Full-seasonal greenhouse film material and planting device

Abstract

The invention provides a full-seasonal greenhouse film material and a planting device, and belongs to the technical field of greenhouse devices. The membrane material comprises an infrared spectrum selective layer, a hydrogel layer and a heat insulation layer which are arranged in an overlapped mode. The infrared spectrum selective layer is used for emitting infrared radiation to the environment, the infrared radiation emissivity of the infrared spectrum selective layer is in direct proportion to the environment temperature, and the sunlight transmittance of the infrared spectrum selective layer is larger than or equal to 90%; the hydrogel layer is used for transmitting sunlight, the sunlight transmittance of the hydrogel layer is inversely proportional to the ambient temperature, and the infrared radiation transmittance of the hydrogel layer is greater than or equal to 90%; the heat insulation layer is used for insulating heat, the sunlight transmittance of the heat insulation layer is larger than or equal to 90%, and the infrared radiation transmittance of the heat insulation layer is larger than or equal to 90%. Through cooperation of the infrared spectrum selective layer, the hydrogel layer and the heat insulation layer, automatic regulation and control of the internal temperature of the greenhouse are achieved, meanwhile, the heat insulation layer isolates the internal environment and the external environment of the greenhouse, and energy consumption of the greenhouse is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of greenhouse devices, and in particular relates to a full-season greenhouse film material and a planting device. Background Art

[0002] Greenhouse cultivation is an agricultural technology that uses artificially constructed transparent or translucent structures to simulate the natural environment in order to control plant growth conditions.

[0003] Greenhouse cultivation usually requires long-term energy support. To achieve energy conservation, solar energy is usually used to achieve energy conservation. However, existing greenhouse cultivation devices that use solar energy can only screen and use solar energy in a certain period of time or season, and cannot adapt to seasonal changes throughout the year, and cannot achieve full seasonal energy conservation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a full-season greenhouse film material and planting device to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] This application is implemented as follows: In the first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide an all-season greenhouse film material, including an infrared spectral selective layer, a hydrogel layer and a thermal insulation layer that are overlapped; the infrared spectral selective layer is used to emit infrared radiation to the environment, the infrared radiation emissivity of the infrared spectral selective layer is proportional to the ambient temperature, and the solar light transmittance of the infrared spectral selective layer is greater than or equal to 90%; the hydrogel layer is used to transmit sunlight, the solar light transmittance of the hydrogel layer is inversely proportional to the ambient temperature, and the infrared radiation transmittance of the hydrogel layer is greater than or equal to 90%; the thermal insulation layer is used to isolate heat, the solar light transmittance of the thermal insulation layer is greater than or equal to 90%, and the infrared radiation transmittance of the thermal insulation layer is greater than or equal to 90%.

[0006] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a full-season greenhouse planting device, including the greenhouse film material provided in the embodiment of the first aspect.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects: In the present application, by setting up the infrared spectrum selective layer and the hydrogel layer, the film material can adaptively adjust the infrared radiation emissivity and the solar light transmittance according to the change of the ambient temperature, so as to adjust the temperature inside the greenhouse and reduce energy consumption. When the ambient temperature rises, the infrared radiation emissivity of the infrared spectrum selective layer increases to increase the infrared radiation cooling effect, and the solar light transmittance of the hydrogel layer decreases to reduce the absorption of solar energy inside the greenhouse, so that the greenhouse can automatically cool down when the ambient temperature rises and reduce energy consumption; when the ambient temperature drops, the infrared radiation emissivity of the infrared spectrum selective layer decreases to reduce the infrared radiation cooling effect, and the solar light transmittance of the hydrogel layer increases to enhance the absorption of solar energy inside the greenhouse, so that the greenhouse can increase or maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse when the ambient temperature drops.

[0008] In addition, a thermal insulation layer is also provided in the present application, which can isolate the heat transfer between the inside and outside of the greenhouse, reduce the cooling energy loss when the ambient temperature is high, and reduce the heating energy loss when the ambient temperature is low, thereby further reducing the energy consumption of the greenhouse; and the thermal insulation layer has a high sunlight transmittance and a high infrared radiation transmittance, ensuring that infrared radiation and sunlight can pass through the thermal insulation layer smoothly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane material provided in some embodiments of the present application. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane material provided in some embodiments of the present application. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane material provided in some embodiments of the present application. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane material provided in some embodiments of the present application. Figure 4 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane material provided in some embodiments of the present application. Figure 5 ; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of changes in sunlight transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel provided in some embodiments of the present application Figure 1; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of changes in sunlight transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel provided in some embodiments of the present application Figure 2 ; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of changes in sunlight transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel provided in some embodiments of the present application Figure 3 ; Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of changes in sunlight transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogels provided in some embodiments of the present application Figure 1 ; Fig.10 Schematic diagram of changes in sunlight transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogels provided in some embodiments of the present application Figure 2 ; Fig.11 Schematic diagram of changes in sunlight transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogels provided in some embodiments of the present application Figure 3 ; Fig.12 Schematic diagram of changes in sunlight transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel provided in some embodiments of the present application Figure 1 ; Fig.13 Schematic diagram of changes in sunlight transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel provided in some embodiments of the present application Figure 2 ; Fig.14 Schematic diagram of changes in sunlight transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel provided in some embodiments of the present application Figure 3 .

[0011] In the figure: 100 - infrared spectrum selective layer, 200 - hydrogel layer, 300 - thermal insulation layer, 400 - protective layer, 500 - protection layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The following description provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the present invention. The components and arrangements described in the following specific examples are only used to simplify the present invention and are only used as examples, not to limit the present invention.

[0013] The present application embodiment provides a greenhouse film material for all seasons, referring to Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the membrane material is used to cover the outside of the greenhouse frame to isolate the inside of the greenhouse from the external environment. The membrane material includes an infrared spectrum selective layer 100, a hydrogel layer 200 and a heat insulation layer 300 which are overlapped.

[0014] The infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is used to emit infrared radiation to the environment, and to perform radiation cooling through infrared radiation, thereby reducing the temperature inside the greenhouse. The infrared radiation emissivity of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is high, and the more infrared radiation the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 emits, the better the infrared radiation cooling effect; the infrared radiation emissivity of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is low, and the less infrared radiation the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 emits, the worse the infrared radiation cooling effect.

[0015] The infrared radiation emissivity is related to the ambient temperature. The ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the environment in which the film is located. The infrared radiation emissivity is proportional to the ambient temperature. The higher the ambient temperature, the higher the infrared radiation emissivity and the better the infrared radiation cooling effect; the lower the ambient temperature, the lower the infrared radiation emissivity and the worse the infrared radiation cooling effect.

[0016] The hydrogel layer 200 is used to transmit sunlight, and the sunlight passes through the hydrogel layer 200 into the greenhouse, and the greenhouse absorbs the solar energy. The hydrogel layer 200 has a solar transmittance. The higher the solar transmittance, the more sunlight can pass through the hydrogel layer 200, the more solar energy can be absorbed by the greenhouse, and the higher the temperature of the greenhouse; the lower the solar transmittance, the less sunlight can pass through the hydrogel layer 200, the less solar energy can be absorbed by the greenhouse, and the lower the temperature of the greenhouse.

[0017] The level of sunlight transmittance is also related to the ambient temperature. The sunlight transmittance is inversely proportional to the ambient temperature. The higher the ambient temperature, the lower the sunlight transmittance, and the lower the ambient temperature, the higher the sunlight transmittance.

[0018] In hot seasons, the ambient temperature rises, and the infrared radiation emissivity of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 increases, while the solar light transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200 decreases. The infrared spectrum selective layer 100 has a good radiation cooling effect, and the hydrogel layer 200 transmits less sunlight, so the greenhouse absorbs less solar energy. Compared with the ambient temperature, the temperature inside the greenhouse can be passively reduced, without additional cooling inside the greenhouse, thereby reducing energy consumption.

[0019] In cold seasons, the ambient temperature decreases, and the infrared radiation emissivity of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 decreases, while the solar light transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200 increases. The infrared spectrum selective layer 100 has a poor radiation cooling effect, and the hydrogel layer 200 transmits more solar light, so the greenhouse absorbs more solar energy. Therefore, compared with the ambient temperature, the temperature inside the greenhouse can be increased, or the temperature inside the greenhouse can be maintained to prevent the temperature inside the greenhouse from decreasing as the ambient temperature decreases.

[0020] The infrared spectrum selective layer 100 regulates its own infrared radiation emissivity to adapt to changes in ambient temperature. The infrared radiation transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200 is inherent. To reduce the influence of the hydrogel layer 200 on the infrared radiation cooling effect, the infrared radiation transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200 needs to be greater than or equal to 90%. The hydrogel layer 200 regulates its own solar light transmittance to adapt to changes in ambient temperature. The solar light transmittance of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is inherent. To reduce the influence of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 on sunlight, the solar light transmittance of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 needs to be greater than or equal to 90%.

[0021] The thermal insulation layer 300 of the embodiment of the present application is used to isolate heat. When the film material is in use, the thermal insulation layer 300 isolates the inside and outside of the greenhouse, avoiding heat exchange between the inside and outside of the greenhouse, thereby reducing the impact of high temperature or low temperature environment on the temperature inside the greenhouse. In hot seasons, the thermal insulation layer 300 can reduce the loss of cooling capacity, and in cold seasons, the thermal insulation layer 300 can reduce the loss of heating energy. The thermal insulation layer 300 effectively reduces the loss of temperature inside the greenhouse, saves the energy required for greenhouse operation, and reduces the energy consumption of the greenhouse.

[0022] The infrared radiation transmittance and sunlight transmittance of the heat insulation layer 300 are also inherent. In order to reduce the influence of the heat insulation layer 300 on the infrared radiation cooling effect and the amount of sunlight transmitted, the sunlight transmittance of the heat insulation layer 300 is greater than or equal to 90%, and the infrared radiation transmittance of the heat insulation layer 300 is greater than or equal to 90%. While isolating heat, the heat insulation layer 300 avoids or reduces its influence on the infrared radiation cooling effect, avoids or reduces its influence on the sunlight that passes through the film material, and reduces or avoids the influence of the heat insulation layer 300 on the temperature adjustment in the greenhouse.

[0023] The thermal insulation layer 300 can improve the thermal resistance of the greenhouse film material. At the same time, it can also take into account the regulation of sunlight transmission by the hydrogel layer 200 and the regulation of infrared radiation by the infrared spectrum selective layer 100. The thermal insulation layer 300 has a high thermal resistance, which can reduce the energy loss of the greenhouse caused by environmental parasitic heat, reduce the temperature in the greenhouse from fluctuations caused by the environment and climate, further ensure the relative stability of the plant growth temperature, and achieve an increase in the yield and quality of greenhouse plants.

[0024] If the solar transmittance of the heat insulating layer 300 is low, it will affect the regulating effect of the hydrogel layer 200 on the solar transmittance, and the greenhouse film material will not be able to regulate the sunlight entering the greenhouse according to different climate seasons, thereby affecting the regulation of the temperature inside the greenhouse, and even failing to meet the sunlight required for plant growth. If the infrared radiation transmittance of the heat insulating layer 300 is low, it will affect the regulating effect of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 on infrared radiation, and the greenhouse film material will not be able to regulate the heat loss inside the greenhouse according to different seasons, affecting the normal use of the greenhouse and causing energy waste.

[0025] It should be explained that the solar light transmittance mainly refers to the transmittance within the spectral range of 0.3μm to 2.5μm, and the infrared radiation transmittance mainly refers to the transmittance within the spectral range of 8μm to 13μm.

[0026] In some specific embodiments, the thickness of the heat insulating layer 300 is greater than the thickness of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, and also greater than the thickness of the hydrogel layer 200. The heat insulating layer 300 is thicker, which improves the heat insulating effect and reduces the energy consumption of the greenhouse; the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is set as thin as possible to reduce the overall thickness of the film material while ensuring its function.

[0027] The two surfaces of the membrane material are the inner surface and the outer surface. When the membrane material is in use, the surface close to the inside of the greenhouse is the inner surface, and the surface close to the outside of the greenhouse is the outer surface. In the membrane material, the positions of the hydrogel layer 200, the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 and the heat insulation layer 300 can be changed arbitrarily, refer to Figures 1 to 5 shown.

[0028] Sunlight directly passes through the film material from the external environment into the interior of the greenhouse. The main factor affecting the transmission of sunlight is the sunlight transmittance of the film material. The sunlight transmittance of the film material can be calculated through the sunlight transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200, the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 and the thermal insulation layer 300. It is not affected by the relative positions of the three, and the positions of the three can be flexibly set. It should be noted that the hydrogel layer 200 should be avoided from being set on the outermost side of the film material. The outermost side of the film material is close to the external environment. Changes in the external environment will affect the structure of the hydrogel layer 200, causing the water content of the hydrogel layer 200 to decrease and the structure to be damaged. In some embodiments, if the hydrogel layer 200 needs to be set on the outermost side of the film material, an additional protective structure needs to be set to protect the hydrogel layer 200 and maintain the moisture content of the hydrogel layer 200, maintain the integrity of the structure of the hydrogel layer 200, and enable the hydrogel layer 200 to perform its function normally.

[0029] The infrared spectrum selective layer 100 emits infrared radiation toward outer space, and exchanges heat with outer space to achieve cooling. The infrared radiation emissivity of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is related to its material itself. However, depending on the specific position of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 in the film material, the infrared radiation transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200 and the thermal insulation layer 300 will affect the infrared radiation of the entire film material.

[0030] For example, if the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is located on the outermost side of the film material, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the infrared radiation emitted by the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 does not pass through the hydrogel layer 200 and the thermal insulation layer 300, and the hydrogel layer 200 and the thermal insulation layer 300 will not affect the infrared radiation emitted by the infrared spectrum selective layer 100. If the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is arranged close to the inner surface of the film material, the infrared radiation emitted by the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 needs to pass through the hydrogel layer 200 and / or the thermal insulation layer 300, and the hydrogel layer 200 and the thermal insulation layer 300 will affect the infrared radiation of the entire film material.

[0031] In some preferred embodiments of the present application, the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is arranged close to the inner surface of the heat insulation layer 300. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is arranged on the inner side, which can improve the radiation cooling effect of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 .

[0032] The radiation cooling effect of the film material is achieved based on the infrared radiation emission of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100. Therefore, the radiation cooling directly dissipates the heat of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, directly reduces the temperature of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, and indirectly changes the overall temperature and energy consumption inside the greenhouse.

[0033] After the heat inside the greenhouse is transferred to the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, it is dissipated by radiation cooling of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, thereby reducing the temperature. The infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is arranged on the inner side of the film material relative to the heat insulation layer 300, and the heat transfer from the inside of the greenhouse to the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is less hindered. The infrared spectrum selective layer 100 has a stronger effect on the heat dissipation inside the greenhouse. The infrared spectrum selective layer 100 has a better radiation cooling effect. In hot seasons, the temperature control ability inside the greenhouse is stronger, which can further reduce the energy required for cooling the inside of the greenhouse and save energy.

[0034] If the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is arranged on the outside of the membrane material relative to the thermal insulation layer 300, due to the high thermal resistance of the thermal insulation layer 300, the heat conduction from the inside of the greenhouse to the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is greatly hindered, resulting in less heat conducted from the inside of the greenhouse to the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, which in turn reduces the infrared radiation cooling effect of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100.

[0035] Therefore, even if the thermal insulation layer 300 is arranged on the outside of the film material relative to the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, the thermal insulation layer 300 will hinder the infrared radiation emitted by the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, but because the infrared radiation transmittance of the thermal insulation layer 300 is greater than or equal to 90%, the infrared radiation can smoothly pass through the thermal insulation layer 300, and the thermal insulation layer 300 has little effect on the cooling effect of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100; at the same time, because the thermal insulation layer 300 is located on the outside of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, it will not affect the heat transfer between the inside of the greenhouse and the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, and can effectively improve the cooling effect of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 on the inside of the greenhouse.

[0036] In some preferred embodiments of the present application, the hydrogel layer 200 is arranged close to the inner surface of the thermal insulation layer 300. Avoid placing the hydrogel layer 200 on the outermost side of the membrane material. Figures 1 to 4 As shown. Further preferably, the hydrogel layer 200 is disposed close to the inner surface of the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, referring to Figure 1 Compared with the heat insulation layer 300, the thermal resistance of the hydrogel layer 200 is smaller. Therefore, even if the hydrogel layer 200 is located on the inner side of the membrane material relative to the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, the effect of the hydrogel layer 200 on the heat transfer between the inside of the greenhouse and the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is small and even negligible. In addition, the hydrogel layer 200 is not in the propagation path of the infrared radiation and will not affect the regulation of the infrared radiation emissivity by the infrared spectrum selective layer 100.

[0037] The heat insulation layer 300 needs to meet the requirements of sunlight transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance. In some embodiments of the present application, the materials used in the heat insulation layer 300 are sunlight transmittance materials and infrared transmittance materials. Sunlight transmittance materials refer to materials with high transmittance in the 0.3μm to 2.5μm band in the air. The heat insulation layer 300 has low absorption and reflection of solar radiation in the 0.3μm to 2.5μm range of the solar spectrum. Infrared transmittance materials refer to materials with high transmittance in the 8μm to 13μm band in the air.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present application, the thermal insulation layer 300 is made of aerogel material. Specifically, the thermal insulation layer 300 can be made of one or more of barium fluoride aerogel, calcium fluoride aerogel, polyethylene aerogel, and zinc sulfide aerogel.

[0039] The above-mentioned aerogel material is a porous structure with the characteristics of high porosity, low density and low thermal conductivity. There is a large amount of air in the material, and the air has an extremely low thermal conductivity, which can isolate the heat exchange of the surrounding environment of the greenhouse, reduce the interference of the external environment on the temperature inside the greenhouse, and ensure the reduction of the loss caused by parasitic heat gain.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present application, the volume fraction of the aerogel material used in the thermal insulation layer 300 is between 1% and 10%, the particle diameter is between 10nm and 50nm, and the thickness of the thermal insulation layer 300 is between 0.5mm and 10mm.

[0041] Exemplary, reference Figures 6 to 14 As shown in the figure, it shows the changing trend of solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of different types of aerogel materials under different volume fractions, particle diameters and thicknesses. Among them, the legend solar spectrum (0.3~2.5μm) represents solar transmittance, and the legend "atmospheric transmission window" (8~13μm) represents infrared radiation transmittance.

[0042] refer to Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the data change trend of the solar light transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel is shown.

[0043] Figure 6 In the figure, it shows the change of solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel with the increase of particle diameter when the overall thickness is 0.5mm and the volume fraction is 1%. When the particle diameter of barium fluoride aerogel is less than 50nm, the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel can be greater than 90%. In the case of actually selecting barium fluoride aerogel, the particle diameter of barium fluoride aerogel needs to be less than 50nm to avoid the particle diameter being too large to affect the infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel.

[0044] Figure 7 In the figure, it is shown that the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel change with the increase of volume fraction when the overall thickness is 0.5mm and the particle diameter is 10nm. When the volume fraction is less than 10%, the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel can be greater than 95%, and the change of particle diameter of barium fluoride aerogel has little effect on its solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance.

[0045] Figure 8In the figure, the solar transmittance and infrared transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel change with increasing thickness when the volume fraction is 1% and the particle diameter is 10nm. The change in the thickness of barium fluoride aerogel has little effect on its solar transmittance and infrared transmittance, and both the solar transmittance and infrared transmittance can be greater than 95%.

[0046] refer to Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the data change trend of the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogel is shown.

[0047] Fig. 9 In the figure, it shows the change of solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogel with the increase of particle diameter when the overall thickness is 0.5mm and the volume fraction is 1%. When the particle diameter of polyethylene aerogel is less than 50nm, the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogel can be greater than 90%. In the case of actually selecting polyethylene aerogel, the particle diameter of polyethylene aerogel needs to be less than 50nm to avoid the particle diameter being too large to affect the infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogel.

[0048] Fig.10 In the figure, it shows the change of solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogel with the increase of volume fraction when the overall thickness is 0.5mm and the particle diameter is 10nm. When the volume fraction is less than 10%, the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogel can be greater than 90%, and the change of particle diameter of polyethylene aerogel has little effect on its solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance.

[0049] Fig.11 In the figure, the change of solar light transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogel with increasing thickness is shown when the volume fraction is 1% and the particle diameter is 10nm. The solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance gradually decrease with the increase of thickness, and both the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance can be greater than 90%.

[0050] refer to Figure 12 to Figure 14 As shown, the data change trend of the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel is shown.

[0051] Fig.12In the figure, it shows the change of solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel with the increase of particle diameter when the overall thickness is 0.5mm and the volume fraction is 1%. When the particle diameter of zinc sulfide aerogel is less than 50nm, the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel can be greater than 90%. In the case of actual selection of zinc sulfide aerogel, the particle diameter of zinc sulfide aerogel needs to be less than 50nm to avoid the particle diameter being too large to affect the infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel.

[0052] Fig.13 In the figure, it is shown that the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel change with the increase of volume fraction when the overall thickness is 0.5mm and the particle diameter is 10nm. When the volume fraction is less than 10%, the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel can be greater than 90%, and the change of the particle diameter of zinc sulfide aerogel has little effect on its solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance.

[0053] Fig.14 In the figure, it shows the change of solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel with increasing thickness when the volume fraction is 1% and the particle diameter is 10nm. When the thickness of zinc sulfide aerogel is between 0.5mm and 5mm, the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel are greater than 90%, which can meet the requirements of this application.

[0054] The thicker the heat insulation layer 300 is, the better the heat insulation effect is. However, correspondingly, the solar light transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of the heat insulation layer 300 will be reduced.

[0055] The spectral range of solar radiation regulated by the hydrogel layer 200 provided in the embodiment of the present application is 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm. The hydrogel layer 200 is made of thermotropic material, and the solar light transmittance changes with the ambient temperature to regulate the solar light energy obtained by the greenhouse in different seasons. The material for making the hydrogel layer 200 is N-isopropylacrylamide.

[0056] In hot seasons, the hydrogel layer 200 can be transformed into a translucent state, and the light transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200 is about 40% to 60%, which ensures that the plants produce sunlight while preventing the temperature in the greenhouse from rising due to light. In cold seasons, the hydrogel layer 200 is transformed into a transparent state, and the light transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200 is greater than or equal to 90%, which fully ensures the sunlight demand for plant growth and maximizes the temperature in the greenhouse.

[0057] The volume fraction of the hydrogel layer 200 is between 20% and 30%, the diameter of the hydrogel particles in the hydrogel layer 200 is between 0.1 μm and 1 μm, and the thickness of the hydrogel layer 200 is between 0.1 mm and 1 mm. In the specific implementation process, the volume fraction, thickness and diameter of the hydrogel particles of the hydrogel layer 200 can be adjusted according to actual requirements, so as to adjust the solar transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200.

[0058] The infrared spectrum selective layer 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a substrate and a metal nano coating. The substrate material is a transparent material to ensure light transmittance, and the material of the substrate can be one or more of a thermoplastic polyester polymer, a polycarbonate polymer, a polydimethylsiloxane polymer or a polymethyl methacrylate polymer. The metal nano coating can be a silver nanowire coating.

[0059] In hot seasons, the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 is in a released state, with an infrared radiation emissivity greater than 90%, which has a good cooling effect on the inside of the greenhouse. In cold seasons, it is in a stretched state, with an infrared radiation emissivity less than 40%, which reduces the cooling effect.

[0060] The membrane material provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes a protective layer 400, which is located outside the membrane material relative to the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, the hydrogel layer 200 and the heat insulation layer 300. Figure 5 As shown. The protective layer 400 can protect the other three from being damaged by bad weather such as wind, sand, rain and snow, and prevent the growth of crops from being adversely affected. The material used for the protective layer 400 can be selected from one or more of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) greenhouse film, polyethylene (PE) greenhouse film and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).

[0061] In other embodiments, reference Figure 5 As shown, a protective layer 500 can be provided on the inner side of the membrane material according to actual needs. The protective layer 500 is located on the inner side of the membrane material relative to the infrared spectrum selective layer 100, the hydrogel layer 200 and the thermal insulation layer 300. The material of the protective layer 500 can be the same as that of the protective layer 400.

[0062] An embodiment of the present application also provides a full-season greenhouse planting device, including the greenhouse film material provided by any of the above embodiments.

[0063] The membrane material can be prefabricated as an integrated structure and directly covered on the greenhouse frame; or the multi-layer structure of the membrane material can be laid on the greenhouse frame in sequence. The hydrogel layer 200, the porous heat insulation layer 300 and the infrared spectrum selective layer 100 are connected by adhesives or bolts.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seasonal greenhouse film material, characterized in that: It comprises an infrared spectrum selective layer (100), a hydrogel layer (200) and a heat insulation layer (300) which are overlapped; The infrared spectral selective layer (100) is used to emit infrared radiation to the environment, the infrared radiation emissivity of the infrared spectral selective layer (100) is proportional to the ambient temperature, and the solar light transmittance of the infrared spectral selective layer (100) is greater than or equal to 90%; the hydrogel layer (200) is used to transmit sunlight, the solar light transmittance of the hydrogel layer (200) is inversely proportional to the ambient temperature, and the infrared radiation transmittance of the hydrogel layer (200) is greater than or equal to 90%; the heat insulation layer (300) is used to isolate heat, the solar light transmittance of the heat insulation layer (300) is greater than or equal to 90%, and the infrared radiation transmittance of the heat insulation layer (300) is greater than or equal to 90%.

2. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two surfaces of the film material are respectively a usable inner surface and a usable outer surface, and the infrared spectrum selective layer (100) is arranged close to the usable inner surface relative to the heat insulation layer (300).

3. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogel layer (200) is arranged relative to the heat insulation layer (300) and close to the inner surface for use.

4. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hydrogel layer (200) is arranged close to the inner surface for use relative to the infrared spectrum selective layer (100).

5. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal insulation layer (300) is made of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of barium fluoride aerogel, calcium fluoride aerogel, polyethylene aerogel, and zinc sulfide aerogel.

6. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The volume fraction of the material used to make the thermal insulation layer (300) is between 1% and 10%, the particle diameter is between 10nm and 50nm, and the thickness of the thermal insulation layer (300) is between 0.5mm and 10mm.

7. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogel layer (200) is made of N-isopropylacrylamide, the volume fraction of the hydrogel layer (200) is between 20% and 30%, the diameter of the hydrogel particles in the hydrogel layer (200) is between 0.1 μm and 1 μm, and the thickness of the hydrogel layer (200) is between 0.1 mm and 1 mm.

8. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infrared spectrum selective layer (100) comprises a substrate and a metal nano-coating, wherein the substrate is made of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyester polymers, polycarbonate polymers, polydimethylsiloxane polymers and polymethyl methacrylate polymers.

9. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The membrane material further comprises a protective layer (400), wherein the protective layer (400) is located outside the infrared spectrum selective layer (100), the hydrogel layer (200), and the heat insulation layer (300).

10. A seasonal greenhouse planting device, characterized in that: Including the greenhouse film material according to any one of claims 1-9.

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