Method for inhibiting toxic weed ligularia virgaurea and promoting growth of forage grasses loved by cattle and sheep in alpine degraded pasture

Abstract

The invention provides a method suitable for inhibiting toxic weed ligularia virgaurea and promoting growth of forage grasses loved by cattle and sheep in alpine degraded pastures. Aiming at the defects of the existing physical and chemical weeding methods, the technical scheme of applying the ligularia virgaurea inhibitor and the nitrogen fertilizer is combined, so that the growth of the ligularia virgaurea is effectively inhibited, meanwhile, the growth of forage grass loved by cattle and sheep is promoted, and the ecological comprehensive treatment concept of treating grass with grass is realized. Experimental results show that the method can significantly reduce the biomass and coverage of ligularia virgaurea and improve the biomass and coverage of forage grasses loved by cattle and sheep, and is of great significance to treatment and improvement of toxic weeds, especially high and cold degraded pastures with dominant ligularia virgaurea. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, environmental protection and high efficiency, and is suitable for treatment and improvement of high and cold degraded pastures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of pasture ecological restoration and management, and specifically discloses a method suitable for inhibiting the poisonous weed Ligularia japonica and promoting the growth of forage grass preferred by cattle and sheep in alpine degraded pastures. Background Art

[0002] Ligularia virgaurea is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Ligularia in the Asteraceae family. It contains a white toxic latex with an unpleasant odor, which can cause poisoning or even death to cattle and sheep after ingestion. It is a common poisonous weed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau pastures and is also considered an important species indicating the degradation of alpine pastures. Due to global change and overgrazing, poisonous weeds including Ligularia virgaurea have spread, seriously affecting the yield of pasture grasses that cattle and sheep like to eat and the sustainable development of animal husbandry in alpine pastures. [Shi Guoxi, Wang Wenying, Jiang Shengjing, Cheng Gang, Yao Buqing, Feng Huyuan, Zhou Huakun. Effects of Ligularia virgaurea population expansion on soil physical and chemical properties and microbial functional diversity. Acta Plant Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 42(1): 126-132]

[0003] The essence of pasture degradation is soil degradation, especially overgrazing leads to a decrease in soil nutrients. Some pastures with high nutrient requirements, such as nitrogen-loving grasses, eventually decrease in the community due to nutrient limitations. At the same time, because poisonous weeds have low nutrient requirements and are rarely eaten by cattle and sheep, they eventually become the dominant species in the alpine pasture community. Therefore, based on the mechanism of alpine pasture degradation and the biological mechanism of the growth and spread of poisonous weeds, a relatively simple and low-cost comprehensive management plan has been formulated, which has become an effective measure to solve the growth and spread of poisonous weeds in alpine pastures and the contradiction between grass and livestock.

[0004] At present, the management of alpine pastures dominated by poisonous weeds such as Ligustrum lucidum mainly includes physical weed control and chemical removal. Physical weed control methods, such as manual digging and mechanical removal, have the problems of low efficiency, large consumption of manpower and time, especially in areas where Ligustrum lucidum grows on a large scale, it is difficult to implement comprehensive and effective removal. In addition, manual removal often cannot ensure the complete removal of underground roots, and the remaining roots may still grow new plants again, resulting in incomplete control, and may even damage the native vegetation and cause soil erosion. Although the use of chemical herbicides is a relatively effective method, it still faces many challenges. Existing chemical herbicides, such as clomiphene carboxylic acid, clofopyralid ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl + bensulfuron-methyl and other herbicides and their mixed combinations, are extremely inconvenient to use in the field due to the complex composition of chemical herbicides, and their complex chemical composition often has a huge impact on the ecological environment. At the same time, the herbicides used on the market are mainly targeted at annual plants in farmland ecosystems. These herbicides mainly act on the leaves of weeds in annual farmland and rarely work on the roots of perennial grassland plants. As a result, the number of toxic weeds is reduced after short-term use, but no long-term effect is achieved.

[0005] The present invention utilizes the degradation mechanism of high-altitude pastures and the biological characteristics of the poisonous weed Ligularia japonica to develop a scheme suitable for inhibiting the poisonous weed Ligularia japonica and promoting the growth of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat in high-altitude degraded pastures. The basic innovation of the present invention is that a low-concentration mixed solution of butoxyethyl triclopyrazone and potassium clopyralid can be used to quickly inhibit the growth of Ligularia japonica, and then appropriate nitrogen fertilizers are used to promote the growth of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat, so that the forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat quickly occupies the above-ground and underground ecological niches, and finally achieves the ecological management effect of "controlling grass with grass". Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for effectively preventing and controlling the breeding and spread of Ligularia japonica and promoting the growth of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat.

[0007] The present invention includes the following specific technical solutions:

[0008] The invention discloses a ligusticum truncatum inhibitor, which is composed of clopyralid butyloxyethyl ester and clopyralid potassium salt dissolved in water.

[0009] Furthermore, the above-mentioned Ligularia officinalis inhibitor is prepared by the following steps: including dissolving butoxyethyl triclopyrazone and clopyralid potassium salt in water, so that the final concentration of butoxyethyl triclopyrazone is 0.9-1.1 g / L, and the final concentration of clopyralid potassium salt is 0.04-0.05 g / L.

[0010] The present invention also discloses a method suitable for inhibiting the poisonous weed Ligularia japonica and promoting the growth of forage grass preferred by cattle and sheep in alpine degraded pastures, which at least comprises the step of applying the Ligularia japonica inhibitor as claimed in claim 1 to the degraded grassland.

[0011] Furthermore, the above method suitable for inhibiting the poisonous weed Ligularia officinalis and promoting the growth of forage grass preferred by cattle and sheep in alpine degraded pastures comprises the following steps:

[0012] 1) Assess the distribution and density of Ligularia officinalis in degraded grasslands;

[0013] 2) Based on the evaluation results, selectively apply the Ligularia japonica inhibitor to the Ligularia japonica growth area.

[0014] Furthermore, the above-mentioned method is suitable for suppressing the poisonous weed Ligularia japonica and promoting the growth of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat in high-altitude degraded pastures. The step of evaluating the distribution and density of Ligularia japonica in degraded grasslands includes using remote sensing technology, drone monitoring, ground surveys or a combination of these methods to collect data, and perform data analysis and processing.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above method suitable for inhibiting the poisonous weed Ligularia japonica in high-altitude degraded pastures and promoting the growth of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat, the application amount of the Ligularia japonica inhibitor is 50 to 100 L per mu.

[0016] Furthermore, the above-mentioned method is suitable for inhibiting the poisonous weed Ligularia japonica and promoting the growth of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat in high-altitude degraded pastures. The step of applying the Ligularia japonica inhibitor is carried out after the Ligularia japonica regenerates and the leaves are fully unfolded to maximize the effect of the inhibitor. The main reason is that the mature leaves can quickly transport the inhibitor to the root system, inhibiting the root system's absorption of nutrients.

[0017] Furthermore, the above method suitable for inhibiting the poisonous weed Ligularia japonica and promoting the growth of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat in high-altitude degraded pastures also includes: 3) within a specific time period after applying the Ligularia japonica inhibitor, applying nitrogen fertilizer to the degraded pasture to promote the growth of nitrogen-loving forage grass, thereby further inhibiting the growth of Ligularia japonica.

[0018] Furthermore, the above-mentioned method suitable for inhibiting the poisonous weed Ligularia japonica and promoting the growth of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat in high-altitude degraded pastures, the nitrogen fertilizer is biological nitrogen fertilizer, the application amount is 10-20 kg of urea per mu, and the application time is selected within one week after the spraying of the Ligularia japonica inhibitor. The main purpose of selecting this time is to inhibit the growth of Ligularia japonica and allow the forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat to grow rapidly and occupy the ecological niche of the poisonous weeds, thereby achieving the ecological management of "controlling grass with grass".

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The invention discloses a method for inhibiting the poisonous weed Ligularia japonica and promoting the growth of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat in high-cold degraded pastures. The Ligularia japonica inhibitor is sprayed on the surface of its leaves, and the leaves are defoliated, curled, or even necrotic in a short time. With the further action of the inhibitor, it is gradually transmitted to the root system through the conduction system in the plant body. The root system is a key part for plants to absorb water and nutrients. The inhibitor can interfere with the normal physiological function of the root system, such as inhibiting the growth and expansion of the root system, reducing the root system's ability to absorb water and nutrients, and even causing the root system to rot or die. Damage to the leaves and roots ultimately leads to the growth of the entire plant being hindered, and the biomass and coverage of Ligularia japonica are significantly reduced. And after applying nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen-loving forage grass is allowed to grow rapidly. This comprehensive scheme can not only reduce the number of Ligularia japonica, but also increase the biomass and coverage of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat, especially the grass of the Gramineae family, and finally achieve the purpose of "using grass to control grass" to comprehensively control degraded grasslands. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1The schematic diagram is a schematic diagram of the changes in the total biomass, the preferred forage grass for cattle and sheep, the noxious weeds and the biomass of Ligularia ovata after Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention, and different letters represent significant differences between different treatments;

[0022] Figure 2 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the relative biomass changes of the pasture grass, poisonous weeds and Ligularia japonica favored by cattle and sheep after Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention, and different letters represent significant differences among different treatments;

[0023] Figure 3 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the relative coverage changes of the pasture grass, poisonous weeds and Ligularia japonica favored by cattle and sheep after Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention, and different letters represent significant differences between different treatments;

[0024] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of Ligularia officinalis after it turns green;

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of Ligularia japonica after 3 days of inhibitor treatment after full greening;

[0026] Figure 6 Effect diagram of plant community survey (taken at the end of August, the left side of the red line is the treatment without inhibitor, the right side is the treatment with inhibitor and nitrogen fertilizer, the yellow flowers are the flowers of Ligularia japonica, after the inhibitor treatment, the biomass and coverage of Ligularia japonica decreased, and the flowering of Ligularia japonica was inhibited, and the relative abundance of the forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat increased);

[0027] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of Tibetan sheep's preference for grazing grass in plots treated with Ligustrum lucidum inhibitor and fertilizer (cattle and sheep returned to winter pasture in October). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1:

[0030] Solution: No treatment is done on the sample plots.

[0031] Experiment: In 2023, the experiment was carried out in the most serious area of ​​​​Ligustrum lucidum in Haiyan Pasture, Haibei Tibetan Prefecture, Qinghai Province, without any treatment. After the growing season, the coverage of Ligustrum lucidum, poisonous weeds and forage grasses that cattle and sheep like to eat was investigated, and their aboveground biomass was obtained. The biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage values ​​of forage grasses, poisonous weeds and Ligustrum lucidum are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The forage grasses that cattle and sheep like to eat are mainly purple flower needle grass, Leymus striata, dwarf kobresia, line leaf kobresia, grass, blue leek, black brown moss, etc.; the poisonous weeds are mainly Ligustrum lucidum, Gentiana macrophylla, beautiful wind flower daisy, dwarf fireweed, etc.

[0032] Embodiment 2:

[0033] Plan: Apply yellow broomrape inhibitors: use 100 ml of Linbao (667g / L butoxyethyl triclopyrazone emulsifiable concentrate, Sichuan Lier Crop Science Co., Ltd.) and 3g of clopyralid potassium salt (Sichuan Lier Crop Science Co., Ltd.) per mu, add 70L of water, and spray evenly on the stems and leaves of the plants. The main purpose is to inhibit the growth of yellow broomrape in the short term and reduce its proportion in the pasture.

[0034] Experiment: In 2023, a control experiment was carried out in the most serious area of ​​​​Ligustrum lucidum in Haiyan Pasture, Haibei Tibetan Prefecture, Qinghai Province. After the ligustrum lucidum completely turned green (early June), the stems and leaves of ligustrum lucidum were sprayed with pesticides using spray equipment. After the growing season, the coverage of ligustrum lucidum, noxious weeds, and pastures that cattle and sheep like to eat was investigated, and their aboveground biomass was obtained.

[0035] Compared with Example 1, the changes in biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage of the pasture grass, poisonous weeds and Ligularia japonica that the cattle and sheep like to eat are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Figure 1 , 2 , 3 respectively more intuitively show the changes of biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage after applying the yellow broomrape inhibitor compared with Example 1. Specifically, after the yellow broomrape inhibitor was used alone, the community biomass increased by 31%, the biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage of poisonous weeds decreased by 63%, 71% and 42% respectively, the biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage of yellow broomrape decreased by 34%, 51% and 90% respectively, and the biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage of the forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat increased by 167%, 103% and 575% respectively.

[0036] Embodiment 3:

[0037] Plan: Nitrogen fertilizer application: Apply 15kg of urea per mu (total nitrogen content ≥ 46.0%, Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd.), mainly to promote the rapid growth of pasture that cattle and sheep like to eat and inhibit the growth of poisonous weeds.

[0038] Experiment: In 2023, the experiment was conducted in the most serious area of ​​Ligustrum lucidum in Haiyan Pasture, Haibei Tibetan Prefecture, Qinghai Province. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in mid-June to make nitrogen-loving plants grow rapidly. After the growing season, the coverage of Ligustrum lucidum, noxious weeds and pastures preferred by cattle and sheep was investigated, and their aboveground biomass was obtained.

[0039] Compared with Example 1, the changes in biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage of the pasture grass, poisonous grass and Ligularia japonica favored by the cattle and sheep are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Figure 1 , 2 , 3 respectively more intuitively show the changes of biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage after nitrogen fertilizer application compared with Example 1. Specifically, after single fertilization treatment, the community biomass increased by 42%, the biomass and relative biomass of poisonous weeds increased by 44% and 2% respectively, the relative coverage of poisonous weeds decreased by 5%, the biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage of Ligularia japonica decreased by 39%, 57% and 81% respectively, and the biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage of the forage grass preferred by cattle and sheep increased by 72%, 46% and 383.00% respectively.

[0040] Embodiment 4:

[0041] Solution: Ligularia officinalis inhibitor + nitrogen fertilizer: Use 100ml Linbao (667g / L triclopyr butoxyethyl emulsifiable concentrate, Sichuan Lier Crop Science Co., Ltd.) and 3g clopyralid potassium salt (Sichuan Lier Crop Science Co., Ltd.) per mu, add 70L of water, and spray evenly on the stems and leaves of the plants. One week after spraying the Ligularia officinalis growth inhibitor, apply 15kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu. The main purpose is to quickly inhibit the growth of Ligularia officinalis. At the same time, apply nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat. The purpose is to inhibit the growth of poisonous weeds through the growth of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat, so as to achieve the purpose of "controlling grass with grass".

[0042] Experiment: In 2023, the experiment was conducted in the most serious area of ​​Ligustrum lucidum in Haiyan Pasture, Haibei Tibetan Prefecture, Qinghai Province. In early June, after Ligustrum lucidum turned completely green, the stems and leaves of Ligustrum lucidum were sprayed with pesticides using spray equipment. In early mid-June, nitrogen fertilizer was artificially applied to make its nitrogen-loving forage grass grow rapidly. After the growing season, the coverage of Ligustrum lucidum, poisonous weeds, and forage grasses preferred by cattle and sheep was investigated, and their aboveground biomass was taken.

[0043] Compared with Example 1, the changes in biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage of the pasture grass, poisonous weeds and Ligularia japonica that the cattle and sheep like to eat are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Figure 1 , 2, 3 respectively more intuitively show the changes of biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage after applying the yellow broomrape inhibitor + nitrogen fertilizer compared with Example 1. Specifically: after the treatment with the yellow broomrape inhibitor and fertilization, the community biomass increased by 54%, the biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage of poisonous weeds decreased by 73%, 82% and 63% respectively, the biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage of the yellow broomrape decreased by 64%, 76% and 97% respectively, and the biomass, relative biomass and relative coverage of the forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat increased by 249%, 125% and 696.00% respectively.

[0044] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the regreening of Ligularia japonica. Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the fully greened Ligularia japonica after 3 days of inhibitor treatment, Figure 6 The effect diagram of the survey of plant communities is shown (photographed at the end of August, the left side of the red line is the treatment without inhibitors, the right side is the treatment with inhibitors and nitrogen fertilizers, the yellow flowers are the flowers of Ligularia japonica, after the inhibitor treatment, the biomass and coverage of Ligularia japonica decreased, and the flowering of Ligularia japonica was inhibited, and the relative abundance of the forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat increased). Figure 7 Schematic diagram showing Tibetan sheep's preference for grazing grass in plots treated with Ligustrum lucidum inhibitor and fertilizer (cattle and sheep returned to winter pasture in October).

[0045] Combining the above three implementation plans, the combined treatment of Ligularia officinalis inhibitor and fertilization has the most significant effect on the comprehensive management of high-altitude pastures with Ligularia officinalis as the main poisonous weed, mainly inhibiting the growth of poisonous weeds and promoting the growth of forage grass that cattle and sheep like to eat.

[0046] Table 1 Effects of the same treatments on aboveground biomass

[0047]

[0048] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on relative biomass

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Table 3 Effects of different treatments on relative cover

[0052]

[0053] The above are only a few preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are described in a more specific and detailed manner, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Ligularia officinalis inhibitor, characterized in that: It is made by dissolving butoxyethyl triclopyrazone and potassium salt of clopyralid in water.

2. The Ligularia officinalis inhibitor according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation method is prepared by the following steps: dissolving butoxyethyl triclopyrazone and clopyralid potassium salt in water, and then diluting the mixture twice according to the amount used, so that the final concentration of butoxyethyl triclopyrazone is 0.9-1.1 g / L, and the concentration of clopyralid potassium salt is 0.04-0.05 g / L.

3. A method suitable for inhibiting the poisonous weed Ligularia officinalis and promoting the growth of forage grass preferred by cattle and sheep in alpine degraded pastures, characterized in that: The method at least comprises the step of applying the Ligularia japonica inhibitor as claimed in claim 1 to the degraded pasture.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The following steps are involved: 1) Assess the distribution and density of Ligularia officinalis in degraded pastures; 2) Based on the evaluation results, selectively apply the Ligularia japonica inhibitor to the pasture where Ligularia japonica grows.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The steps of assessing the distribution and density of Ligularia japonica in degraded pastures include collecting data using remote sensing technology, drone monitoring, ground surveys, or a combination of these methods, and performing data analysis and processing.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The application amount of the Ligularia japonica inhibitor is 50 to 100 L per mu.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The step of applying the Ligularia japonica inhibitor is carried out after the Ligularia japonica completely turns green to maximize the effect of the inhibitor.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Also includes: 3) Within a specific period of time after applying the Atractylodes japonica inhibitor, nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the degraded pasture to promote the growth of nitrogen-loving forage grasses, which quickly occupy the ecological niche lost by Atractylodes japonica and further inhibit the growth of Atractylodes japonica.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer is biological nitrogen fertilizer, and the application amount per mu is 10-20 kg of urea, and the application time is selected within one week after the spraying of the Ligularia officinalis inhibitor.

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