Steeply inclined thin ore body non-explosive mechanical rock breaking follow-up filling continuous mining method

Abstract

A steeply inclined thin ore body non-explosive mechanical rock breaking follow-up filling continuous mining method comprises the steps that a stope is arranged in the trend of an ore body, the stope height is the middle section height, a raise boring machine is used for drilling a guide hole from top to bottom in the middle of the ore body along the inclination angle of the ore body in an upper middle section rock drilling roadway, and a cutterhead is installed in a lower middle section rock drilling roadway; and the ore body is reversely cut from bottom to top, crushed ore rock debris falls down by virtue of self weight, and ore removal is carried out by trackless equipment. A certain number of mining raises are cut to serve as a stoping unit to follow filling, blasting is not needed in the whole stoping process, and continuous mining is achieved without remaining pillars. According to the method, the raise boring machine is used for mechanical rock breaking instead of a traditional blasting ore breaking mining process, the mechanical and intelligent mining level of the steeply inclined thin ore body is greatly improved, and the method has the advantages of safe operation, simple process, high efficiency, low cost and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of underground mining, and in particular relates to a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking and filling continuous mining method for a steeply inclined thin ore body. Background Art

[0002] Thin ore veins are widely distributed in underground metal mines in my country, especially in rare and precious metal deposits such as gold, silver, tungsten, and molybdenum, and most of them are strategic mineral resources. The mining of such ore bodies traditionally adopts the comprehensive mining method of shallow hole ore dropping, shallow hole ore retention method, wall cutting and filling method, and upward or downward layered filling method. The above mining methods generally have the disadvantages of low mechanization, multiple operation cycles, discontinuous mining, poor safety, and difficulty in controlling ore loss and dilution.

[0003] In view of the safety hazards of traditional methods (large number of mining sites and large number of operators at the same time), foreign countries have gradually eliminated the above-mentioned mining methods since the 1990s. Most of them have adopted more efficient and safe mining processes such as segmented open-pit method, segmented caving method and segmented filling method. The use of medium-deep hole mining, mechanized rock drilling and transportation has become the most common mining method, using mechanized, large-scale and less-manpowered mining to offset the cost increase caused by dilution. Based on the traditional methods, domestic thin vein mining has developed several deformation schemes in recent years to adapt to the changes in thin vein mining conditions. These deformation schemes are mostly considered from the aspects of ground pressure management, ore release optimization, cost reduction and improvement of working surface safety, such as wall-type explosive force mining and comprehensive mining method, pseudo-inclined wall cutting and filling method, and cutting mining method, so that the thin ore body mining technology is continuously improved. At present, deep hole blasting is used by some mines to recover steeply inclined thin veins, which reduces the production cost of mines to a certain extent. Due to the discontinuous and complex blasting process, the process requires drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation (exhausting blasting smoke, toxic and harmful gases), and the blasting vibration has a great disturbance to the surrounding rock. In the case of poor rock mass conditions of steeply inclined thin veins, full-section support (such as prying, anchor net support, etc.) is required. These operations are not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also greatly increase the construction cost. In steeply inclined thin veins, the blasting depth of shallow hole blasting is only 3~5 meters, or even less, resulting in a small amount of ore output. In addition, the above process needs to be repeated, and workers are exposed to work under the roof, with high operating risks and low safety. In metal mines, it is easy to cause roof collapse accidents. Therefore, deep hole blasting is used to recover steeply inclined thin veins. Due to the difficulty in coordination of various links, it is difficult to achieve continuous production, and it is impossible to effectively control the depletion loss index, and it is difficult to achieve large-scale, efficient and continuous mining of thin veins in confined spaces. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention solves the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a non-explosive mechanical rock breaking and following-filling continuous mining method for steeply inclined thin ore bodies, which has a simple and continuous recovery operation process, a high degree of mechanization, flexible following-filling settings, and a high degree of mining-filling coordination. The present invention is suitable for the mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies with a thickness of 2.0-4.0m, an inclination angle greater than 60º, and a ore-rock f coefficient of 8-12, and can effectively avoid the problems of blasting disturbance, toxic and harmful gases, high labor intensity, and discontinuous mining in drilling and blasting mining.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention first proposes a steeply inclined thin ore body non-explosive mechanical rock breaking followed by filling continuous mining method, which specifically includes the following steps: S1. The stope is arranged along the direction of the ore body, no pillars are left in the stope, and continuous mining is carried out; S2. Mining approval engineering includes mining area ramps, transport lanes, connecting roads, and mining field connecting roads; S3. After the construction of the mining and cutting project is completed, mining will begin, and continuous mining and follow-up filling will be carried out from one side along the direction of the ore body. Specifically, the raise drill moves in the mining and rock drilling tunnel of the ore body to mine the entire middle section height, and one mining is the entire middle section height; the raise drill forms a mining raise each time it mines, and multiple mining raises are regarded as a mining unit, and the mining unit is followed by filling, and the mining and filling are coordinated and continuously operated until the mining of the entire stope is completed; S4. After the construction is completed, the top plate shall be managed and supported by single or combined support methods such as anchor cables, anchor rods, hanging nets, and shotcrete.

[0006] In this embodiment, mining and rock drilling tunnels are arranged in the mining area along the direction of the ore body. The mining and rock drilling tunnels include an upper middle section rock drilling tunnel and a lower middle section rock drilling tunnel constructed at the upper and lower parts of the mining area respectively along the direction of the ore body. The spacing between the upper middle section rock drilling tunnel and the lower middle section rock drilling tunnel matches the working size of the shaft drilling rig.

[0007] In this embodiment, the width of the mining area is the thickness of the ore body, and the equipment passage includes ramps, connecting roads, transport tunnels and mining drilling tunnels. The size of the equipment passage is not less than the size of the shaft drill and the trackless mining transportation equipment. The shaft drill and the trackless mining transportation equipment enter the mining area through ramps, connecting roads, transport tunnels and mining area connecting roads.

[0008] In this embodiment, in step S3, when the raise drill is mining, the raise drill first moves to a set position in the upper middle section rock drilling tunnel, and then the raise drill uses a roller drill bit to drill a guide hole downward along the inclination direction of the ore body. The guide hole connects the upper middle section rock drilling tunnel and the lower middle section rock drilling tunnel of the ore body. Construction personnel install a cutter disc in the lower middle section rock drilling tunnel and on the drill rod of the raise drill. The raise drill drives the cutter disc to move from bottom to top along the guide hole to cut and break the rock. The broken ore and rock chips fall into the lower middle section rock drilling tunnel by their own gravity and are carried out of the ore by trackless mining transportation equipment.

[0009] In this embodiment, the diameter of the cutter head is greater than the thickness of the ore body, and the guide hole is located at the center of the ore body.

[0010] In this embodiment, the swing angle of the working mechanism of the raise boring machine matches the inclination angle of the ore body.

[0011] In this embodiment, the trackless mining transport equipment is a mining truck or a scraper.

[0012] In this embodiment, in step S3, the follow-up filling specifically includes the following steps: combining a certain number of mining shafts as a mining unit for centralized filling according to the surrounding rock stability classification, specifically, when the surrounding rock is moderately stable, 5 to 10 mining shafts are used as a mining unit, and when the surrounding rock is unstable, 2 to 4 mining shafts are used as a mining unit.

[0013] In this embodiment, the filling is selected from waste rock filling or tailings cementation filling or a mixture of the two, and cutting and recovery operations are performed after the filling is completed.

[0014] In this embodiment, when the stope is being mined, fresh air flows into the stope through the transport level tunnel and the stope connecting road, and the polluted air washing the stope enters the lower middle drilling tunnel and the stope connecting road through the mining skylight and is discharged.

[0015] Due to the above structure, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention aims at the characteristics of steeply inclined thin ore bodies, which are thin and have a large inclination angle. The present invention uses a raise drill to achieve non-blasting cutting and ore dropping. There is no blasting operation or blasting vibration during the mining process, which causes little damage to the surrounding rock mass and does not produce toxic and harmful gases. The ventilation conditions are good, and the operation safety is greatly improved compared with the drilling and blasting method. In addition, the raise drill has the characteristics that each mining is done once for the entire middle section height, and no other mining and approval works are required between the middle sections, which greatly simplifies the mining and approval and reduces the production and mining costs. (2) The present invention utilizes a raise drill to mechanically cut and break rocks, and manual operation is required only when installing the cutterhead. The trackless mining transportation equipment for unearthing the ore can be operated manually or remotely, which greatly reduces the time spent working under the roof and greatly improves safety.

[0016] (3) Since there is no blasting operation, the support engineering and blasting supplies expenditures are greatly reduced. In addition, the ore cuttings after mechanical cutting do not need to be crushed again at multiple stages before entering the mineral processing process. The overall mining cost is lower than that of the traditional drilling and blasting method.

[0017] (4) The raise drill of the present invention forms a mining raise each time it mines. Multiple mining raises can partially overlap, thereby reducing ore loss. Multiple mining raises serve as a mining unit, which is convenient and timely for filling and controlling ground pressure.

[0018] To sum up, the present invention combines the characteristics of steeply inclined thin ore bodies and the advantages of mechanical rock breaking of shaft drills, expands the application scope of shaft drills, and uses them for underground metal mining, thereby solving the problems of poor safety, poor operation continuity, high labor intensity, and poor working environment in traditional drilling and blasting mining of hard rock metal mines. It has the advantages of simple and continuous mining operation process, high degree of mechanization, conducive to realizing automation and intelligence, flexible setting of follow-up filling, and high degree of mining and filling coordination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a front view of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The cross-section at II-II in the middle; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of area A; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of area B in FIG. Figure 5 for Figure 1 The cross-section at III-III in the middle; Figure 6 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view at IV-IV in the middle.

[0020] In the figure: 1. upper middle section rock drilling tunnel; 2. tailings cemented filling body; 3. shaft drilling rig; 4. drill rod; 5. cutter head; 6. mining shaft; 7. filling retaining wall; 8. waste rock; 9. ore cuttings; 10. scraper; 11. lower middle section rock drilling tunnel; 12. ore body; 13. ramp; 14. connecting road; 15. transport level tunnel; 16. mining field connecting road; 17. upper push mechanism; 18. lower push mechanism; 19. thrust cylinder; 20. frame assembly; 21. manipulator; 22. frame assembly; 23. adjusting shoe plate; 24. pump station; 25. reduction box assembly; 26. guide hole; 27. stabilizer bar; 28. hob; 29. ​​cutter seat; 30. knife flap; 31. center box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 6 A non-explosive mechanical rock breaking and filling continuous mining method for steeply inclined thin ore bodies, which specifically includes the following steps: the mining area is arranged along the direction of the ore body, the mining area height is the middle section height, a shaft drilling rig is used to drill a guide hole from top to bottom in the upper middle section rock drilling tunnel and in the middle of the ore body using a roller drill bit along the inclination of the ore body, a cutter head is installed in the lower middle section rock drilling tunnel, and the ore body is cut in reverse from bottom to top, and the broken ore and rock chips fall by their own weight and are transported out of the mine by trackless mining transportation equipment.

[0024] Specifically: S1. The stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body 12. The length of the stope is determined according to the production capacity of the mine. The width of the stope is the thickness of the ore body. In this embodiment, the thickness of the ore body is 3.2m. No pillars are left in the stope. The inclination of the ore body is 75º and the middle section height is 50m.

[0025] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the skylight drilling rig 3 is composed of a pump station 24 and a main machine, the main machine includes a frame assembly 22, a manipulator 21 and a working structure, wherein the working structure includes an upper jacking mechanism 17, a lower jacking mechanism 18, a frame assembly 20, a reduction box assembly 25, a propulsion cylinder 19 and an adjusting shoe plate, wherein the lower jacking mechanism 18 is placed on the frame assembly 20, the cutting disc 5 is installed on the drill rod 4, the cutting disc 5 includes a hob 28, the hob is placed on a cutter seat 29, the cutter seat 29 is placed on a cutter flap 30, and the cutter flap 30 is placed in a central box 31.

[0026] S2. Construction of the mining and cutting project. The mining area ramp 13, connecting road 14, transport tunnel 15, and mining field connecting road 16 are constructed in the upper and lower middle sections of the lower plate of the ore body 12. The upper and middle section rock drilling tunnel 1 and the upper and middle section rock drilling tunnel 11 are constructed in the upper and lower parts of the mining field along the direction of the ore body. In terms of size, the ramp 13 and the transport tunnel 15 are 4m×3.5m (width×height), the connecting road 14 and the mining field connecting road 16 are 3.5m×3.2m (width×height), and the upper and lower middle section rock drilling tunnels 1 and 12 are 4.5m×4.2m (width×height) according to the working size of the shaft drilling rig 3. After the construction of the upper and lower middle section rock drilling tunnels 1 and 12 is completed, anchor net joint support is carried out according to the surrounding rock conditions.

[0027] S3. After the mining and cutting project is completed, mining is carried out. The ore is cut and continuously mined from one side of the ore body 12 using a raise drill rig 3.

[0028] S31, the raise drill 3 is placed in the upper middle section rock drilling tunnel 1 along the direction of the ore body 12, and the retreat type mining is adopted. The working mechanism is laterally offset by 15° according to the inclination of the ore body, and is kept consistent with the inclination of the ore body of 75°. The upper top mechanism 17 and the lower top mechanism 18 of the raise drill 3 are telescoped to the top and bottom plates of the rock drilling tunnel, and the working mechanism is positioned and fixed without pouring the foundation. Then the raise drill 3 uses a roller drill bit to drill downward into the guide hole 26 along the inclination direction of the ore body. The raise drill 3 is operated by remote wireless remote control, and the pump station 24 sends pressure to the propulsion cylinder 19, and the propulsion reduction box assembly 25 drives the drill rod 4 and the drill bit to move downward. The guide hole 26 connects the upper middle section rock drilling tunnel and the lower middle section rock drilling tunnel of the ore body. When drilling the guide hole 26, the cutting rock slag is discharged by the water pump to the upper middle section rock drilling tunnel 1 and collected.

[0029] S32, construction personnel install the cutterhead 5 on the bottom of the drill rod of the raise drilling rig in the lower middle rock drilling tunnel. In this embodiment, the diameter of the cutterhead 5 is 3.5m, which matches the thickness of the ore body. A stabilizing rod 26 is installed at the connection between the cutterhead 5 and the drill rod 4 to stabilize the drill rod and control the construction accuracy. The drill rod 4 is grabbed by the manipulator 21 for automatic loading and unloading, and the reduction gearbox assembly 25 is pushed to drive the drill rod and the cutterhead 5 to move upward to cut and break the rock. After the entire mining raise 6 is connected, the ore is discharged to the lower middle rock drilling tunnel 11 through the mining raise 6 for centralized ore removal; the cutterhead 16 moves upward to cut and break the ore and rock debris 6, which falls to the ground through the mining raise 6 by its own gravity. After the construction of a single mining raise 6 is completed, the shovel 5 is remotely controlled to remove the ore. The above operations are repeated, and continuous mining is carried out along the direction of the ore body.

[0030] S33, after drilling and cutting to form a mining raise 6, a mining cycle is completed, and then the drill rod is unloaded and the raise drill rig 5 is moved. In this embodiment, after completing a mining cycle, the raise drill rig 5 retreats 2.75m (the center distance between the two mining raises), so that the two mining raises are connected at the junction. In this embodiment, five mining raises are used as a mining unit, with a total length of 14.25m along the ore body; and the center distance between the first mining raise of the next mining unit and the last mining raise of the previous mining unit is 3.5m. The above raise arrangement method can make a mining unit form an independent goaf, which is convenient for filling.

[0031] S34, construct a retaining wall 8 in the lower middle section rock drilling tunnel 11, and then carry out backfilling operation in the goaf in the upper section rock drilling tunnel 1, first fill the waste rock 7, and then fill the tailings cemented backfill body 2, to achieve mixed backfilling of waste rock + tailings, which not only utilizes the waste rock, but also improves the strength of the backfill body.

[0032] During the above-mentioned mining process, fresh air flows into the mining and rock drilling tunnel 1 through the upper and middle mining area ramp 13, connecting road 14, transport level tunnel 15, and mining field connecting road 16, and polluted air is discharged through the mining skylight 6 (multiple) and the lower and middle rock drilling tunnel 11.

[0033] S4. After the construction is completed, the top plate shall be managed and supported by single or combined support methods such as anchor cables, anchor rods, hanging nets, and shotcrete.

[0034] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for continuous mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies with non-explosive mechanical rock breaking followed by filling, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. The stope is arranged along the direction of the ore body, no pillars are left in the stope, and continuous mining is carried out; S2. Mining approval engineering includes mining area ramps, transport lanes, connecting roads, and mining field connecting roads; S3. After the construction of the mining and cutting project is completed, mining will begin, and continuous mining and follow-up filling will be carried out from one side along the direction of the ore body. Specifically, the raise drill moves in the mining and rock drilling tunnel of the ore body to mine the entire middle section height, and one mining is the entire middle section height; the raise drill forms a mining raise each time it mines, and multiple mining raises are regarded as a mining unit, and the mining unit is followed by filling, and the mining and filling are coordinated and continuously operated until the mining of the entire stope is completed; S4. After the construction is completed, the top plate shall be managed and supported by single or combined support methods such as anchor cables, anchor rods, hanging nets, and shotcrete.

2. The method for continuous mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies with non-explosive mechanical rock breaking followed by filling according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S2, the mining field arranges mining and rock drilling tunnels in the ore body along the direction of the ore body. The mining and rock drilling tunnels include an upper middle section rock drilling tunnel and a lower middle section rock drilling tunnel constructed at the upper and lower parts of the mining field respectively along the direction of the ore body. The spacing between the upper middle section rock drilling tunnel and the lower middle section rock drilling tunnel matches the working size of the shaft drilling rig.

3. The method for continuous mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies with non-explosive mechanical rock breaking followed by filling according to claim 2 is characterized by: The width of the mining area is the thickness of the ore body. The equipment passages include ramps, connecting roads, transport tunnels and mining drilling tunnels. The size of the equipment passages shall not be less than the size of the shaft drills and trackless mining transportation equipment. The shaft drills and trackless mining transportation equipment enter the mining area through ramps, connecting roads, transport tunnels and mining area connecting roads.

4. The method for continuous mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies with non-explosive mechanical rock breaking followed by filling according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S3, when the raise drill is mining, first the raise drill moves to a set position in the upper middle section rock drilling tunnel and adopts a backward mining method. Then the raise drill uses a roller drill bit to drill a guide hole downward along the inclination direction of the ore body. The guide hole connects the upper middle section rock drilling tunnel and the lower middle section rock drilling tunnel of the ore body. Construction personnel install a cutter head on the drill rod of the raise drill in the lower middle section rock drilling tunnel. The raise drill drives the cutter head to move from bottom to top along the guide hole to cut and break the rock. The broken ore and rock chips fall into the lower middle section rock drilling tunnel by their own gravity and are transported out of the ore by trackless mining transportation equipment.

5. The method for continuous mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies with non-explosive mechanical rock breaking followed by filling according to claim 4 is characterized by: The diameter of the cutter head is greater than the thickness of the ore body, and the guide hole is located at the center of the ore body.

6. The method for continuous mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies with non-explosive mechanical rock breaking followed by filling according to claim 4 is characterized by: The swing angle of the working mechanism of the raise boring machine matches the inclination angle of the ore body.

7. The method for continuous mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies with non-explosive mechanical rock breaking followed by filling according to claim 4 is characterized by: The trackless mining transport equipment is a mining truck or a scraper.

8. The method of continuous mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies with non-explosive mechanical rock breaking followed by filling according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S3, the follow-up filling specifically includes the following steps: combining a certain number of mining shafts as a mining unit for centralized filling according to the surrounding rock stability classification. Specifically, when the surrounding rock is moderately stable, 5 to 10 mining shafts are used as a mining unit; when the surrounding rock is unstable, 2 to 4 mining shafts are used as a mining unit.

9. The method for continuous mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies with non-explosive mechanical rock breaking followed by filling according to claim 8 is characterized by: The filling method is waste rock filling, tailings cementation filling or a mixture of the two, and cutting and mining operations are performed after the filling is completed.

10. The method for continuous mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies with non-explosive mechanical rock breaking followed by filling according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the mine is being mined, fresh air flows into the mine through the transport level tunnel and the mine connecting road, and the polluted air that washes the mine enters the lower and middle rock drilling tunnels and the mine connecting road through the mining skylight and is discharged.

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