harmful substances is less than or equal to the first preset value, the bidirectional fan is started to rotate forward to blow air into the main ventilation duct, a plurality of opening and closing devices are controlled to open the first ventilation opening at intervals, and the corresponding airflow adjustment device is controlled to introduce airflow into the second ventilation opening;

[0036] If the concentration of harmful substances is greater than the first preset value and less than or equal to the second preset value, the two-way fan is started to rotate forward to blow air into the main ventilation duct, all the opening and closing devices are controlled to open the first ventilation port, and the corresponding airflow adjustment device is controlled to introduce airflow into the second ventilation port;

[0037] If the concentration of harmful substances is greater than the second preset value, the two-way fan is started to rotate forward to blow air into the main ventilation duct, the opening and closing device at the corresponding position is controlled to open the first vent, and the corresponding airflow adjustment device is controlled to introduce the airflow into the second vent.

[0038] Furthermore, if the smoke and fire detection module detects a fire:

[0039] Open two adjacent water mist devices at corresponding positions to spray into the tunnel for smoke and fire isolation, so that an independent area corresponding to the first ventilation opening is formed between the two adjacent water mist devices;

[0040] Start the two-way fan to reverse and blow air out of the main ventilation duct;

[0041] The corresponding opening and closing device is controlled to open the first vent, and the corresponding airflow regulating device is controlled to guide the airflow out of the second vent.

[0042] Furthermore, the monitoring device also includes an alarm module for performing alarm processing when the concentration of harmful substances exceeds the warning value or a fire occurs.

[0043] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0044] (1) The present invention integrates the ventilation system for daily ventilation with the smoke exhaust system after a fire occurs, thereby realizing precise ventilation and smoke exhaust in a certain area of ​​the tunnel, which can effectively improve the accumulation of motor vehicle exhaust and fire smoke in the tunnel and ensure the operational safety of the tunnel.

[0045] (2) When the traffic volume in the tunnel does not reach the preset range, the opening and closing device and the air flow regulating device can be controlled to selectively close the vents in the tunnel and the main ventilation duct, thereby reducing the energy consumption required to maintain the safe operation of the tunnel and reducing the cost of safe operation.

[0046] (3) When harmful substances accumulate in a certain area of ​​the tunnel, the present invention can control the direction of the airflow generated by the bidirectional fan and the amount of air entering the ventilation duct, and can control the airflow regulating device to selectively close the vents corresponding to other areas, and guide the generated airflow to blow into the area where harmful substances accumulate in the desired direction, and can control the amount of air blown into the area, thereby achieving efficient and precise ventilation of a certain area in the tunnel.

[0047] (4) Multiple water mist devices are installed in the tunnel. When a fire occurs in a certain section of the tunnel, high-pressure water mist can be formed through the water mist device to block the fire and smoke, achieve precise smoke exhaust in the fire outbreak area, reduce the losses caused by the fire in the tunnel, control the fire, and effectively reduce casualties.

[0048] (5) Multiple monitoring devices are installed in the tunnel, and they work together with the airflow adjustment device, the opening and closing device, and the water mist device to achieve precise ventilation and precise smoke exhaust, improve ventilation efficiency, and ensure safe operation in the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 It is a front view of the structure of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the main ventilation duct of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the opening and closing device in the tunnel of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the ball screw of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the retractable long board of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the opening of the ventilation openings in the tunnel when the traffic volume in the tunnel is small according to the present invention;

[0058] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the opening of the vents in the main ventilation duct when the traffic volume in the tunnel of the present invention is small;

[0059] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure when harmful substances are accumulated in the tunnel of the present invention;

[0060] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the situation in a tunnel when a sudden fire occurs in the tunnel of the present invention;

[0061] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when a sudden fire occurs in a tunnel.

[0062] Corresponding marking names in the accompanying drawings: 1-tunnel, 12-inner wall of the tunnel, 13-opening and closing device, 131-movable baffle, 132-slide rail, 133-pulley, 14-water mist device, 141-high-pressure water mist spray pipe, 142-water connecting pipe, 143-automatic control valve, 15-monitoring device, 2-main ventilation duct, 21-two-way fan, 22-air flow adjustment device, 221-linear transmission assembly, 222-drive motor, 223-retractable long board, 3-connecting ventilation duct, 31-first ventilation port, 32-second ventilation port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "opening", "upper", "lower", "thickness", "top", "middle", "length", "inside", "all around" and the like indicating orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0065] like Figure 1-12 A movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side exhaust is shown, comprising:

[0066] The main ventilation duct 2 is arranged outside the top of the inner wall of the tunnel 1 and extends along the direction of the tunnel 1, and its end is closed;

[0067] A plurality of connecting ventilation passages 3 are provided with a first ventilation opening 31 communicating with the tunnel 1 at one end, and a second ventilation opening 32 communicating with the main ventilation passage 2 at the other end.

[0068] The bidirectional fan 21 is arranged at the starting end of the main ventilation duct 2, and specifically an axial flow fan can be selected.

[0069] A plurality of airflow regulating devices 22 are installed inside the main ventilation duct 2 and correspond to the positions of the second ventilation openings 32 , and are used to control the direction and volume of airflow passing through the airflow regulating devices 22 ; the number of the airflow regulating devices 22 can be determined according to the number of the second ventilation openings 32 .

[0070] A plurality of opening and closing devices 13 are installed at the first vents 31 to control the opening or closing of the first vents 31 . The number of the opening and closing devices 13 is determined according to the number of the first vents 31 .

[0071] A plurality of water mist devices 14 are distributed at the top of the tunnel 1 along the direction of the tunnel 1 and are used to spray into the tunnel 1 for smoke and fire isolation, so that an independent area corresponding to the first ventilation opening 31 is formed between two adjacent water mist devices 14 .

[0072] The airflow regulating device 22, the opening and closing device 13 and the water mist device 14 can all be controlled by the background control center to achieve intelligent control.

[0073] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the airflow adjustment device 22 includes:

[0074] Two sets of linear transmission components 221 are distributed on both sides of the second vent 32 along the direction of the main ventilation duct 2, and the linear motion direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the main ventilation duct 2;

[0075] The two ends of the retractable long plate 223 are respectively connected to two sets of linear transmission components 221;

[0076] The driving motor 222 is drivingly connected to the linear transmission component 221 .

[0077] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the retractable long board 223 is composed of a plurality of strips hinged in sequence. The retractable long board 223 adopts a strip structure design similar to that of a rolling door panel, and is composed of a plurality of strips connected by hinges. The steel material is selected, and has high strength, tensile resistance and bendability. This design ensures that the retractable long board 223 is flexible and retractable, and can stretch and shrink when subjected to force, to ensure the use requirements.

[0078] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, each set of linear transmission components 221 includes two ball screws perpendicular to the length direction of the main ventilation duct 2, and a workbench is installed in the middle of the ball screws; the four corners of the retractable long plate 223 are respectively connected to the workbench on the ball screws.

[0079] When precise ventilation is required for a certain area in the tunnel 1, the background control center controls the wind vector control device 22 of the second ventilation port 32 corresponding to the area, drives the workbench on the linear transmission assembly 221 to move, obtains the required angle formed by the retractable long plate 223 and the inner wall of the main ventilation duct 2, thereby adjusting the airflow direction generated by the two-way fan 21, and controls the movement of the workbench on the linear transmission assembly 221 of the remaining airflow adjustment devices 22, so that the retractable long plate 223 and the second ventilation port 32 are closed, thereby achieving the goal of blowing all the air volume generated by the two-way fan 21 into the required area.

[0080] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the opening and closing device 13 includes:

[0081] The upper and lower slide rails 132 are installed above and below the first vent 31 along the direction of the tunnel 1;

[0082] A movable baffle 131 is slidably mounted on two slide rails 132 to control the opening or closing of the first vent 31;

[0083] The movable baffle 131 is connected to the slide rail 132 via a pulley 133 .

[0084] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the water mist device 14 includes:

[0085] A high-pressure water mist spraying pipe 141 is used to spray downward to form high-pressure water mist for smoke and fire isolation;

[0086] The automatic control valve 143 is installed at the water inlet of the high-pressure water mist spraying pipe 141 and is used to control the opening or closing of the high-pressure water mist spraying pipe 141;

[0087] The water receiving pipe 142 is connected to the water supply pipe and is used to supply water to the high-pressure water mist spraying pipe 141 .

[0088] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a plurality of monitoring devices 15, which are connected to the background control center for communication and installed at the first vent 31. The monitoring devices 15 specifically include:

[0089] A concentration detection module, used to detect the concentration of harmful substances at the first ventilation opening 31;

[0090] A smoke and fire detection module, used for detecting the fire situation at the first ventilation opening 31;

[0091] The data acquisition module is used to collect the detection results of the concentration detection module and the smoke and fire detection module and feed them back to the data processing module;

[0092] The data processing module is used to analyze the data from the data acquisition module and feed back the analysis results to the background control center through the communication module.

[0093] As a specific implementation of the present invention, the following situations are specifically included:

[0094] If the concentration of harmful substances is less than or equal to the first preset value, it means that the traffic volume in the tunnel 1 is small and the concentration of harmful substances in the tunnel 1 is low. The two-way fan 21 is started to rotate forward to blow air into the main ventilation duct 2, and the opening and closing devices 13 are controlled to open the first ventilation opening 31 at intervals, and the corresponding air flow adjustment devices 22 are controlled to introduce the air flow into the second ventilation opening 32; the air flow adjustment device 22 corresponding to the second ventilation opening 32 for air intake controls the retractable long plate 223 to move to the outermost inner wall of the main ventilation duct 2, and the air flow adjustment devices 22 corresponding to the other second ventilation openings 32 for air intake control the retractable long plate 223 to move to the position of the second ventilation opening 32, so that the second ventilation opening 32 is closed, such as Fig. 9 As shown; in the tunnel 1, the first vents 31 are closed at intervals by the opening and closing device 13, the first vents 31 corresponding to the connected air ducts 3 for air intake are opened, and the vents 3 corresponding to the connected air ducts 31 for non-air intake are closed by the opening and closing device 13 in this area, and the movable baffle 131 is moved on the slide rail 132 by the pulley 133, so that the first vents 31 are closed.

[0095] If the concentration of harmful substances is greater than the first preset value and less than or equal to the second preset value, that is, the traffic volume in the tunnel 1 is within the preset range, the two-way fan 21 is started to rotate forward to blow air into the main ventilation duct 2, all the opening and closing devices 13 are controlled to open the first vent 31, and the corresponding airflow regulating devices 22 are controlled to introduce the airflow into the second vent 32, that is, the airflow regulating devices 22 in the main ventilation duct 2 all move the position of the retractable long plate 223 to the outermost part of the main ventilation duct 2, so that air can enter the second vent 32.

[0096] If the concentration of harmful substances is greater than the second preset value, it means that harmful substances have accumulated in the tunnel 1. When it is monitored that the concentration of harmful substances in the corresponding area is too high, the two-way fan 21 is started to rotate forward to blow air into the main ventilation duct 2, and the opening and closing device 13 at the corresponding position is controlled to open the first ventilation port 31, and the corresponding air flow adjustment device 22 is controlled to introduce the air flow into the second ventilation port 32; the air flow adjustment device 22 corresponding to the area where the concentration of harmful substances is too high drives the workbench on the linear transmission component 221 to move through the driving motor 222, adjusts the position of the retractable long plate 223, and forms a certain angle between the retractable long plate 223 and the corresponding second ventilation port 32; the air flow adjustment device 22 corresponding to the remaining areas moves the position of the retractable long plate 223 to the second ventilation port 32, and closes all the second ventilation ports 32 corresponding to the remaining areas. Fig.10 As shown, the airflow generated by the two-way fan 21 is completely introduced into the harmful substance accumulation area, so as to achieve precise ventilation, improve ventilation efficiency, and reduce the loss of the two-way fan 21; at the same time, the first ventilation openings 31 corresponding to the areas with excessively high concentrations of harmful substances are opened, and the opening and closing devices 13 corresponding to the remaining areas are controlled by the tunnel backstage control center, and the movable baffle 131 is controlled to move on the slide rail 132 through the pulley 133, so that the first ventilation openings 31 corresponding to the remaining areas are closed, thereby achieving precise ventilation in the tunnel 1.

[0097] As a specific implementation of the present invention, if the smoke and fire detection module detects a fire:

[0098] Two adjacent water mist devices 14 at corresponding positions are turned on to form high-pressure fine water mist to block the fire and smoke in the area, so that an independent area corresponding to the first ventilation opening 31 is formed between the two adjacent water mist devices 14 .

[0099] The two-way fan 21 is started to reverse to blow air out of the main ventilation duct 2, so that the main ventilation duct 2 is transformed into a main smoke exhaust duct, the even ventilation duct 3 is also transformed into a smoke exhaust duct, and the second ventilation port 32 is transformed into a smoke exhaust port.

[0100] The corresponding opening and closing device 13 is controlled to open the first vent 31, and the corresponding airflow adjustment device 22 is controlled to guide the airflow out of the second vent 32, and the position of the corresponding retractable long plate 223 is adjusted so that the retractable long plate 223 forms a certain angle with the corresponding second vent 32. The airflow adjustment device 22 corresponding to the remaining areas adjusts the position of its retractable long plate 223 to the corresponding second vent 32, so as to close the second vent 32 corresponding to the remaining areas. Fig.11 and 12 As shown, the smoke generated by sudden fire in the tunnel can be accurately discharged, so that the tunnel 1 can discharge the smoke as quickly as possible in a short time and resume safe operation.

[0101] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring device 15 also includes an alarm module for performing an alarm process when the concentration of harmful substances exceeds a warning value or a fire occurs.

[0102] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0103] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side discharge, characterized by: include: A main ventilation duct (2) is arranged outside the top of the inner wall of the tunnel (1) and extends along the direction of the tunnel (1), with its end being closed; A plurality of connecting ventilation ducts (3), one end of which is provided with a first ventilation opening (31) connected to the tunnel (1), and the other end of which is provided with a second ventilation opening (32) connected to the main ventilation duct (2); A bidirectional fan (21) is arranged at the starting end of the main ventilation duct (2); A plurality of airflow regulating devices (22) are installed inside the main ventilation duct (2) and correspond to the positions of the second ventilation openings (32) to control the direction and volume of airflow passing through the airflow regulating devices (22); A plurality of opening and closing devices (13) are installed at the first vent (31) and are used to control the opening or closing of the first vent (31); A plurality of water mist devices (14) are distributed at the top of the tunnel (1) along the direction of the tunnel (1) and are used to spray into the tunnel (1) for smoke and fire isolation, so that an independent area corresponding to the first ventilation opening (31) is formed between the lower parts of two adjacent water mist devices (14).

2. According to claim 1, a movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side discharge is characterized in that: The airflow regulating device (22) comprises: Two groups of linear transmission components (221) are distributed on both sides of the second ventilation opening (32) along the direction of the main ventilation duct (2), and the linear motion direction is perpendicular to the length direction of the main ventilation duct (2); The two ends of the retractable long plate (223) are respectively connected to two sets of linear transmission components (221); The driving motor (222) is drivingly connected to the linear transmission component (221).

3. The movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side discharge according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The retractable long board (223) is composed of a plurality of strips hinged in sequence.

4. The movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side discharge according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Each set of linear transmission components (221) comprises two ball screws perpendicular to the length direction of the main ventilation duct (2), and a workbench is installed in the middle of the ball screws; the four corners of the retractable long plate (223) are respectively connected to the workbench on the ball screws.

5. The movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side discharge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The opening and closing device (13) comprises: Two upper and lower slide rails (132) are installed above and below the first ventilation opening (31) along the direction of the tunnel (1); A movable baffle (131) is slidably mounted on two slide rails (132) and is used to control the opening or closing of the first vent (31); The movable baffle (131) and the slide rail (132) are connected via a pulley (133).

6. The movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side discharge according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water mist device (14) comprises: A high-pressure water mist spraying pipe (141) is used to spray downward to form high-pressure water mist for smoke and fire isolation; An automatic control valve (143) is installed at the water inlet of the high-pressure water mist spraying pipe (141) and is used to control the opening or closing of the high-pressure water mist spraying pipe (141); The water receiving pipe (142) is connected to the water supply pipe and is used to supply water to the high-pressure water mist spraying pipe (141).

7. A movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side discharge according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of monitoring devices (15) which are connected to the background control center for communication and installed at the first vent (31). The monitoring devices (15) specifically include: A concentration detection module, used for detecting the concentration of harmful substances at the first ventilation opening (31); A smoke and fire detection module, used for detecting a fire situation at the first ventilation opening (31); The data acquisition module is used to collect the detection results of the concentration detection module and the smoke and fire detection module and feed them back to the data processing module; The data processing module is used to analyze the data from the data acquisition module and feed back the analysis results to the background control center through the communication module.

8. The movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side discharge according to claim 7 is characterized in that: If the concentration of harmful substances is less than or equal to a first preset value, the bidirectional fan (21) is started to rotate forward to blow air into the main ventilation duct (2), a plurality of opening and closing devices (13) are controlled to open the first ventilation opening (31) at intervals, and corresponding airflow adjustment devices (22) are controlled to introduce airflow into the second ventilation opening (32); If the concentration of harmful substances is greater than a first preset value and less than or equal to a second preset value, the bidirectional fan (21) is started to rotate forward to blow air into the main ventilation duct (2), all the opening and closing devices (13) are controlled to open the first ventilation port (31), and the corresponding airflow adjustment device (22) is controlled to introduce airflow into the second ventilation port (32); If the concentration of harmful substances is greater than a second preset value, the bidirectional fan (21) is started to rotate forward to blow air into the main ventilation duct (2), the opening and closing device (13) at the corresponding position is controlled to open the first ventilation port (31), and the corresponding airflow adjustment device (22) is controlled to introduce airflow into the second ventilation port (32).

9. The movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side discharge according to claim 7 is characterized in that: If the smoke and fire detection module detects a fire: Opening two adjacent water mist devices (14) at corresponding positions to spray into the tunnel (1) to isolate smoke and fire, so that an independent area corresponding to the first ventilation opening (31) is formed between the two adjacent water mist devices (14); Starting the bidirectional fan (21) to reverse and blow air out of the main ventilation duct (2); The corresponding opening and closing device (13) is controlled to open the first ventilation opening (31), and the corresponding airflow regulating device (22) is controlled to guide the airflow out of the second ventilation opening (32).

10. The movable ventilation and smoke exhaust system for tunnel side exhaust according to claim 7, characterized in that: The monitoring device (15) also includes an alarm module, which is used to perform an alarm process when the concentration of harmful substances exceeds the warning value or a fire occurs.

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