High dam navigation ship lock grading overall arrangement structure and water conveying method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high dam navigation ship lock grading integral arrangement structure which comprises continuous multiple levels of ship locks, navigation channels communicated with the ship locks are arranged between every two adjacent levels of ship locks, a water-saving pool is arranged on one side of each level of ship lock, and connecting culverts communicated with the ship locks and the corresponding water-saving pools are arranged between the ship locks and the corresponding water-saving pools. A lock chamber valve and a water pool valve are arranged on the sides, corresponding to the ship lock and the water-saving pool, of the connecting culverts respectively, a water conveying culvert communicated with the connecting culverts is arranged between every two adjacent levels of connecting culverts, a water conveying valve is arranged in each water conveying culvert, and the connecting culvert located at the first level is connected with a water filling culvert communicated with an upstream reservoir. A water filling valve is arranged in the water filling culvert, the connecting culvert located at the last stage is connected with a drainage culvert communicated with a downstream channel, and a drainage valve is arranged in the drainage culvert. The invention further discloses a water conveying method using the structure, the water conveying culvert and the navigation channel are independent systems, and the water conveying process has no influence on the navigation channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water-saving ship lock water delivery system, and in particular to a hierarchical overall arrangement structure of a high-dam navigation ship lock and a water delivery method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of my country's economy, inland waterway shipping accounts for an increasingly larger proportion in transportation. In the process of inland waterway navigation, navigation buildings are indispensable. Ship locks are a type of navigation building and a water transportation hub. Due to the regulation of flow, channelized navigation, and the limitations of terrain conditions and water surface slope on the canal, the river must have a stepped longitudinal section, forming a concentrated water surface drop, so special navigation buildings must be used to allow ships to pass through the drop. The most commonly used modern navigation building is the ship lock. The lock chamber is a box-shaped chamber for mooring ships. The water level in the lock chamber is adjusted by filling or draining water in the chamber, so that the ship can be vertically raised and lowered between the upstream and downstream water levels, thereby passing through the concentrated waterway water level drop.

[0003] A water-saving ship lock is a ship lock system designed to reduce water waste. It can effectively reduce the amount of water used when ships pass through. It is especially suitable for areas with limited water resources or waterways with high frequency of use. Traditional ship locks need to discharge and replenish a large amount of water each time the water level is raised or lowered. The core design purpose of the water-saving ship lock is to reduce the loss of this water and effectively save freshwater resources, especially in areas where freshwater resources are scarce, to reduce the fluctuation of water volume in upstream reservoirs or rivers and maintain the stability of water bodies. At the same time, with the intensification of global water resource pressure, the application of water-saving ship locks in modern water conservancy projects helps to improve the sustainability of waterways and ship locks. By reducing the waste of water resources, water-saving ship locks can support more frequent ship passages without affecting the water supply capacity, thereby ensuring the long-term and stable operation of the shipping system and reducing the impact on the environment during the water resource scheduling process. Although the construction and operation of water-saving ship locks may have higher investment costs in the early stage, in the long run, the saved water resources and higher operating efficiency will bring significant economic benefits, reduce water supply costs, improve navigation efficiency and extend the life of ship locks.

[0004] CN202310879033.7 A method for designing water-saving ship locks that is suitable for the decentralized layout of river hubs in mountainous areas, arranging a certain number of open water-saving tanks; determining the number of water-saving tanks; designing the cross-section of the water-saving tanks to be trapezoidal, wherein the slope of the hypotenuse on the shore side of the trapezoid is consistent with the side slope of the mountain on the shore; when determining the elevation of the water-saving tank, determining that the elevation of the side wall of the trapezoidal cross-section water-saving tank is higher than the highest water level in the tank; setting corridors at the bottom of each level of water-saving tanks to connect with the lock chamber. Due to the high requirements on the terrain during construction, it is not applicable to the construction of many water-saving ship locks.

[0005] CN201320242247.5 provides a water-saving arrangement structure of a parallel double-line giant ship lock water delivery system, two ship locks arranged in parallel, the bottom of the lock chamber of the ship lock is provided with a longitudinal water delivery corridor, the upstream and downstream of the longitudinal water delivery corridor are respectively provided with water inlets and water outlets to communicate with the upstream and downstream pilot channels, the middle of the longitudinal water delivery corridors of the two lock chambers are connected by two transverse connecting corridors, and valves are provided on the transverse connecting corridors to control the connection and disconnection between the two longitudinal water delivery corridors. The main purpose is to reduce the working head of each stage to improve the operating conditions of the water delivery valve and the water flow conditions of the lock chamber and the pilot channel. However, for the situation where the multi-stage ship locks are far apart, the water delivery corridor can be further optimized, and there is still room for improvement in improving the navigation conditions.

[0006] CN201610369320.3 adopts the method of connecting the lock chambers of the same level in different lines of double-line multi-stage ship locks to solve the problem of saving water for all double-line multi-stage one-way ship locks of different levels. However, the interconnected lock chambers have a certain impact on the navigation conditions, and the operating conditions are relatively complicated.

[0007] At present, the construction of water-saving ship locks in my country mostly adopts the scheme of building energy dissipation pools connected to the lock chambers, and controlling the navigation conditions by controlling the relevant water transfer channels. However, there is still room for improvement in the improvement of navigation conditions. Therefore, how to provide a water transfer ship lock layout structure that can improve navigation efficiency and improve navigation conditions requires further consideration. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a hierarchical overall layout structure of a high-dam navigation lock that can achieve the purpose of saving water without affecting the filling and discharging process of the lock, and at the same time can improve the navigation efficiency and improve the navigation conditions.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A hierarchical overall arrangement structure of navigation locks at a high dam comprises continuous multi-stage locks, wherein a navigation channel connected to the locks is arranged between two adjacent stages, a water-saving tank is arranged in parallel with the locks on one side, a connecting culvert connected to the locks and the corresponding water-saving tanks is arranged between the locks, a lock chamber valve and a tank valve are arranged on one side of the connecting culvert corresponding to the locks and the water-saving tanks, a water transfer culvert connected to the locks and the water-saving tanks is arranged between the two adjacent stages, a water transfer culvert is arranged between the two adjacent stages, a water transfer valve is arranged in the water transfer culvert, the connecting culvert located at the first stage is connected to a water filling culvert connected to an upstream reservoir, the water filling valve is arranged in the water filling culvert, the connecting culvert located at the last stage is connected to a water discharge culvert connected to a downstream waterway, the water discharge valve is arranged in the water discharge culvert, and the connection between the water transfer culvert and the connecting culvert, the connection between the water filling culvert and the connecting culvert, and the connection between the water discharge culvert and the connecting culvert are respectively located between the corresponding lock chamber valve and the tank valve.

[0010] As an optimization, the filling culvert is extended away from one end of the corresponding connecting culvert to be provided with at least two front branch culverts respectively connected to the upstream reservoir, and the discharge culvert is extended away from one end of the corresponding connecting culvert to be provided with at least two rear branch culverts respectively connected to the downstream waterway, the filling valve is installed in the front branch culvert, the discharge valve is installed in the rear branch culvert, the water flow area of ​​the filling culvert is larger than twice the water flow area of ​​the front branch culvert, and the water flow area of ​​the discharge culvert is larger than twice the water flow area of ​​the rear branch culvert.

[0011] As an optimization, the water delivery valve includes a front valve and a rear valve. The front valve is installed close to the upper level of the connecting culvert, and the rear valve is installed close to the lower level of the connecting culvert. An emergency valve is installed in the water delivery culvert and in front of the rear valve. A connecting shaft is provided on one side of the water delivery culvert and close to the position of the emergency valve. The connecting shaft is connected to the water delivery culvert in front of the emergency valve. A connecting shaft is provided near the downstream of the water delivery culvert, and an emergency valve is added. In an emergency condition, the water delivery process can be cut off by quickly starting the emergency valve to protect the working valve. At the same time, the connecting shaft is used to release pressure to protect the safety of the water delivery culvert and reduce the water hammer effect.

[0012] As an optimization, the size of the water saving tank is consistent with the size of the lock.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a method for conveying water using the above-mentioned high-dam navigation lock hierarchical overall arrangement structure. When conveying water from an upper-level lock to a lower-level lock, a water filling valve and a lock chamber valve of an upper level are opened to complete water filling from upstream to an upper-level lock, and then the water filling valve is closed, and the water tank valve of an upper level is opened to discharge water from the upper-level lock to an upper-level water-saving tank to the same water level, and then the water tank valve of an upper level is closed, and the water transfer valve and the water tank valve of a lower level are opened to discharge water from the upper-level lock to an upper-level water-saving tank to the same water level, and then the water transfer valve is closed, and the lock chamber valve of a lower level is opened to discharge water from the upper-level lock to an lower-level water-saving tank to the same water level, and then the water transfer valve is closed, and the lock chamber valve of a lower level is opened to discharge water from the lower-level water-saving tank to the lower-level lock to the same water level, and then the water tank valve of the lower level is closed, and the water transfer valve and the water tank valve of an upper level are opened to discharge water from the upper-level water-saving tank to the lower-level lock to the same water level, and then the water transfer valve, the water tank valve of an upper level and the lock chamber valve of a lower level are closed, and the above operation is repeated until water transfer between all consecutive locks is completed.

[0014] As an optimization, after completing the water transfer from the upper-level ship lock to the lower-level ship lock, if the operating head of the upper-level ship lock is higher than that of the lower-level ship lock, the upper-level pool valve, water transfer valve and lower-level pool valve are opened to discharge water from the upper-level provincial water pool to the lower-level provincial water pool, and then the upper-level pool valve and water transfer valve are closed, and the lower-level provincial water pool discharges water downstream, and the lower-level pool valve is closed; if the operating head of the upper-level ship lock is lower than that of the lower-level ship lock, the upper-level pool valve, water transfer valve and lower-level pool valve are opened to discharge water from the upper-level provincial water pool to the lower-level provincial water pool, and the water transfer valve and lower-level pool valve are closed. The upper-level pool valve is then replenished with water upstream and then the upper-level pool valve is closed.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the ship lock of the present invention transfers water to the next level ship lock through the water transfer culvert. The water transfer culvert and the navigable waterway are independent systems. The water transfer process has no impact on the navigable waterway and does not affect the navigation conditions. At the same time, the overflow process of the water transfer control method is basically independent of the ship lock filling and discharge process, which has little impact on the operation efficiency of the ship lock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a theoretical analysis diagram of the ship lock overflow control process in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or position relationship in which the invention product is usually placed when used, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", etc. do not mean that the components are absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0019] like Figure 1As shown, a hierarchical overall arrangement structure of a high dam navigation lock in this specific embodiment comprises a continuous multi-stage lock 1, a navigable channel 2 respectively connected to the locks is arranged between two adjacent stages of the locks 1, a water-saving tank 3 is arranged in parallel with the locks on one side of each stage of the locks 1, a connecting culvert 4 respectively connected to the locks 1 and the corresponding water-saving tank 3 is arranged between each stage of the locks 1, a lock chamber valve 5 and a tank valve 6 are arranged on one side of the connecting culvert 4 corresponding to the lock 1 and the water-saving tank 3, and a culvert 4 respectively connected to the locks 1 and the water-saving tank 3 is arranged between the two adjacent stages of the connecting culvert 4. A water conveyance culvert 13 is provided with a water conveyance valve in the water conveyance culvert 13. The connecting culvert 4 at the first level is connected to a water filling culvert connected to an upstream reservoir, and a water filling valve 7 is provided in the water filling culvert. The connecting culvert 4 at the last level is connected to a discharge culvert connected to a downstream waterway, and a discharge valve 8 is provided in the discharge culvert. The connection between the water conveyance culvert 13 and the connecting culvert 4, the connection between the water filling culvert and the connecting culvert 4, and the connection between the discharge culvert and the connecting culvert 4 are respectively located between the corresponding gate chamber valve 5 and the pool valve 6.

[0020] In this specific embodiment, the water-filling culvert is extended away from one end of the corresponding connecting culvert 4 and is provided with at least two front branch culverts 9 respectively connected to the upstream reservoir, and the discharge culvert is extended away from one end of the corresponding connecting culvert 4 and is provided with at least two rear branch culverts 10 respectively connected to the downstream waterway. The water-filling valve 7 is installed in the front branch culvert 9, and the discharge valve 8 is installed in the rear branch culvert 10. The water flow area of ​​the water-filling culvert is larger than twice the water flow area of ​​the front branch culvert 9, and the water flow area of ​​the discharge culvert is larger than twice the water flow area of ​​the rear branch culvert 10.

[0021] In this specific embodiment, the water delivery valve includes a front valve 11 and a rear valve 12. The installation position of the front valve 11 is close to the connecting culvert 4 of the upper level, and the position of the rear valve 12 is close to the connecting culvert 4 of the lower level. An emergency valve is installed in the water delivery culvert 13 and in front of the rear valve 12. A connecting shaft is provided on one side of the water delivery culvert 13 and close to the position of the emergency valve. The connecting shaft is connected to the water delivery culvert 13 located in front of the emergency valve.

[0022] In this specific implementation, the size of the water-saving tank 2 is consistent with the size of the ship lock 1.

[0023] A method for conveying water using the above-mentioned high-dam navigation lock hierarchical overall arrangement structure, when conveying water from an upper-level lock to a lower-level lock, opening a water filling valve and a lock chamber valve of an upper level to complete water filling from upstream to an upper-level lock, then closing the water filling valve, opening a water tank valve of an upper level, allowing the upper-level lock to discharge water to an upper-level water-saving tank until the water level is flush, then closing the water tank valve of an upper level, opening a water transfer valve and a water tank valve of a lower level, allowing the upper-level lock to discharge water to an upper-level water-saving tank until the water level is flush, then closing the water transfer valve, opening a lock chamber valve of a lower level, allowing the lower-level water-saving tank to discharge water to an lower-level lock until the water level is flush, then closing the water tank valve of the lower level, opening a water transfer valve and a water tank valve of an upper level, allowing the upper-level water-saving tank to discharge water to an lower-level lock until the water level is flush, then closing the water tank valve of the lower level, opening a water transfer valve and a water tank valve of an upper level, allowing the upper-level water-saving tank to discharge water to an lower-level lock until the water level is flush, then closing the water transfer valve, the water tank valve of an upper level and the lock chamber valve of a lower level, and repeating the above operation until water conveyance between all consecutive locks is completed. Since the whole process only involves taking water from the upstream for one lock, but completing two locks of ship lock filling and discharge processes, the water saving rate is 50%.

[0024] In this specific implementation manner, after completing the water transfer from the upper-level ship lock to the lower-level ship lock, if the operating water head of the upper-level ship lock is higher than the operating water head of the lower-level ship lock, the upper-level pool valve, water transfer valve and lower-level pool valve are opened to allow the upper-level water-saving pool to discharge water to the lower-level water-saving pool until the upper-level water-saving pool reaches the set water level, and then the upper-level pool valve and water transfer valve are closed. The lower-level water-saving pool then discharges water downstream until the water level of the lower-level water-saving pool reaches the set water level, and then the lower-level pool valve is closed; if the operating water head of the upper-level ship lock is lower than the operating water head of the lower-level ship lock, the upper-level pool valve, water transfer valve and lower-level pool valve are opened to allow the upper-level water-saving pool to discharge water to the lower-level water-saving pool until the water level of the lower-level water-saving pool reaches the maximum level, and then the water transfer valve and lower-level pool valve are closed. The upstream water-saving pool is replenished with water to the set water level, and then the upper-level pool valve is closed. The above-mentioned set water levels are all determined by the head difference between the upstream and downstream ship locks.

[0025] The present invention designs a water-saving tank corresponding to the ship lock. The size of the water-saving tank is equivalent to the size of the ship lock so as to achieve the purpose of water saving to the greatest extent. The water-saving ship lock is conveyed in stages, and the working conditions of the valve are improved based on the basic operating principle of "first fill the low tank, and then replenish the overflow water to the high tank". Taking the two-level continuous ship lock as an example, the following are the theoretical derivations of 6 overflow water replenishment control schemes. The water-saving tank next to the lock chamber of the upstream first-level ship lock is called the high tank, and the water-saving tank next to the lock chamber of the downstream ship lock is called the low tank. The areas of the high and low tanks are equal to the area of ​​the ship lock. Therefore, the water volume in the water conveyance process can be simplified to the head for analysis. The upstream and downstream ship locks are equally divided into water levels, that is, the maximum working water heads of the upstream and downstream ship locks are both H. During the i-th operation, the working water head of the upstream first-level ship lock is H up (i), the working water head of the downstream secondary ship lock is Hdown (i) During the i-1th operation, the working water head of the downstream secondary ship lock is H down (i-1), the water level difference between two consecutive runs △H down (i) = H down (i)-H down (i-1), such as Figure 2 shown.

[0026] 1) H up (i) = H down (i-1)=H down (i) Before discharge, initial water volume in low pool = water volume in secondary ship lock chamber = H down (i) / 2=H down (i-1) / 2, so there is no overflow and all processes can be automatically filled to the level.

[0027] 2) H up (i) = H down (i-1)≠H down (i) Low pool water demand = H down (i-1) / 2=H up (i) / 2 = water volume in the first-level ship lock chamber, that is, the water volume in the first-level ship lock chamber can just fill the low pool, which is not affected by the change of downstream water level and does not need to be replenished through the high pool. down (i) = H down (i)-H down (i-1), water demand of secondary ship lock = H down (i) / 2=(△H down (i)+H down (i-1)) / 2, so the high pool needs to be replenished with overflow water separately, and the existing water volume in the high pool = H up (i) / 2=H down (i-1) / 2, therefore, the overflow amount of the high pool should be = △H down (i) / 2.

[0028] 3) H up (i)>H down (i-1)=H down (i) At this time, the water consumption of the upstream first-level ship lock is greater than the water consumption of the downstream second-level ship lock, so overflow is required through the high and low pools.

[0029] Low pool water demand = H down (i-1) / 2<H up(i) / 2 = water volume in the first-level ship lock chamber. Therefore, the first-level ship lock can directly fill the low pool by discharging water into the low pool, and then continue to overflow downstream through the overflow channel at the top of the low pool until the water level in the first-level ship lock chamber drops to the water level of the navigation tunnel. The overflow water volume = (H up (i)-H down (i-1)) / 2.

[0030] Secondary lock water demand = H down (i) / 2=H down (i-1) / 2, the amount of water in the high pool = H up (i) / 2>H down (i-1) / 2, therefore, the overflow volume of the high pool = (H up (i)-H down (i-1)) / 2, at which point the high pool overflows through the overflow channel at the top of the low pool.

[0031] 4) H up (i)>H down (i-1)≠H down (i) Low pool water demand = H down (i-1) / 2<H up (i) / 2 = water volume in the first-level ship lock chamber. Therefore, the first-level ship lock can directly fill the low pool by discharging water into the low pool, and then continue to overflow downstream through the overflow channel at the top of the low pool until the water level in the first-level ship lock chamber drops to the water level of the navigation tunnel. The overflow water volume = (H up (i)-H down (i-1)) / 2.

[0032] Secondary lock water demand = H down (i) / 2, the amount of water in the high pool = H up (i) / 2, therefore, the overflow amount of the high pool should be filled = (△H down (i)-H up (i)) / 2.

[0033] 5) H up (i)<H down (i-1)=H down (i) At this time, the water consumption of the upstream first-level ship lock is less than the water consumption of the downstream second-level ship lock, and Gaochi needs to be replenished with water from the upstream reservoir.

[0034] Low pool water demand = H down (i-1) / 2>H up (i) / 2 = water volume in the first-level ship lock chamber. Therefore, the first-level ship lock cannot fill the lower pool by discharging water to it. The lower pool needs to be replenished with water from the high pool. The replenishment water volume = (H down (i-1)-H up (i)) / 2.

[0035] Secondary lock water demand = H down (i) / 2=H down (i-1) / 2, the amount of water in the high pool = H up (i) / 2-(H down (i-1)-H up (i)) / 2, therefore, the amount of water to be replenished in the high pool = H down (i-1)-H up (i).

[0036] 6) H up (i)<H down (i-1)≠H down (i) Low pool water demand = H down (i-1) / 2>H up (i) / 2 = water volume in the first-level ship lock chamber. Therefore, the first-level ship lock cannot fill the lower pool by discharging water into it. The lower pool needs to be replenished with water from the high pool. The replenishment water volume = (H down (i-1)-H up (i)) / 2.

[0037] Secondary lock water demand = H down (i) / 2=(H down (i-1)+△H down (i)) / 2, the amount of water in the high pool = H up (i) / 2-(H down (i-1)-H up (i)) / 2, therefore, the amount of water to be replenished in the high pool = H down (i-1)-H up (i)+△H down (i) / 2.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hierarchical overall arrangement structure of high dam navigation locks, comprising a plurality of continuous locks, wherein two adjacent locks are provided with navigation channels connected thereto, respectively, and characterized in that: On one side of each level of ship lock, a water-saving tank is arranged in parallel therewith, and connecting culverts connected to the corresponding water-saving tanks are arranged between each level of ship lock, and lock chamber valves and tank valves are arranged on the side of the connecting culvert corresponding to the ship lock and the water-saving tank, respectively. Between two adjacent levels of connecting culverts, water transfer culverts connected to them are arranged, and water transfer valves are arranged in the water transfer culverts. The connecting culvert located at the first level is connected to a filling culvert connected to an upstream reservoir, and a filling valve is arranged in the filling culvert. The connecting culvert located at the last level is connected to a discharge culvert connected to a downstream waterway, and a discharge valve is arranged in the discharge culvert. The connection between the water transfer culvert and the connecting culvert, the connection between the filling culvert and the connecting culvert, and the connection between the discharge culvert and the connecting culvert are located between the corresponding lock chamber valves and the tank valves.

2. The hierarchical overall arrangement structure of a high dam navigation lock according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The filling culvert is provided with at least two front branch culverts respectively connected to the upstream reservoir, extending away from one end of the corresponding connecting culvert, and the discharge culvert is provided with at least two rear branch culverts respectively connected to the downstream waterway, extending away from one end of the corresponding connecting culvert, the filling valve is installed in the front branch culvert, and the discharge valve is installed in the rear branch culvert, the water flow area of ​​the filling culvert is larger than twice the water flow area of ​​the front branch culvert, and the water flow area of ​​the discharge culvert is larger than twice the water flow area of ​​the rear branch culvert.

3. The hierarchical overall arrangement structure of high dam navigation locks according to claim 2 is characterized by: The water delivery valve includes a front valve and a rear valve, the installation position of the front valve is close to the connecting culvert of the upper level, and the position of the rear valve is close to the connecting culvert of the lower level. An emergency valve is installed in the water delivery culvert and in front of the rear valve. A connecting shaft is provided on one side of the water delivery culvert and close to the position of the emergency valve, and the connecting shaft is connected to the water delivery culvert located in front of the emergency valve.

4. The hierarchical overall arrangement structure of high dam navigation locks according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The size of the water saving tank is consistent with the size of the ship lock.

5. A method for conveying water using a hierarchical overall arrangement structure of a high dam navigation lock as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: When the upper-level ship lock transfers water to the lower-level ship lock, open the water filling valve and the upper-level lock chamber valve to complete the water filling from upstream to the upper-level ship lock, then close the water filling valve, open the upper-level pool valve, and allow the upper-level ship lock to discharge water to the upper-level provincial water pool until the water level is flush, then close the upper-level pool valve, open the water transfer valve and the lower-level pool valve, and allow the upper-level ship lock to discharge water to the lower-level provincial water pool until the water level is flush, then close the water transfer valve, open the lower-level lock chamber valve, and allow the lower-level provincial water pool to discharge water to the lower-level ship lock until the water level is flush, then close the lower-level pool valve, open the water transfer valve and the upper-level pool valve, and allow the upper-level provincial water pool to discharge water to the lower-level ship lock until the water level is flush, then close the lower-level pool valve, open the water transfer valve and the upper-level pool valve, and allow the upper-level provincial water pool to discharge water to the lower-level ship lock until the water level is flush, then close the water transfer valve, the upper-level pool valve and the lower-level lock chamber valve, and repeat the above operations until the water transfer between all consecutive ship locks is completed.

6. The continuous ship lock overall arrangement structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: After completing the water transfer from the upper-level ship lock to the lower-level ship lock, if the operating head of the upper-level ship lock is higher than that of the lower-level ship lock, open the upper-level pool valve, water transfer valve and lower-level pool valve to discharge water from the upper-level provincial water pool to the lower-level provincial water pool, then close the upper-level pool valve and water transfer valve, and the lower-level provincial water pool discharges water downstream, and close the lower-level pool valve; if the operating head of the upper-level ship lock is lower than that of the lower-level ship lock, open the upper-level pool valve, water transfer valve and lower-level pool valve to discharge water from the upper-level provincial water pool to the lower-level provincial water pool, close the water transfer valve and lower-level pool valve, replenish water into the upper-level provincial water pool upstream, and then close the upper-level pool valve.

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