Breeding method of novel high-yield disease-resistant weak gluten wheat variety

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield disease-resistant weak gluten wheat new variety breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of disease-resistant weak gluten wheat breeding. The breeding method comprises the following steps: S1, screening disease-resistant dwarf-male-sterile wheat as a cross parent; s2, constructing a disease-resistant weak-gluten dwarf male-sterile wheat intermediate population by using the parents obtained in the step S1 through a composite hybridization method; s3, the disease-resistant weak gluten dwarf male-sterile wheat intermediate population obtained in the step S2 is subjected to a conventional breeding method, and the high-yield disease-resistant weak gluten wheat variety is obtained. According to the breeding method for the novel high-yield disease-resistant weak gluten wheat variety, the disease-resistant dwarf-male-sterile wheat is taken as a female parent, the disease-resistant dwarf-male-sterile wheat is subjected to composite hybridization with weak gluten, high-yield and disease-resistant wheat germplasm year by year, molecular marker-assisted selection and weak gluten quality detection are combined, and finally the wheat variety which is good in yielding ability and excellent in disease resistance and meets the weak gluten requirement in quality is bred.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of disease-resistant weak-gluten wheat breeding, and in particular to a method for breeding a new high-yield disease-resistant weak-gluten wheat variety. Background Art

[0002] my country's wheat planting is mainly medium-gluten varieties, with few disease-resistant weak-gluten and strong-gluten varieties, and weak-gluten wheat germplasm resources are extremely scarce. High-quality weak-gluten wheat is an important raw material for making biscuits, cakes, southern steamed bread and other foods, and is also one of the important indicators of wheat for making koji for sauce-flavored liquor. Therefore, the exploration and innovation of weak-gluten wheat germplasm needs to be strengthened.

[0003] Currently, low breeding efficiency, low benefits and lack of specificity have become the most prominent obstacles to the sustainable development of wheat production in my country. Genetic improvement of varieties is the most economical and effective measure to increase yield potential and optimize quality.

[0004] In order to adapt to the needs of national conditions, the wheat breeding goal of improving quality and efficiency is proposed, and special wheat will also be the development direction of the wheat industry in the future. Therefore, the selection and breeding of disease-resistant weak-gluten wheat germplasm provides material guarantees for the implementation of the national policies of stabilizing grain output, ensuring food security, reducing wheat costs, increasing efficiency and improving quality, and also provides a raw material basis for the brewing of Maotai-flavor liquor. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding a new high-yield, disease-resistant and weak-gluten wheat variety, so as to solve the problems of low efficiency, low benefit and low specificity in the current wheat breeding.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for breeding a new high-yield, disease-resistant and weak-gluten wheat variety, the steps of which are as follows:

[0007] S1. Select disease-resistant dwarf wheat as hybrid parents;

[0008] S2. Using the parents obtained in step S1, a composite hybridization method is used to construct an intermediate population of disease-resistant weak-gluten dwarf wheat;

[0009] S3. The intermediate population of disease-resistant weak-gluten and dwarf wheat obtained in step S2 is used through conventional breeding methods to obtain a high-yield, disease-resistant weak-gluten wheat variety.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the composite hybridization method comprises the following steps:

[0011] S2-1. Use disease-resistant dwarf sterile wheat plants as female parents and cross them with Mianmai 185 as male parents to obtain the first round of F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population (disease resistance + weak gluten); Mianmai 185 is a wheat variety with good disease resistance and low-gluten quality. Mianmai 185 is used to improve the disease resistance of disease-resistant dwarf sterile wheat and introduce weak gluten quality characteristics.

[0012] S2-2, from the first round of F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population obtained in step S2-1 of sowing, select the dwarf sterile plant as the female parent and hybridize it with new wheat 26 to obtain the second round of F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population; the plant and leaf shape of new wheat 26 is relatively compact and has good yield; using new wheat 26, improve the plant and leaf shape of the first round of F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population and improve its high yield characteristics.

[0013] S2-3. From the second-round F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population obtained in the sowing step S2-2, the second dwarf sterile plant is selected as the female parent for hybridization with Mianmai 185 to obtain the third-round F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population with enhanced weak gluten quality; by backcrossing with Mianmai 185, the frequency of weak gluten quality genes in the second-round F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population is enhanced, thereby improving the breeding efficiency of disease-resistant weak gluten wheat.

[0014] S2-4, the third round of weak-gluten quality-enhanced F1 dwarf abortive intermediate population obtained in step S2-3 of sowing is hybridized by selecting three dwarf sterile plants as the female parent and the wheat line 0938F6 with high resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew as the male parent to obtain a disease-resistant weak-gluten dwarf abortive intermediate population of wheat.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the specific steps of the conventional breeding method are as follows:

[0016] S3-1, select fertile plants with good disease resistance, suitable plant height and compact plant and leaf shape from the F1 generation of the middle population of disease-resistant weak-gluten dwarf wheat;

[0017] S3-2, the F2 generation of the intermediate population of disease-resistant weak-gluten dwarfing wheat uses disease-resistant molecular markers to assist breeding and select individual plants with good disease resistance, suitable plant height, and compact plant and leaf shape;

[0018] S3-3, planting the individual plants selected in step S3-2 into plant lines, identifying the disease resistance and high yield of the plant lines, and harvesting the individual ears of the disease-resistant, high-yielding and stable plant lines;

[0019] S3-4, planting the single ear selected in step S3-3 into ear lines, identifying the disease resistance of the ear lines with the help of molecular marker-assisted breeding, selecting ear lines with good disease resistance, suitable plant height, and compact plant and leaf shape, and harvesting the disease-resistant, high-yielding, and stable ear lines;

[0020] S3-5. Combined with the detection of weak-gluten wheat quality indicators, the spike lines harvested in step S3-4 are selectively bred to breed stable strains with excellent traits, disease resistance and weak gluten.

[0021] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned method for breeding new high-yield, disease-resistant and weak-gluten wheat varieties, which has the following technical effects:

[0022] (1) Disease-resistant dwarf sterile wheat plants are selected as hybridization tools. They have the characteristics of complete and stable male sterility. Dwarf sterile wheat has both cross-pollination and self-pollination characteristics, making it an ideal tool for wheat genetic improvement, solving the international problem of cyclic selection of self-pollinating wheat.

[0023] (2) The characteristics of dwarf wheat with both self-pollination and out-pollination can be used to aggregate the excellent genes of many parents, accelerate the breeding process, and greatly increase the number of hybrid combinations and save labor. It is easier to breed new disease-resistant wheat varieties (lines) by using disease-resistant dwarf wheat;

[0024] (3) In conventional breeding programs, molecular marker-assisted breeding has improved the breeding efficiency of disease-resistant weak-gluten wheat;

[0025] (4) The selection and breeding of disease-resistant weak-gluten wheat germplasm provides material guarantees for stabilizing grain production, ensuring food security, reducing wheat costs, increasing efficiency and improving quality, and also provides a raw material basis for the brewing of sauce-flavored liquor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 A flow chart of the method for breeding new disease-resistant weak-gluten wheat varieties provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 For the purpose of experimental testing, a phylogenetic tree diagram was constructed using the UPMGA method between Sizhong Qian 15168 and other participating wheats. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0030] The wheat used in the present invention are all existing varieties (lines), among which Mianmai 185 and Xinmai 26 are both approved varieties. Mianmai 185 is a wheat variety with good disease resistance and low-gluten quality. Xinmai 26 has a compact plant and leaf shape and good yield. 0938F6 is a stable strain independently bred by the Guizhou Dryland Cereals Research Institute, and has outstanding disease resistance.

[0031] Embodiment 1

[0032] A method for breeding new high-yield, disease-resistant and weak-gluten wheat varieties, the process is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0033] S1. In October 2011, disease-resistant dwarf sterile wheat plants were planted with weak-gluten variety Mianmai 185 and hybridized in March 2012. In May 2012, the first round of F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population (disease-resistant + weak-gluten) was harvested.

[0034] S2. In October 2012, the first round of F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population was sown and planted with the high-yield parent New Wheat 26. In March 2013, disease-resistant dwarf sterile plants were selected as the female parent and hybridized with New Wheat 26. In May 2013, the second round of F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population (disease resistance + weak gluten + high yield) was harvested.

[0035] S3. In October 2013, the second round of F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population was sown and planted with the weak-gluten variety Mianmai 185. In March 2014, the dwarf sterile plant was selected as the second female parent and hybridized with Mianmai 185. In May 2014, the third round of weak-gluten quality-enhanced F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population was harvested.

[0036] S4. In October 2014, the third round of weak-gluten quality-enhanced F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population was sown and interplanted with the self-bred wheat line 0938F6 with high resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew. In March 2015, three dwarf sterile plants were selected as the female parent and hybridized with 0938F6. In May 2015, the disease-resistant weak-gluten dwarf sterile F1 intermediate population was harvested.

[0037] S5. In October 2015, the disease-resistant weak-gluten dwarf F1 intermediate population was sown, and fertile plants with good disease resistance, suitable plant height and compact plant and leaf shape were selected to enter the conventional breeding program.

[0038] S6. In March 2017, we conducted disease resistance molecular marker testing on the F2 generation of the disease-resistant weak-stem dwarfing population. We tested the major stripe rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr10, and Yr17, the powdery mildew resistance genes Pm4, Pm21, and Pm52, and the leaf rust resistance genes Lr19 and Lr68 in Guizhou. We used the method of individual plant selection and molecular marker-assisted breeding to select individual plants with good disease resistance, suitable plant height, and compact plant and leaf shape. The selected individual plants were harvested in May 2017.

[0039] S7. In October 2017, the selected individual plants (F3) were planted into plant lines. In 2018, the disease resistance and yield of the plant lines were identified, and single ears were selected from the stable plant line groups for harvest.

[0040] S8. In October 2018, single ears were planted into ear lines (F4), and the disease resistance of the ear lines was identified with the help of molecular marker-assisted breeding. The ear lines with good disease resistance, suitable plant height and compact plant and leaf shape were selected. In May 2019, the disease-resistant, high-yielding and stable ear lines were harvested, and the quality indicators of weak-gluten wheat were tested. A weak-gluten wheat line named Guizhou 15168 was bred.

[0041] Experimental Test 1

[0042] Disease resistance identification of Qian 15168 in the 2020-2021 wheat regional trial materials

[0043] (1) Test Materials

[0044] Xingxuan No. 1, Guinong wheat 20-8, Qian 15168, Guinong wheat 18-6, Guinong wheat 19-9, Qian 0973, Guinong 19, Qian 1104, Guinong wheat 1803, Guinong wheat 20-1, and Chuanyu 103.

[0045] (2) Test strains

[0046] Stripe rust: CYR34, G22-040 pathogenic type and CYR32, leaf rust: mixed strains, powdery mildew: mixed strains.

[0047] (3) Seedling cultivation and experimental design

[0048] Seedling identification: It was carried out in an artificial climate chamber, using seedling cups to grow seedlings. Wheat was inoculated at the 3-leaf stage, Mingxian 169 was used as the susceptible control, and each variety was repeated 3 times.

[0049] Field resistance identification: The disease nurseries were set up in Jiuan Township, Huaxi District, Guiyang City (natural induction), Yangchang Township, Pingba District (natural induction) and the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences (inoculation identification). Each wheat material was planted with a row length of 1m and a row spacing of 0.3m. Mingxian 169 was used as the susceptible control and induced variety for stripe rust and powdery mildew, and the line 1324F9 was used as the susceptible control for leaf rust. Each wheat material was repeated 3 times.

[0050] (4) Vaccination method

[0051] Stripe rust inoculation was carried out in accordance with Guizhou Provincial Standard DB52 / T1501.4, leaf rust inoculation was carried out in accordance with the industry standard NY / T1443.2-2007, and powdery mildew inoculation was carried out by sweeping and swabbing the diseased plants to induce inoculation.

[0052] (5) Disease investigation and resistance evaluation criteria

[0053] Stripe rust: Disease investigation and resistance evaluation were carried out in accordance with Guizhou Provincial Standard DB52 / T1501.4.

[0054] Leaf rust: The infection type classification and resistance evaluation standards are based on the industry standard NY / T1443.2-2007.

[0055] Powdery mildew: Disease grading and resistance evaluation standards refer to the CIMMYT cereal disease grading and resistance evaluation methods, as shown in Table 1:

[0056] Table 1 Disease grade classification and resistance evaluation criteria for wheat powdery mildew leaf position

[0057] Leaf disease level Symptom description Level 0 (Immune) The whole plant is disease-free Level 1 (Highly disease-resistant) There are a few spots on the first leaf segment Level 2 (Highly disease-resistant) The second section of leaves has a few spots, and the first section of leaves is slightly diseased Level 3 (moderately susceptible) The third leaf section has mild disease, the second leaf section has moderate disease, and the first leaf section has severe disease Level 4 (moderately susceptible) The disease is moderate on the fourth section of leaves, and moderate to severe on the third section and below Level 5 (moderately susceptible) The fifth segment of leaves is moderately diseased, and the leaves below the fourth segment are moderately to severely diseased Level 6 (moderately susceptible) The disease is moderate on the sixth segment, and moderate to severe on the fifth and lower segments Level 7 (Highly susceptible) The disease is moderate in the seventh segment, and moderate to severe in the sixth and lower segments Level 8 (Highly susceptible) There are fewer spots on the flag leaf, and the leaves below the flag leaf are seriously affected. Level 9 (Highly susceptible) The whole plant leaves are seriously diseased, and the ears are diseased to varying degrees

[0058] (6) Identification results

[0059] The results of disease resistance identification of Qian 15168 are shown in Table 2:

[0060] Table 2 Disease resistance identification results of Qian 15168

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] Guizhou 15168 is highly resistant to stripe rust, moderately resistant to leaf rust, and highly resistant to powdery mildew.

[0064] Experimental Test 2

[0065] Qian 15168 in the regional trial of new wheat varieties in Guizhou Province from 2021 to 2022

[0066] (1) Test varieties (lines) and seed supply units

[0067] With Guinong 19 as the control, there are 12 varieties (lines) in total.

[0068] See Table 3 for the units:

[0069] Table 3 Test varieties (lines) and seed supply units

[0070]

[0071] (2) Experimental design

[0072] There are nine pilot sites in the province: Guizhou Dryland Grain Research Institute, Anshun Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zunyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tongren Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiannan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bijie Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qianxinan Karst Regional Development Research Institute, Qiandongnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Panzhou Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Liupanshui City, and the pilot sites are distributed at altitudes between 272 and 1770.7 meters. Each pilot site is implemented according to the unified plan of the Provincial Seed Management Station, with a plot area of ​​0.02 mu, and the plot is arranged in random blocks with 3 repetitions. Each pilot site has 8 rows per plot, and the plot is rectangular in shape with a length and width of 5×2.67 meters. The sowing row spacing (including sowing width) is about 0.33 meters, the plot spacing is 0.33-0.40 meters, and the repetition spacing is about 0.5 meters. There are protection areas of varying sizes around the experimental area.

[0073] The test sites were set up in dry land or paddy fields. The previous crop in the Anshun, Southwest Guizhou, and Southeast Guizhou pilots was rice; the previous crop in the Bijie pilot was buckwheat; the previous crop in the Guiyang, Qiannan, and Tongren pilots was corn; and the previous crop in the Zunyi pilot was vacant land. Each pilot used a tractor or ox plow 1-2 times, supplemented by manual soil crushing, leveling and dividing. The Qiannan pilot used 35 kg of compound fertilizer per mu mixed with 300 kg of decomposed pig manure for basal fertilizer, and then deep plowing and land preparation. The other pilots did not apply farmyard manure or organic fertilizer as basal fertilizer, but all applied compound fertilizer, with a dosage of 15-60 kg, and most pilots used 50 kg. The sowing amount was measured in rows in most pilots based on the germination rate provided by the seed supply unit and 150,000 seeds per mu of germinated seeds, and each pilot was drilled.

[0074] Each pilot project completed the first intertillage and topdressing management before the New Year. The pilot projects in Bijie, Qiannan and Qiandongnan used herbicides such as bensulfuron-methyl and acetochlor for weeding, while the pilot projects in Guiyang, Anshun, Zunyi, Tongren and Qianxinan adopted manual weeding. Most pilot projects used urea for topdressing, with the amount per mu ranging from 7.5 to 40 kg. The pilot project in Guiyang used 2000 times of Taopingbao to control wheat aphids, and the pilot project in Qianxinan used chlorfluanid.imidacloprid + pymetrozine and dichlorvos + imidacloprid to control aphids. The other pilot projects had no insect pests during the growth period.

[0075] (3) Completion of the test

[0076] The Panzhou pilot project was scrapped due to severe hail disasters in the later stage, and the Tongren pilot project was abnormal due to severe ergot disease. They are not included in the summary. The field management of the other 7 effective pilot projects was in place in a timely manner, and the investigation records were relatively comprehensive. They were able to complete the test tasks according to the requirements of the test plan. The test data of all participating varieties (lines) were complete and all were included in the summary.

[0077] (4) Effects of climate conditions on wheat growth and development

[0078] Guiyang: The climate was basically normal throughout the experimental period. The soil moisture was dry after sowing. There was continuous high temperature and no rain for half a month after emergence (November 5-22). Watering was carried out on November 11, and there was a strong wind a week before harvest.

[0079] Anshun: No relevant climate records.

[0080] Zunyi: After sowing on October 22, the soil moisture was good, and the seedlings emerged on November 3. The seedlings emerged evenly and were not affected by frost damage. The tillering period was strong, and the weather was good during the later flowering and filling period. The wheat fruit set rate was high, and the wheat was not susceptible to powdery mildew and was slightly susceptible to ergot. Except for Guinong 19, which is resistant to stripe rust, the others were not susceptible to rust, and the grains were full. It rained heavily on May 3, and except for Guizhou 15168, Guizhou 0973, Xingxuan No. 1, and Guizhou 1104, which lodged, the other varieties did not lodge, but it had little impact on the yield.

[0081] Qiannan: After sowing, the temperature was normal, the seedlings emerged well, there was a week of drought during the grain filling period, and there was sufficient rain in the later period. The wheat development and growth were normal, and there was no lodging.

[0082] Southeast Guizhou: Wheat grew well at all stages. The climate had no impact on yield. Neither lodging nor disease occurred. At harvest, the fields performed well and matured uniformly.

[0083] Southwest Guizhou: After sowing, there was continuous drought, high temperature and little rain from mid-to-late November to the end of December, which had a certain impact on the emergence and tillering growth of wheat. The number of basic seedlings and the tallest seedlings was less than in previous years. From mid-January to mid-February, the temperature changed greatly, with less rainfall, fewer wheat tillers than in previous years, and the jointing and heading time of wheat was delayed by 10-15 days compared with previous years. From early March to late April, there was continuous low temperature and little rain, which affected the fruiting and filling, and the thousand-grain weight and yield of wheat were lower than in previous years. During the harvest period, the temperature was low and there was more rainfall, which was not conducive to harvesting.

[0084] Bijie: Soil moisture was good after sowing, seedlings emerged normally, and the basic seedlings of various varieties met the test requirements; during the heading-flowering period, the temperature was low and rainy for more than 20 days, which had a certain impact on flowering and pollination.

[0085] (5) Test results

[0086] The experimental yield data and other agronomic traits were statistically analyzed using the average method. As there are too many tabular data to display them one by one, only the comprehensive test results of Qian 15168 are described.

[0087] Guizhou 15168: The average yield per mu is 311.7 kg, which is 6.83% higher than the control. All 7 pilot sites have increased yield, accounting for 100% of the total number of pilot sites, and the yield ranks third; the growth period is 191 days, which is equivalent to the growth period of the control. The basic seedlings are 134,000 per mu, the highest seedlings are 331,000 per mu, the number of ears per mu is 242,000, the number of grains per ear is 41.7, the thousand-grain weight is 43.5 grams, the plant height is 86 cm, the seedlings are upright, the maturity is good, the spindle ears, white shells, long awns, white grains, semi-hard, the grains are relatively full, and not easy to fall.

[0088] Experimental Test Three

[0089] Quality testing of new wheat varieties of Qian 15168 in the 2020-2021 Guizhou Provincial Wheat Regional Trial

[0090] (1) Test varieties (lines) and sample sending units

[0091] The name of the variety, breeding unit, quality sample delivery unit and sample delivery status of the materials for inspection are shown in Table 4, among which Guinong No. 19 is the control variety:

[0092] Table 4 Test varieties (lines) and sample delivery units

[0093]

[0094] (2) Test procedure

[0095] Sample collection → Sample registration → Sample screening and processing → Equal sample mixing → Grain quality testing → Flour milling → Flour quality

[0096] Quality testing → summary of test results → quality classification and evaluation according to national standards → regional test quality test report.

[0097] (3) Test method basis

[0098] Sample processing: Clean the wheat seeds provided by the sample delivery unit according to GB 1351 standard, remove the germinated, moldy, damaged grains, and mechanically mixed grains, and mix them evenly in equal amounts according to the variety. Weigh 1000 grams of seeds of each variety (line), grind them, sieve them, and store them in a sealed container for 15 days.

[0099] Bulk density: tested according to GB 5498.

[0100] Grain protein content: tested according to GB 2905.

[0101] Wet gluten content of flour: tested by machine washing method according to GB 14608.

[0102] Flour sedimentation value: tested by Zeleny test method according to ISO 5529.

[0103] Flour stability time: Tested by farinograph method according to GB 14614.

[0104] (4) Quality test results and analysis

[0105] The quality test results of wheat regional trial varieties in Guizhou Province in 2020-2021 are shown in Table 5:

[0106] Table 5 Quality test results of wheat regional trial lines in Guizhou Province in 2020-2021

[0107]

[0108] Among them, Qian 15168 has a bulk density of 782 g / L, a protein content of 12.1%, a wet gluten content of 26.8%, a sedimentation value of 20.8 ml, and a dough stability time of 1.6 minutes, and is a weak gluten wheat.

[0109] Experimental Test 4

[0110] Guizhou 15168 participated in the SS detection of new varieties in the Guizhou wheat regional trial from 2021 to 2022

[0111] In accordance with the provisions of my country's agricultural industry standard "Technical Procedures for Wheat Variety Identification - SSR Molecular Marker Method" (NY / T2470-2013), the Guizhou Branch of the National Wheat Improvement Center used SSR molecular marker technology to conduct specific detection of 13 lines or varieties (12 new lines and 1 control variety) participating in the general group of the Guizhou wheat regional trial from 2021 to 2022. The purpose is to preliminarily detect the specificity, consistency and stability of wheat lines, and provide a certain reference basis for the approval, identification, protection and utilization of wheat varieties in our province.

[0112] (1) Test procedures

[0113] Sample collection → sample registration → seed germination and leaf collection → single plant leaf DNA extraction → purity and consistency test → SSR primer screening → polymorphism detection → amplification band 0-1 digitization → cluster analysis → regional trial variety SSR detection report.

[0114] (2) SSR detection results and analysis

[0115] 1) Seed purity testing

[0116] Randomly take 50 seeds from each material and culture them in shallow soil at a constant temperature of 25℃, maintain appropriate moisture, take 0.2g of leaves from each plant at the three-leaf stage, extract the total DNA of each plant by CTAB method, and store the extracted DNA samples at 4℃. Randomly select 20 plant leaf DNA from each new line material for SSR amplification. Select 10 pairs of SSR core primers for purity detection of 10 new lines.

[0117] Detection basis: When a certain SSR locus of a wheat variety produces two or more SSR band types among different plants, if the band types of a certain plant at three or more SSR loci are different from those of the variety or most plants, it is regarded as a hybrid plant.

[0118] Calculation formula: Variety purity (%) = (20-number of hybrids) / 20×%

[0119] The test results of Guizhou 15168 are shown in Table 6:

[0120] Table 6 Seed purity test results

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] 2) Detection of SSR locus purity of varieties

[0124] Ten pairs of SSR core primers were used to detect the purity of SSR loci for each test variety, and a total of 83 loci were detected for each variety. The core primer names and the number of detection loci are shown in Table 7:

[0125] Table 710 Core Primer Names and Detection Site Numbers

[0126] Serial number Primers Number of detection sites 1 Xbarc5 6 2 Xbarc14 6 3 Xgwm155 3 4 Xgwm161 9 5 Xgwm357 9 6 Xgwm429 9 7 Xgwm513 11 8 Xgwm570 5 9 Xgwm610 17 10 Xgpw2269 8

[0127] The pure site ratio of Qian 15168 was 96%, and the number of impure sites was 3.

[0128] 3) Variety-specific testing

[0129] When comparing the DNA fingerprint of varieties, we first removed the DNA samples of foreign plants, and selected 10 stable single-plant DNA samples that can represent the characteristics of the variety and mixed them for variety-specific detection. SSR polymorphism analysis was performed using 21 pairs of primers. After further amplification analysis, the 21 pairs of SSR primers were different among 13 materials, and their amplification bands were stable and polymorphic, so the SSR fingerprint code of the variety could be constructed.

[0130] According to the results of SSR primer amplification maps, the SSR amplification products were recorded as "1" if there was a band at the same migration position (same molecular weight fragment), and "0" if there was no band. All of them were counted as 1 and 0 to establish a database. After being converted into a numerical matrix, the NTSYSpc2.10e analysis software was used for analysis, and the genetic similarity coefficients of the 12 new lines and the control varieties were obtained, as shown in Table 8. The Qualitative data in the software was used for matrix analysis and SASAHN Clustering to calculate the genetic distance, and the kinship dendrogram was constructed according to the UPMGA method, as shown in Table 8. Figure 2 shown.

[0131] Table 8 Genetic similarity coefficients of SSR analysis of wheat materials in Guizhou provincial trials in 2021-2022

[0132] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 1.00 2 0.622 1.00 3 0.622 0.570 1.00 4 0.756 0.669 0.680 1.00 5 0.616 0.645 0.552 0.733 1.00 6 0.581 0.657 0.564 0.651 0.640 1.00 7 0.605 0.599 0.552 0.581 0.593 0.616 1.00 8 0.651 0.727 0.576 0.640 0.709 0.663 0.536 1.00 9 0.715 0.605 0.547 0.645 0.657 0.669 0.634 0.657 1.00 10 0.628 0.541 0.669 0.581 0.488 0.558 0.593 0.523 0.517 1.00 11 0.541 0.663 0.570 0.587 0.564 0.645 0.645 0.529 0.570 0.436 1.00 12 0.843 0.523 0.535 0.645 0.506 0.529 0.517 0.576 0.605 0.587 0.407 1.00 13 0.640 0.704 0.611 0.663 0.628 0.721 0.698 0.547 0.645 0.523 0.901 0.483 1.00

[0133] In Table 8, 1 to 13 are: Guinong wheat 19-9, Qian 15168, Guinong wheat 20-1, Guinong wheat 20-9, Zhongke wheat 2109, An 2020-1, Xingyu 14042, Guinong wheat 2018, Jimai No. 4, Chuanmai 2004, Qian 13xia 245, Guinong wheat 19-18, Guinong 19 (ck).

[0134] As shown in Table 12, the genetic similarity coefficients of all 13 materials are between 0.483 and 0.901, and there are more than 10 pairs of primers between each pair. According to the standard, the tested varieties are different. Cluster analysis of these varieties and the varieties approved in previous years shows that there are more than 5 pairs of primers that are different. According to the standard, the tested varieties are new varieties.

[0135] In July 2023, Qian 15168 passed the approval of the Guizhou Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee (Qianshenmai 2023001) and was named Qianmai 23.

[0136] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned method for breeding new high-yield, disease-resistant weak-gluten wheat varieties, takes disease-resistant dwarf wheat as the female parent, and conducts composite hybridization with weak-gluten, high-yield, and disease-resistant wheat germplasm year by year, combines molecular marker-assisted selection with weak-gluten quality detection, and finally breeds wheat varieties with good yield, excellent disease resistance, and quality that meets the weak-gluten requirements.

[0137] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding new high-yield, disease-resistant, weak-gluten wheat varieties, characterized in that: Here are the steps: S1. Select disease-resistant dwarf wheat as hybrid parents; S2. Using the parents obtained in step S1, a composite hybridization method is used to construct an intermediate population of disease-resistant weak-gluten dwarf wheat; S3. The intermediate population of disease-resistant weak-gluten and dwarf wheat obtained in step S2 is used through conventional breeding methods to obtain a high-yield, disease-resistant weak-gluten wheat variety.

2. The method for breeding new high-yield, disease-resistant and weak-gluten wheat varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the method of composite hybridization comprises the following steps: S2-1, using disease-resistant dwarf sterile wheat as the female parent and the weak-gluten variety Mianmai 185 as the male parent to cross, obtain the first round of F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population; S2-2, sowing the first round of F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population obtained in step S2-1, selecting a dwarf sterile plant as the female parent and hybridizing it with the high-yield parent Xinmai 26 to obtain a second round of F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population; S2-3, sowing the second round of F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population obtained in step S2-2, selecting the second dwarf sterile plant as the female parent and hybridizing it with the weak-gluten variety Mianmai 185 to obtain the third round of weak-gluten quality enhanced F1 dwarf sterile intermediate population; S2-4, the third round of weak-gluten quality-enhanced F1 dwarf abortive intermediate population obtained in step S2-3 of sowing is hybridized by selecting three dwarf sterile plants as the female parent and the wheat line 0938F6 with high resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew as the male parent to obtain a disease-resistant weak-gluten dwarf abortive intermediate population of wheat.

3. The method for breeding a new high-yield, disease-resistant and weak-gluten wheat variety according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the specific steps of the conventional breeding method are as follows: S3-1, select fertile plants with excellent disease resistance, plant height and plant leaf shape from the F1 generation of the middle population of disease-resistant weak-gluten dwarf wheat; S3-2, the F2 generation of the intermediate population of disease-resistant weak-gluten dwarfing wheat uses disease-resistant molecular markers to assist breeding and select individual plants with excellent disease resistance, plant height, and plant and leaf shape; S3-3, planting the individual plants selected in step S3-2 into plant lines, identifying the disease resistance and high yield of the plant lines, and harvesting single ears of the stable disease-resistant and high-yield plant lines; S3-4, planting the single ear selected in step S3-3 into ear lines, identifying the disease resistance of the ear lines with the help of molecular marker-assisted breeding, selecting ear lines with good disease resistance, suitable plant height, and compact plant and leaf shape, and selecting stable disease-resistant and high-yield ear lines for harvest; S3-5. Combined with the detection of weak-gluten wheat quality indicators, the spike lines harvested in step S3-4 are selectively bred to breed stable strains with excellent traits, disease resistance and weak gluten.

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