An organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of plant growth agent and water-soluble fertilizer, specifically a kind of sweet potato control vigorous production increase quality improvement organic water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof, solve the problem that too much nitrogen in the soil causes the plant root system to absorb the aboveground part and grow vigorously, so that the underground tuber expansion is suppressed, and finally the sweet potato tuber yield is reduced, including organic fertilizer, modified ion exchange resin, activated carbon adsorbent and plant regulator, the organic matter ratio in the organic fertilizer is N: P: K = 7-10: 6-8: 24-40, macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer is placed in chloromethyl ether and zinc chloride is added, chlorine ball is obtained after reaction, chlorine ball is placed in ethylene dichloride and swells, and then tri-n-butylamine is added to react to obtain modified ion exchange resin. The present invention can regulate high nitrogen environment by the mode of topdressing, thereby reducing the nitrogen source in the environment, controlling the growth of aboveground plants, and increasing fruit yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant growth agents and water-soluble fertilizers, and in particular to an organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling growth, increasing yield and improving quality of sweet potatoes and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sweet potato is a perennial twining vine of the Dioscorea family and the Dioscorea genus. It has many branches at the top of the tuber. Sweet potato likes warmth and is drought-tolerant. It is a typical potassium-loving crop. In actual production, it is found that the above-ground stems and vines tend to grow vigorously, while the underground parts do not grow, resulting in reduced yields and the phenomenon of "empty vines and no potatoes".

[0003] The reason for the above phenomenon is that there is too much nitrogen fertilizer in the soil, which causes the roots of the plants to absorb it and then accumulate and transport it upward. The synthetic reaction causes the leaves to grow wildly, inhibits the development of the root system, and results in slow or even stopped fruiting. The second reason is that sweet potatoes are dryland plants and do not like a watery environment. Therefore, excessive watering in the early stage will also cause excessive growth of the aboveground parts. The third reason is that the planting density is too dense, the underground root system is too crowded, and there is insufficient nutrients and space, which makes it impossible for the root development and fruiting to proceed. Therefore, this phenomenon needs to be controlled to limit the growth of the aboveground part and increase the growth of the underground part. The existing solution is to spray plant regulators, which control the growth of the leaves after passive absorption on the leaf surface. However, this type of plant regulator is easily washed away by water and will not exist stably. Therefore, slow-release plant regulators appeared later. However, this type of plant regulation is strictly affected by concentration. Some plant regulators promote growth at low concentrations and inhibit growth at high concentrations. Therefore, it is easy to be affected by external factors and produce the opposite effect.

[0004] In response to this phenomenon, relevant technicians have found that the use of low-nitrogen humic acid controlled potassium fertilizer can effectively control the early growth rate of sweet potatoes and reduce the vigorous growth of vines and vines when the sweet potatoes grow weakly and have low above-ground fresh weight in an environment with low nitrogen content, while increasing the fresh weight below the ground. However, this method is only effective when the base fertilizer is applied before growth and planting, when the phenomenon of "empty vines and no potatoes" is bound to occur in theory. If it is applied rashly, it will lead to insufficient nitrogen fertilizer. The operation of topdressing in the middle will not reduce the nitrogen content in the soil that can be absorbed by plants. Therefore, an organic fertilizer is needed to cope with the phenomenon of "empty vines and no potatoes" caused by excessive nitrogen in the soil, so as to increase fruit yield and its growth quality. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem that excessive nitrogen in the soil causes vigorous growth of the aboveground parts of plants after absorption by the roots, thereby inhibiting the expansion of underground tubers and ultimately leading to reduced sweet potato tuber yield, the present invention provides an organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality, and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] First, the present application provides an organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality, the organic water-soluble fertilizer comprising the following components by weight: 50-70 parts of organic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of modified ion exchange resin, 12-35 parts of activated carbon adsorbent and 2-8 parts of plant regulator;

[0008] The organic matter ratio in the organic fertilizer is N:P:K=7-10:6-8:24-40;

[0009] The preparation method of the modified ion exchange resin is as follows:

[0010] The macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer is placed in chloromethyl ether and zinc chloride is added to obtain chlorine balls after reaction. The chlorine balls are placed in dichloroethane to swell, and then tri-n-butylamine is added to react to obtain a modified ion exchange resin.

[0011] The present application selectively absorbs nitrate ions in the environment by using ion exchange resin in organic water-soluble fertilizer. In a complex environment with chloride ions and sulfate ions, the ion exchange resin used in the present application can selectively and preferentially adsorb nitrate ions, thereby reducing the contact and absorption of nitrate ions with plant roots. The present application uses the ion exchange resin and activated carbon adsorbent to perform the first step of selective adsorption of nitrate in the environment, and then uses the ion exchange resin to connect the nitrate to the resin monomer in the water environment through artificial irrigation, thereby ensuring that the nitrate will not return to the soil environment.

[0012] The present application uses tri-n-butylamine when preparing ion exchange resin. The tri-n-butylamine has a relatively long chain and certain steric hindrance. In the complex environment of soil, there are a large number of sulfate ions and nitrate ions competing for adsorption, as well as hydrogen sulfate ions, so that conventional ion exchange resins do not have large-scale selective adsorption, and the adsorption of nitrate ions in the environment is not obvious. The selective ion exchange resin used in the present application is much more selective for nitrate ions than sulfate and hydrogen sulfate ions, and it is easier to achieve adsorption of nitrate ions, so that the number of nitrate ions in the soil environment is significantly reduced, thereby inhibiting plant root absorption and causing crazy leaf growth, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating the growth of underground parts of plants.

[0013] Preferably, the plant regulator contains a regulating factor, which is one of paclobutrazol, chlormequat chloride and ethephon. The plant regulator is also adapted to have a sustained-release layer and an adhesive, which is one of diatomaceous earth, bentonite and white clay, and the adhesive is one of starch or yellow dextrin. The weight ratio of the regulating factor, the sustained-release layer and the adhesive is 7:1-2:0.5-1.

[0014] Preferably, the weight ratio of the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer to zinc chloride is 10:3-5, and the weight ratio of the tri-n-butylamine to the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer is 3-5:10.

[0015] Preferably, the reaction time of the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer in chloromethyl ether is 3 hours, the reaction temperature is 45° C., the swelling time is 0.5-2 hours, and the reaction temperature after the addition of tri-n-butylamine is 70-80° C.

[0016] Preferably, the preparation method of the activated carbon adsorbent is as follows:

[0017] First, pretreatment is performed by soaking the activated carbon in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, washing and grinding it into powder, and modifying the activated carbon powder with 25 mM magnesium chloride. The activated carbon is placed in a magnesium chloride solution, the temperature is maintained at 60-90 ° C, and the reaction time is 1.5-3 h to obtain modified activated carbon.

[0018] In the present application, activated carbon powder is modified by using magnesium chloride to achieve stronger ion adsorption. In the process of various ion modifications, the applicant found that the adsorption amount of nitrate by magnesium ions can reach the maximum, which is better than the adsorption effect of other metal ions on nitrate ions after modification.

[0019] The present application also provides a method for preparing an organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality, the method comprising the following preparation steps:

[0020] S1, organic fertilizer molding, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium humate, polyglutamic acid and organic matter are mixed, water is added to adjust the humidity to 10%, and extrusion molding is performed to obtain a rod-shaped organic fertilizer;

[0021] S2, pre-treating the modified ion exchange resin, dispersing and impregnating it with ethanol, then adding an activated carbon adsorbent for connection, centrifuging after the connection, then adding an alkali solution for treatment, and then washing with water until neutral to obtain a coating material in a colloidal state;

[0022] S3, spreading the coating material in a colloidal state, spraying ethanol on the surface of the stick-shaped organic fertilizer, placing it on the surface of the coating material in a colloidal state and rolling it, so that the cylindrical surface of the stick-shaped organic fertilizer is fully coated with the coating material in a colloidal state;

[0023] S4. Finally, the regulating factor, the slow-release layer and the adhesive are mixed and ground into a slow-release powder according to the weight ratio, and the rod-shaped organic fertilizer coated with the colloid coating material is placed on the slow-release powder, rolled and then dried, and the humidity is maintained at 10-15% to obtain an organic water-soluble fertilizer.

[0024] The present application uses ethanol as a dispersant during the preparation process to disperse the ion exchange resin into a network form, so that the molecular gaps of the ion exchange resin are opened to facilitate the entry of activated carbon substances, thereby forming larger pores to facilitate the entry of nitrate ions after subsequent fertilization, thereby optimizing absorption and increasing the contact area between the ion exchange resin and nitrate. The rod-shaped organic fertilizer is only bonded to the ion exchange resin on the cylindrical surface, with the end exposed to the outside, so that it is easy to dissolve after flooding and watering, and the plant can absorb the organic fertilizer.

[0025] Preferably, the volume ratio of ethanol to water used for dispersion and impregnation is 3:6-8.

[0026] Preferably, the connection conditions in S2 are: the temperature is 25-35° C., the reaction is carried out under shaking conditions for 24 hours, and then the temperature is raised to 45° C. for aging before the connection is completed.

[0027] Preferably, the proportions of the components in the organic fertilizer by weight are as follows:

[0028] Urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: potassium humate: polyglutamic acid: organic matter = 20-25: 10-15: 10-20: 5-10: 50-60.

[0029] The organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling growth of sweet potatoes, increasing yield and improving quality disclosed in the present application can effectively control growth of sweet potatoes.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. The present application uses ion adsorption resin in organic fertilizer to adsorb nitrogen sources in the soil and reduce the absorption of nitrogen sources by plant roots. Sweet potatoes grow in dry land and prefer nitrate nitrogen sources. Therefore, selective adsorption of nitrate can greatly reduce the probability of nitrate being absorbed by plant roots and converted into amino acids, thereby slowing down leaf growth. When the absorption of other elements is not reduced, the absorption of potassium and phosphorus will promote the development of fruits and underground roots, thereby achieving the effect of controlling growth and ultimately achieving the goal of increasing production and improving quality.

[0032] 2. The organic fertilizer of the present application can be used not only as base fertilizer, but also as topdressing. After the topdressing is applied, it only needs to be distributed by flooding, so that the nitrate in the soil is ionized and initially attracted by the activated carbon, and then exchanged under the influence of the internal and external ion difference, thereby achieving the adsorption of nitrate roots, which can inhibit excessive growth on the surface midway, and other effective ingredients provided by the low-nitrogen organic fertilizer will promote the development of the plant root system. With double insurance, the plant can achieve the effect of improving quality and increasing yield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be described in detail with reference to various embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] The preparation method of the organic matter in this application is as follows:

[0035] Mix plant fibers, rotten fruits and feces from field plants with an equal mass of water, and then ferment at 50°C. The fermentation bacteria are a composite flora of Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, Streptomyces jingyangensis, Streptomyces honghuangensis, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus gelatinus. Fermentation liquid can be obtained after one week of fermentation. The fermentation liquid is mixed with humic acid in a ratio of 5:1, dried, and organic matter is obtained.

[0036] Preparation Example 1

[0037] Preparation of modified ion exchange resin

[0038] The macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer is immersed in a sufficient amount of chloromethyl ether to obtain a mixture A, and then zinc chloride in a weight ratio of 10:4 between the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and zinc chloride is added to the mixture A, the reaction time is 3 hours, the reaction temperature is 45°C, chlorine balls are obtained after the reaction, the chlorine balls are filtered out and washed with water, and dried to obtain dry chlorine balls, and the dry chlorine balls are swollen in dichloroethane for 1 hour to obtain a mixture B, and then tri-n-butylamine in a weight ratio of 4:10 between the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and tri-n-butylamine is added to the mixture B, the reaction temperature is 75°C, the reaction time is 5 hours, and a modified ion exchange resin is obtained, which is alternately washed with ethanol and water, and then adjusted to a pH below 4 with hydrochloric acid, and then allowed to stand in the acid solution for 1 hour, washed with water to neutrality, and dried to obtain a modified ion exchange resin.

[0039] Preparation Example 2

[0040] Preparation of modified ion exchange resin

[0041] The macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer is immersed in a sufficient amount of chloromethyl ether to obtain a mixture A, and then zinc chloride in a weight ratio of 10:3 between the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and zinc chloride is added to the mixture A, the reaction time is 3 hours, the reaction temperature is 45°C, chlorine balls are obtained after the reaction, the chlorine balls are filtered out and washed with water, and dried to obtain dry chlorine balls, and the dry chlorine balls are swollen in dichloroethane for 0.5 hours to obtain a mixture B, and then tri-n-butylamine in a weight ratio of 3:10 between the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and tri-n-butylamine is added to the mixture B, the reaction temperature is 70°C, the reaction time is 4 hours, and a modified ion exchange resin is obtained, which is alternately washed with ethanol and water, and then adjusted to a pH below 4 with hydrochloric acid, and then allowed to stand in the acid solution for 1 hour, washed with water to neutrality, and dried to obtain a modified ion exchange resin.

[0042] Preparation Example 3

[0043] Preparation of modified ion exchange resin

[0044] The macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer is immersed in a sufficient amount of chloromethyl ether to obtain a mixture A, and then zinc chloride in a weight ratio of 10:5 between the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and zinc chloride is added to the mixture A, the reaction time is 3 hours, the reaction temperature is 45°C, chlorine balls are obtained after the reaction, the chlorine balls are filtered out and washed with water, and dried to obtain dry chlorine balls, and the dry chlorine balls are swollen in dichloroethane for 2 hours to obtain a mixture B, and then tri-n-butylamine in a weight ratio of 5:10 between the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and tri-n-butylamine is added to the mixture B, the reaction temperature is 80°C, the reaction time is 6 hours, and a modified ion exchange resin is obtained, which is alternately washed with ethanol and water, and then adjusted to a pH below 4 with hydrochloric acid, and then allowed to stand in the acid solution for 1 hour, washed with water to neutrality, and dried to obtain a modified ion exchange resin.

[0045] Preparation Example 4 - This preparation example does not use tri-n-butylamine to react with macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer

[0046] Preparation of modified ion exchange resin

[0047] The macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer is immersed in a sufficient amount of chloromethyl ether to obtain a mixture A, and then zinc chloride in a weight ratio of 10:4 between the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and zinc chloride is added to the mixture A, the reaction time is 3 hours, the reaction temperature is 45°C, chlorine balls are obtained after the reaction, the chlorine balls are filtered out and washed with water, and dried to obtain dry chlorine balls, and the dry chlorine balls are swollen in dichloroethane for 1 hour to obtain a mixture B, and then trimethylamine in a weight ratio of 4:10 between the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and trimethylamine is added to the mixture B, the reaction temperature is 75°C, the reaction time is 5 hours, and a modified ion exchange resin is obtained, which is alternately washed with ethanol and water, and then adjusted to below pH 4 with hydrochloric acid, and then allowed to stand in the acid solution for 1 hour, washed with water to neutrality, and dried to obtain a modified ion exchange resin.

[0048] Preparation Example 5

[0049] Preparation of activated carbon adsorbent

[0050] First, the activated carbon was soaked in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, washed and ground into powder, and the activated carbon powder was modified using 25 mM magnesium chloride. The activated carbon was placed in a magnesium chloride solution, the temperature was maintained at 80 °C, and the reaction time was 2 h to obtain modified activated carbon.

[0051] Preparation Example 6

[0052] Preparation of activated carbon adsorbent

[0053] First, the activated carbon was soaked in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, washed and ground into powder, and the activated carbon powder was modified using 25 mM magnesium chloride. The activated carbon was placed in a magnesium chloride solution, the temperature was maintained at 60 °C, and the reaction time was 3 h to obtain modified activated carbon.

[0054] Preparation Example 7

[0055] Preparation of activated carbon adsorbent

[0056] First, the activated carbon was soaked in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, washed and ground into powder, and the activated carbon powder was modified using 25 mM magnesium chloride. The activated carbon was placed in a magnesium chloride solution, the temperature was maintained at 90 °C, and the reaction time was 1.5 h to obtain modified activated carbon.

[0057] Preparation Example 8 - No modification with magnesium chloride

[0058] Preparation of activated carbon adsorbent

[0059] First, the activated carbon was soaked in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, washed and ground into powder, and the activated carbon powder was soaked in a 25 mM hydrochloric acid solution. The activated carbon was placed in the hydrochloric acid solution, the temperature was maintained at 70 ° C, and the reaction time was 2 h to obtain modified activated carbon.

[0060] Preparation Example Example

[0061] Preparation of organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality

[0062] This embodiment uses the modified ion exchange resin of Preparation Example 1 and the activated carbon adsorbent of Preparation Example 5.

[0063] S1. Organic fertilizer molding: 22 parts of urea, 13 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of potassium humate, 7 parts of polyglutamic acid and 55 parts of organic matter are mixed, and the ratio of each element of the organic matter is N:P:K=7:7:32. Water is added to adjust the humidity to 10%, and 112 parts of stick-shaped organic fertilizer are obtained by extrusion molding using an extruder;

[0064] S2. Pre-treat 15 parts of modified ion exchange resin and use sufficient ethanol for dispersion and impregnation, with the volume ratio of ethanol to water being 3:7, and then add 20 parts of activated carbon adsorbent for connection, the connection temperature is 30°C, and react under shaking conditions for 24 hours, and then heat to 45°C for aging. After the connection is completed, centrifuge, then add 10% sodium hydroxide solution for treatment, and then wash with water until neutral and filter to obtain a coating material in a colloidal state;

[0065] S3, spreading the coating material in a colloidal state, weighing 60 parts by weight of a rod-shaped organic fertilizer, spraying ethanol on the surface of the rod-shaped organic fertilizer, and then placing the rod-shaped organic fertilizer on the surface of the coating material in a colloidal state and rolling it so that the cylindrical surface of the rod-shaped organic fertilizer is fully coated with the coating material in a colloidal state;

[0066] S4. Finally, 5 parts by weight of paclobutrazol, diatomaceous earth and starch are mixed and ground into a slow-release powder in a weight ratio of 7:1.5:0.8, and the rod-shaped organic fertilizer coated with the coating material in a colloidal state is placed on the slow-release powder, rolled and then dried, and the humidity is maintained at 13% to obtain an organic water-soluble fertilizer. Example

[0067] Preparation of organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality

[0068] This embodiment uses the modified ion exchange resin of Preparation Example 2 and the activated carbon adsorbent of Preparation Example 6.

[0069] S1. Organic fertilizer molding: 20 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of potassium humate, 5 parts of polyglutamic acid and 50 parts of organic matter are mixed, and the ratio of each element of the organic matter is N:P:K=7:6:24. Water is added to adjust the humidity to 10%, and 95 parts of stick-shaped organic fertilizer are obtained by extrusion molding using an extruder;

[0070] S2. Pre-treat 10 parts of modified ion exchange resin and use sufficient ethanol for dispersion and impregnation, with the volume ratio of ethanol to water being 3:6, and then add 12 parts of activated carbon adsorbent for connection, the connection temperature is 25°C, and react under shaking conditions for 24 hours, and then heat to 45°C for aging. After the connection is completed, centrifuge, then add 10% sodium hydroxide solution for treatment, and then wash with water until neutral and filter to obtain a coating material in a colloidal state;

[0071] S3, spreading the coating material in a colloidal state, weighing 50 parts by weight of a rod-shaped organic fertilizer, spraying ethanol on the surface of the rod-shaped organic fertilizer, and then placing the rod-shaped organic fertilizer on the surface of the coating material in a colloidal state and rolling it so that the cylindrical surface of the rod-shaped organic fertilizer is fully coated with the coating material in a colloidal state;

[0072] S4. Finally, 2 parts by weight of chlormequat chloride, bentonite and yellow dextrin are mixed and ground into a slow-release powder in a weight ratio of 7:1:0.5, and a rod-shaped organic fertilizer coated with a colloid coating material is placed on the slow-release powder, rolled and then dried, and the humidity is maintained at 10% to obtain an organic water-soluble fertilizer. Example

[0073] Preparation of organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality

[0074] This embodiment uses the modified ion exchange resin of Preparation Example 3 and the activated carbon adsorbent of Preparation Example 7.

[0075] S1. Organic fertilizer molding: 25 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of polyglutamic acid and 60 parts of organic matter are mixed, and the ratio of each element of the organic matter is N:P:K=10:8:40. Water is added to adjust the humidity to 10%, and 130 parts of stick-shaped organic fertilizer are obtained by extrusion molding using an extruder;

[0076] S2. Pre-treat 20 parts of modified ion exchange resin and use sufficient ethanol for dispersion and impregnation, with the volume ratio of ethanol to water being 3:8, and then add 35 parts of activated carbon adsorbent for connection, the connection temperature is 35°C, and react under shaking conditions for 24 hours, and then heat to 45°C for aging. After the connection is completed, centrifuge, then add 10% sodium hydroxide solution for treatment, and then wash with water until neutral and filter to obtain a coating material in a colloidal state;

[0077] S3, spreading the coating material in a colloidal state, weighing 70 parts by weight of a rod-shaped organic fertilizer, spraying ethanol on the surface of the rod-shaped organic fertilizer, and then placing the rod-shaped organic fertilizer on the surface of the coating material in a colloidal state and rolling it so that the cylindrical surface of the rod-shaped organic fertilizer is fully coated with the coating material in a colloidal state;

[0078] S4. Finally, 8 parts of ethephon, white clay and starch are mixed in a weight ratio of 7:2:1 and ground into a slow-release powder. The stick-shaped organic fertilizer coated with the colloid coating material is placed on the slow-release powder, rolled and dried, and the humidity is maintained at 15% to obtain an organic water-soluble fertilizer.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] Preparation of organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality

[0081] This comparative example uses the modified ion exchange resin of Preparation Example 4 and the activated carbon adsorbent of Preparation Example 5.

[0082] Comparative Example 2

[0083] Preparation of organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality

[0084] This embodiment uses the modified ion exchange resin of Preparation Example 1 and the activated carbon adsorbent of Preparation Example 8.

[0085] Comparative Example 3: No ion exchange resin was used, but activated carbon adsorbent was directly coated on the outside of the organic fertilizer. The specific differences are as follows:

[0086] Preparation of organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality

[0087] This example uses the activated carbon adsorbent of Preparation Example 5.

[0088] S1. Organic fertilizer molding: 22 parts of urea, 13 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of potassium humate, 7 parts of polyglutamic acid and 55 parts of organic matter are mixed, and the ratio of each element of the organic matter is N:P:K=7:7:32. Water is added to adjust the humidity to 10%, and 112 parts of stick-shaped organic fertilizer are obtained by extrusion molding using an extruder;

[0089] S2, 10 parts of maltodextrin were mixed with 12 parts of water, and then 20 parts of activated carbon adsorbent were added to mix, and stirred for 12 hours to obtain a coating material in a colloidal state;

[0090] S3, spreading the coating material in a colloidal state, weighing 60 parts by weight of a rod-shaped organic fertilizer, spraying ethanol on the surface of the rod-shaped organic fertilizer, and then placing the rod-shaped organic fertilizer on the surface of the coating material in a colloidal state and rolling it so that the cylindrical surface of the rod-shaped organic fertilizer is fully coated with the coating material in a colloidal state;

[0091] S4. Finally, 5 parts by weight of paclobutrazol, diatomaceous earth and starch are mixed and ground into a slow-release powder in a weight ratio of 7:1.5:0.8, and the rod-shaped organic fertilizer coated with the coating material in a colloidal state is placed on the slow-release powder, rolled and then dried, and the humidity is maintained at 13% to obtain an organic water-soluble fertilizer.

[0092] Comparative Example 4: No activated carbon adsorbent was used

[0093] Preparation of organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality

[0094] This example uses the modified ion exchange resin of Preparation Example 1.

[0095] S1. Organic fertilizer molding: 22 parts of urea, 13 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of potassium humate, 7 parts of polyglutamic acid and 55 parts of organic matter are mixed, and the ratio of each element of the organic matter is N:P:K=7:7:32. Water is added to adjust the humidity to 10%, and 112 parts of stick-shaped organic fertilizer are obtained by extrusion molding using an extruder;

[0096] S2, pre-treating 15 parts of modified ion exchange resin, dispersing and impregnating them with sufficient ethanol, the volume ratio of ethanol to water being 3:7, washing with water until neutral, and then filtering to obtain a coating material in a colloidal state;

[0097] S3, spreading the coating material in a colloidal state, weighing 60 parts by weight of a rod-shaped organic fertilizer, spraying ethanol on the surface of the rod-shaped organic fertilizer, and then placing the rod-shaped organic fertilizer on the surface of the coating material in a colloidal state and rolling it so that the cylindrical surface of the rod-shaped organic fertilizer is fully coated with the coating material in a colloidal state;

[0098] S4. Finally, 5 parts by weight of paclobutrazol, diatomaceous earth and starch are mixed and ground into a slow-release powder in a weight ratio of 7:1.5:0.8, and the rod-shaped organic fertilizer coated with the coating material in a colloidal state is placed on the slow-release powder, rolled and then dried, and the humidity is maintained at 13% to obtain an organic water-soluble fertilizer.

[0099] Experiments and data

[0100] The organic water-soluble fertilizer obtained in the above-mentioned Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was applied to the test fields for topdressing, namely Test Fields No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The test fields all showed excessive growth on the surface and no fruit was produced underground. According to the application amount of 15 kg of topdressing per mu of land, it was evenly sprinkled on the field land, and then the water valve was opened for flooding to allow the organic water-soluble fertilizer to be fully dissolved and absorbed. Then, a layer of dry soil not exceeding 5 cm was covered on the soil layer, and 2-3 kg of topdressing was applied every 15 days. Three normal blank fields were set up and ordinary potassium sulfate type slow-release compound fertilizer was applied.

[0101] The final yield of the experimental field and the quality of the sweet potatoes produced were measured respectively. The quality of sweet potatoes was divided according to the shape and size of the sweet potatoes, and the number of various fruits was calculated. The specific standards are as follows:

[0102] Inferior fruit: deformed, small, black skin and nodules.

[0103] Good fruit: no deformity, not full, medium-sized, dark skin, with a few nodules.

[0104] Good quality fruit: no deformity, full fruit, large in size, smooth skin, bright red in color, and no nodules.

[0105] The experimental data are shown in Table 1:

[0106] The normal average yield of sweet potatoes is 2033 kg / mu, based on the average yield per mu of three blank fields.

[0107] analyze

[0108] According to the data in Table 1 of Experimental Fields 1 to 3, the present application improved the phenomenon of vigorous growth of sweet potatoes on the surface but no fruiting underground through topdressing. Not only was the yield the same as that of the blank field, but the content of inferior fruits was greatly reduced, and the content of high-quality fruits was the highest. This can achieve the control of sweet potato growth, as well as increase the yield and improve the quality of sweet potato fruits.

[0109] According to the data from Experimental Field 4, the trimethylamine used in the ion exchange resin used in this field reacted with the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. The data showed that the yield of this field was reduced by 18%, and there were more inferior fruits, accounting for nearly half. This proves that the use of ion exchange resin modified with tri-n-butylamine can effectively prevent nitrate from being absorbed by plant roots and effectively increase yield and quality.

[0110] According to the data from Experimental Field 5, the activated carbon adsorbent in this field was not modified with magnesium chloride, but hydrochloric acid was used to increase its active sites. The data shows that the yield decreased by 23%, with more inferior and good fruits and fewer high-quality fruits. This proves that the use of magnesium ions in activated carbon adsorbents can increase the attraction of nitrate ions, allowing more nitrate ions to react with ion exchange resins, while activated carbon that has not been modified with magnesium ions will adsorb more irrelevant substances, reducing the passage and adsorption of nitrate ions.

[0111] According to the data from Experimental Field 6, this field did not use ion exchange resin, but directly wrapped activated carbon adsorbent on the outside of the organic fertilizer. In practice, it was proved that this step did not improve the yield and quality of sweet potato fruit, with the lowest yield and the least high-quality fruit. This proved that the ion adsorption resin has the strongest binding force for nitrate, and other adsorbents can still be absorbed by the roots of plants, which will not cause a reduction in the nitrogen source of the land, let alone achieve the goal of improving quality and increasing yield.

[0112] According to the data of Experimental Field 7, no activated carbon adsorbent was used in the field. According to the data, the yield of Experimental Field 7 decreased less, and the rate of inferior fruit was the lowest among the comparative experimental fields. This proves that the activated carbon adsorbent has the effect of enhancing the adsorption of nitrate by ion adsorption resin, and further confirms the effect of ion exchange resin in the present invention, which can greatly improve the amount of nitrate in the soil, delay the growth of the aboveground part, and achieve the purpose of improving quality and increasing yield.

[0113] So far, this application describes the technical solutions of the present invention through the above preferred embodiments, but it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: S1, organic fertilizer molding, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium humate, polyglutamic acid and organic matter are mixed, water is added to adjust the humidity to 10%, and extrusion molding is performed to obtain a rod-shaped organic fertilizer; S2, pre-treating the modified ion exchange resin and then dispersing and impregnating it with an ethanol aqueous solution, wherein the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 3:6-8, and then adding an activated carbon adsorbent for connection. After the connection is completed, centrifugation is performed, and then an alkali solution is added for treatment, and then washed with water until neutral to obtain a coating material in a colloidal state; S3, spreading the coating material in a colloidal state, spraying ethanol on the surface of the stick-shaped organic fertilizer, placing the stick-shaped organic fertilizer on the surface of the coating material in a colloidal state and rolling it, so that the cylindrical surface of the stick-shaped organic fertilizer is fully coated with the coating material in a colloidal state; S4, the plant regulator includes a regulating factor, a slow-release layer and an adhesive, wherein the weight ratio of the regulating factor, the slow-release layer and the adhesive is 7:1-2:0.5-1, and finally the regulating factor, the slow-release layer and the adhesive are mixed and ground into a slow-release powder in proportion, and the stick-shaped organic fertilizer coated with the coating material in a colloidal state is placed on the slow-release powder for rolling, and then dried to keep the humidity at 10-15% to obtain an organic water-soluble fertilizer; The preparation method of the modified ion exchange resin is as follows: The macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer is placed in chloromethyl ether and zinc chloride is added to obtain chlorine balls after reaction. The chlorine balls are placed in dichloroethane to swell, and then tri-n-butylamine is added to react to obtain a modified ion exchange resin. The preparation method of the activated carbon adsorbent is as follows: First, pretreatment is performed by soaking the activated carbon in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, washing and grinding it into powder, and modifying the activated carbon powder with 25mM magnesium chloride. The activated carbon is placed in a magnesium chloride solution, the temperature is maintained at 60-90°C, and the reaction time is 1.5-3h to obtain modified activated carbon.

2. The method for preparing a sweet potato organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling growth, increasing production and improving quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection conditions of S2 are: the temperature is 25-35°C, the reaction is carried out under shaking conditions for 24 hours, and then the temperature is raised to 45°C for aging.

3. The method for preparing a sweet potato organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling growth, increasing production and improving quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The proportions of the components in the organic fertilizer of S1 are as follows by weight: Urea: potassium dihydrogen phosphate: potassium humate: polyglutamic acid: organic matter = 20-25: 10-15: 10-20: 5-10: 50-60.

4. The method for preparing a sweet potato organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling growth, increasing production and improving quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer to zinc chloride is 10:3-5, and the weight ratio of the tri-n-butylamine to the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer is 3-5:

10.

5. The method for preparing a sweet potato organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling growth, increasing production and improving quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction time of the macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer in chloromethyl ether is 3 hours, the reaction temperature is 45° C., the swelling time is 0.5-2 hours, and the reaction temperature after the addition of tri-n-butylamine is 70-80° C.

6. An organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing yield and improving quality, characterized in that: The organic water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the proportions of the components in parts by weight are: 50-70 parts of organic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of modified ion exchange resin, 12-35 parts of activated carbon adsorbent and 2-8 parts of plant regulator; The organic matter ratio in the organic fertilizer is N:P:K=7-10:6-8:24-40.

7. The organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling sweet potato growth, increasing production and improving quality according to claim 6, characterized in that: The plant regulator contains a regulating factor, which is one of paclobutrazol, chlormequat chloride and ethephon. The plant regulator is also adapted with a sustained-release layer and an adhesive, which is one of diatomaceous earth, bentonite and white clay, and the adhesive is one of starch or yellow dextrin.

8. Use of an organic water-soluble fertilizer for controlling the vigorous growth of sweet potatoes, increasing yield and improving quality as described in any one of claims 6-7 in controlling the vigorous growth of sweet potatoes.

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