Rainfall measurement calibrator, rainfall sensor and calibration method

Abstract

The invention discloses a rainfall measurement calibrator, a rainfall sensor and a calibration method, and relates to the technical field of rainfall sensors, a control box of the rainfall measurement calibrator is fixed on a base and is electrically connected with a weighing sensor, a self-priming pump and a peristaltic pump; a bracket is arranged at the top of the base, the weighing sensor is fixed on the bracket, and the water container is fixed on the weighing sensor; the self-priming pump is arranged above the bracket, a rotating seat is arranged on the bracket, the rainfall tipping bucket is rotatably connected with the rotating seat, and the peristaltic pump is fixed on the bracket. The rainfall sensor body is electrically connected with the rainfall measurement calibrator. According to the invention, the phenomenon that the rainfall sensor works with diseases can be greatly reduced or even eliminated, the quality of rainfall observation data is greatly enhanced, and accurate and reliable rainfall observation data are provided for weather forecast and flood-fighting and emergency rescue work; and meanwhile, the labor intensity of measurement guarantee personnel is reduced, and the efficiency of measurement work is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rainfall sensors, and in particular to a rainfall measurement calibrator, a rainfall sensor and a calibration method. Background Art

[0002] Rainfall is one of the important meteorological observation elements, and rain sensors are necessary instruments for monitoring rainstorms and flood disasters. At present, the mainstream rainfall (precipitation) observation in my country and even in the world mainly adopts tipping bucket rain sensors. The main features of this type of rain sensor are low cost, simple structure, and reliable operation. It is widely used in meteorological, hydrological and marine departments. Due to the mechanical tipping bucket rain sensor using the mechanical flip counting principle, coupled with the environmental factors of the instrument, it is very easy to cause instrument measurement indication errors due to mechanical displacement or debris blockage, especially in the long-term state of no precipitation, it is impossible to know whether the instrument is accurate or not. This results in the general observation of precipitation with errors, and the obtained rainfall is inaccurate.

[0003] Since rainfall is observed as a cumulative amount, it is often not easy to detect when a tipping bucket rain gauge produces a large measurement error during use. When the rainfall observation value is seriously deviated, the quality of rainstorm disaster forecasting and warning work will decline, causing loss of life and property.

[0004] Therefore, a rainfall measurement calibrator, a rainfall sensor and a calibration method have become problems that need to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rainfall measurement calibrator, a rainfall sensor and a calibration method, which can automatically calibrate the rainfall sensor before the rainy season or before and after a rainstorm. When the rainfall indication error exceeds the requirement, the instrument deviation is automatically adjusted to meet the requirement, so that the instrument can always be kept in a qualified measurement state, ensuring the accuracy of rainfall observation data, and ultimately achieving the purpose of reducing the loss of life and property of the masses.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: a rainfall measurement calibrator, comprising a base, a weighing sensor, a water container, a self-priming pump, a rainfall tipping bucket, a peristaltic pump and a control box, wherein the control box is fixed on the base and electrically connected to the weighing sensor, the self-priming pump and the peristaltic pump;

[0007] A bracket is provided on the top of the base, the weighing sensor is fixed on the bracket, and the water container is fixed on the weighing sensor; the self-priming pump is arranged above the bracket, a rotating seat is provided on the bracket, the rainfall bucket is rotatably connected to the rotating seat, and the peristaltic pump is fixed on the bracket.

[0008] Furthermore, the control box includes a central controller, a first motor drive module, a second motor drive module, a pulse counting module, a wireless communication module, a power supply module, a timing calibration module and a communication interface; the power supply module provides power, the central controller sends a signal to the first motor drive module to control the self-priming pump to pump water into the water container, the central controller sends a signal to the second motor drive module to control the peristaltic pump to inject water into the rainfall bucket and control the pulse counting module to measure the pulse signal generated when the rainfall bucket flips; the timing calibration module is used for timing start calibration, the wireless communication module communicates wirelessly with the client, and the communication interface connects the communication equipment to realize wired communication.

[0009] Furthermore, the wireless communication module includes a WIFI communication module and a Bluetooth communication module.

[0010] The present invention further provides a rainfall sensor, comprising a rainfall sensor body and a rainfall measurement calibrator, wherein the rainfall sensor body is electrically connected to the rainfall measurement calibrator.

[0011] The present invention also provides a rainfall sensor measurement and calibration method, comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. After the remote computer sends a calibration instruction to the central processor of the rainfall sensor through the network, the central processor sends an instruction to the signal switcher to switch the rainfall sensor signal and interrupt the data transmission with the original observation system;

[0013] S2, the central processor gives a signal to the water pump control box to draw a certain amount of water from the water storage tank to the water container on the electronic electronic balance. When the weight reaches the standard rainfall, the water pump is turned off;

[0014] S3, the central processor gives a signal to the water pump control box to turn on the peristaltic pump to fill the rainfall bucket with water according to a certain rainfall intensity. The pulse signal generated when the metering bucket turns over is rectified and counted by the counter until the water in the water container is pumped out. The count value at this time is the measurement value of the rainfall sensor, and the difference between it and the standard value is the measurement error;

[0015] S4, repeat S2-S3 calibration three times according to the rainfall intensity, and calculate the average value of the three calibration measurement errors under the rainfall intensity;

[0016] If the average value of the measurement error exceeds the technical requirements of the rainfall sensor calibration specification, the central processing unit will give a signal to the shifter drive control circuit according to the deviation, and control the stepper motor to drive the flip angle of the rainfall bucket by adjusting the signal, thereby adjusting the deviation of the rainfall sensor until it is adjusted to a qualified unit. After the adjustment, the above calibration process is repeated until it meets the requirements of the calibration specification.

[0017] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are: the present invention provides a feasible solution for online calibration of rainfall observation instruments, which can greatly reduce or even eliminate the phenomenon of rainfall sensors working with "diseases", greatly enhance the quality of rainfall observation data, and provide accurate and reliable rainfall observation data for weather forecasting and flood control and rescue work; at the same time, it reduces the labor intensity of measurement support personnel and improves the efficiency of measurement work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The utility model is a structural schematic diagram of a rainfall measurement calibrator of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 The present invention is a front view of a rainfall measurement calibrator.

[0020] Figure 3 The present invention is a system block diagram of a rainfall measurement calibrator.

[0021] Figure 4 The present invention is a calibration flow chart of a rainfall sensor.

[0022] As shown in the figure: 1. Base, 2. Weighing sensor, 3. Water container, 4. Self-priming pump, 5. Rainfall tipping bucket, 6. Peristaltic pump, 7. Control box, 8. Bracket, 9. Rotating seat, 10. Funnel, 11. Gasket, 12. Stainless steel bracket, 13. Fixed seat, 14. Support rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “inside”, “outside”, “vertical” and “circumferential” are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0024] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] The following is a further detailed description of a rainfall measurement calibrator, a rainfall sensor and a calibration method of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Combined with Figure 1-4 The specific implementation process of the rainfall measurement calibrator, rainfall sensor and calibration method of the present invention is as follows:

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A rainfall measurement calibrator comprises a base 1, a weighing sensor 2, a water container 3, a self-priming pump 4, a rainfall tipping bucket 5, a peristaltic pump 6 and a control box 7, etc. The components cooperate with each other to realize an automated calibration process.

[0029] The base 1 serves as the supporting foundation of the entire calibration instrument, and includes a fixing base 13 and a support rod 14. The support rod 14 is fixed on the fixing base 13 and extends vertically upward, and is used to connect and support the bracket 8 and the control box 7 above.

[0030] The bracket 8 is arranged on the top of the base 1, and is used to fix the weighing sensor 2, the self-priming pump 4, the peristaltic pump 6 and other components. The bracket 8 is also provided with a rotating seat 9, which is composed of two side plates and a bottom plate connecting the two side plates. The side plates are provided with shaft holes, and the rain bucket 5 is rotatably connected to the shaft hole through the rotating shaft, so that the rotating seat 9 supports the rotation of the rain bucket 5 to ensure that the rain bucket 5 can be turned over smoothly after receiving the water; the rotating shaft of the rain bucket 5 can also be connected to a stepping motor to adjust the turning angle of the rain bucket 5 to achieve calibration adjustment.

[0031] The weighing sensor 2 is fixed on the bracket 8 through the gasket 11 to ensure stable measurement. A water container 3 is fixed above the weighing sensor 2 to receive the water volume extracted by the self-priming pump 4 and reflect the water volume information through weight changes.

[0032] The water container 3 is fixed on the weighing sensor 2 through a stainless steel bracket 12, and is used to receive and temporarily store the water extracted by the self-priming pump 4 for subsequent calibration.

[0033] The self-priming pump 4 is disposed above the bracket 8 and is controlled by the central controller through the first motor drive module to automatically pump water into the water container 3 .

[0034] The peristaltic pump 6 is fixed on the bracket 8 and is controlled by the central controller to inject water into the rain gauge bucket 5. The pulse counting module measures the pulse signal generated when the rain gauge bucket 5 turns over, thereby accurately calculating the amount of water injected.

[0035] The rain gauge bucket 5 is rotatably connected to the rotating seat 9, and its flipping is controlled by the central controller through the second motor drive module. A funnel 10 fixed on the rotating seat 9 is provided above the rain gauge bucket 5 to guide the water flow to be accurately injected during rainfall detection. During calibration, the peristaltic pump 6 directly pumps water to the rain gauge bucket 5.

[0036] The control box 7 is fixed on the support rod 14, and includes a central controller, a first motor drive module, a second motor drive module, a pulse counting module, a wireless communication module (including a WIFI communication module and a Bluetooth communication module), a power module, a timing calibration module, and a communication interface. The control box 7 is responsible for the automated control and data transmission of the entire calibration process to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of the calibration.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A rain sensor comprises a rain sensor body and the above-mentioned rain measurement calibrator, wherein the rain sensor body is electrically connected to the rain measurement calibrator.

[0039] The rainfall sensor shares the existing communication interface and power supply interface of the automatic weather station, receives and converts the instructions from the remote server, and completes a series of actions such as "start calibration state---automatic calibration---data processing---automatic adjustment of deviation---return to observation state", thereby realizing the online calibration of the remotely controllable rainfall sensor.

[0040] Based on the above rainfall measurement calibrator and rainfall sensor, a rainfall sensor measurement and calibration method is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0041] When calibrating the rain sensor, the remote computer sends a calibration command to the central processing unit (hereinafter referred to as CPU) of the self-calibrating rain sensor through the network. The CPU then sends a command to the signal switch to switch the sensor signal and interrupt the data transmission with the original observation system. At the same time, the CPU sends a signal to the water pump control box to extract a certain amount of water from the water tank to the water container on the electronic balance. When the weight of the standard rainfall is reached, the water pump is turned off. The CPU sends a signal to the water pump control box to turn on the peristaltic pump to fill the rainfall bucket with water at a certain flow rate (1mm / min or 4mm / min, hereinafter referred to as rainfall intensity). The pulse signal generated when the metering bucket flips is rectified. After that, the counter will count until the water in the water container is pumped out. The count value at this time is the measurement value of the sensor, and the difference between it and the standard value is the measurement error; the above process is repeated 3 times for each rainfall intensity, and the average value of the measurement errors of the 3 calibrations under each rainfall is calculated respectively; if the average value of the measurement error exceeds the technical requirements of the calibration specification of the rain sensor, the CPU will give a signal to the shifter drive control box according to the deviation, and control the flipping angle of the rain bucket driven by the stepper motor by adjusting the signal, thereby adjusting the deviation of the rain sensor until it is adjusted to the qualified unit. After the adjustment, the above calibration process is repeated until it meets the requirements of the calibration specification.

[0042] The measurement standard utilizes the quality traceability system. An electronic electronic balance is used to obtain the standard rainfall, and the rainfall is injected into the tipping bucket according to the specified rainfall intensity for rainfall measurement. The final rainfall measurement error is determined based on the error amount to determine whether it needs to be adjusted. If the deviation exceeds the tolerance, the deviation can be automatically adjusted by remote control. After adjustment, automatic calibration is performed again until the measurement performance requirements are met. After calibration, the signal is switched back to the original observation system to resume normal observation.

[0043] The above-mentioned rainfall measurement calibrator and rainfall sensor are suitable for use in rainfall observation business of meteorological departments, hydrological departments, ocean departments and other departments; they can also be used by agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, scientific research and other departments.

[0044] The rain sensor performance test experiment is as follows:

[0045] Experimental procedures

[0046] 1. Preparation

[0047] Ensure that the rain sensor (the product of this application) and the JJS1-1 intelligent rain gauge calibrator (the comparison product) are in good working condition.

[0048] 2. Temperature control

[0049] Measure 1L of pure water and adjust the water temperature to 5℃, 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃ respectively through gradual heating and cooling segmented control.

[0050] 3. Initial calibration

[0051] Use a 1000g F1 weight to perform zero calibration on the self-calibrating rain sensor.

[0052] 4. Standard rainfall output

[0053] Pour 1 liter of pure water controlled at different temperatures into the water storage tank of the self-calibrating rain sensor section by section, set the rainfall intensity mode, and start the calibration procedure. Use a water bottle at the output port to obtain the pure water output by the self-calibrating rain sensor, and use an electronic balance to measure the amount of pure water.

[0054] 5. Calibration duration

[0055] Go through the whole calibration experiment with different rainfall intensities and record the time required for the total calibration respectively.

[0056] 6. Comparative testing

[0057] First, the rain sensor is calibrated using the standard rainfall output of the JJS1-1 intelligent rain gauge calibrator, and then calibrated using the calibration system provided with the rain sensor of the present application, and the calibration results of the two rainfall calibration methods are recorded.

[0058] 7. Data recording and analysis

[0059] Repeat the experiment and record the experimental results; then use the experimental data to perform statistical processing; analyze the source of error in this experimental data; finally, perform performance evaluation on this experimental sample.

[0060] Performance Indicators

[0061] 1. Standard rainfall output

[0062] (1) Heavy rain mode: In this mode, the system was set to run for 150 seconds and three independent measurements were performed at different temperatures. The water volume data output by the self-calibrating rain sensor were recorded in Table 1.

[0063] Table 1

[0064]

[0065] (2) Light rain intensity mode: In this mode, the system was set to run for 600 seconds. We performed three independent measurements at different temperatures and recorded the water volume data output by the self-calibrating rain sensor in Table 2.

[0066] Table 2

[0067]

[0068] (3) Indicator evaluation:

[0069] Standard data: 314.16g and 10.0mm. Calculation formula: Output water volume (mm) = Output water volume (g) / Density value (g / cm 3 )*10 / 314.1592.

[0070] In the heavy rain mode, the average water output is 313.67 g (10.02 mm) with a standard deviation of 0.15 g (0.0086 mm).

[0071] In the light rain intensity mode, the average water output is 313.39 g (10.01 mm) and the standard deviation is 0.53 g (0.0413 mm).

[0072] (4) Experimental conclusion:

[0073] The rain gauge calibrator has the ability to accurately output a water volume that is close to a constant value (314.16g / 10.00mm) within a specified time and remain within the allowable error range.

[0074] 2. Calibration duration

[0075] (1) Heavy rain mode: According to the rainfall calibration specification, the execution time is 150s to 170s, the system sets the corresponding number of revolutions, and the actual measurement time is shown in Table 3.

[0076] Table 3

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] (2) Light rain mode: According to the rainfall calibration specification, the execution time is 480s to 720s, and the system sets the corresponding number of revolutions. The actual measurement time is shown in Table 4

[0080] Table 4

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] (3) Indicator evaluation:

[0084] In the heavy rain mode, the average total time is 156.2s.

[0085] In the light rain to heavy rain mode, the average total time consumed was 596.3s.

[0086] The average total calibration time of the device in both heavy rain and light rain modes is within the execution time range.

[0087] (4) Experimental conclusion:

[0088] The uniform output of water reflects the stability of rainfall calibration. After repeated experiments, the self-calibrating rain gauges can output water at a uniform rate in both heavy and light rainfall modes. Even at elevated temperatures, they can still maintain a uniform speed without significant fluctuations, making them suitable for rainfall observation under various temperature conditions.

[0089] 3. Calibration results

[0090] (1) Heavy rain intensity mode: The two calibration methods were used to conduct three independent tests under different temperature conditions. The calibration results are shown in Table 5.

[0091] Table 5

[0092]

[0093] (2) Light rain intensity mode: The two calibration methods were used to conduct three independent tests under different temperature conditions. The calibration results are shown in Table 6.

[0094] Table 6

[0095]

[0096] (3) Indicator evaluation:

[0097] In the heavy rain intensity and light rain intensity modes, the calibration results of the two calibration methods are completely consistent.

[0098] (4) Experimental conclusion:

[0099] The self-calibrating rain sensor of the present application has the same measurement performance as the traditional tipping bucket rain sensor, and at the same time has the same calibration accuracy as the JJS1-1 intelligent rain gauge calibrator, ensuring the reliability and consistency of rainfall observation data.

[0100] 4. Performance evaluation:

[0101] The self-calibration rain sensor of the present application can quickly perform the function of rain calibration, has the functions of rain calibration and rain observation, realizes the real-time upload of detection data, and can automatically generate a calibration report or verification report. The device is simple, convenient and fast to use, improves the operation efficiency, makes the rain calibration process more efficient and intelligent, and is conducive to the unified management of the superior regulatory authorities.

[0102] 5. Error analysis during the experiment

[0103] (1) Weighing module error

[0104] 0.0005 of 1000g; the accuracy of F1 grade 1000g weight is less than 10mg.

[0105] (2) Electronic balance error

[0106] Model: AX-2000, allowable error ±0.1g.

[0107] (3) System clock error

[0108] ≤100ms.

[0109] (4) Temperature sensor

[0110] Platinum resistance sensor, allowable error 0.1℃.

[0111] (5) The total uncertainty of the liquid density meter is 0.00007925 g. This value is very small and will not affect the experimental results.

[0112] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, and such description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the invention, they can design a structure and embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity, which should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rainfall measurement calibrator, characterized in that: It includes a base, a weighing sensor, a water container, a self-priming pump, a rain gauge bucket, a peristaltic pump and a control box, wherein the control box is fixed on the base and electrically connected to the weighing sensor, the self-priming pump and the peristaltic pump; A bracket is provided on the top of the base, the weighing sensor is fixed on the bracket, and the water container is fixed on the weighing sensor; the self-priming pump is arranged above the bracket, a rotating seat is provided on the bracket, the rainfall bucket is rotatably connected to the rotating seat, and the peristaltic pump is fixed on the bracket.

2. A rainfall measurement calibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control box includes a central controller, a first motor drive module, a second motor drive module, a pulse counting module, a wireless communication module, a power module, a timing calibration module and a communication interface; the power module provides power, the central controller sends a signal to the first motor drive module to control the self-priming pump to pump water into the water container, the central controller sends a signal to the second motor drive module to control the peristaltic pump to inject water into the rainfall bucket and control the pulse counting module to measure the pulse signal generated when the rainfall bucket is turned over; The timing calibration module is used for timing start calibration, the wireless communication module communicates with the client wirelessly, and the communication interface connects to the communication device to realize wired communication.

3. A rainfall measurement calibrator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wireless communication module includes a WIFI communication module and a Bluetooth communication module.

4. A rainfall measurement calibrator according to claim 3, characterized in that: A funnel fixed on a rotating seat is arranged above the rainfall tipping bucket.

5. A rainfall measurement calibrator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The weighing sensor is fixed on the bracket through a gasket.

6. A rainfall measurement calibrator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The weighing sensor and the water container are fixedly connected via a stainless steel bracket.

7. A rainfall measurement calibrator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The base comprises a fixing seat and a supporting rod, wherein the supporting rod is fixed on the fixing seat and vertically extends upward to connect the bracket, and the control box is fixed on the supporting rod.

8. A rain sensor, characterized in that: It comprises a rain sensor body and the rain measurement calibrator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the rain sensor body is electrically connected to the rain measurement calibrator.

9. A rainfall sensor measurement and calibration method, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1. After the remote computer sends a calibration instruction to the central processor of the rainfall sensor through the network, the central processor sends an instruction to the signal switcher to switch the rainfall sensor signal and interrupt the data transmission with the original observation system; S2, the central processor sends a signal to the water pump control box to draw a certain amount of water from the water storage tank to the water container on the electronic scale. When the weight reaches the standard rainfall, the water pump is turned off; S3, the central processor gives a signal to the water pump control box to turn on the peristaltic pump to fill the rainfall bucket with water according to a certain rainfall intensity. The pulse signal generated when the metering bucket turns over is rectified and counted by the counter until the water in the water container is pumped out. The count value at this time is the measurement value of the rainfall sensor, and the difference between it and the standard value is the measurement error; S4, repeat S2-S3 calibration three times according to the rainfall intensity, and calculate the average value of the three calibration measurement errors under the rainfall intensity; If the average value of the measurement error exceeds the technical requirements of the rainfall sensor calibration specification, the central processor will send a signal to the shifter drive control box according to the deviation to adjust the deviation of the sensor. After adjustment, the above calibration process will be repeated until it meets the requirements of the calibration specification.

10. A rainfall sensor measurement and calibration method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The rainfall intensities include 1 mm / min and 4 mm / min. In step S4, the two rainfall intensities are calibrated three times according to S2-S3, and the average values ​​of the three calibration measurement errors under each rainfall amount are calculated respectively.

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