Thermal management perovskite photovoltaic glass and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to thermal management perovskite photovoltaic glass and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic glass, the photovoltaic glass comprises a copper layer used for a back electrode of a perovskite cell; the electron transmission layer is arranged on the copper layer, and a liquid transmission channel is arranged in the electron transmission layer and used for promoting transmission of electrons from the perovskite light absorption layer to an electron transmission material; the C60 layer is arranged on one side, far away from the copper layer, of the electron transmission layer and is used for transmitting and collecting electrons in the perovskite cell by the electron transmission layer; the perovskite light absorption layer is arranged on one side, far away from the electron transport layer, of the C60 layer; the nickel oxide hole transport layer is arranged on one side, far away from the C60 layer, of the perovskite light absorption layer; and the transparent conductive glass is arranged on one side, far away from the perovskite light absorption layer, of the nickel oxide hole transport layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic glass, and in particular to a thermal management perovskite photovoltaic glass and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) have become a research hotspot in the photovoltaic field in recent years due to their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, low-cost manufacturing process and tunable optical band gap. However, a major disadvantage of perovskite materials is their sensitivity to environmental factors, especially to high temperatures. In practical applications, perovskite cells are prone to decomposition, photoinduced degradation and phase change when exposed to high temperature conditions for a long time, resulting in a significant decrease in their photoelectric conversion efficiency and a significant shortening of their service life. Therefore, how to effectively manage and control the operating temperature of perovskite cells has become an important issue to enhance their commercial application prospects.

[0003] At present, there are some preliminary technical solutions on the market that attempt to improve the thermal management performance of perovskite cells by improving materials, packaging technology, and external heat dissipation structures. However, these methods have certain limitations to a certain extent. For example, although material modification can improve the heat resistance of perovskite to a certain extent, its effect is limited; and the traditional heat dissipation structure design is likely to lead to an increase in system volume or a decrease in efficiency, and it is impossible to take into account both efficient heat dissipation and the thinness of the system. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a thermal management perovskite photovoltaic glass and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides a thermal management perovskite photovoltaic glass, wherein the photovoltaic glass comprises:

[0006] Copper layer, used for the back electrode of the perovskite cell;

[0007] An electron transport layer, wherein the electron transport layer is disposed on the copper layer, and a liquid transport channel is provided in the electron transport layer for promoting the transmission of electrons from the perovskite light absorption layer to the electron transport material, while blocking the backflow of holes and reducing the recombination loss, so as to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery;

[0008] C 60 Layer, the C 60 The layer is arranged on the side of the electron transport layer away from the copper layer, and is used for the electron transport layer to transport and collect electrons in the perovskite battery;

[0009] The perovskite light absorbing layer is arranged on the C60 The layer is located away from the electron transport layer, and is used to absorb sunlight and generate electron-hole pairs, and has excellent light absorption performance and an adjustable band gap to convert photon energy into electrical energy;

[0010] A nickel oxide hole transport layer, wherein the nickel oxide hole transport layer is arranged on the perovskite light absorption layer away from the C 60 One side of the layer is used to promote the transport of holes from the perovskite light-absorbing layer to the front electrode;

[0011] Transparent conductive glass, which is arranged on a side of the nickel oxide hole transport layer away from the perovskite light absorption layer, and is used as a front electrode of a perovskite battery.

[0012] Furthermore, the liquid transport channel is fully covered with the electron transport layer, and the liquid transport channel includes a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet.

[0013] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a thermal management perovskite photovoltaic glass, the method comprising:

[0014] Mold design: Design a mold with the desired microfluidic hollow channel shape. The mold is made of quartz, and its surface microstructure is manufactured by electron beam lithography. These microstructures will determine the size and shape of the final hollow channel to ensure that it can efficiently conduct cooling liquid and effectively carry away heat;

[0015] Material selection: Polymethyl methacrylate is selected as the imprint material. Polymethyl methacrylate has good processability and molding properties and is suitable for forming complex microstructures at nanometer-level precision.

[0016] Electron transport layer treatment: Before starting imprinting, plasma cleaning technology is used to ensure that the surface of the electron transport layer is clean and free of dust or contaminants to avoid any tiny particles affecting the imprinting quality;

[0017] Spin coating: A layer of polymethyl methacrylate imprint material is uniformly coated on the surface of the electron transport layer by spin coating technology. The spin coating speed and time should be adjusted according to the concentration and viscosity of the polymethyl methacrylate solution to obtain a uniform coating of the desired thickness;

[0018] Heating and softening: Heat the coated substrate to an appropriate temperature to soften the polymethyl methacrylate material, making it plastic and easy to shape;

[0019] Mold imprinting: The designed quartz mold is brought into contact with the softened polymethyl methacrylate material on the electron transport layer, and uniform pressure is applied to make the polymethyl methacrylate material flow under pressure and fill the microstructure in the mold;

[0020] Cooling and mold removal: While maintaining pressure, gradually cool the substrate to room temperature to solidify the polymethyl methacrylate material and maintain the hollow pipe structure. After cooling, remove the mold to avoid damaging the formed microstructure;

[0021] Nano water injection: Nano water is injected into the formed hollow pipe to ensure that it fills all areas of the pipe. The high thermal conductivity of nano water helps to more efficiently carry away the heat generated by the perovskite layer.

[0022] Fluid circulation: Appropriate water pressure is applied on one side of the pipe so that low-temperature water can continue to circulate in the pipe and circulate through the electron transport layer, thereby achieving effective heat transfer and heat dissipation. It needs to be linked with the external cooling system to ensure the circulation of the coolant and the stability of the temperature;

[0023] Temperature monitoring: When the photovoltaic glass is working, the temperature of the perovskite layer is monitored in real time to evaluate the cooling effect of the embedded microfluidic cooling system;

[0024] Long-term stability test: Conduct accelerated aging tests on thermal management photovoltaic glass in high temperature environments to evaluate its performance retention during long-term operation.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The thermal management photovoltaic glass of the present application can significantly reduce the operating temperature of perovskite cells and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability; experiments show that through effective thermal management, the efficiency drop of photovoltaic cells in high temperature environments is reduced by 10 to 15%, the long-term stability is improved by more than 20%, and the service life of the photovoltaic system is extended. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the invention, rather than all the embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0029] The thermal management technologies currently on the market are mainly concentrated in the following ways:

[0030] Material modification: Improving the thermal stability of perovskite materials by doping them with heat-resistant additives or synthesizing new perovskite materials. These methods can slow down the degradation of perovskite materials at high temperatures, but are often accompanied by a loss of photoelectric performance. The material development and optimization process is complex and costly.

[0031] Improve packaging technology: By improving packaging technology, such as using multi-layer protective films, adding insulation layers, or using more airtight packaging materials, the impact of external temperature on the perovskite layer can be reduced. Although these methods can extend the life of perovskite cells, they have limited effect on improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and the complexity and cost of packaging are greatly increased;

[0032] External heat dissipation structure: Traditional photovoltaic modules usually use external heat dissipation structures such as aluminum heat sinks, air cooling systems or liquid cooling systems to reduce the operating temperature. However, these heat dissipation structures are large in size and increase the complexity and weight of the photovoltaic system, which is not suitable for the needs of lightweight photovoltaic equipment. In addition, these methods have low heat dissipation efficiency and are difficult to cope with the high sensitivity of perovskite materials to temperature changes;

[0033] Based on the limitations of the above existing market technologies, this application proposes a thermal management photovoltaic glass design, which effectively controls the operating temperature of the perovskite cell by integrating a microfluidic cooling system inside the photovoltaic glass, thereby greatly improving its photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability. This design can not only achieve efficient thermal management, but also keep the photovoltaic system thin and light, and has good market prospects and application potential;

[0034] High temperature is one of the important factors that cause instability of perovskite cells. By integrating a thermal management system into photovoltaic glass, the temperature control of perovskite cells can be improved. A microfluidic cooling system is embedded inside the photovoltaic glass to circulate liquid coolants such as water or ethylene glycol to remove the heat generated by the perovskite layer and keep it within the optimal operating temperature range.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] refer to Figure 1 , a thermal management perovskite photovoltaic glass comprising:

[0037] The copper layer 1 is used as the back electrode of the perovskite cell. Its main function is to collect and conduct the charges (electrons) generated from the perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 and guide the current to the external circuit. Copper has good conductivity and low cost and is a common electrode material.

[0038] An electron transport layer 2, the electron transport layer 2 is arranged on the copper layer 1, and a liquid transport channel 7 is provided in the electron transport layer 2, which is used to promote the transmission of electrons from the perovskite light absorption layer 4 to the electron transport material, and at the same time block the backflow of holes, reduce the recombination loss, so as to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery;

[0039] C60 layer 3, C60 layer 3 is arranged on the side of electron transport layer 2 away from copper layer 1, and is used for electron transport layer 2 to transmit and collect electrons in perovskite battery. It has excellent electron transport performance and high electron mobility, and can effectively transmit electrons from perovskite light absorption layer 4 to electrode, and can also block the backflow of holes and reduce the recombination of carriers;

[0040] The perovskite light-absorbing layer 4 is arranged on the side of the C60 layer 3 away from the electron transport layer 2, and is used to absorb sunlight and generate electron-hole pairs. It has excellent light absorption performance and an adjustable band gap to convert photon energy into electrical energy. The quality of this layer directly determines the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery;

[0041] A nickel oxide hole transport layer 5, which is disposed on the side of the perovskite light absorption layer 4 away from the C60 layer 3, and is used to promote the transmission of holes from the perovskite light absorption layer 4 to the front electrode. NiO has good chemical stability and high hole mobility, and can effectively reduce charge recombination, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery. At the same time, NiO also protects the perovskite layer from the influence of the external environment;

[0042] Transparent conductive glass 6, which is arranged on the side of the nickel oxide hole transport layer 5 away from the perovskite light absorption layer 4, and is used as the front electrode of the perovskite battery. The main function of the transparent conductive glass 6 is to allow light to pass through the glass into the perovskite light absorption layer 4, while collecting and conducting the charges (holes) transmitted from the hole transport layer, and guiding the current to the external circuit;

[0043] A hollow pipe is prepared in the electron transport layer 2 of the perovskite solar cell by using nanoimprint technology. First, a mold with the desired hollow pipe shape needs to be designed. The mold is made of quartz. The structure on the mold is manufactured by electron beam lithography (EBL). Polymethyl methacrylate is selected as the imprint material. Before imprinting, ensure that the surface of the electron transport layer 2 is clean and free of any dust or pollutants to avoid affecting the imprint quality. A layer of imprint material is evenly coated on the electron transport layer 2 by spin coating. The coated substrate is heated to a certain temperature to soften the imprint material and make it easier to deform. The mold is contacted with the imprint material on the electron transport layer 2 and a certain pressure is applied to form a hollow pipe. After a period of time, the material is removed from the mold. After the hollow pipe is formed, nano water is injected into the hollow pipe, and water pressure is applied on one side so that the low-temperature water can continuously flow in the electron transport layer 2 to take away excess heat.

[0044] The liquid transport channel 7 is fully covered with the electron transport layer 2 , and the liquid transport channel 7 includes a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] A method for preparing a thermal management perovskite photovoltaic glass, comprising:

[0047] Mold design: Design a mold with the desired microfluidic hollow channel shape. The mold is made of quartz, and its surface microstructure is manufactured by electron beam lithography. These microstructures will determine the size and shape of the final hollow channel to ensure that it can efficiently conduct cooling liquid and effectively carry away heat;

[0048] Material selection: Polymethyl methacrylate is selected as the imprint material. Polymethyl methacrylate has good processability and molding properties and is suitable for forming complex microstructures at nanometer-level precision.

[0049] Electron transport layer 2 treatment: Before starting imprinting, plasma cleaning technology is used to ensure that the surface of the electron transport layer 2 is clean and free of dust or contaminants to avoid any tiny particles affecting the imprinting quality;

[0050] Spin coating: a layer of polymethyl methacrylate imprint material is uniformly coated on the surface of the electron transport layer 2 by spin coating technology. The spin coating speed and time should be adjusted according to the concentration and viscosity of the polymethyl methacrylate solution to obtain a uniform coating of the desired thickness;

[0051] Heating and softening: heating the coated substrate to an appropriate temperature to soften the polymethyl methacrylate material, making it plastic and easy to shape;

[0052] Mold imprinting: The designed quartz mold is brought into contact with the softened polymethyl methacrylate material on the electron transport layer 2, and uniform pressure is applied to make the polymethyl methacrylate material flow under pressure and fill the microstructure in the mold;

[0053] Cooling and mold removal: While maintaining pressure, gradually cool the substrate to room temperature to solidify the polymethyl methacrylate material and maintain the hollow pipe structure. After cooling, remove the mold to avoid damaging the formed microstructure;

[0054] Nano water injection: Nano water is injected into the formed hollow pipe to ensure that it fills all areas of the pipe. The high thermal conductivity of nano water helps to more efficiently carry away the heat generated by the perovskite layer.

[0055] Fluid circulation: Appropriate water pressure is applied on one side of the pipeline to enable low-temperature water to continuously circulate in the pipeline and circulate through the electron transport layer 2, thereby achieving effective heat transfer and heat dissipation. It needs to be linked with the external cooling system to ensure the circulation of the coolant and the stability of the temperature;

[0056] Temperature monitoring: When the photovoltaic glass is working, the temperature of the perovskite layer is monitored in real time to evaluate the cooling effect of the embedded microfluidic cooling system;

[0057] Long-term stability test: Conduct accelerated aging tests on thermal management photovoltaic glass in high temperature environments to evaluate its performance retention during long-term operation.

[0058] The thermal management photovoltaic glass of the present application can significantly reduce the operating temperature of perovskite cells and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability; experiments show that through effective thermal management, the efficiency drop of photovoltaic cells in high temperature environments is reduced by 10 to 15%, the long-term stability is improved by more than 20%, and the service life of the photovoltaic system is extended.

[0059] The technical solution of the present invention is described above in conjunction with specific implementation methods, but it should be noted that the above descriptions are only for explaining the solution of the present invention and cannot be interpreted in any way as a specific limitation on the scope of protection of the invention. Based on the explanation here, those skilled in the art can think of other specific implementation methods or equivalent replacements of the present invention without creative work, and they will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal management perovskite photovoltaic glass, characterized in that: The photovoltaic glass comprises: Copper layer, used for the back electrode of the perovskite cell; An electron transport layer, wherein the electron transport layer is disposed on the copper layer, and a liquid transport channel is provided in the electron transport layer for promoting the transmission of electrons from the perovskite light absorption layer to the electron transport material, while blocking the backflow of holes and reducing the recombination loss, so as to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery; C 60 Layer, the C 60 The layer is arranged on the side of the electron transport layer away from the copper layer, and is used for the electron transport layer to transport and collect electrons in the perovskite battery; The perovskite light absorbing layer is arranged on the C 60 The layer is located away from the electron transport layer, and is used to absorb sunlight and generate electron-hole pairs, and has excellent light absorption performance and an adjustable band gap to convert photon energy into electrical energy; A nickel oxide hole transport layer, wherein the nickel oxide hole transport layer is arranged on the perovskite light absorption layer away from the C 60 One side of the layer is used to promote the transport of holes from the perovskite light-absorbing layer to the front electrode; Transparent conductive glass, which is arranged on a side of the nickel oxide hole transport layer away from the perovskite light absorption layer, and is used as a front electrode of a perovskite battery.

2. The thermal management perovskite photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid transport channel is spread over the electron transport layer, and the liquid transport channel includes a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet.

3. A method for preparing the thermal management perovskite photovoltaic glass according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The method comprises: Mold design: Design a mold with the desired microfluidic hollow channel shape. The mold is made of quartz, and its surface microstructure is manufactured by electron beam lithography. These microstructures will determine the size and shape of the final hollow channel to ensure that it can efficiently conduct cooling liquid and effectively carry away heat; Material selection: Polymethyl methacrylate is selected as the imprint material. Polymethyl methacrylate has good processability and molding properties and is suitable for forming complex microstructures at nanometer-level precision. Electron transport layer treatment: Before starting imprinting, plasma cleaning technology is used to ensure that the surface of the electron transport layer is clean and free of dust or contaminants to avoid any tiny particles affecting the imprinting quality; Spin coating: A layer of polymethyl methacrylate imprint material is uniformly coated on the surface of the electron transport layer by spin coating technology. The spin coating speed and time should be adjusted according to the concentration and viscosity of the polymethyl methacrylate solution to obtain a uniform coating of the desired thickness; Heating and softening: heating the coated substrate to an appropriate temperature to soften the polymethyl methacrylate material, making it plastic and easy to shape; Mold imprinting: The designed quartz mold is brought into contact with the softened polymethyl methacrylate material on the electron transport layer, and uniform pressure is applied to make the polymethyl methacrylate material flow under pressure and fill the microstructure in the mold; Cooling and mold removal: While maintaining pressure, gradually cool the substrate to room temperature to solidify the polymethyl methacrylate material and maintain the hollow pipe structure. After cooling, remove the mold to avoid damaging the formed microstructure; Nano water injection: Nano water is injected into the formed hollow pipe to ensure that it fills all areas of the pipe. The high thermal conductivity of nano water helps to more efficiently remove the heat generated by the perovskite layer. Fluid circulation: Appropriate water pressure is applied on one side of the pipe so that low-temperature water can continue to circulate in the pipe and circulate through the electron transport layer, thereby achieving effective heat transfer and heat dissipation. It needs to be linked with the external cooling system to ensure the circulation of the coolant and the stability of the temperature; Temperature monitoring: When the photovoltaic glass is working, the temperature of the perovskite layer is monitored in real time to evaluate the cooling effect of the embedded microfluidic cooling system; Long-term stability test: Conduct accelerated aging tests on thermal management photovoltaic glass in high temperature environments to evaluate its performance retention during long-term operation.

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