Preparation formula and application method of one-time basal application watermelon slow-mixing fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a one-time basal application watermelon slow mixed fertilizer preparation formula and an application method thereof, i.e., every 100 kg of watermelon slow mixed fertilizer is prepared from the following components by weight: 25-40 kg of sulfur coated compound fertilizer, 30-35 kg of 40-day resin coated urea and 30-45 kg of 40-day resin coated potassium sulfate; the problems of unbalanced nutrient supply and demand, low nutrient utilization rate, high labor cost, serious environmental pollution and the like caused by one-time base fertilizer and multiple-time topdressing of watermelons in the prior art are solved through an application mode of side deep strip application, ditching strip application at a position 10 cm away from a transplanting row, the application depth of 4-6 cm and arrangement of a drip irrigation belt right above a strip application ditch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a one-time base application watermelon slow-mix fertilizer preparation formula and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The watermelon industry is a typical facility agriculture in our province and an important means to promote farmers' income growth, agricultural development, and rural revitalization. As of 2020, the province's watermelon planting area exceeded 1.6 million mu, and the output exceeded 5 million tons, ranking third in the country. In recent years, farmers have been pursuing high yields of watermelons, abusing chemical fertilizers and applying chemical fertilizers in a biased manner in production, and have not rationally allocated fertilizers according to the characteristics of watermelon fertilizer requirements, resulting in soil acidification, decreased fertility, and low fertilizer utilization, which in turn affects the yield and quality of watermelons. The survey found that in the process of watermelon production, many farmers adopted a "one-shot" fertilization method, with excessive nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, resulting in excessive growth of branches and leaves, low fruit setting rate, late fruit setting, and easy fruit cracking. The fertilizer requirement of watermelons in the fruiting period accounts for 75% of the total fertilizer requirement. At this time, nutrients, especially potassium fertilizers, are exhausted, which seriously affects the sugar accumulation of watermelons, causing the quality of watermelons to decline and the benefits to decrease.

[0003] In recent years, slow and controlled release fertilizers (SCRF) have attracted much attention because of their safer, more economical and more effective application methods. Slow and controlled release fertilizers can control the release rate and concentration according to the nutrient needs of plants, so that nutrients in the soil can be maintained for a longer period of time. According to research, the nitrogen release of conventional fertilizers lasts for about 30-60 days, which means that during the 100-120 days of the watermelon growth period, fertilizers should be applied 2-3 times, while slow and controlled release fertilizers have the characteristics of simple and easy fertilization and precise fertilizer supply throughout the whole process (see attached). Figure 1 ), eliminating the tediousness of applying fertilizers multiple times, reducing production costs and alleviating environmental harm.

[0004] Compared with other crops, slow-release fertilizers are relatively rarely used on watermelons. In addition, watermelons require large amounts of fertilizer and potassium fertilizers in the later stages of their growth. Ordinary slow-release fertilizers are difficult to meet the growth needs of watermelons. Therefore, it is necessary to develop special slow-release fertilizers for watermelons and conduct research on the application effects of slow-release fertilizers in the field. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] The invention provides a one-time base fertilizer for watermelon slow-mix fertilizer preparation formula and an application method thereof, which solve the problems of nutrient supply and demand imbalance, low nutrient utilization rate, high labor cost, serious environmental pollution, etc. caused by the existing one-time base fertilizer and multiple topdressing for watermelon.

[0007] (II) Technical solutions adopted

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A one-time basal application watermelon slow-mix fertilizer formulation, the formulation is composed of sulfur-coated fertilizer and resin-coated fertilizer, wherein the nutrient release characteristics of the sulfur-coated fertilizer are: fast release in the early stage, insufficient release in the middle and late stages, and the nutrient release characteristics of the resin-coated fertilizer are: slow release in the early stage, steady release in the middle and late stages. The nutrient release rates of each component are shown in the attached Figure 2 Every 100 kg of the watermelon slow-mix fertilizer is composed of the following components by weight: 25-40 kg of sulfur-coated compound fertilizer, 30-35 kg of 40-day resin-coated urea, and 30-45 kg of 40-day resin-coated potassium sulfate.

[0010] As a further optimization of this scheme, the mass fraction percentages of the main nutrients of the sulfur-coated compound fertilizer, 40-day resin-coated urea and 40-day resin-coated potassium sulfate are as follows:

[0011]

[0012] (III) Beneficial effects

[0013] The present invention provides a one-time base application watermelon slow mixing fertilizer preparation formula and an application method thereof, which has the following characteristics:

[0014] Beneficial effects:

[0015] The watermelon slow-mixing fertilizer prepared by the present invention has a scientific and reasonable formula, which can not only reduce the number of fertilization times and greatly save labor costs, but also reduce the amount of fertilizer used, and ensure the yield of watermelon, improve the quality of watermelon, improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, and reduce environmental pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings;

[0017] Figure 1 Nutrient release curves for traditional fertilization and slow-release fertilizers;

[0018] Figure 2 is the nutrient release rate of each component; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed, except mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any manner.

[0020] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any additional claims and abstract), unless otherwise stated, may be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features having similar purposes. That is, unless otherwise stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0021] Example

[0022] A one-time basal application watermelon slow-mix fertilizer preparation formula, wherein every 100 kg of the watermelon slow-mix fertilizer is composed of the following components by weight: 25-40 kg of sulfur-coated compound fertilizer, 30-35 kg of 40-day resin-coated urea, and 30-45 kg of 40-day resin-coated potassium sulfate.

[0023] As a further optimization of this scheme, the mass fraction percentages of the main nutrients of the sulfur-coated compound fertilizer, 40-day resin-coated urea and 40-day resin-coated potassium sulfate are as follows:

[0024]

[0025] The nutrient absorption ratios of medium-sized watermelons in the seedling stage, vine extension stage, fruit setting stage, melon swelling stage, and maturity stage are 0.1-0.2%, 8.8-10.4%, 16.1-18.2%, 68.4-72.3%, and 1.4-5.3%, respectively. The absorption ratios of N, P2O5, and K2O in each period are 1:0.32:0.87, 1:0.33:1.39, 1:0.38:1.43, 1:0.41:1.92, and 1:0.4:1.94, respectively. Based on this fertilizer absorption rule, fertilizers are formulated through the following scheme:

[0026] In every 100kg of compound fertilizer, sulfur-coated compound fertilizer, 40-day resin-coated urea, and 40-day resin-coated potassium sulfate are divided into five groups. The mass of each component is as follows:

[0027] Matching group 1:

[0028] Raw material name Mass kg Sulfur coated compound fertilizer 25 40 days resin coated urea 30 40 days resin coated potassium sulfate 45

[0029] Combination 2:

[0030] Raw material name Mass kg Sulfur coated compound fertilizer 28 40 days resin coated urea 30 40 days resin coated potassium sulfate 42

[0031] Combination three:

[0032] Raw material name Mass kg Sulfur coated compound fertilizer 32 40 days resin coated urea 30 40 days resin coated potassium sulfate 38

[0033] Combination four:

[0034] Raw material name Mass kg Sulfur coated compound fertilizer 38 40 days resin coated urea 30 40 days resin coated potassium sulfate 32

[0035] Combination five:

[0036] Raw material name Mass kg Sulfur coated compound fertilizer 40 40 days resin coated urea 30 40 days resin coated potassium sulfate 30

[0037] This slow-mix fertilizer is suitable for early spring cultivation of greenhouse watermelons. It can be applied at 80% of the local conventional fertilizer application rate to increase the yield and quality of watermelons, improve fertilizer utilization, and reduce environmental pollution. The application method is side deep strip application, with a furrow 10 cm away from the transplanting row, a fertilizer application depth of 4-6 cm, and the drip irrigation belt placed just above the strip application furrow.

[0038] test:

[0039] Conduct the test according to the raw material formula of group 1 to group 5;

[0040] In the spring of 2022, the applicant conducted field trials at the watermelon planting base in Yangbei Street, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, using the medium-fruit watermelon variety Meiduo as the test material. A total of 7 treatments were set up, including 1 local conventional fertilization treatment (a total of 50 kg of quick-acting pure nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were applied per mu, 15-15-15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer purchased from Yara International N.V. of Norway, divided into two equal amounts of base fertilizer and melon-swelling fertilizer, and the fertilization method was broadcasting on the bed surface), 5 were the above-mentioned slow-release fertilizer combination treatments (the fertilizer amount was 80% of conventional fertilization, that is, a total of 40 kg of pure nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were applied per mu, and the fertilization method was deep side strip application), and 1 blank control with no fertilization.

[0041] Sample collection and measurement: The whole growth period of watermelon is divided into seedling stage, vine extension stage, fruit setting stage, fruit expansion stage and maturity stage. At the end of each stage, three representative plants are collected, and the roots, stems, leaves and fruits are divided. The fresh weight is weighed, and then the plants are sterilized at 105℃ for 30 minutes, and then dried at 80℃ to constant weight, and the dry weight is measured. At the maturity stage, the total yield is calculated by plot, and three representative fruits with the same maturity are selected to measure the quality.

[0042] Plant sample analysis: The total nitrogen and potassium contents of different organs of the plant and the sugar content in the center of fresh watermelon fruit were analyzed and determined. The concentrated H2SO4-H2O2 digestion was used, and the total nitrogen content was determined by flow analyzer (AA3), the total potassium content was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and the center sugar content was determined by digital handheld refractometer (ATAGO PAL-1).

[0043] Calculation formula:

[0044] Nutrient absorption (kg / mu) = dry matter mass (kg / mu) × nutrient content (g / kg) / 1000

[0045] Nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate = (nitrogen absorption of crops in nitrogen treatment - nitrogen absorption of crops in non-nitrogen treatment) / fertilizer nitrogen input

[0046] Table 3 Effects of slow-mix fertilizer on watermelon yield and fertilizer utilization rate

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] The test results are shown in Table 3. Compared with conventional fertilization, under the premise of reducing the amount of fertilizer, the five slow-mixed fertilizer combinations can increase watermelon yield, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer absorption and utilization rate. Among them, combination three fertilizer application effect is the best. Compared with conventional fertilization, combination three yield increased by 27.2%, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer utilization rates increased by 265.9% and 139.2% respectively, and central sugar content increased by 8.8%.

[0050] The sulfur-coated compound fertilizer (Jiangsu Hanfeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) in Group 3 has a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mass percentage of 18%. The 40-day resin-coated urea (Anhui Maoshi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) has a nitrogen mass percentage of 44%, and the nutrient release peak is 40 days after fertilization. The 40-day resin-coated potassium sulfate (Anhui Maoshi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) has a potassium mass percentage of 51%. The nutrient content of the one-time base application slow-mixed fertilizer for watermelon is N: P2O5: K2O = 19: 6: 25.

[0051] Taking all the above indicators into consideration, the one-time application of watermelon slow-mix fertilizer not only reduces the number of fertilizations, greatly saves labor costs, and reduces the amount of fertilizer used, but also ensures the yield of watermelon, improves the quality of watermelon, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, and reduces environmental pollution.

[0052] The basic teachings of the present invention have been described, and many extensions and variations will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art. Since the invention disclosed in the specification may be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or general characteristics of the invention, and some of these specific forms have been pointed out, the embodiments disclosed in the specification should be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, rather than by the above description, and all changes in the equivalent meaning and scope that fall within the claims are still included within their scope.

Claims

1. A one-time basal application watermelon slow-mix fertilizer preparation formula, characterized in that: Every 100 kg of the watermelon slow-mix fertilizer is composed of the following components by weight: 25-40 kg of sulfur-coated compound fertilizer, 30-35 kg of 40-day resin-coated urea, and 30-45 kg of 40-day resin-coated potassium sulfate.

2. A one-time base application watermelon slow-mix fertilizer formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fraction percentages of the main nutrients of the sulfur-coated compound fertilizer, 40-day resin-coated urea and 40-day resin-coated potassium sulfate are as follows:

3. A one-time base application watermelon slow mixing fertilizer formula according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for applying the watermelon slow-mix fertilizer is: deep side strip application, open a furrow 10 cm away from the transplanting row for strip application, the fertilizer application depth is 4-6 cm, and the drip irrigation belt is placed just above the strip application furrow.

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