Internal combustion engine system utilizing fission reaction capacity of liquid nuclear fuel and working method

Abstract

The invention discloses an internal combustion engine system utilizing fission reaction productivity of liquid nuclear fuel and a working method, relates to the technical field of nuclear power, and solves the problems that an energy generation mode of an existing nuclear power device is low in efficiency, needs a large number of auxiliary systems, is too large in scale and is difficult to apply on a large scale. One end of a fuel mixing tank communicates with a liquid fuel storage tank and a working medium storage tank, and the other end of the fuel mixing tank communicates with an internal combustion engine; the internal combustion engine is communicated with the discharge tank; the discharge tank is respectively communicated with the working medium storage tank and the spent fuel storage tank; the control system is in signal connection with the fuel mixing tank and the internal combustion engine. Liquid nuclear fuel is stored in the liquid fuel storage tank; the excitation device in the internal combustion engine excites the liquid nuclear fuel to perform nuclear reaction to generate heat to heat the working medium to expand so as to apply work to the outside. Liquid nuclear fuel and a working medium are mixed and introduced into the internal combustion engine, heat is generated through limited nuclear fission reaction to heat and expand the medium, and a piston acts to generate energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and in particular to an internal combustion engine system and a working method that utilizes liquid nuclear fuel fission reaction to generate energy. Background Art

[0002] At present, most energy generation devices based on the principle of nuclear fission (such as nuclear reactors) gather a large amount of solid fuel or liquid fuel to exceed the critical volume or critical mass, reach criticality, and use chain fission reactions to continuously generate fission energy. The implementation method is mostly to place solid or liquid fuel in the reactor to form various geometric structures. For example, nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and nuclear submarines use the power generated by nuclear fission reactors to drive propellers, but there is no medium such as water or air in space, so propellers cannot be used. However, propellant can be injected into the reactor, and the propellant will expand rapidly due to heat, and then ejected at high speed from the tail of the engine to generate thrust. However, this energy generation method is inefficient, and requires a large number of auxiliary systems while generating energy, such as control rods, heat conduction systems, safety systems, etc., which leads to high costs and difficulty in large-scale application.

[0003] The present invention will provide a new form of occurrence and control of nuclear fission reactions, which is similar to an internal combustion engine, but changes the power source of the internal combustion engine from the chemical energy of the fuel to nuclear energy, enriching the definition of the internal combustion engine and realizing a new way of utilizing nuclear energy. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems that the energy generation method of the existing nuclear power plant is inefficient, requires a large number of auxiliary systems, and is too large to be applied on a large scale, the present invention proposes an internal combustion engine system that utilizes the fission reaction of liquid nuclear fuel to generate energy. The present invention adopts the form of an internal combustion engine, mixes liquid nuclear fuel with a working medium and introduces it into the internal combustion engine, generates heat through a limited nuclear fission reaction to heat and expand the gas, and causes the piston to do work to generate energy.

[0005] The present invention proposes an internal combustion engine system that utilizes liquid nuclear fuel fission reaction to generate energy, which specifically comprises a liquid fuel storage tank, a working medium storage tank, a spent fuel storage tank, a fuel mixing tank, a discharge tank, a control system and an internal combustion engine, wherein one end of the fuel mixing tank is respectively connected to the liquid fuel storage tank and the working medium storage tank, and the other end is connected to the internal combustion engine; the internal combustion engine is connected to the discharge tank, and the discharge tank is respectively connected to the working medium storage tank and the spent fuel storage tank; the control system is respectively connected to the fuel mixing tank and the internal combustion engine signal; liquid nuclear fuel is stored in the liquid fuel storage tank; the internal combustion engine comprises an excitation device, a crankshaft, a piston, a transition port and a piston channel, the excitation device, the transition port and the piston channel are arranged in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and a crankshaft is rotatably arranged in the combustion chamber; the piston is arranged in the piston channel in the combustion chamber and is rotatably connected to the crankshaft.

[0006] Furthermore, the excitation device is a neutron source or a photon source.

[0007] Furthermore, the internal combustion engine is provided with an exhaust port and an air inlet, both of which are connected to the internal combustion chamber; the internal combustion engine is connected to the fuel mixing tank through the air inlet, and is connected to the discharge tank through the exhaust port.

[0008] Furthermore, the internal combustion engine system utilizing liquid nuclear fuel fission reaction to generate energy also includes a radiation shielding structure, and the liquid fuel storage tank, working medium storage tank, spent fuel storage tank, fuel mixing tank, discharge tank and internal combustion engine are all arranged inside the radiation shielding structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the working medium in the working medium storage tank is hydrogen, helium or carbon dioxide.

[0010] Furthermore, the working medium in the working medium storage tank is a liquid organic medium.

[0011] A method for operating the internal combustion engine system using the above-mentioned liquid nuclear fuel fission reaction energy generation method comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Feeding: Liquid nuclear fuel and working medium are fed into a fuel mixing tank for mixing, and then sprayed into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine in the form of mist;

[0013] Step 2: Compression: Under the action of the piston, the distance between the droplets of the mist liquid nuclear fuel is shortened, and a fission reaction occurs under the action of the excitation device, generating heat to heat the working medium;

[0014] Step 3: Doing work: The working medium expands due to heat, pushing the piston to do work externally;

[0015] Step 4: Exhaust: After the working medium has done work, it is discharged into the exhaust tank together with the nuclear fuel.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the internal combustion engine system and working method for generating energy by utilizing the fission reaction of liquid nuclear fuel described in the present invention are:

[0017] (1) The internal combustion engine system and working method for generating energy by utilizing the fission reaction of liquid nuclear fuel described in the present invention overcome the problems of low efficiency, large number of auxiliary systems, and large scale that make it difficult to apply on a large scale in existing nuclear power plants. The use of liquid fuel allows timely addition of nuclear fuel and treatment of accumulated spent fuel without affecting the operation of the device. At the same time, the heat generated by the fission of the atomized nuclear fuel is promptly extracted, significantly improving the efficiency of using nuclear energy and reducing energy consumption.

[0018] (2) The internal combustion engine system and working method for generating energy by utilizing the fission reaction of liquid nuclear fuel described in the present invention eliminate the control system required in the reactor, greatly simplifying the system, reducing costs and potential safety hazards;

[0019] (3) The internal combustion engine system and working method for utilizing the fission reaction of liquid nuclear fuel to generate energy described in the present invention have a more compact overall structure and are easier to control. The waste heat produced per unit time is less, which is beneficial for heat dissipation. The liquid nuclear fuel supply can be adjusted as needed to control the upper limit of the reaction, which is convenient for precise control of energy output and improvement of device power, thereby avoiding nuclear accidents in existing nuclear reactors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0021] In the attached picture:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a system principle diagram of an internal combustion engine system for generating energy by utilizing fission reaction of liquid nuclear fuel according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is an exhaust state diagram of an internal combustion engine of an internal combustion engine system utilizing liquid nuclear fuel fission reaction to generate energy according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is an intake state diagram of an internal combustion engine of an internal combustion engine system utilizing liquid nuclear fuel fission reaction to generate energy according to the present invention;

[0025] Among them: 1-liquid fuel storage tank, 2-working medium storage tank, 3-spent fuel storage tank, 4-fuel mixing tank, 5-discharge tank, 6-control system, 7-internal combustion engine, 71-excitation device, 72-exhaust port, 73-intake port, 74-crankshaft, 75-piston, 76-transition port, 77-piston channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Specific implementation method 1: See Figure 1-Figure 3The embodiment is described in detail. The internal combustion engine system using liquid nuclear fuel fission reaction to generate energy in the embodiment specifically includes a liquid fuel storage tank 1, a working medium storage tank 2, a spent fuel storage tank 3, a fuel mixing tank 4, a discharge tank 5, a control system 6 and an internal combustion engine 7. One end of the fuel mixing tank 4 is connected to the liquid fuel storage tank 1 and the working medium storage tank 2, and the other end is connected to the internal combustion engine 7; the internal combustion engine 7 is connected to the discharge tank 5, and the discharge tank 5 is connected to the working medium storage tank 2 and the spent fuel storage tank 3; the control system 6 is connected to the fuel mixing tank 4 and the internal combustion engine 7 respectively; the liquid fuel storage tank 1 stores liquid The working medium in the working medium storage tank 2 is a gas such as hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, or a liquid organic medium. When the working medium is a gas, the gas and the liquid nuclear fuel are mixed and then enter the internal combustion engine. The liquid nuclear fuel reacts to release heat, and the gas expands rapidly after being heated, thereby performing work externally through the internal combustion engine 7. When the working medium is a liquid organic medium, the organic medium is mixed with the nuclear fuel in liquid form, and after entering the internal combustion engine 7, the liquid nuclear fuel reacts to release heat, and the organic medium gasifies and expands after being heated, thereby performing work externally through the internal combustion engine 7. After the exhaust gas is cooled, the organic medium is cooled and liquefied.

[0028] The internal combustion engine 7 includes an excitation device 71, a crankshaft 74, a piston 75, a transition port 76 and a piston channel 77. The excitation device 71, the transition port 76 and the piston channel 77 are arranged in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 7, and the crankshaft 74 is rotatably arranged in the combustion chamber; the piston 75 is arranged in the piston channel 77 in the combustion chamber and is rotatably connected to the crankshaft 74.

[0029] The excitation device 71 is a neutron source or a photon source; a nuclear reaction is generated by bombarding the nuclear fuel with a neutron source in a subcritical state of the nuclear fuel, or a photo-fission reaction of the nuclear fuel is induced by an external photon source.

[0030] The internal combustion engine 7 is provided with an exhaust port 72 and an air inlet 73, both of which are connected to the internal combustion chamber; the internal combustion engine 7 is connected to the fuel mixing tank 4 through the air inlet 73, and is connected to the discharge tank 5 through the exhaust port 72; the nuclear fuel and the working medium after the reaction enter the discharge tank 5 together to separate the nuclear fuel and the working medium, and the working medium returns to the working medium storage tank 2, and the nuclear fuel after the reaction is sent to the spent fuel storage tank 3, and the spent fuel storage tank 3 is regularly replaced or sprayed into the combustion chamber together with the original fresh nuclear fuel in a certain proportion to react.

[0031] The internal combustion engine system utilizing liquid nuclear fuel fission reaction to generate energy also includes a radiation shielding structure 8, wherein the liquid fuel storage tank 1, the working medium storage tank 2, the spent fuel storage tank 3, the fuel mixing tank 4, the discharge tank 5 and the internal combustion engine 7 are all arranged inside the radiation shielding structure 8.

[0032] A method for operating the internal combustion engine system using the above-mentioned liquid nuclear fuel fission reaction energy generation method comprises the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: Feeding: Liquid nuclear fuel and working medium are fed into the fuel mixing tank 4 for mixing, and then sprayed into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 7 in the form of mist;

[0034] Step 2, compression: Under the action of the piston 75, the distance between the droplets of the mist liquid nuclear fuel is shortened, and a nuclear reaction occurs under the bombardment of an external neutron source in a subcritical state, or a photo-fission reaction is induced by an external photon source, or a fission reaction occurs automatically after reaching a critical state, generating heat; since the injected nuclear fuel is limited, a continuous chain reaction will not be formed, but will stop after a number of chain reactions; the heat generated in this process will heat the air;

[0035] Step 3, work: The working medium expands due to heat, pushing the piston 75 to move, driving the connecting rod and crankshaft of the piston 75, and then outputting power to do work externally;

[0036] Step 4: Exhaust: After the working medium does work, its temperature decreases and it is discharged into the exhaust tank 5 together with the nuclear fuel.

[0037] The specific working process of the internal combustion engine system utilizing liquid nuclear fuel fission reaction to generate energy according to the present invention is as follows:

[0038] Liquid nuclear fuel enters the fuel mixing tank 4 from the liquid fuel storage tank 1, and the working medium enters the fuel mixing tank 4 from the working medium storage tank 2, and is mixed with the liquid nuclear fuel under the control of the control system 6, and then sprayed into the internal combustion engine in the form of mist; under the action of the piston 75, the mixed fuel enters the top of the combustion chamber from the transition port 76, and the distance between the nuclear fuel droplets is shortened under the compression of the piston 75. In the subcritical state, the excitation device 71 excites the nuclear fuel under the control of the control system 6 to perform a nuclear fission reaction, or after reaching the critical state, the nuclear fuel undergoes a nuclear fission reaction by itself, generating heat to heat the working medium to expand it and push the piston to work and output energy outward; after working, the working medium and the nuclear fuel are discharged into the discharge tank 5 together, the working medium returns to the working medium storage tank 2, and the nuclear fuel is discharged into the spent fuel storage tank 3; the spent fuel storage tank 3 is replaced regularly, or the spent fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber together with the original fresh nuclear fuel in a certain proportion for reaction. The selected nuclear fuel nuclides can achieve the "burn-breed (B&B)" effect and realize long-term use.

[0039] To summarize the above implementation cases, the internal combustion engine system and working method utilizing the fission reaction energy of liquid nuclear fuel described in the present invention overcome the problems of low efficiency of energy generation methods of existing nuclear power plants, the need for a large number of auxiliary systems, and the large scale that is difficult to apply on a large scale. The use of liquid fuel can timely add nuclear fuel and process the accumulated spent fuel without affecting the operation of the device; at the same time, the heat is promptly extracted after the fission of the mist nuclear fuel, which significantly improves the efficiency of using nuclear energy and reduces energy consumption; the internal combustion engine system and working method utilizing the fission reaction energy of liquid nuclear fuel described in the present invention eliminate the control system required in the reactor, greatly simplify the system, reduce costs and safety hazards; the internal combustion engine system and working method utilizing the fission reaction energy of liquid nuclear fuel described in the present invention have a more compact overall structure, which is easy to control, produces less waste heat per unit time, and is conducive to heat dissipation. The liquid nuclear fuel supply can be adjusted as needed to control the upper limit of the reaction, which is convenient for precise control of energy output and improvement of device power, thereby avoiding nuclear accidents of existing nuclear reactors.

[0040] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. It can also be a reasonable combination of the features recorded in the above implementation methods. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An internal combustion engine system utilizing liquid nuclear fuel fission reaction to generate energy, characterized in that: The invention comprises a liquid fuel storage tank (1), a working medium storage tank (2), a spent fuel storage tank (3), a fuel mixing tank (4), a discharge tank (5), a control system (6) and an internal combustion engine (7); one end of the fuel mixing tank (4) is respectively connected to the liquid fuel storage tank (1) and the working medium storage tank (2), and the other end is connected to the internal combustion engine (7); the internal combustion engine (7) is connected to the discharge tank (5), and the discharge tank (5) is respectively connected to the working medium storage tank (2) and the spent fuel storage tank (3); the control system (6) is respectively connected to the fuel mixing tank (4) and the internal combustion engine (7) by signals; the liquid fuel storage tank (1) stores liquid nuclear fuel; the working medium storage tank (2) stores working medium; The internal combustion engine (7) comprises an excitation device (71), a crankshaft (74), a piston (75), a transition port (76) and a piston passage (77). The excitation device (71), the transition port (76) and the piston passage (77) are arranged in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (7), and the crankshaft (74) is rotatably arranged in the combustion chamber; the piston (75) is arranged in the piston passage (77) in the combustion chamber and is rotatably connected to the crankshaft (74).

2. The internal combustion engine system for generating energy by utilizing the fission reaction of liquid nuclear fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excitation device (71) is a neutron source or a photon source.

3. The internal combustion engine system for generating energy by utilizing the fission reaction of liquid nuclear fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The internal combustion engine (7) is provided with an exhaust port (72) and an air inlet (73), and both the exhaust port (72) and the air inlet (73) are connected to the internal combustion chamber; the internal combustion engine (7) is connected to the fuel mixing tank (4) through the air inlet (73), and is connected to the discharge tank (5) through the exhaust port (72).

4. The internal combustion engine system for generating energy by utilizing the fission reaction of liquid nuclear fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal combustion engine system for generating energy by utilizing the fission reaction of liquid nuclear fuel also includes a radiation shielding structure (8), wherein the liquid fuel storage tank (1), the working medium storage tank (2), the spent fuel storage tank (3), the fuel mixing tank (4), the discharge tank (5) and the internal combustion engine (7) are all arranged inside the radiation shielding structure (8).

5. The internal combustion engine system for generating energy by utilizing the fission reaction of liquid nuclear fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working medium in the working medium storage tank (2) is hydrogen, helium or carbon dioxide.

6. The internal combustion engine system for generating energy by utilizing the fission reaction of liquid nuclear fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working medium in the working medium storage tank (2) is a liquid organic medium.

7. A method for operating an internal combustion engine system using liquid nuclear fuel fission reaction energy generation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Feeding: Liquid nuclear fuel and working medium are fed into a fuel mixing tank (4) for mixing, and then sprayed into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine (7) in the form of mist. Step 2, compression: under the action of the piston (75), the distance between the droplets of the mist liquid nuclear fuel is shortened, and under the action of the excitation device (71), a fission reaction occurs, generating heat to heat the working gas; Step 3, doing work: the working medium expands due to heat, pushing the piston (75) to move and do work externally; Step 4: Exhaust: After the working medium has done work, it is discharged into the exhaust tank (5) together with the nuclear fuel.

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