Method, device and equipment for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording

Abstract

The invention discloses a method, device and equipment for suppressing bubble noise in near-field records, and the method comprises the steps: extracting passive gather data from original seismic data based on the corresponding relation between shot points and detection points; selecting seismic data of the same receiving point from the passive gather data of the single shot to form a plurality of passive receiving profiles; carrying out time difference correction on the plurality of passive receiving profiles, and superposing the corrected passive receiving profiles to obtain passive gather superposition data of a single shot; overlapping the passive gather overlapping data excited by all the shot points to obtain passive overlapping section data corresponding to the near-field records obtained by excitation of all the shot points; selecting a seabed structure-free area in the stacked section as bubble noise model data; and based on the passive stack profile data and the bubble noise model data, determining a stack profile after bubble noise suppression. The method can effectively suppress bubble noise in near-field records, does not damage effective signals, and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and in particular to a method, a device and equipment for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording. Background Art

[0002] In marine seismic data acquisition, the airgun array on the source ship is alternately excited, and the near-field recording is divided into active and passive. The data that is excited by itself and received by itself is active data, and the data that is excited by one group and received by another group is passive data. In previous seismic exploration, active data is usually used to simulate far-field wavelets to provide the required wavelets for subsequent seismic data processing; passive data is only used to monitor the status of the airgun, rather than treating and processing it as usable seismic data.

[0003] The data processing of near-field records is different from that of conventional seismic data. Since the detector is very close to the air gun during data acquisition, it only has near-track data, which has obvious advantages for shallow layer imaging. In recent years, people have gradually realized the importance of near-field records and strengthened the research on near-field record processing methods and means. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to suppress noise data such as bubbles in near-field recording and effectively improve the data signal-to-noise ratio to increase the selection space, a method, device and apparatus for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording are provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording, which may include:

[0006] Based on the correspondence between shot points and receiver points, passive gather data are extracted from the original seismic data;

[0007] Selecting seismic data of the same receiving point from the passive gather data of a single shot to form a plurality of passive receiving profiles;

[0008] Performing time difference correction on the plurality of passive receiving profiles to superimpose the corrected passive receiving profiles to obtain passive gather superposition data of the single shot;

[0009] The passive gather stacking data excited by all shot points are stacked to obtain the passive stacking profile data corresponding to the near-field records excited by all shot points;

[0010] selecting an area without seafloor structure in the stacked section as bubble noise model data;

[0011] Based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data, a stacking profile after suppressing the bubble noise is determined.

[0012] Optionally, selecting an area without seabed structures in the stacked section as bubble noise model data may include:

[0013] Selecting an area without seabed structure in the stacked section, and stacking the trace data of the area to obtain a single-channel bubble noise model;

[0014] The single-channel bubble noise model is expanded based on the channel values ​​of the passive stacking profile data to obtain the bubble noise model data.

[0015] Optionally, the expanding the single-channel bubble noise model may include: copying the single-channel bubble noise model by the channel value times to obtain the bubble noise model data.

[0016] Optionally, the step of extracting passive gather data from the original seismic data based on the correspondence between shot points and receiver points may include:

[0017] Based on the correspondence between the shot points and the detection points, assigning a correspondence attribute to the header words of the original seismic data in advance;

[0018] Based on the attribute assignment of the trace header character, passive trace gather data are extracted from the original seismic data.

[0019] Optionally, determining the stacking profile after suppressing the bubble noise based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data may include:

[0020] Based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data, adaptive matching subtraction is performed to subtract the bubble noise model data from the passive stacking profile data to determine a stacking profile after suppressing the bubble noise;

[0021] The adaptive matching subtraction method includes at least one of the following: least squares adaptive subtraction method, pattern recognition adaptive subtraction method, and Curvelet adaptive subtraction method.

[0022] Optionally, before determining the superimposed profile after suppressing the bubble noise, the following step may also be included:

[0023] The passive stacking profile data is subjected to low-cut filtering to remove strong low-frequency interference data in the passive stacking profile data.

[0024] Optionally, the method may further include: extracting shot point / detection point information files respectively from the marine seismic exploration auxiliary data to determine the correspondence between the shot points and the detection points; the correspondence includes: an active correspondence and a passive correspondence.

[0025] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for shallow layer imaging based on near-field recording, which may include:

[0026] Shallow layer imaging based on stacked sections after suppressing bubble noise;

[0027] The superimposed profile after suppressing the bubble noise is obtained by suppressing the bubble noise in the acquired near-field recording using the method for suppressing the bubble noise in the near-field recording as described in the first aspect.

[0028] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording, which may include:

[0029] An extraction module is used to extract passive gather data from the original seismic data based on the correspondence between shot points and receiver points;

[0030] A profile forming module, used for selecting seismic data of the same receiving point from the passive gather data of a single shot to form a plurality of passive receiving profiles;

[0031] A correction module, used for performing time difference correction on the plurality of passive receiving profiles;

[0032] A stacking module is used to stack the corrected passive receiving profiles to obtain the passive gather stacking data of the single shot; and to stack the passive gather stacking data of all shot point excitations to obtain the passive stacking profile data corresponding to the near field records obtained by all shot point excitations;

[0033] A selection module, used for selecting an area without seafloor structure in the stacked section as bubble noise model data;

[0034] A determination module is used to determine the stacking profile after suppressing the bubble noise based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data.

[0035] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for shallow layer imaging based on near-field recording, which may include:

[0036] An imaging module for shallow layer imaging based on stacked sections after suppressing bubble noise;

[0037] The superimposed profile after suppressing the bubble noise is obtained by suppressing the bubble noise in the acquired near-field recording using the method for suppressing the bubble noise in the near-field recording as described in the first aspect.

[0038] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording as described in the first aspect, or implements the method for shallow imaging based on near-field recording as described in the second aspect.

[0039] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the method for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording as described in the first aspect is implemented, or the method for shallow imaging based on near-field recording as described in the second aspect is implemented.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0041] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method, device and apparatus for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recordings. The method may include: firstly selecting a data portion with obvious bubble contrast from passive gather data in the near-field recordings for superposition to obtain a bubble noise model, and then determining a superposition profile after suppressing the bubble noise based on the superposition profile data and the bubble noise model. The method can effectively suppress the bubble noise in the near-field recordings, and does not damage the effective signal during the suppression process, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data.

[0042] Furthermore, the near-field recorded data is no longer just used to simulate far-field wavelets and monitor the status of airguns, but the near-field records are also used as useful signals for shallow layer imaging to obtain high-precision offset imaging, laying the foundation for subsequent ocean data processing.

[0043] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2A specific flow chart of the method for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is an example of raw single shot data of near-field recording provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 For Figure 3 Passive gather data extracted from

[0050] Figure 5 The passive receiving profile of the extraction receiving point 1 provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 The passive receiving profile of the extraction receiving point 2 provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 The passive receiving profile of the extraction receiving point 3 provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 Passive stacking profile data corresponding to the near-field records obtained by all shot point excitations provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Fig. 9 The bubble noise model data provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Fig.10 The passive receiving profile after low-cut filtering provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Fig.11 The superimposed cross section after suppressing the bubble noise provided in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording provided in the first embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0059] Embodiment 1

[0060] After analyzing a large amount of data, the inventor found that the close-range reception of near-field recording also causes serious noise such as bubbles in the recording. There is no record of related technology to suppress the bubble noise in the prior art, which leads to defects in near-field recording when performing shallow imaging. Therefore, suppressing bubble noise is a basic and key step in near-field data processing, which can effectively improve the data signal-to-noise ratio and provide guarantee for the subsequent suppression of multiple waves. In order to suppress the bubble noise in the near-field recording, a method for suppressing the bubble noise in the near-field recording is provided in the first embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 1 As shown, the method may include the following steps:

[0061] Step S11: Extract passive gather data from the original seismic data based on the correspondence between shot points and detection points.

[0062] Step S12: Select seismic data of the same receiving point from the passive gather data of a single shot to form multiple passive receiving profiles.

[0063] Step S13, performing time difference correction on multiple passive receiving profiles to superimpose the corrected passive receiving profiles to obtain passive gather superposition data of a single shot.

[0064] Step S14, superimposing the passive gather stacking data excited by all shot points to obtain passive stacking profile data corresponding to the near-field records excited by all shot points.

[0065] Step S15: Select an area without seabed structure in the stacked section as bubble noise model data.

[0066] Step S16: Determine the stacking profile after suppressing the bubble noise based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data.

[0067] The method for suppressing bubble noise in the above-mentioned near-field recording provided in an embodiment of the present invention first selects the data part with obvious bubble imaging from the passive gather data in the near-field recording for superposition to obtain a bubble noise model, and then determines the superposition profile after suppressing the bubble noise based on the superposition profile data and the bubble noise model. This method can effectively suppress the bubble noise in the near-field recording, and does not damage the effective signal during the suppression process, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, referring to Figure 2 As shown, the method for suppressing bubble noise in the above-mentioned near-field recording may specifically include the following steps:

[0069] Step S20, extracting shot point / detection point information files from the marine seismic exploration auxiliary data to determine the correspondence between shot points and detection points; the correspondence includes: active correspondence and passive correspondence.

[0070] This step first extracts information files of shot points and receiver points from the auxiliary data of offshore seismic exploration (e.g., P1 / 90 format files). The information files in this embodiment include but are not limited to: coordinate information of shot points / receiver points, and the relationship between shot points / receiver points. The relationship between shot points / receiver points is: when a shot point is excited, the receiver point on the corresponding channel of the airgun array where the shot point is located receives it, that is, the shot point / receiver point is an active correspondence relationship; if the shot point is excited, but the receiver point on the corresponding channel of the airgun array where the shot point is located is not received, that is, the shot point / receiver point is a passive correspondence relationship.

[0071] For example, there are two air gun arrays. If the gun points in the left air gun array are excited and the detection points in the left air gun array are received, it is an active channel gather (active correspondence); if the gun points in the left air gun array are excited and the detection points in the right air gun array are received, it is a passive channel gather (passive correspondence).

[0072] Reference Figure 3 As shown, it is an original single-shot data recorded in the near field, where the gun array consists of 18 guns, corresponding to 18 near-field records, of which 1-18 are active data and 19-36 are passive data.

[0073] Step S21: Extract passive gather data from the original seismic data based on the correspondence between shot points and detection points.

[0074] In this step, firstly, the corresponding relationship attributes of the header characters of the original seismic data can be assigned in advance based on the corresponding relationship between the shot points and the detection points; and then, based on the attribute assignment of the header characters, the passive channel gather data can be extracted from the original seismic data. In specific implementation, the active correspondence and the passive correspondence can assign the relationship attributes of the header characters. When the shot point / detection point is an active correspondence, the marks of the shot point and the detection point are the same, and the relationship attribute assignment on the header character can be 1; when the shot point / detection point is a passive correspondence, the marks of the shot point and the detection point are different, and the relationship attribute assignment on the header character can be 0, so that the computer can quickly identify it during extraction, so as to quickly extract the required passive channel gather data. Reference Figure 4 As shown in this step Figure 3 Passive gather data are extracted from raw seismic data.

[0075] Step S22: Select seismic data of the same receiving point from the passive gather data of a single shot to form multiple passive receiving profiles.

[0076] This step is to generate a passive receiving profile in preparation for the subsequent stacking to form a passive stacking profile. In the specific implementation, the seismic data of the same receiving point are selected in sequence to form the passive receiving profile corresponding to the receiving point. Figure 5 As shown, it is the passive receiving profile of the extracted receiving point 1; Figure 6 As shown, it is the passive receiving profile of the extracted receiving point 2; Figure 7 The figure shows the passive receiving profile of the extracted receiving point 3. Figure 5 to Figure 7 As shown in the figure, due to the offset, there are slight time differences in the passive receiving profiles of each receiving point, so normal time difference correction is required.

[0077] Step S23, performing time difference correction on multiple passive receiving profiles to superimpose the corrected passive receiving profiles to obtain passive gather superposition data of a single shot.

[0078] It should be noted that the method for performing time difference correction on the above passive receiving profile in this step can be performed by any technical means of time difference correction in the prior art, and the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit this. For example, the time difference correction is performed by the following formula (1):

[0079]

[0080] Where i is the near-field detector serial number, i = 1, 2, ..., n, n is the number of near-field detectors. t0 is the first arrival time of the detector point at the center of the gun array, x i is the horizontal distance from the detection point to the center of the gun array, x0 is the shortest horizontal distance from all detection points to the center of the gun array, h is the vertical distance from the detection point to the center of the gun array, generally 1m; v is the seawater velocity, t i ′ is the time difference after correction.

[0081] Then, multiple passive receiving profiles after time difference correction are superimposed to form the passive gather superposition data of a single shot. For details, refer to formula (2) for superposition processing:

[0082]

[0083] Where i is the near-field detector number, j is the time number of the near-field recording, and d ij is the near-field record before superposition, d j It is the superimposed data.

[0084] Step S24, superimposing the passive gather stacking data excited by all shot points to obtain passive stacking profile data corresponding to the near-field records excited by all shot points.

[0085] In this step, the above step S23 is repeated for the near-field records obtained by all shot point excitations, and then the passive stacking profile data corresponding to the near-field records obtained by all shot point excitations are obtained by superposition. Figure 8 As shown, it is the passive stacking profile data corresponding to the near-field records obtained by exciting all shot points.

[0086] Step S25: Select an area without seabed structure in the stacked section as bubble noise model data.

[0087] Firstly, an area without seabed structure is selected in the stacked profile, and the channel data of this area are superimposed to obtain a single-channel bubble noise model; the purpose of selecting the above-mentioned area is to generate a stable and accurate bubble noise model channel. In this step, superposition can make the same-direction signal more stable and improve the overall signal-to-noise ratio of the data; then, based on the channel values ​​of the passive stacked profile data, the single-channel bubble noise model is expanded to obtain the bubble noise model data.

[0088] In a specific implementation, the expansion of the single-channel bubble noise model may include: copying the single-channel bubble noise model a number of times to obtain bubble noise model data. For example, if the number of channels of the passive stacking profile data is m, then copying it m times will obtain bubble noise model data, and there is no valid seismic signal in the model, which is all noise data. Fig. 9 As shown, the final bubble noise model data is obtained.

[0089] Step S26: Perform low-cut filtering on the passive stacking profile data to remove strong low-frequency interference data in the passive stacking profile data.

[0090] This step uses a low-cut filter to perform filtering to remove strong low-frequency noise such as surges. For example, refer to the following formula (3) for filtering:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, f0 is the cut-off frequency. Low-cut filtering generally uses 2Hz, that is, filtering out noise less than 2Hz.

[0093] Reference Fig.10 The passive receiving profile after low-cut filtering is shown. Figures 5 to 8 In comparison, low-frequency interference is obviously suppressed (vertical line waveform in the figure) without damaging the effective signal.

[0094] It should be noted that this step may be performed before step S25, after step S25, or simultaneously with step S25, as long as the low-cut filtering process is implemented before step S27. The embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit this.

[0095] Step S27: Determine the stacking profile after suppressing the bubble noise based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data.

[0096] This step is to apply the adaptive matching subtraction method to subtract the bubble noise model from the passive stacking data to obtain the data after the bubbles are suppressed. Specifically, it can be based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data, to perform adaptive matching subtraction to subtract the bubble noise model data from the passive stacking profile data to determine the stacking profile after the bubble noise is suppressed; wherein, the adaptive matching subtraction method can include at least one of the following: least squares adaptive subtraction method, pattern recognition adaptive subtraction method, Curvelet adaptive subtraction method. The specific use of the above-mentioned adaptive subtraction method in the embodiment of the present invention can refer to the means recorded in the prior art, and the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit this.

[0097] Reference Fig.11 The figure shows the superimposed cross section after suppressing the bubble noise. Fig.11 and Figures 5 to 8 and Fig.10 By comparison, it can be seen that the periodic bubble noise is significantly suppressed ( Fig.11 In the figure, the horizontal lines near 200 / 400 / 600ms represent that the bubble noise data is obviously suppressed without damaging the effective signal.

[0098] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording, referring to Fig.12 As shown, the device may include: an extraction module 11, a profile forming module 12, a correction module 13, a superposition module 14, a selection module 15 and a determination module 16, and its working principle is as follows:

[0099] The extraction module 11 is used to extract passive gather data from the original seismic data based on the correspondence between shot points and detection points;

[0100] The profile forming module 12 is used to select seismic data of the same receiving point from the passive gather data of a single shot to form a plurality of passive receiving profiles;

[0101] The correction module 13 is used to perform time difference correction on multiple passive receiving profiles;

[0102] The stacking module 14 is used to stack the corrected passive receiving profiles to obtain passive gather stacking data of a single shot; and to stack the passive gather stacking data of all shots to obtain passive stacking profile data corresponding to the near-field records excited by all shots;

[0103] The selection module 15 is used to select an area without seafloor structure in the stacked section as bubble noise model data;

[0104] The determination module 16 is used to determine the stacking profile after suppressing the bubble noise based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data.

[0105] In an optional embodiment, the selection module 15 is specifically used to: select an area without seabed structure in the stacked section, and stack the trace data of the area to obtain a single-channel bubble noise model;

[0106] The single-channel bubble noise model is expanded based on the channel values ​​of the passive stacking profile data to obtain the bubble noise model data.

[0107] More specifically, the selection module 15 is further used to copy the single-channel bubble noise model by the channel value times to obtain the bubble noise model data.

[0108] In another optional embodiment, the extraction module 11 is specifically used for: pre-assigning corresponding relationship attributes to the header characters of the original seismic data based on the corresponding relationship between the shot points and the detection points; and extracting passive channel gather data from the original seismic data based on the attribute assignment of the header characters.

[0109] In another optional embodiment, the determination module 16 is specifically used to: perform adaptive matching subtraction based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data to subtract the bubble noise model data from the passive stacking profile data to determine the stacking profile after suppressing the bubble noise; wherein the adaptive matching subtraction method includes at least one of the following: least squares adaptive subtraction method, pattern recognition adaptive subtraction method, Curvelet adaptive subtraction method.

[0110] In another alternative embodiment, referring to Fig.12 As shown, the device may further include: a filtering module 17, the filtering module 17 is used to perform low-cut filtering on the passive stacking profile data to remove strong low-frequency interference data in the passive stacking profile data.

[0111] In another alternative embodiment, referring to Fig.12 As shown, the device may also include: an extraction module 10, which is used to extract shot point / detection point information files from the marine seismic exploration auxiliary data to determine the correspondence between the shot points and the detection points; the correspondence includes: an active correspondence and a passive correspondence.

[0112] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the method for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording is implemented.

[0113] Based on the same inventive concept, a computer device is also provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the method for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording is implemented.

[0114] The principles of the problems solved by the above-mentioned devices, media, and related equipment in the embodiments of the present invention are similar to those of the above-mentioned methods, so their implementation can refer to the implementation of the above-mentioned methods, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0115] Embodiment 2

[0116] In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for shallow imaging based on near-field recording is provided, and the method may include: performing shallow imaging based on superimposed sections after suppressing bubble noise; wherein the superimposed sections after suppressing bubble noise are obtained by suppressing the bubble noise in the acquired near-field recording using the method for suppressing bubble noise in the near-field recording in the above-mentioned embodiment one.

[0117] In the above method provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the near-field recording data is no longer only used to simulate the far-field wavelet and monitor the airgun status, but also the near-field recording is used as a useful signal to perform shallow layer imaging to obtain high-precision offset imaging, which lays a foundation for the later ocean data processing.

[0118] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for shallow imaging based on near-field recording, which may include: an imaging module, used to perform shallow imaging based on the superimposed profile after suppressing the bubble noise; wherein the superimposed profile after suppressing the bubble noise is obtained by suppressing the bubble noise in the acquired near-field recording using the method for suppressing the bubble noise in the near-field recording in the above-mentioned embodiment one.

[0119] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the method for shallow imaging based on near-field recording is implemented.

[0120] Based on the same inventive concept, a computer device is also provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the method for shallow imaging based on near-field recording is implemented.

[0121] The principles of the problems solved by the above-mentioned devices, media, and related equipment in the embodiments of the present invention are similar to those of the above-mentioned methods, so their implementation can refer to the implementation of the above-mentioned methods, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0122] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage and optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0123] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0124] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0125] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0126] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording, characterized in that: include: Based on the correspondence between shot points and receiver points, passive gather data are extracted from the original seismic data; Selecting seismic data of the same receiving point from the passive gather data of a single shot to form a plurality of passive receiving profiles; Performing time difference correction on the plurality of passive receiving profiles to superimpose the corrected passive receiving profiles to obtain passive gather superposition data of the single shot; The passive gather stacking data excited by all shot points are stacked to obtain the passive stacking profile data corresponding to the near-field records excited by all shot points; selecting an area without seafloor structure in the stacked section as bubble noise model data; Based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data, a stacking profile after suppressing the bubble noise is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of selecting an area without seafloor structures in the stacked section as bubble noise model data comprises: Selecting an area without seabed structure in the stacked section, and stacking the trace data of the area to obtain a single-channel bubble noise model; The single-channel bubble noise model is expanded based on the channel values ​​of the passive stacking profile data to obtain the bubble noise model data.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The expanding the single-channel bubble noise model includes: copying the single-channel bubble noise model by the channel value times to obtain the bubble noise model data.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The passive gather data are extracted from the original seismic data based on the correspondence between the shot points and the receiver points, including: Based on the correspondence between the shot points and the detection points, assigning a correspondence attribute to the header words of the original seismic data in advance; Based on the attribute assignment of the trace header character, passive trace gather data are extracted from the original seismic data.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the stacking profile after suppressing the bubble noise based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data comprises: Based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data, adaptive matching subtraction is performed to subtract the bubble noise model data from the passive stacking profile data to determine a stacking profile after suppressing the bubble noise; The adaptive matching subtraction method includes at least one of the following: least squares adaptive subtraction method, pattern recognition adaptive subtraction method, and Curvelet adaptive subtraction method.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before determining the superimposed profile after suppressing the bubble noise, the method further includes: The passive stacking profile data is subjected to low-cut filtering to remove strong low-frequency interference data in the passive stacking profile data.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Also includes: Extracting shot point / receiving point information files from the marine seismic exploration auxiliary data respectively to determine the corresponding relationship between the shot point and the receiving point; The corresponding relationship includes: an active corresponding relationship and a passive corresponding relationship.

8. A method for shallow layer imaging based on near-field recording, characterized in that: include: Shallow layer imaging based on stacked sections after suppressing bubble noise; The superimposed cross section after suppressing the bubble noise is obtained by suppressing the bubble noise in the acquired near-field recording using the method for suppressing the bubble noise in the near-field recording according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A device for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording, characterized in that: include: An extraction module is used to extract passive gather data from the original seismic data based on the correspondence between shot points and receiver points; A profile forming module, used for selecting seismic data of the same receiving point from the passive gather data of a single shot to form a plurality of passive receiving profiles; A correction module, used for performing time difference correction on the plurality of passive receiving profiles; A stacking module is used to stack the corrected passive receiving profiles to obtain passive gather stacking data of the single shot; And, superimposing the passive gather stacking data excited by all shot points to obtain the passive stacking profile data corresponding to the near-field records excited by all shot points; A selection module, used for selecting an area without seafloor structure in the stacked section as bubble noise model data; A determination module is used to determine the stacking profile after suppressing the bubble noise based on the passive stacking profile data and the bubble noise model data.

10. A device for shallow layer imaging based on near-field recording, characterized in that: include: An imaging module for shallow layer imaging based on stacked sections after suppressing bubble noise; The superimposed cross section after suppressing the bubble noise is obtained by suppressing the bubble noise in the acquired near-field recording using the method for suppressing the bubble noise in the near-field recording according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the method for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented, or the method for shallow imaging based on near-field recording according to claim 8 is implemented.

12. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the method for suppressing bubble noise in near-field recording according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented, or the method for performing shallow imaging based on near-field recording according to claim 8 is implemented.

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