Double-frequency common-caliber phased-array antenna based on probe direct feed structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a dual-frequency common-aperture phased-array antenna based on direct feed of a probe, S-band and C-band antennas adopt a common aperture, so that the maximum utilization of aperture resources by two-band transceiving antennas is realized, the transceiving of microwave signals is completed through a single-layer patch, and the dual-frequency common-aperture phased-array antenna has the large-angle scanning capability of + / -51 degrees of a cone; the feed structure adopts a probe direct contact type feed mode, and compared with indirect feed modes such as microstrip line coupling, the energy loss in the space coupling process is reduced, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is high; the supporting structure of the antenna adopts a polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) dielectric block which is integrally processed and formed and is used for replacing a traditional microwave dielectric substrate of a patch antenna, so that the weight of the antenna is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and in particular relates to a dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna based on a probe direct feeding structure. Background Art

[0002] Modern satellite communication antennas often need to have the characteristics of common aperture for transmission and reception, high efficiency, high reliability, and good economy. The transmission and reception dual bands work simultaneously, and the transmission and reception do not interfere with each other. The common aperture design of the transmitting and receiving antennas can maximize the use of aperture resources for the two-band transceiver antennas, and the antenna aperture radiation efficiency is the highest; and the overall size and weight of the antenna are effectively reduced, which well balances the stringent requirements of antenna performance and cost control. The antenna dual-frequency common aperture design scheme can be nested or broadband array. From the two implementation methods, it can be seen that the broadband antenna array is used to achieve high and low frequency band coverage. Although there is only one radiating antenna, it is necessary to add additional complex hardware such as duplexers and low-frequency synthesis networks, and the additional loss will reduce the antenna radiation efficiency and deteriorate the antenna system indicators. The high and low frequency nested radiating array design scheme is adopted. The radiating antenna is directly connected to the rear-end transceiver channel, the feed network loss is small, and the antenna system efficiency is higher.

[0003] A common form of co-aperture antenna in satellite antennas is the waveguide antenna. The waveguide antenna has high efficiency but is large in size and heavy in weight. When nesting waveguide antennas of different frequency bands and polarizations, high processing precision is required, which is extremely difficult and costly. To achieve circular polarization radiation in the communication system, an additional phase matching network is required. Microstrip patch antennas are thin and easy to process, and are usually used as antenna units of co-aperture antennas. The co-aperture microstrip antenna adopts a multi-layer dielectric substrate structure, and arranges high and low frequencies in layers to reduce the coupling between antennas of different frequency bands. However, the high and low layered structure often brings about the shielding of antennas between different frequency bands, which is not conducive to the phased array antenna to achieve large-angle scanning. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antenna based on direct probe feeding, which realizes a dual-band antenna conical ±51° large-angle scanning under a single-layer dielectric structure, which can not only meet the characteristics of high efficiency, light weight and miniaturization of satellite communication phased array antennas, but also has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, low cost and easy maintenance.

[0005] The dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna based on direct probe feeding of the present invention is characterized by comprising an S-band cross radiating patch (1), four sequentially rotated C-band circular slotted radiating patches (2), a supporting structure for carrying the radiating surface using a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dielectric block (3) formed by integrated processing, a feeding probe (4) directly in contact with the S-band radiating patch, four feeding probes (5) directly in contact with the C-band radiating patch, a metal reflective floor (6), and five radio frequency coaxial connectors (7).

[0006] The cross radiation patch of S band, the circular slotted radiation patch of C band, the polyetheretherketone dielectric block and the metal reflection floor constitute the antenna radiation structure; wherein, the slotting sequence of the four circular slotted radiation patches of C band is rotated to different directions, and then the four circular slotted radiation patches of C band are respectively placed in the four spaces of the cross radiation patch of S band; one cross radiation patch of S band and four circular slotted radiation patches of C band are processed on the upper surface of the polyetheretherketone dielectric block by electroplating process; the polyetheretherketone dielectric block adopts The antenna is installed above a metal reflective floor using a bonding process; a feeding probe directly in contact with an S-band radiation patch and a feeding probe directly in contact with a C-band radiation patch vertically pass through a polyetheretherketone dielectric block and directly contact the cross radiation patch of the S-band and the circular slotted radiation patch of the C-band to realize the input of microwave signals; a feeding probe (4) directly in contact with an S-band radiation patch and four feeding probes (5) directly in contact with a C-band radiation patch are connected to five radio frequency coaxial connectors (7) to form an antenna feeding structure.

[0007] Preferably, the rotation order of the four C-band circular slotted radiation patches is 90 degrees in sequence.

[0008] An antenna radiation structure is formed by an S-band cross radiation patch (1), four sequentially rotated C-band circular slotted radiation patches (2), a support structure for carrying the radiation surface, a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dielectric block (3) formed by integrated processing, and a metal reflection floor (6); an antenna feeding structure is formed by a feeding probe (4) directly contacting the S-band radiation patch, four feeding probes (5) directly contacting the C-band radiation patch, and five radio frequency coaxial connectors (7); each dual co-aperture antenna unit is composed of a radiation structure and a feeding structure, and is installed on a metal reflection floor with a certain thickness, and realizes the input of microwave signals by terminating the coaxial line.

[0009] The S- and C-band antennas adopt a common-aperture design scheme, maximizing the utilization of the aperture resources of the two-band antennas. The C-band antenna uses a circular patch to transmit signals. By adjusting the slot size of the "冂"-shaped slot in the circular patch and the probe feeding position, the current paths in two orthogonal directions are broadened, the circular polarization performance of the antenna is improved, and the miniaturization of the antenna size is achieved at the same operating frequency band. The S-band antenna uses a "十"-shaped patch to receive signals. By adjusting the patch chamfer, the coupling between the transmitting and receiving frequency bands in the same-layer distribution is improved, and the S- and C-band antennas can achieve a large-angle scan of ±51° in the conical direction.

[0010] The support structure of the radiation surface adopts an integrally processed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dielectric block to replace the traditional microwave dielectric substrate of the patch antenna, thus replacing the lamination process between multi-layer printed boards, and the weight can be reduced by 40% with the same size.

[0011] The polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dielectric block realizes the electrical connection between the feeding probe and the radiation surface through sidewall metallization. The electrical signal is fed into the radiation patch through the probe, reducing the energy loss during the feeding process, improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and significantly reducing the antenna processing complexity.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows

[0013] 1. The antenna has high aperture efficiency. The S- and C-band antennas of the present invention adopt a common-aperture design scheme, maximizing the utilization of the aperture resources of the transmitting and receiving antennas in the two frequency bands, and the aperture utilization rate of the antenna is high. The radiation element uses a microstrip patch antenna with a low antenna profile. Its feeding structure adopts direct-contact feeding with a probe. Compared with indirect feeding forms such as microstrip line coupling, the energy loss during the spatial coupling process is reduced, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is high.

[0014] 2. The antenna has strong scanning ability and a compact structure. The C-band antenna of the present invention uses a circular patch to transmit signals. By adjusting the slot size of the "冂"-shaped slot in the patch and the feeding position, the current paths in two orthogonal directions are broadened, the circular polarization performance of the antenna is improved, and the miniaturization of the antenna size is achieved at the same operating frequency band. The S-band antenna uses a "十"-shaped patch to receive signals. By adjusting the patch chamfer, the coupling between the transmitting and receiving frequency bands in the same-layer distribution is improved, and the S- and C-band antennas can achieve a large-angle scan of ±51° in the conical direction.

[0015] 3. The antenna has a simple structure, light weight and low cost. The supporting structure of the radiation surface of the present invention adopts an integrated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dielectric block to replace the traditional microwave dielectric substrate of the patch antenna, thereby replacing the lamination process between multi-layer printed circuit boards, and the weight of the same size can be reduced by 40%; the feeding probe passes through the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dielectric block and directly contacts the surface of the metal patch to achieve electrical connection, and the electrical signal is fed into the radiation patch through the probe. The S and C band antennas only need a single-layer patch to complete the reception and transmission of microwave signals. The structure is simple and the processing cost of the antenna is significantly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is the structural diagram of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a side view of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a stereoscopic image of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna array.

[0019] Figure 4 It is the standing wave ratio of the S-band antenna unit of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna when scanning at 0 and 51° in the 1.92-2.025GHz frequency band.

[0020] Figure 5 It is the standing wave ratio of the C-band antenna unit of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna when scanning at 0 and 51° in the 3.44-3.66GHz frequency band.

[0021] Figure 6 It is the circular polarization axis ratio of the S-band antenna unit of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna in the 1.92-2.025GHz frequency band.

[0022] Figure 7 It is the circular polarization axis ratio of the C-band antenna unit of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna in the 3.44-3.66GHz band.

[0023] Figure 8 It is the antenna efficiency of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna S-band antenna array in the 1.92-2.025GHz frequency band.

[0024] Fig. 9 It is the antenna efficiency of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna C-band antenna array in the 3.44-3.66GHz frequency band.

[0025] Fig.10 This is the radiation pattern of the S-band antenna array of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna when scanning at the center frequency 0 and ±51°.

[0026] Fig.11This is the radiation pattern of the C-band antenna array of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna when scanning at the center frequency 0 and ±51°.

[0027] Fig.12 It is the circular polarization axis ratio of the S-band antenna array of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna in the 1.92-2.025GHz band.

[0028] Fig.13 It is the circular polarization axis ratio of the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna C-band antenna array in the 3.44-3.66GHz band.

[0029] Among them, 1-S-band cross radiation patch, 2-C-band circular slotted radiation patch, 3-dielectric block, 4-S-band radiation patch directly contacts the feeding probe, 5-C-band radiation patch directly contacts the feeding probe, 6-metal reflective floor, 7-RF coaxial connector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 2 , Example 1 is composed of a group of dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antennas based on a probe direct feeding structure, and periodic boundary conditions are used to simulate the simulation of the present invention in an infinite array environment. The antenna unit structure of the present invention is described as follows: 1 S-band cross radiating patch 1, 4 sequentially rotated C-band circular slotted radiating patches 2, 1 supporting structure for supporting the radiating surface, which is a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dielectric block 3 formed by integrated processing, 1 feeding probe 4 in direct contact with the S-band radiating patch, 4 feeding probes 5 in direct contact with the C-band radiating patch, 1 metal reflective floor 6, and 5 RF coaxial connectors 7.

[0033] Among them, the circular slotted radiation patches are grouped into four and rotated in sequence along the center to form a circular slotted radiation patch 2 of the C band; one S band cross radiation patch 1 and four C band circular slotted radiation patches 2 are processed on the upper surface of the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dielectric block 3 through an electroplating process; the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dielectric block 3 is installed above the metal reflective floor 6 by a gluing process; the feeding probe 4 directly contacting the S band radiation patch and the feeding probe 5 directly contacting the C band radiation patch vertically pass through the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) dielectric block 3, and directly contact the S band cross radiation patch 1 and the C band circular slotted radiation patch 2 to realize the input of microwave signals, and the RF coaxial connector 7 is connected to the bottom of each power-deficient probe; each component is combined in the above manner to form a Figure 1 The dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna.

[0034] Figures 4 to 9 The standing wave ratio and radiation characteristics of Example 1 during scanning are given. Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that the phased array antenna of this embodiment 1 realizes conical ±51° wide angle scanning in the working frequency bands of S and C; Figure 6 and Figure 7 It can be seen that the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna based on the probe direct feeding structure of Example 1 has a good normal axis ratio within the working frequency band, and the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna is good.

[0035] from Figure 8 and Fig. 9 It can be seen that the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna based on the probe direct feeding structure of Example 1 has an antenna radiation efficiency of ≥85% within the working frequency band and has significant low loss and high efficiency characteristics.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] Specifically, Figure 1 A set of dual-frequency common-aperture phased array antennas rotates sequentially along the center and then extends along the two-dimensional direction of the antenna to form Figure 3 A dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna array based on a probe direct feeding structure.

[0038] Figures 10 to 13 The radiation characteristics of the antenna array of Example 2 are given; as can be seen from the figure, the antenna array has stable beam pointing and good scanning axis ratio in the normal direction and at large scanning angles, indicating that the radiation performance of this embodiment is good during scanning.

[0039] The present invention is not limited to the above specific implementations, and the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made to the above implementations based on the technical essence of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna based on probe direct feeding, characterized in that: It includes 1 cross radiation patch of S band, 4 circular slotted radiation patches of C band rotated in sequence, 1 polyetheretherketone dielectric block for carrying the radiation surface, 1 feeding probe directly contacting with the S band radiation patch, 4 feeding probes directly contacting with the C band radiation patch, 1 metal reflection floor, and 5 RF coaxial connectors; The cross radiation patch of S band, the circular slotted radiation patch of C band, the polyetheretherketone dielectric block and the metal reflection floor constitute the antenna radiation structure; wherein, the slotting sequence of the four circular slotted radiation patches of C band is rotated to different directions, and then the four circular slotted radiation patches of C band are respectively placed in the four spaces of the cross radiation patch of S band; one cross radiation patch of S band and four circular slotted radiation patches of C band are processed on the upper surface of the polyetheretherketone dielectric block through the electroplating process; the polyetheretherketone The dielectric block is installed above the metal reflective floor using a gluing process; the feeding probe in direct contact with the S-band radiation patch and the feeding probe in direct contact with the C-band radiation patch vertically pass through the polyetheretherketone dielectric block and are in direct contact with the cross radiation patch of the S-band and the circular slotted radiation patch of the C-band to realize the input of microwave signals; one feeding probe in direct contact with the S-band radiation patch and four feeding probes in direct contact with the C-band radiation patch are connected to five RF coaxial connectors to form the antenna feeding structure.

2. The dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna based on probe direct feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation order of the four C-band circular slotted radiation patches is 90 degrees in sequence.

3. A dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna array based on probe direct feeding, characterized in that: Based on the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna based on probe direct feeding as described in claim 1 or 2, the dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna is rotated along the center sequence and then extended along the two-dimensional direction of the antenna to form a dual-frequency co-aperture phased array antenna array based on the probe direct feeding structure.

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