Automatic direct connection device and method for output of photovoltaic panel

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic direct connection device and method for output of a photovoltaic panel, relates to the photovoltaic field, and is used for solving the problem of energy waste caused by faults of a photovoltaic optimizer. The photovoltaic optimization circuit is used for carrying out maximum power point tracking processing on the output of the photovoltaic panel and then outputting the output to a main power grid or an energy storage system, and the watchdog circuit is used for monitoring the working state of the photovoltaic optimization circuit in real time; the output of the photovoltaic panel is directly connected to the main power grid or the energy storage system by means of an automatic switching circuit. According to the invention, when the photovoltaic optimizer fails, the electric energy converted by the photovoltaic panel is directly utilized, so that the overall power generation efficiency and stability of the photovoltaic system are improved, and the self-adaptive capability and toughness of the system when facing a single-point fault are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the photovoltaic field, and in particular to an automatic direct-through device and method for photovoltaic panel output. Background Art

[0002] In the current photovoltaic power generation system, the photovoltaic optimizer plays a vital role. It is mainly responsible for improving the working efficiency of individual photovoltaic modules and ensuring that the photovoltaic panels can output maximum power under various lighting conditions by implementing strategies such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT).

[0003] However, despite the continuous advancement of technology, photovoltaic optimizers, as electronic devices, still have certain failure risks, among which functional failures such as freezing are a problem that cannot be ignored. Once a photovoltaic optimizer freezes, the photovoltaic components associated with it will automatically exit the working state and be bypassed or isolated, resulting in the inability to effectively utilize the electricity generated by these photovoltaic panels, resulting in energy waste and directly reducing the power generation efficiency and reliability of the entire photovoltaic system. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through device and method to solve the problem of energy waste caused by photovoltaic optimizer failure in view of the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through device, comprising a photovoltaic optimization circuit, a watchdog circuit and an automatic switching circuit, wherein:

[0007] The photovoltaic optimization circuit is configured to: under the drive of the driving circuit controlled by the optimization program, alternately select the positive output and the negative output of the photovoltaic panel;

[0008] The watchdog circuit is configured to: monitor the optimization program in real time, and send a fault signal to the automatic switching circuit when a fault in the optimization program is detected;

[0009] The automatic switching circuit is configured to keep the positive output of the photovoltaic panel turned on and keep the negative output of the photovoltaic panel turned off in response to receiving the fault signal.

[0010] Further, the photovoltaic optimization circuit includes a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit, the first switch circuit is connected to the positive output of the photovoltaic panel, the second switch circuit is connected to the negative output of the photovoltaic panel, and the output ends of the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are connected in parallel; the drive circuit alternately turns on or off the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit in response to the optimization program;

[0011] In response to receiving the fault signal, the automatic switching circuit keeps the first switch circuit turned on and keeps the second switch circuit turned off.

[0012] Furthermore, both the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are controlled on and off by MOS tubes.

[0013] Furthermore, in response to receiving the fault signal, the automatic switching circuit disables the driving circuit to keep the second switch circuit turned off.

[0014] Furthermore, the automatic switching circuit is connected to a high-voltage drive signal, and in response to receiving the fault signal, the high-voltage drive signal is connected to the first switch circuit to keep the first switch circuit always turned on.

[0015] Furthermore, the automatic switching circuit disconnects the connection between the drive circuit and the first switch circuit in response to receiving the fault signal.

[0016] Further, the automatic switching circuit includes a first pull-down circuit, a second pull-down circuit and a first pull-up circuit; the first pull-down circuit is connected to the second pull-down circuit, the second pull-down circuit is connected to VCC, the second pull-down circuit is connected to the first pull-up circuit, the first pull-up circuit is connected to the high-voltage drive signal, and the first pull-up circuit is connected to the first switch circuit;

[0017] The first pull-down circuit is connected to the watchdog circuit, and in response to receiving the fault signal, stops pulling down the VCC connected to the second pull-down circuit;

[0018] The second pull-down circuit turns on the first pull-up circuit under the action of VCC which is not pulled down;

[0019] When the first pull-up circuit is in an on state, it transmits the connected high-voltage driving signal to the first switch circuit to keep the first switch circuit always on.

[0020] Further, the automatic switching circuit includes a third pull-down circuit and a second pull-up circuit; the third pull-down circuit is connected to the second pull-up circuit, and the second pull-up circuit is connected between the driving circuit and the first switch circuit;

[0021] The third pull-down circuit is connected to the watchdog circuit, and stops conducting the second pull-up circuit in response to receiving the fault signal.

[0022] Further, the watchdog circuit includes a comparator, a non-inverting terminal access circuit, an inverting terminal access circuit, a fourth pull-down circuit, a boost circuit and a fault monitoring circuit; the fault monitoring circuit is connected to the fourth pull-down circuit, the boost circuit is connected to the inverting terminal access circuit, the fourth pull-down circuit is connected to the boost circuit, the inverting terminal access circuit is connected to VCC, and the inverting terminal access circuit is connected to the inverting terminal of the comparator; the non-inverting terminal access circuit is connected to VCC, and the non-inverting terminal access circuit is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the comparator;

[0023] The fault monitoring circuit monitors the optimization program in real time, and when a fault of the optimization program is detected, turns off the fourth pull-down circuit;

[0024] The fourth pull-down circuit stops bypassing the boost circuit in a cut-off state;

[0025] The boost circuit boosts the voltage of the VCC connected to the inverting terminal access circuit when the boost circuit is not bypassed;

[0026] When the voltage connected to the in-phase terminal of the comparator is lower than the voltage connected to the inverting terminal, the comparator outputs a fault signal from the output terminal.

[0027] The present invention also provides a photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through method, which comprises:

[0028] The photovoltaic panel output is processed by photovoltaic optimization circuit for maximum power point tracking and then output to the main grid or energy storage system;

[0029] The working status of the photovoltaic optimization circuit is monitored in real time. When a failure of the optimization program of the photovoltaic optimization circuit is detected, the switching mechanism is immediately activated to directly connect the output of the photovoltaic panel to the main power grid or the energy storage system.

[0030] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] The present invention directly utilizes the electric energy converted by the photovoltaic panels when the photovoltaic optimizer fails, which not only improves the overall power generation efficiency and stability of the photovoltaic system, but also enhances the adaptive ability and resilience of the system in the face of single-point failures. In addition, the design is expected to reduce the operation and maintenance costs caused by photovoltaic optimizer failures, improve the credibility and value of photovoltaic power generation solutions, and is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the photovoltaic industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0033] Figure 1 It is the schematic diagram of the photovoltaic optimization circuit.

[0034] Figure 2 This is the schematic diagram of the watchdog circuit.

[0035] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a watchdog circuit in one embodiment.

[0036] Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the automatic switching circuit.

[0037] Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic optimization circuit and an automatic switching circuit in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed, except mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any manner.

[0039] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any additional claims and abstract), unless otherwise stated, may be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features having similar purposes. That is, unless otherwise stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] The photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through device comprises a photovoltaic optimization circuit, a watchdog circuit and an automatic switching circuit.

[0042] The photovoltaic optimization circuit is configured to alternately select the positive output and negative output of the photovoltaic panel under the drive of the driving circuit. The driving circuit has an enable terminal, which is controlled by the optimization program in the enabled state, and alternately turns on or off the related circuits of the positive output and negative output of the photovoltaic panel under the control of the optimization program.

[0043] The watchdog circuit is configured to monitor the status of the optimization program in real time, that is, to monitor the operating status of the photovoltaic optimization circuit to determine whether it is frozen or has other faults. When an optimization program fault is detected, a fault signal is sent to the automatic switching circuit. The fault signal is usually a level signal.

[0044] The automatic switching circuit is configured to keep the positive output of the photovoltaic panel turned on and keep the negative output of the photovoltaic panel turned off in response to receiving a fault signal. In this way, the electric energy converted by the photovoltaic panel is directly passed to the main power grid or energy storage system through its positive output instead of being bypassed or isolated.

[0045] like Figure 1As shown, the two ends of the photovoltaic panel output are respectively connected to the first switch circuit K2 and the second switch circuit K1, wherein the first switch circuit K2 is connected to the positive output of the photovoltaic panel, and the second switch circuit K1 is connected to the negative output of the photovoltaic panel, and the output ends of the first switch circuit K2 and the second switch circuit K1 are connected in parallel. When the photovoltaic optimization circuit is working normally, the drive circuit responds to the optimization program to alternately turn on or off the first switch circuit K2 and the second switch circuit K1, and achieves the optimization effect of the photovoltaic panel output by alternately turning on the switch state of the first switch circuit K2 and the second switch circuit K1. When the watchdog circuit detects a fault, the automatic switching circuit is triggered by the fault signal to always turn on the first switch circuit K2 and always turn off the second switch circuit K1. At this time, the positive output of the photovoltaic panel is not optimized by the photovoltaic optimization circuit, but is directly connected to the main power grid or energy storage system through the first switch circuit K2. The negative pole connected to the main power grid or energy storage system can be directly grounded nearby, or it can also be directly connected to the negative output of the photovoltaic panel.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the watchdog circuit includes a comparator, a non-inverting terminal access circuit, an inverting terminal access circuit, a fourth pull-down circuit, a boost circuit and a fault monitoring circuit. The fault monitoring circuit is connected to the fourth pull-down circuit, the boost circuit is connected to the inverting terminal access circuit, the fourth pull-down circuit is connected to the boost circuit, the inverting terminal access circuit is connected to VCC, and the inverting terminal access circuit is connected to the inverting terminal of the comparator; the non-inverting terminal access circuit is connected to VCC, and the non-inverting terminal access circuit is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the comparator.

[0047] The fault monitoring circuit monitors the optimization program in real time through the connected signal WDG, and shuts down the fourth pull-down circuit when a fault in the optimization program is detected. The fourth pull-down circuit stops bypassing the boost circuit in the cut-off state. The boost circuit boosts the VCC connected to the inverting terminal access circuit when it is not bypassed. When the voltage connected to the inverting terminal of the comparator is lower than the voltage connected to the inverting terminal, the output terminal outputs a low-level fault signal PWM_EN.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, in some specific embodiments, the watchdog circuit includes a fault monitoring circuit formed by a capacitor C129 and a resistor R160 connected in series. The fault monitoring circuit is connected to a signal WDG indicating whether the optimization program is faulty. In a normal state, the signal WDG is at a high level. If the optimization program shuts down or encounters a fault, the signal WDG is pulled low. The signal WDG is connected to a fourth pull-down circuit constituted by an NPN transistor Q25. Figure 3In the circuit, the diode D28 serves to isolate the signal WDG from the ground. The base of the transistor Q25 is connected to the signal WDG. When the signal WDG is at a high level, the transistor Q25 is turned on, bypassing the boost circuit played by the capacitor C128. At this time, the 3.3V voltage connected by the resistor R159 is grounded through the transistor Q25 and pulled down. The 3.3V voltage connected by the resistor R158 is connected to the non-inverting end of the comparator U24 after being divided by the resistor R157. The inverting end of the comparator U24 is connected to the resistor R159 and connected to the pulled-down VCC. At this time, the output end of the comparator U24 outputs a high level. When the signal WDG is at a low level, the transistor Q25 is turned off, and the short circuit of the capacitor C128 is stopped. The 3.3V voltage connected to the resistor R159 can charge the capacitor C128, so that the voltage connected to the inverting terminal of the comparator U24 is higher than the voltage connected to the non-inverting terminal. At this time, the output terminal of the comparator U24 outputs a low-level fault signal. In the figure, the capacitor C127 isolates the driving voltage of the comparator U24 from the ground.

[0049] When the first switch circuit K2 and the second switch circuit K1 are working normally, the drive circuit provides the on-off control signal. When the optimization program fails, the automatic switching circuit responds to the received fault signal and disables the drive circuit. In this way, the on-off control signals originally provided to the first switch circuit K2 and the second switch circuit K1 are turned off. Figure 5 As shown, both the signal HO and the signal LO are in a low level state. When the drive circuit is disabled, the second switch circuit K1 is kept turned off, and the first switch circuit K2 is driven by the automatic switching circuit to receive the high-voltage drive signal, and remains turned on. In addition, the automatic switching circuit will also disconnect the connection between the drive circuit and the first switch circuit K2, that is, disconnect the on-off control signal received by the drive circuit to the first switch circuit K2, so as to prevent the high-voltage drive signal from being divided or pulled down.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the automatic switching circuit includes a first pull-down circuit, a second pull-down circuit and a first pull-up circuit. The watchdog circuit is connected to the first pull-down circuit, the first pull-down circuit is connected to the second pull-down circuit, the second pull-down circuit is connected to VCC, the second pull-down circuit is connected to the first pull-up circuit, the first pull-up circuit is connected to the high-voltage drive signal DRV, and the first pull-up circuit is connected to the first switch circuit K2.

[0051] The first pull-down circuit is connected to the watchdog circuit and receives the level of its output. In response to receiving the low-level fault signal PWN_EN, the first pull-down circuit stops pulling down the VCC connected to the second pull-down circuit, that is, stops conducting the VCC connected to the second pull-down circuit to the ground.

[0052] The second pull-down circuit turns on the first pull-up circuit under the action of the VCC that is not pulled down.

[0053] When the first pull-up circuit is in the on state, it transmits the connected high-voltage driving signal DRV to the first switch circuit K2 to keep the first switch circuit K2 always on.

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown, in some specific embodiments, the first pull-down circuit is formed by connecting a resistor R180 and an NPN transistor Q34 in series, the resistor R180 is connected to the base of the transistor Q34, the emitter of the transistor Q34 is grounded, and the collector is connected between the resistor R179 and the resistor R177. The second pull-down circuit is formed by connecting a resistor R179, a resistor R177 and an NPN transistor Q33 in series, the resistor R177 is connected to the base of the transistor Q33, the resistor R179 is connected to the 3.3V VCC, the emitter of the transistor Q33 is grounded, and the collector is connected to the base of the PNP transistor Q32 via the resistor R178. The first pull-up circuit is formed by connecting a resistor R178 to the base of the transistor Q32, the emitter of the transistor Q32 is connected to the high-voltage drive signal DRV, and the collector is connected to the first switch circuit K2, which is used to transfer the voltage HO_H on the collector to the first switch circuit K2.

[0055] When the fault signal PWN_EN is at a low level, the transistor Q34 is cut off, and the 3.3V voltage connected to the resistor R179 is transmitted to the transistor Q33, turning on the transistor Q33, thereby lowering the voltage of the base of the transistor Q32. The transistor Q32 is turned on, and the high-voltage drive signal DRV is transmitted to the first switch circuit K2. The high-voltage drive signal DRV is always in a 12V high voltage state, so that the first switch circuit K2 is always in a conducting state.

[0056] In addition, the automatic switching circuit also disconnects the first switch circuit K2 from the drive circuit. Figure 4 As shown, the automatic switching circuit also includes a third pull-down circuit and a second pull-up circuit. The third pull-down circuit is connected to the second pull-up circuit, and the second pull-up circuit is connected between the drive circuit and the first switch circuit. The third pull-down circuit is connected to the watchdog circuit, and in response to receiving the fault signal PWN_EN, the conduction of the second pull-up circuit is stopped, and after the second pull-up circuit is turned off, the connection between the drive circuit and the first switch circuit K2 is disconnected.

[0057] Specifically, if Figure 5As shown, the fault signal PWM_EN is connected to the resistor R171, the resistor R171 is connected to the NPN transistor Q28, the emitter of the transistor Q28 is grounded, and the collector is connected to the resistor R169, forming a third pull-down circuit. The resistor R169 is then connected to the base of the PNP transistor Q31 through the resistor R170, and the transistor Q31 and the resistor R170 form a second pull-up circuit, the emitter of the transistor Q31 is connected to the first switch circuit K2, and the collector is connected to the signal HO. In the normal state, the base level of the transistor Q28 is high, the transistor Q28 is turned on, thereby pulling down the base of the transistor Q31, so that the transistor Q31 is turned on, so that the signal HO of the drive circuit drives the first switch circuit K2 to work. When the optimization program fails, the low-level fault signal PWN_EN pulls down the base of the transistor Q28, causing the transistor Q28 to turn off, thereby turning off the transistor Q31, and disconnecting the connection between the drive circuit and the first switch circuit K2. As a preferred embodiment, a Schottky diode D31 is further connected between the collector and the emitter of the transistor Q31.

[0058] like Figure 5 As shown, VIN+ and VIN- respectively represent the positive input and negative output of the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic optimization circuit uses NMOS tube U38 and NMOS tube U39 to control the on and off of the first switch circuit K2 and the second switch circuit K1. VIN+ is connected to the drain of NMOS tube U38, and VIN- is connected to the source of NMOS tube U39. The source of NMOS tube U38 and the drain of NMOS tube U39 are connected, and connected to the positive output terminal VOUT+ of the photovoltaic optimization circuit after passing through the inductor L6. VIN- is connected to the negative output terminal VOUT- of the photovoltaic optimization circuit through the resistor R16. Preferably, the resistor R16 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C100.

[0059] The gate of the NMOS tube U38 is connected to the driving signal through the resistor R13, including the driving signal HO of the driving circuit, or the high-voltage driving signal DRV transmitted by the first pull-up circuit. The emitter of the PNP transistor Q20 is connected to the gate of the NMOS tube U38, the base of the transistor Q20 is connected to the other end of the resistor R13, and its collector is connected between the NMOS tube U38 and the NMOS tube U39, and a resistor R104 is also connected in parallel between the collector and the emitter of the transistor Q20. Between the drain and the source of the NMOS tube U38, a branch in which a capacitor C110 and a resistor R103 are connected in series is also connected in parallel.

[0060] The gate of the NMOS tube U39 is connected to the signal LO via the resistor R14, and a diode D18 is connected in parallel to the resistor R14. In addition, a resistor R12 is connected in parallel between the gate and source of the NMOS tube U39. A branch circuit in which a capacitor C109 and a resistor R101 are connected in series is also connected in parallel between the drain and source of the NMOS tube U39.

[0061] After the inductor L6, capacitors C84, C85, C106 and C107 are connected in parallel between the output terminals VOUT+ and VIN-. Capacitor C20, variable resistor D6, and diodes D10 and D5 are connected in parallel between the two output terminals VOUT+ and VOUT- of the photovoltaic optimization circuit.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through method, the method comprising:

[0064] The photovoltaic panel output is processed by photovoltaic optimization circuit for maximum power point tracking and then output to the main grid or energy storage system.

[0065] The working status of the photovoltaic optimization circuit is monitored in real time. When a failure in the optimization program of the photovoltaic optimization circuit is detected, the switching mechanism is immediately activated to directly connect the output of the photovoltaic panel to the main grid or energy storage system.

[0066] The photovoltaic optimization circuit in Example 1 can be used to track the maximum power point of the output of the photovoltaic panel. The fault state of the photovoltaic optimization circuit can be monitored in real time by the watchdog circuit in Example 1. The output of the photovoltaic panel can be directly connected to the main power grid or the energy storage system by the automatic switching circuit in Example 1.

[0067] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, but extends to any new features or any new combination disclosed in this specification, as well as any new method or process steps or any new combination disclosed.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through device, characterized in that: It includes photovoltaic optimization circuit, watchdog circuit and automatic switching circuit, among which: The photovoltaic optimization circuit is configured to: under the drive of the driving circuit controlled by the optimization program, alternately select the positive output and the negative output of the photovoltaic panel; The watchdog circuit is configured to: monitor the optimization program in real time, and send a fault signal to the automatic switching circuit when a fault in the optimization program is detected; The automatic switching circuit is configured to keep the positive output of the photovoltaic panel turned on and keep the negative output of the photovoltaic panel turned off in response to receiving the fault signal.

2. The photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic optimization circuit includes a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit, the first switch circuit is connected to the positive output of the photovoltaic panel, the second switch circuit is connected to the negative output of the photovoltaic panel, and the output ends of the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are connected in parallel; the driving circuit alternately turns on or off the first switch circuit and the second switch circuit in response to the optimization program; In response to receiving the fault signal, the automatic switching circuit keeps the first switch circuit turned on and keeps the second switch circuit turned off.

3. The photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first switch circuit and the second switch circuit are both controlled by MOS tubes.

4. The photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In response to receiving the fault signal, the automatic switching circuit disables the driving circuit to keep the second switch circuit always turned off.

5. The photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The automatic switching circuit is connected to a high-voltage drive signal, and in response to receiving the fault signal, the high-voltage drive signal is connected to the first switch circuit to keep the first switch circuit always turned on.

6. The photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The automatic switching circuit disconnects the communication between the drive circuit and the first switch circuit in response to receiving the fault signal.

7. The photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The automatic switching circuit includes a first pull-down circuit, a second pull-down circuit and a first pull-up circuit; the first pull-down circuit is connected to the second pull-down circuit, the second pull-down circuit is connected to VCC, the second pull-down circuit is connected to the first pull-up circuit, the first pull-up circuit is connected to the high-voltage drive signal, and the first pull-up circuit is connected to the first switch circuit; The first pull-down circuit is connected to the watchdog circuit, and in response to receiving the fault signal, stops pulling down the VCC connected to the second pull-down circuit; The second pull-down circuit turns on the first pull-up circuit under the action of VCC which is not pulled down; When the first pull-up circuit is in an on state, it transmits the connected high-voltage driving signal to the first switch circuit to keep the first switch circuit always on.

8. The photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The automatic switching circuit includes a third pull-down circuit and a second pull-up circuit; the third pull-down circuit is connected to the second pull-up circuit, and the second pull-up circuit is connected between the driving circuit and the first switch circuit; The third pull-down circuit is connected to the watchdog circuit, and stops conducting the second pull-up circuit in response to receiving the fault signal.

9. The photovoltaic panel output automatic direct-through device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The watchdog circuit comprises a comparator, a non-inverting terminal access circuit, an inverting terminal access circuit, a fourth pull-down circuit, a boost circuit and a fault monitoring circuit; the fault monitoring circuit is connected to the fourth pull-down circuit, the boost circuit is connected to the inverting terminal access circuit, the fourth pull-down circuit is connected to the boost circuit, the inverting terminal access circuit is connected to VCC, and the inverting terminal access circuit is connected to the inverting terminal of the comparator; the non-inverting terminal access circuit is connected to VCC, and the non-inverting terminal access circuit is connected to the non-inverting terminal of the comparator; The fault monitoring circuit monitors the optimization program in real time, and when a fault of the optimization program is detected, turns off the fourth pull-down circuit; The fourth pull-down circuit stops bypassing the boost circuit in a cut-off state; The boost circuit boosts the voltage of the VCC connected to the inverting terminal access circuit when the boost circuit is not bypassed; When the voltage connected to the in-phase terminal of the comparator is lower than the voltage connected to the inverting terminal, the comparator outputs a fault signal from the output terminal.

10. A method for automatically passing through the output of a photovoltaic panel, characterized in that: include: The photovoltaic panel output is processed by photovoltaic optimization circuit for maximum power point tracking and then output to the main grid or energy storage system; The working status of the photovoltaic optimization circuit is monitored in real time. When a failure of the optimization program of the photovoltaic optimization circuit is detected, the switching mechanism is immediately activated to directly connect the output of the photovoltaic panel to the main power grid or the energy storage system.

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