New electric energy storage and transportation medium, manufacturing method thereof and special non-combustible and non-exhaust engine

Abstract

According to the new electric energy storage and transportation medium, the manufacturing method thereof and the special non-combustible and non-exhaust engine, the key point is that calcium oxide serving as the new electric energy medium has obvious economic and technical advantages, is solid and stable in property, can be stored and transported for a long time, has the energy density far higher than that of methanol, natural gas and hydrogen, is non-toxic, has no carbon footprint and heavy metal in the whole life cycle, and is rich in raw materials and low in manufacturing cost; the system is suitable for long-time storage and long-distance transportation of distributed photovoltaic and wind power, is widely applicable to scene industries, and is convenient to popularize and promote. Work substances such as calcium oxide, ammonia gas and water used by the non-combustible and non-exhaust engine can be recycled in the system, no tail gas residue is discharged, no waste is generated, and zero pollution is achieved. The energy utilization efficiency of the machine is far higher than that of an existing internal combustion engine, high-pressure and high-temperature acting gas ammonia gas is generated in a non-burning explosion and non-air-compressor compression mode, and no combustion process exists in the whole process. And a solid technical foundation is laid for early realization of a dual-carbon standard reaching task.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric energy storage and transportation, and in particular to a novel electric energy storage and transportation medium calcium oxide, a manufacturing method thereof, equipment used therein, and special equipment using the novel medium calcium oxide - a non-combustion and non-exhaust engine and its working medium. Background technology:

[0002] The existing energy storage and transportation media include traditional cables and various batteries, and recently developed physical energy storage devices, such as heavy lifting, compressed air, flywheel energy storage, etc.; there are also chemical methods for energy storage: electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, manufacture of magnesium hydride to store and transport hydrogen, liquefaction of hydrogen at extremely low temperature and high pressure, use of hydrogen to synthesize ammonia as fuel, combining coal chemical industry to consume electricity to produce methanol instead of gasoline; use of formic acid to consume electricity to produce methanol, etc.

[0003] The disadvantages of new and old batteries are: serious heavy metal pollution, among which manganese dry batteries contain heavy metals such as mercury, nickel, lead, copper, and cadmium, with the most toxic mercury content of 1%-5%; lead-acid batteries contain up to 60%-70% lead, and lead is the main source of pollution; lithium batteries contain lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, etc., and the content varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, but the manufacturing process and after disposal, the pollution is serious, and the use is unsafe, flammable and explosive; sodium batteries contain heavy metal ions such as cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, and lead, which are all toxic pollutants; the zinc-manganese batteries and cobalt-free lithium batteries claimed to be mercury-free and cadmium-free in the Chinese market do not guarantee that heavy metals will not be used throughout the battery life cycle. The above data comes from the "Tiangong Network Inquiry Conclusion". In short, it can be seen that the common defects of various existing batteries are: heavy metal pollution, many scarce components in the materials, high cost, difficult recycling and disposal after disposal, difficult to regenerate, and polluting the environment. Flammable and explosive, with high safety risks in use.

[0004] Various physical energy storage devices cannot conveniently transport electric energy; various cables cannot store electric energy. Long-distance ultra-high voltage power transmission has high technical barriers, high costs, and long construction periods. The power grid cannot accept more unstable environmentally friendly green electricity from wind, solar, and water. Chemical methods use water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, and coal chemical industry to produce methanol. The electricity consumption is high and cannot reduce carbon emissions. According to the latest coal-to-methanol industry report, 1.5 kg of standard coal (containing 10,500 kcal of energy) is used to finally obtain 1 kg of methanol (containing 4,800 kcal of energy), with an energy loss of 54.28%, not including the electricity consumed in the methanol production process. From the analysis of energy consumption and output alone, the coal-to-methanol technology route is a route that consumes energy quickly! When ammonia is used as fuel, the tail gas nitrogen oxide pollution is serious. Electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen is flammable and explosive due to the nature of hydrogen itself, and there are great safety risks in storage and transportation! It is difficult to control.

[0005] The existing storage and transportation media of electric energy, hydrogen, methanol, synthetic ammonia, and magnesium hydride, must be used directly or indirectly in various internal combustion engines as fuel combustion before they can release energy and do useful work externally. The biggest problem with existing internal combustion engines is that their efficiency is very low. According to Tiangong AI, the efficiency of various internal combustion engines is: 48% for liquid fuel rockets, 46% for gas turbines, 37% for diesel engines, 25% for gasoline engines, and 8% for steam locomotives. The main reason for the low efficiency is that internal combustion engines must discharge a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas. The heat energy and expansion energy generated after fuel combustion are discharged from the exhaust gas and discarded in large quantities. The exhaust gas energy consumption accounts for more than 30% (according to Tiangong AI), which is the main factor in the energy loss of internal combustion engines. The existing exhaust gas recycling technology focuses on the recycling of exhaust gas heat energy, such as: thermal catalysis to remove exhaust pollutants, gas turbine Kalina recycling, and organic Rankine cycle heat recovery technology. Only part of the heat energy of the exhaust gas is used, and the airflow impact energy carried away by a large amount of exhaust gas is not fully utilized. The purpose of the most widely used turbocharging technology is to increase the air intake of the cylinder. It only uses part of the heat energy discharged from the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine as the energy required for air intake pressure. The common disadvantages of the existing cylinder exhaust recycling technology are: ① The exhaust energy is not fully concentrated and fully utilized, ② The mechanism is complex and the cost is high. Exhaust is not only a source of pollution, but also a source of carbon emissions and a major cause of energy waste. Complete and complete recovery, centralized utilization of engine exhaust energy, and improving engine energy efficiency are the hot spots and difficulties in today's internal combustion engine technology research.

[0006] Today, my country's green power industry is developing rapidly, and wind power and solar photovoltaic power generation have emerged. However, due to the instability of green power generation, a large amount of green power cannot be connected to the power grid, forcing the phenomenon of abandoning wind power and photovoltaic power to occur in many places. Especially in the northwest of my country, the concentration density of wind power and photovoltaic power generation is extremely high, and the phenomenon of abandoning wind and photovoltaic power occurs from time to time. Therefore, my country urgently needs a new type of electric energy storage and transportation medium that is cheap, safe, efficient, easy to store and transport, non-toxic and pollution-free, rich in manufacturing materials, and stable in physical and chemical properties, as well as a method, equipment and technology system for efficient and convenient use of new media, to open up a new energy era with green power as the main body! Summary of the invention:

[0007] The new medium material used in the present invention for electric energy storage and transportation is a recyclable metal oxide, especially alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth metal oxide. Here, calcium oxide (CaO), which is abundant and cheap, is used as a representative, and ammonia (NH3) and water (H2O) are used as working fluids. Through electric heating furnaces, high-pressure tanks, non-combustion and non-emission engines and other special equipment, the above three compounds are perfectly recycled to achieve zero-emission and zero-pollution conversion of electric energy into useful mechanical energy with high efficiency. Its scientific principles are as follows:

[0008] First, the manufacture of new carriers for electric energy storage and transportation directly converts electric energy into thermal energy, which is used to heat and produce calcium oxide (CaO). The chemical principle reaction equation is as follows, which is carried out in an electric heating furnace: (Heating to 600-700 degrees can quickly decompose) Secondly, the generation of high-pressure and high-temperature gas source, sufficient calcium oxide (CaO) and concentrated ammonia (NH3·H2O) react violently, the chemical reaction equation is as follows, carried out in a closed high-pressure reaction tank: CaO+NH3·H2O=Ca(OH)2+NH3↑………………② (The reaction generates a lot of heat) It produces high-temperature and high-pressure ammonia NH3, which is used in non-combustion and non-emission engines to output power to the outside to perform mechanical work. Finally, after the high-temperature and high-pressure ammonia releases energy through the cylinder of the non-combustion and non-exhaust engine, all the waste ammonia is recycled. The ammonia (NH3) is completely absorbed by water to generate concentrated ammonia water that can be recycled. The chemical reaction equation is as follows, which is carried out in the concentrated ammonia water tank: NH3+H2O=NH3·H2O…………………………③ (Under normal conditions, 1 volume of water H2O can dissolve and absorb 700 volumes of ammonia NH3) After the waste residue calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is collected, it is used for chemical reaction ① recycling. Concentrated ammonia water (NH3H2O) is used for chemical reaction ② recycling. The above three chemical reaction principle equations are based on the current middle school chemistry textbooks. The specific technical solutions and special equipment structures are as follows: Technical solutions and special equipment:

[0009] Part I, in an electric furnace ( Figure 2 ) is a new type of electric energy storage and transportation medium (CaO). According to high school chemistry textbooks, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) can be quickly decomposed into calcium oxide (CaO) and water (H2O) when heated to 600-700 degrees. The chemical reaction equation is: Here, heating is carried out in an electric heating furnace (2), and the thermal efficiency of electric energy can reach up to 99% or more (according to the Tiangongquan.com query, the efficiency of industrial nano electric heating tubes). According to the "Heat of Formation Data Table" on page 391 of the second volume of "Inorganic Chemistry" (Shanghai Education Press, 1981 edition), in the above chemical reaction equation ①, the heat of formation of the three compounds are: -987.3 kJ, -636.01 kJ, and -242 kJ. It can be calculated that the heat of reaction of the chemical reaction is 109 kJ (endothermic). The raw material for the production of calcium oxide (CaO), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), comes from a non-combustible and non-emission engine ( Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Fig.10 ) of high pressure tank( Figure 3) is discharged from the residual calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), because it is mixed with water (H2O) and a small amount of residual ammonia (NH3). During the heating process of calcium oxide (CaO), the electric furnace ( Figure 2 ) must be airtight and the heating temperature is between 600 and 700 degrees. Figure 2 ) The air hole (3) on the top is connected to the ventilation pipe (4), and the water vapor and a small amount of ammonia (NH3) in the pipeline are passed through the pipeline (4) into the water-spraying condenser serpentine pipe (6), and the dilute ammonia water formed after condensation is directly poured into the dilute ammonia water tank (10), sealed for standby use, and added to the water tank (41) in due time. The calcium oxide (CaO) cooled in the furnace is discharged from the discharge port (9) of the electric furnace in the form of dry powder or dry powder after crushing, and is collected and stored in the calcium oxide (CaO) tank (11) or in a sealed bag, and sealed for standby use. The entire calcium oxide (CaO) preparation process and the storage and transportation process of the raw material products are all in a closed and leak-free pipeline or container, which is an independent system. The system can be conveniently set up at the location of the wind power and photovoltaic power station, or beside the main road traffic, playing the role of a "charging pile" or "gas station".

[0010] The second part is the technical solution and special equipment of high temperature and high pressure gas source, in the high pressure tank ( Figure 3 ) to produce high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid ammonia (NH3), the chemical principle reaction equation is: CaO+NH 3' HO=Ca(OH)2+NH3↑………………②, According to the middle school chemistry textbook, this reaction is an exothermic reaction and produces a large amount of heat. According to the "Heat of Formation Data Table" on page 391 of the second volume of "Inorganic Chemistry" (Shanghai Education Press, 1981 edition), the heat of formation of the four compounds in the above chemical reaction ② is: -636.01 kJ·mol -1 -34.748 kJ.mol -1 (This data is obtained from Tiangong AI search and calculation), -987 kJ·mol -1 ,-46.22 kJ.mol -1 , the heat of reaction can be calculated to be 362.76 kJ / mol -1 , (exothermic) It is deduced that 1 kg of calcium oxide releases 6477.86 kJ of energy, equivalent to 1.7994 kWh of electricity, and the expansion work of ammonia (NH3) produced at the same time (under normal conditions) is 0.12313 kWh, totaling 1 kg of calcium oxide produces a total energy of 1.92253 kWh. It is deduced that: 1 meter 3 Calcium oxide (CaO) produces 6440.4755 kWh of energy. The energy density of commonly used energy materials is compared as follows (found by Tiangong AI): 1 meter 3 Standard coal: 8137 kWh per meter 3 Methanol – 4,300 kWh, 1 meter 3 Natural gas - 10 kWh, 1 meter 3 Hydrogen - 39.722 kWh, 1 meter 3 Gasoline - 12777.78 kWh, 1 meter 3 Calcium oxide - 6440.5 kWh (above)

[0011] Obviously, calcium oxide (CaO) has a high energy density, and the energy utilization efficiency of the non-combustible and non-emission engine of the present invention is also very high, because the following two technologies are adopted: (1) The exhaust gas is completely recycled and reused without consuming energy in the process, achieving zero emission (described later). (2) The full energy of high-pressure and high-temperature gas is fully utilized, and the static pressure energy of high-pressure gas (energy conversion is completed by cylinder and piston connecting rod, described later) and airflow impact kinetic energy (completed by turbine and coaxial series, described later) are converted into mechanical energy output respectively. Therefore, there is almost no waste of energy, except for the inevitable heat energy loss (heat conduction and heat radiation, which can be reduced by wrapping the heat insulation material outside the cylinder body and the pipeline), the rest is all converted into useful mechanical energy. In summary, the use of new electric energy storage and transportation medium calcium oxide and the matching non-combustible and non-emission engine technology has an energy utilization efficiency far higher than any other internal combustion engine. (Rough theoretical calculation shows that the energy utilization efficiency is not less than 79%: 46% thermal efficiency of gas turbine + 33% average thermal efficiency loss of internal combustion engine exhaust = 79%). Based on the specific heat capacity of NH3 (2.16 j / gk), it can be deduced that the heat released by the reaction (assuming that all the heat of reaction is used to heat the generated ammonia NH3) can increase the temperature of the generated ammonia (NH3): 362.76 kj ÷ (2.16 j / gk × 17 g) = 8979 k. It is enough to ensure that the temperature of ammonia (NH3) continues to rise to above the critical temperature of 132.4 degrees, so as to ensure that the high-temperature ammonia will not be compressed into liquid under high pressure, and ensure the state stability of ammonia (NH3) under high temperature and high pressure, so that it can be kept in the cylinder ( Figure 4 )'s expansion work PV is all converted into mechanical work and output.

[0012] High pressure tank( Figure 3) structure, the whole is rugby-shaped, and the material is stainless steel 316L or other ammonia corrosion-resistant materials. The upper end is provided with a can cover (20), which is tightly connected through a cover flange (21) and a body flange (23). An aluminum alloy sealing gasket (22) is provided between the flanges. A suitable circular plane is provided in the center of the can cover (20), which is the position (16) of the magnetic wheel (14) for transmitting power inside and outside the tank body. The magnetic wheel (14) is provided at corresponding positions on both sides of the position (16). A coupling, a bearing, a sealing member, etc. can also be provided at the corresponding position to transmit the power of the motor (15) to the high-pressure tank body ( Figure 3 ), a powder feed port (12), a high-pressure concentrated ammonia inlet valve (19), a high-pressure ammonia outlet valve (13), a high-pressure safety valve (18) and a high-pressure gauge (17) and other instrument valves and electronic control components and sensors are all distributed on the can cover (20), a two-layer bracket (31) (28) is arranged in the can, and a auger (30) is set up through a bearing (32) (29). The auger (30) is powered by a motor (15). The auger (30) can rotate forward and reversely to make the high-pressure tank ( Figure 3 ) The powder in the tank is turned up and down in the tank, achieving uniform reaction of the materials and rapid discharge of the reaction residue out of the tank. The outlet (24) for discharging the residue at the bottom of the tank is usually closed by a high-pressure ball valve (25) to ensure that the high-pressure tank ( Figure 3 ) The high-pressure ammonia (NH3) in the body does not leak. When the reactant residue in the tank needs to be discharged, the high-pressure tank ( Figure 3 ) is discharged from the tank body, and the discharged residual ammonia (NH3) is collected into the diluted ammonia water tank (10) through the pipeline, and sealed for standby use. Then, the high-pressure tank ( Figure 3 ) and the Ca(OH)2 tank body (1) are sealed and connected, the high-pressure tank ( Figure 3 ) body, remove the residual calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and put it into the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) tank (1), seal it for standby use. It is used as the reaction raw material of chemical reaction ① and recycled.

[0013] Part III: Non-combustion and non-emission engines ( Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Fig.10 ) working principle and structure, its main components include: a, no less than 2 high pressure tanks ( Figure 3 ), b, no less than 1 working cylinder ( Figure 4 or Figure 7 Fig.10 ), c, several coaxial turbines ( Fig. 9 ), d, concentrated ammonia water tank (56), e, water tank (41). Others include pipelines, valves, high-pressure water pumps, instruments, and electronic control system supporting parts. The working cylinder has the following structural forms:

[0014] Ⅰ, horizontal working cylinder ( Figure 4 ): The inner cavity of the cylinder body is cylindrical (33) and is tightly connected to the left and right cylinder head (36, 46) flanges (39, 54) through the cylinder body flanges (34, 40, 43, 55) at both ends. The piston (42) divides the cylinder into a left chamber and a right chamber. The left end cylinder cover (36) is equipped with a high-pressure ammonia gas inlet valve (37) and an outlet valve (35). The right end cylinder cover (46) is equipped with a high-pressure ammonia gas inlet valve (45) and an outlet valve (52). Turbines (72) are respectively arranged at corresponding positions at the outlets of the outlet valves (35, 52). The two turbines (72) are coaxial. A cylindrical connecting rod hole (48) for a connecting rod (50) to enter and exit the right chamber is arranged at the center of the middle circle of the right end cylinder cover (46), as well as a sealing fastening flange (51) at the outer end of the hole and 2 to 5 sealing ring grooves (47) in the hole, a swing connecting rod (49), a frame fixing screw (53), a concentrated ammonia water tank (56), a water tank (41), and water spray valves (38, 44).

[0015] Ⅱ, vertical working cylinder ( Figure 7 ): The inner cavity of the cylinder body is cylindrical (33), and is tightly connected to the left and right cylinder head (36, 46) flanges (39, 54) through the cylinder body flanges (34, 40, 43, 55) at both ends. The piston (42) divides the cylinder into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The upper cylinder head (36) is equipped with a high-pressure ammonia inlet valve (37) and an outlet valve (35), and the lower cylinder head (46) is equipped with a high-pressure ammonia inlet valve (45) and an outlet valve (52). Turbines (72) are respectively provided at corresponding positions at the outlet valves (35, 52). The two turbines (72) are coaxial, and the crank (49), connecting rod (50) and crankshaft support (61) are all arranged in the cylinder. The mechanical work is output outside the cylinder by the cooperation of the magnetic wheel (58) inside the cylinder and the corresponding magnetic wheel (59) outside the cylinder. Of course, it can also be pressed Figure 8 To output mechanical work, the crankshaft (60) extends out of the cylinder and passes through the cylinder wall where a bearing (64) and a sealing ring (65) are arranged.

[0016] Ⅲ, multi-cylinder arrangement, based on 6 common common structure internal combustion engine cylinders Fig.10 For example, a multi-cylinder non-combustion engine structure is described. Each cylinder (69) is provided with a piston (70) and a connecting rod. Each cylinder (①②③④⑤⑥) shares a crankshaft (71). Each cylinder outlet (66) is provided with a turbine (72) and each turbine (72) is connected in series to the same turbine shaft (67). The total exhaust port (68) of the turbine discharges the tail gas into the concentrated ammonia water tank (56). Atomizing water spray ports (38, 44) are provided at the total exhaust port (68) and in the concentrated ammonia water tank (56) to quickly absorb dissolved ammonia. Water is supplied by a water tank (41). A control operation system is formed by supporting pipelines, valves, and instruments. The combustion chamber of the original internal combustion engine does not burn fuel. It is only a cylinder filled with high-temperature and high-pressure ammonia to push the piston to move.

[0017] The fourth part is the principle and equipment for recycling low-temperature and low-pressure ammonia gas discharged from the turbine of the non-combustion and non-exhaust engine. When the ammonia gas is introduced into the concentrated ammonia water tank (56), a certain amount of water is sprayed into the tank, and the following reaction occurs: NH3+H2O=NH3·H2O…………………………③ According to the middle school chemistry textbook, under normal conditions, 1 volume of water can dissolve and absorb 700 volumes of ammonia gas to form concentrated ammonia water, with the highest ammonia water concentration being above 35%. This concentrated ammonia water is pumped into the high-pressure tank (62) or (63) by the high-pressure pump (73) in a timely manner to participate in the chemical reaction ② and be recycled.

[0018] The non-combustion and non-exhaust engine ( Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Fig.10 ) is produced by the reaction of calcium oxide (CaO) and concentrated ammonia water, not by compressed gas from an air compressor or by the explosion of fuel. This is one of the important features of a non-combustible and non-emission engine that is different from existing internal combustion engines. The working fluids ammonia (NH3), calcium oxide (CaO) and water (H2O) are recycled and reused in the system, with no carbon element involved, zero emissions and no pollution. This is the second important feature of a non-combustible and non-emission engine. The high-pressure tank ( Figure 3 ) generates ammonia (NH3) as the working gas, and its static pressure is Figure 4 Figure 7 Fig.10 ) pushes the piston connecting rod to output mechanical work, and the impact energy of the high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-speed ammonia gas flow discharged from the outlet of each cylinder drives the turbines to rotate and output mechanical work again, thus achieving: "a certain amount of high-pressure gas, outputting mechanical work twice" is the third important feature of the non-combustion and non-emission engine. Since the high-temperature and high-pressure ammonia gas is provided by continuous chemical reactions, in theory, in each work process, the high-pressure tank ( Figure 3 ) The gas pressure inside the working cylinder, the gas pressure inside the working cylinder, and the instantaneous gas pressure discharged from the cylinder outlet. The gas pressures at the three locations are always equal, and there is no "pressure decay" phenomenon, thereby improving the energy output efficiency. Description of the drawings: Figure 1 It is a unified overall schematic diagram of the process relationship of each part of the present invention Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of producing calcium oxide (CaO) in an electric heating furnace. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure tank structure Figure 4 Schematic diagram of horizontal cylinder structure Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the process structure of a horizontal cylinder non-combustion and non-exhaust engine Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the process structure of a vertical cylinder non-combustion and non-exhaust engine Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical cylinder crankshaft internal structure Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the exposed structure of the vertical cylinder crankshaft Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of multiple turbines sharing the same shaft Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of a multi-cylinder non-combustion and non-exhaust engine Specific implementation method:

[0020] The following is a systematic description of the operating principle of the entire system in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It starts with the calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) discharged from the non-combustion and non-exhaust engine being collected and sealed in a tank (1), then transported to the electric heating plant, and then heated by an electric heating furnace ( Figure 2 ) inlet (8) is dumped into the electric heating furnace (2), and after the electric heating furnace (2) is sealed, the electric heating furnace is heated to 600-700 degrees, and a decomposition reaction occurs in the furnace:

[0021] The generated water vapor and the residual ammonia gas enter the pipeline (4) through the furnace outlet (3) and are condensed into dilute ammonia water in the serpentine tube (6). A cooling water sprinkler (5) is arranged above the serpentine tube (6) to continuously spray cooling water on the serpentine tube (6). The liquid dilute ammonia water formed in the serpentine tube (6) is stored in a dilute ammonia water tank (10) and sealed for standby use. A cooling fan (7) is arranged near the serpentine tube (6) to blow air to the serpentine tube (6) to accelerate cooling. The calcium oxide (CaO) generated in the electric heating furnace (2) is discharged from the furnace outlet (9) and stored in a calcium oxide (CaO) tank (11) after cooling. The tank is sealed for standby use. At this point, the new medium manufacturing path in the electric heating plant is completed.

[0022] The following is the internal circulation path of the non-combustion and non-exhaust engine: The calcium oxide (CaO) in the tank (11) is loaded into the high-pressure tank (62) through the feed port (12) of the high-pressure tank (62), all valves of the high-pressure tank (62) are closed, the motor (15) is started, and the auger (30) starts to stir the calcium oxide (CaO) powder. At the same time, the concentrated ammonia valve (19) is opened to pressurize the concentrated ammonia delivered from the concentrated ammonia tank (56) through the high-pressure pump (73) and then sprayed into the high-pressure tank (62), and a violent reaction occurs in the tank: CaO+NH3·H2O=Ca(OH)2+NH3↑………………② A large amount of heat is generated (according to the "laboratory ammonia production student experiment" of high school chemistry). The reaction releases 362.76 kj / mol of heat. (As mentioned above), the pressure and temperature in the tank rise sharply until the high pressure gauge (17) shows 10-12 atmospheres. The concentrated ammonia valve (19) and the motor (15) are closed to stop the chemical reaction ②. At the same time, four valves are opened: the high pressure tank ( Figure 3 ) high-pressure ammonia outlet valve (13), left chamber high-pressure ammonia inlet valve (37), right chamber high-pressure ammonia outlet valve (52), concentrated ammonia water tank spray valve (44), ammonia flow is as follows: high-pressure tank (62) 高压氨气 → Left ventricle → piston 高压氨气 →Right ventricle 高压氨气 →Exhaust valve 高压氨气 →Turbine 低压氨气 →Concentrated ammonia water tank 喷水 → Concentrated ammonia water, complete the left ventricular work process; at the same time, close the three valves (37, 52, 44,), open the three valves (45, 35, 38,), the ammonia process is as follows: high pressure tank (62) 高压氨气 →Right Chamber → Piston 高压氨气 →Left Ventricle 高压氨气 →Exhaust valve 高压氨气 →Turbine 低压氨气 →Concentrated ammonia water tank 喷水 → concentrated ammonia water, completing the right chamber work process. When the pressure in the high-pressure tank (62) gradually drops below 8 atmospheres, restart the chemical reaction ② in the high-pressure tank (62) to start the pressurization and temperature increase process. After the pressure returns to within the set range of 8-12 atmospheres, reopen the high-pressure tank (62) to supply air to the cylinder ( Figure 4 ) inputs high-pressure ammonia (NH3), and the cycle is repeated, driving the piston connecting rod and the turbine to output mechanical work to the outside, until the calcium oxide (CaO) in the high-pressure tank (62) is almost completely reacted and consumed, and the high-pressure gauge (17) no longer shows the pressure increase. At this time, the second high-pressure tank (63) is started to replace the high-pressure tank (62) to continue to work. The high-pressure tank (62) is now started to release the residual ammonia (NH3) in the tank to reduce the pressure and unload the solid residue calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in the tank. The calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is transported to the electric furnace ( Figure 2 ) in the recycling reaction of chemical reaction ①. This process of removing residual ammonia and calcium hydroxide is carried out by the site staff at the site where calcium oxide (CaO) is added. At the same time, the intact high-pressure tank ( Figure 3 ) is placed on the engine. This is also the reason why the non-combustible engine is equipped with two or more similar high-pressure tanks (62) (63), which facilitates the rotation and use of the non-combustible and non-emission engine and the calcium oxide manufacturing plant (station). (This process is similar to the process of exchanging natural gas tanks for household purchases)

[0023] Limestone (CaCO3), a natural calcium compound, is the starting material for the first production of calcium oxide (CaO). It is widely found in the continental rock formations of the earth, widely distributed, and extremely easy to obtain. All countries have rich resources, large reserves, low prices, and easy mining. The domestic market prices of various energy materials such as calcium oxide (CaO) are checked, and the cost price comparison table of energy materials consumed for each kilowatt-hour of energy released is as follows: 1 meter 3 Calcium oxide (CaO) 650 yuan, 1 kWh electricity cost: 650 yuan ÷ 6440 kWh = 0.1 yuan / kWh (If recycled calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 is used to make (CaO), the cost is much lower than 650 yuan / m 3 ) 1 meter 3 The average price of standard coal is 900 yuan, and the price of 1 kWh of electricity is: 900 yuan ÷ 8137 kWh = 0.11 yuan / kWh 1 meter 3 The average price of methanol is 3370 yuan, and the price of 1 kWh of electricity is: 3370 yuan ÷ 4300 kWh = 0.78 yuan / kWh 1 meter 3 The natural gas price is 2.61-4.24 yuan, and the price of 1 kWh of electricity is: 3.4 yuan ÷ 10 kWh = 0.34 yuan / kWh 1 meter 3 Hydrogen price 51 yuan ÷ 11.2 meters 3 / kg = 4.55 yuan…4.55 yuan ÷ 40 degrees = 0.114 yuan / degree 1 meter 3 The average price of gasoline is 8,500 yuan, and the price of 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity is: 8,500 yuan ÷ 12,778 kilowatt-hours = 0.665 yuan / kilowatt-hour.

[0020] By comparing the above table, it can be seen that the use of calcium oxide (CaO) of the present invention as a new medium for electric energy storage and transportation, ammonia (NH3) and water (H2O) as circulating working fluids, and a non-combustible and non-emission engine as a power source has the lowest economic cost and is therefore the easiest to popularize and promote.

[0024] As for the cylinder ( Figure 4 , Figure 8 , Fig.10 The recycling method of the "tail gas" ammonia (NH3) discharged from the cylinder outlet valve is as follows: the ammonia (NH3) ejected from the cylinder outlet valve has high speed, high pressure and high temperature, and is directly aimed at the nearby turbine ( Fig. 9 ) is injected, driving the turbine to rotate and output mechanical work again. Finally, the ammonia gas is discharged into the concentrated ammonia water tank (56) along the pipeline, and at the same time, the water from the water tank (41) is sprayed into the concentrated ammonia water tank (56) through the water spray valve (38) (44), and the following chemical reaction occurs: NH3(g)+H2O=NH3·H2O(l)……………………③ The reaction absorbs and dissolves ammonia (NH3) to form liquid concentrated ammonia water, which is stored in the concentrated ammonia water tank (56) for recycling in the chemical reaction ②, thus providing reactants for the chemical reaction ② and avoiding exhaust gas discharge to avoid environmental pollution. (Effects and advantages)

[0025] The new type of electric energy storage and transportation medium calcium oxide (CaO) is made from limestone (CaCO3), a material that is abundant and widespread in nature, and calcium oxide can be recycled. Therefore, the cost is low. For every kilowatt-hour of electricity provided, the cost of the medium calcium oxide consumed is less than 0.1 cent, which is only 15% of gasoline!

[0026] Calcium oxide (CaO) and working fluids ammonia (NH3) and water (H2O) can be recycled. Theoretically, there is no material loss and they can be used for a long time. The only energy consumed is wind and solar energy!

[0027] Calcium oxide has stable chemical properties, is solid, non-toxic, non-explosive and non-flammable, safe, and convenient for long-term storage and transportation. It is suitable for popularization and promotion, and is more suitable for dispersed point distribution of various types of green electricity.

[0028] Zero emissions, no heavy metal pollution, no carbon footprint and no carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle, laying a solid technical foundation for achieving the "dual carbon goals".

[0029] The volume energy density is much higher than that of methanol, natural gas, hydrogen and various types of batteries.

[0030] The high-pressure gas source of the non-combustion and non-exhaust engine does not need to burn fuel or compress gas with an air compressor. It uses ordinary chemical reactions② to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas source, with low vibration and good quiet effect during operation.

[0030] The useful mechanical work output by the non-combustion and non-emission engine adopts the technology of converting the two forces of "gas static pressure" and "gas flow impact force" into useful mechanical work, combined with the technology of instantly recycling all cylinder exhaust gas, without exhaust gas emission, thus avoiding the disadvantage of 30% energy loss in common internal combustion engine exhaust emission, ensuring the minimum attenuation of output function efficiency, and the theoretical efficiency can reach 70%-80% or more (conservative estimate), which is much higher than the 25% of gasoline engine.

[0031] Calcium oxide is a medium for storing electrical energy. Although it cannot be used directly in electrical appliances such as electric motors, it can achieve the same effect as electric motors through the use of non-combustion and non-emission engines: high efficiency, zero emissions, and no pollution!

[0032] What’s important is that the “lunar soil” brought back by Chang’e-6 was found to contain “water H2O molecules” and “ammonia NH3 molecules”. This non-combustible and non-emission engine, which can be used on the moon as a “lunar exploration power” source, has both raw materials and will not have any foreign matter polluting the lunar environment.

[0033] The difficulties of the mechanical manufacturing technology used in the present invention are the pressure-resistant container (generally not more than 15 atmospheres, and the pressure can be increased under special use conditions) and the pipeline gas seal (no leakage). Modern manufacturing technology has broken through these mechanical manufacturing difficulties. The required instruments, valves, and pipelines can be purchased on the market. Developers only need to develop an intelligent "electronic control" system for the valve automatic control system to put it into production. (Implementation Example)

[0034] The inventor borrowed two civilian natural gas tanks, opened a circular opening in the middle of the bottom of the lower end, welded a flange with a diameter of 100 mm, and matched it with a flange with suitable tight sealing. This opening is used as a solid calcium oxide feed port and a residual calcium hydroxide discharge port. Two shaft heads are welded at symmetrical positions on the outside of the tank wall on both sides of the middle section of the tank body. In order to prevent the welding process from destroying the pressure resistance of the tank wall, an annular belt-shaped iron ring "belt" is set at this position, which is tightly clamped on the tank body, and the two shaft heads are welded to the corresponding positions of the "belt". The two shaft heads are equipped with bearings and seats and fixed on the frame. In this way, the high-pressure tank body is handled, which is convenient for manually rotating the high-pressure pipe body up and down, thereby turning it over. The calcium oxide powder in the tank is omitted, and the agitator in the tank and the motor driving the agitator are omitted to achieve uniform reaction with concentrated ammonia water. A high-pressure ammonia water inlet valve is welded on the upper end of the tank body. The other end of the valve is connected in series with the high-pressure water pump and the concentrated ammonia water tank through a high-pressure pipe (the high-pressure oil pipe was used at that time), so as to facilitate the timely input of concentrated ammonia water into the high-pressure tank. The original outlet valve at the upper end of the tank body does not need to be modified and is directly used as a high-pressure ammonia outlet. The original pressure gauge is replaced with a high-pressure gauge. The high-pressure ammonia gas coming out of the high-pressure ammonia outlet is directly introduced into the "air motor" (a 2,000-watt Japanese-made motor purchased by Luqiao, Taizhou, Zhejiang). The exhaust gas of the air motor is completely recovered and introduced into the water tank. After the ammonia water in the water tank is saturated, it is directly recycled as concentrated ammonia water. The entire circulation path is as follows: Calcium oxide was purchased from the market.

Claims

1. New medium for electric energy storage and transportation and its manufacturing method and dedicated non-combustible and non-emission engine, Its characteristics are: (I) New media for the storage and transportation of electric energy, including metal oxides, especially alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, oxides represented mainly by calcium oxide (CaO), and their production methods and equipment (Figure 2). (II) High-temperature and high-pressure gas sources, and the production of high-temperature and high-pressure working gas ammonia (NH 3 ) method and equipment. (iii) Working principle and structure of non-combustion and non-emission engine (Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 10). (iv) Cylinder discharge of non-combustion and non-emission engine (Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 10) Low-temperature and low-pressure ammonia (NH 3 ) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) can be completely recovered and recycled, making the non-combustion and non-emission engine a zero-emission and pollution-free engine.

2. The calcium oxide (CaO) production method and equipment as claimed in claim 1 (FIG. 2), Its characteristics are: The raw materials used are mainly calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), the electric heating furnace (Figure 2) is closed when heated, and a chemical reaction occurs①. The upper part of the structure is provided with a water vapor ammonia vent (3), which directly enters the condenser's serpentine tube (6) through a pipeline (4). The dilute ammonia water formed after condensation is stored in a dilute ammonia water tank (10) and sealed for standby use. The product calcium oxide (CaO) is in the form of dry powder, or in the form of dry powder after being crushed.

3. The high temperature and high pressure gas source as claimed in claim 1, Its characteristics are: high temperature The high-pressure gas source is in a sealed high-pressure tank (Figure 3), and after a common chemical reaction②, a high-temperature and high-pressure ammonia (NH 3 ), the high pressure tank body (FIG. 3) is provided with valves, openings, instruments, sensors, controllers, etc. for gas, liquid, and solid to enter and exit the high pressure tank (FIG. 3). A auger (30) is provided inside the high pressure tank body (FIG. 3). The auger (30) can be driven by a motor (15) outside the tank body through a magnetic wheel (14) or a coupling bearing seal, etc.

4. The working principle and structure of the non-combustion and non-exhaust engine (FIG. 5)(FIG. 6)(FIG. 10) as claimed in claim 1, Its characteristics are: High-temperature and high-pressure ammonia (NH 3 ), releases energy twice to do work: ① in the closed space of the cylinder, the piston connecting rod works to output the static pressure energy of the gas; ② when discharged from the cylinder, the ammonia impacts the turbine set at the exhaust port of each cylinder, outputs the kinetic energy of the air flow impact, and the high-temperature and high-pressure ammonia is converted into low-temperature and low-pressure ammonia after experiencing two work outputs. The main components of the non-combustion and non-emission engine (Figure 5) (Figure 6) (Figure 10): It consists of no less than 2 high-pressure tanks (Figure 3) and several working cylinders (Figure 4) (Figure 7) (Figure 10), a water tank (41), a concentrated ammonia tank (56), an ammonia high-pressure pump (73) and other parts.

5. The low-temperature and low-pressure ammonia (NH 3 ) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) Recycling, Its characteristics are: Low temperature and low pressure ammonia (NH 3 ) encounters the atomized water sprayed into the concentrated ammonia water tank (56), and a chemical reaction ③ occurs. The generated concentrated ammonia water is used for chemical reaction ② and is recycled. The calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) is used as raw material for the preparation of calcium oxide (CaO), participates in chemical reaction①, and is recycled.

6. The cylinder (FIG. 4) of the non-combustion and non-exhaust engine (FIG. 5) as claimed in claim 4, Its characteristics are: The cylinder (FIG. 4) is horizontal, and its connecting rod (50), crank (49), crankshaft mechanism, etc. are arranged outside the cylinder (FIG. 4), and the connecting rod (50) directly passes through the cylinder (FIG. 4) wall to output power; the cylinder (FIG. 7) of the non-combustion and non-exhaust engine (FIG. 6) is vertical, and its connecting rod (50), crank (49), crankshaft (60) mechanism, etc. are arranged inside the cylinder (FIG. 7), and the power is transmitted out of the cylinder (FIG. 7) by the inner magnetic wheel (58) and the outer magnetic wheel (59). Alternatively, after a shaft (64), a gas seal (65), etc. are arranged at the inner and outer magnetic wheels (58, 59), the crankshaft (60) can be directly passed through the cylinder wall to output power.

7. The turbine provided at the exhaust port of each cylinder as claimed in claim 4 (FIG. 9), Its characteristics are: Multiple turbines (Figure 9) are connected in series and share the same turbine shaft to output mechanical work in a centralized manner.

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