Forest soil screening device and screening method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a forest soil screening device and a screening method, belonging to the field of soil screening. A forest soil screening device comprises: a base, and also comprises: a screening box, which is arranged on the upper side of the base, and the screening box is arranged obliquely; a first screen and a second screen, both of which are arranged in the screening box, and the first screen is arranged on the upper side of the second screen; a discharge hopper, which is arranged at one end of the screening box; a first extrusion shaft, which is rotatably arranged on the upper side of the first screen, and a plurality of groups of first needles are fixedly connected to the first extrusion shaft in a circular shape; the present invention effectively prevents excessive block soil from affecting the screening effect and screening efficiency of the first screen on the soil, and at the same time facilitates the distinction between non-sticky block soil and sticky block soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil screening, and in particular to a forest soil screening device and a screening method. Background Art

[0002] The forest soil screening device refers to a device for screening the soil for forest planting. It is mainly used for soil testing and soil remediation. When conducting soil remediation experiments, the soil needs to be initially dried and then screened. The screened fine-grained soil is then placed in a container and finally repaired and cultivated with a repair agent.

[0003] At present, most soil screening devices use vibrating screens to screen the soil. However, the loose soil containing sand in forest soil may also be mixed with clay soil, commonly known as pond mud. Clay soil has high plasticity and is in block shape. In order to facilitate the screening of the soil, it needs to be initially dried and then screened. At this time, the clay soil will be in block shape, and some sand will also condense into blocks. When the soil is screened, the block soil rolls on the screen, which may affect the flow of fine soil to one side of the screen, thereby affecting the screening effect and screening efficiency of the soil. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a forest soil screening device and screening method that can overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A forest soil screening device comprises: a base, and also comprises: a screening box, which is arranged on the upper side of the base, and the screening box is inclined; a first screen and a second screen, both of which are arranged in the screening box, and the first screen is arranged on the upper side of the second screen; a discharge hopper, which is arranged at one end of the screening box; a first extrusion shaft, which is rotatably arranged on the upper side of the first screen, and a plurality of groups of first needles are circumferentially fixedly connected to the first extrusion shaft; a second extrusion shaft and a third extrusion shaft, both of which are rotatably arranged on the upper side of the first screen, and a plurality of groups of second needles are circumferentially fixedly connected to the second extrusion shaft, and a plurality of groups of third needles are circumferentially fixedly connected to the third extrusion shaft; a removal component for removing mud blocks on the first needles, the second needles and the third needles, which is arranged on the upper side of the screening box; and a controller, which is fixedly arranged on one side of the screening box.

[0007] Preferably, the removal assembly comprises a collecting plate arranged on the upper side of the screening box, and a plurality of removal rods are fixedly connected to the collecting plate.

[0008] In order to facilitate the block soil to directly contact the ends of the first needle, the second needle and the third needle, further, multiple groups of mounting plates are fixedly connected to the base, the first extrusion shaft, the second extrusion shaft and the third extrusion shaft are all rotatably arranged between two opposite mounting plates, and the screening box slides on the mounting plate, and a driving motor is fixedly connected to the mounting plate.

[0009] In order to better remove the lumpy soil on the first needle, the second needle and the third needle, further, the collecting plate is fixedly connected to the screening box.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of support columns are fixedly connected to the base, support springs are fixedly connected between the support columns and the screening box, and a vibration motor is fixedly connected to the screening box.

[0011] In order to facilitate the separate collection of sticky block soil, further, a material guide trough is arranged on the collection plate, and the material guide trough is arranged obliquely.

[0012] In order to facilitate the control of the opening and closing of the driving motor, further, a positioner is fixedly connected to the screening box.

[0013] Preferably, a rotating plate is rotatably arranged in the material guiding trough.

[0014] In order to facilitate the falling of sticky block soil in the material guide trough, further, a driving clamping plate for limiting the rotating plate is fixedly connected to the mounting plate.

[0015] A forest soil screening method mainly comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Add the dried soil to the first sieve, and use the vibrating sieve box to drive the first sieve to vibrate and sieve the soil;

[0017] Step 2: The first extrusion shaft, the second extrusion shaft and the third extrusion shaft are rotated to insert the first needle, the second needle and the third needle into the block soil;

[0018] Step 3: The non-sticky bulk soil is punctured, the sticky bulk soil is fixed, and then the sticky bulk soil is removed by removing the component.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a forest soil screening device, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The forest soil screening device drives the soil on the first screen to move up and down through the screening box, wherein the block soil is inserted into the first needle after contacting with the first needle, and the non-sticky block soil is broken by the first needle after being inserted into the first needle and extruded by the first extrusion shaft, and the sticky block soil is fixed on the first needle after being inserted into the first needle, and the first extrusion shaft drives the first needle to move, and then the block soil inserted on the first needle is removed by the removal rod, thereby effectively preventing excessive block soil from affecting the screening effect and screening efficiency of the first screen, and at the same time facilitating the distinction between non-sticky block soil and sticky block soil, and facilitating the processing of the non-sticky block soil again.

[0021] 2. In the forest soil screening device, when the controller obtains that the screening box vibrates upward from the lowest point, the controller controls the first extrusion shaft, the second extrusion shaft and the third extrusion shaft to remain stationary through the driving motor, and the first needle, the second needle and the third needle are all perpendicular to the first screen, so that the block soil on the first screen can directly contact the first needle, the second needle and the third needle, thereby effectively improving the forest soil screening effect and screening efficiency. When the screening box moves to the lowest point, the controller controls the first extrusion shaft, the second extrusion shaft and the third extrusion shaft to quickly rotate to a specified angle through the driving motor, and then when the screening box moves upward again, the sticky block soil at the upper end is removed by the collecting plate and the removal rod, and the vertical removal method can prevent the sticky block soil from being torn into small pieces and falling onto the first screen again, while effectively preventing the first needle from being damaged.

[0022] 3. In the forest soil screening device, when the screening box vibrates, the mounting plate remains stationary, and the collecting plate vibrates along with the screening box. When the collecting plate vibrates up and down, the collecting plate drives the rotating end of the rotating plate to move up and down, thereby facilitating the falling of sticky block soil on the rotating plate to prevent it from accumulating in the material guide trough.

[0023] The parts not involved in the device are the same as the prior art or can be implemented by the prior art. The present invention effectively prevents excessive block soil from affecting the screening effect and screening efficiency of the first screen on the soil, and at the same time facilitates the distinction between non-cohesive block soil and cohesive block soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a forest soil screening device proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a forest soil screening device proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 3A cross-sectional view of a forest soil screening device proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 4 A forest soil screening device proposed by the present invention Figure 3 The enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a forest soil screening device proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 6 A forest soil screening device proposed by the present invention Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of point B in the middle.

[0030] In the figure: 1. base; 101. support column; 102. support spring; 103. screening box; 104. vibration motor; 105. controller; 106. positioner; 107. first screen; 108. second screen; 109. discharge hopper; 2. mounting plate; 201. first extrusion shaft; 202. first needle; 203. second extrusion shaft; 204. second needle; 205. third extrusion shaft; 206. third needle; 207. drive motor; 3. collecting plate; 301. removal rod; 302. guide trough; 303. rotating plate; 304. drive splint. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0032] Example 1: Reference Figure 1-Figure 5 A forest soil screening device comprises: a base 1, and also comprises: a screening box 103, which is arranged on the upper side of the base 1, and the screening box 103 is arranged obliquely; a first screen 107 and a second screen 108, both of which are arranged in the screening box 103, and the first screen 107 is arranged on the upper side of the second screen 108; a discharge hopper 109, which is arranged at one end of the screening box 103; a first extrusion shaft 201, which is rotatably arranged on the upper side of the first screen 107, and a plurality of groups of first extrusion shafts 201 are fixedly connected to the first extrusion shaft 201 in a circumferential manner. A needle 202; a second extrusion shaft 203 and a third extrusion shaft 205, both of which are rotatably arranged on the upper side of the first screen 107, and a plurality of groups of second needles 204 are fixedly connected in a circle on the second extrusion shaft 203, and a plurality of groups of third needles 206 are fixedly connected in a circle on the third extrusion shaft 205; a removal component for removing mud blocks on the first needle 202, the second needle 204 and the third needle 206 is arranged on the upper side of the screening box 103; a controller 105, which is fixedly arranged on one side of the screening box 103.

[0033] The removal assembly comprises a collecting plate 3 arranged on the upper side of the screening box 103 , and a plurality of removing rods 301 are fixedly connected to the collecting plate 3 .

[0034] The collecting plate 3 is provided with a material guide trough 302 , and the material guide trough 302 is inclined.

[0035] A plurality of mounting plates 2 are fixedly connected to the base 1, the first extrusion shaft 201, the second extrusion shaft 203 and the third extrusion shaft 205 are all rotatably arranged between two opposite mounting plates 2, and the screening box 103 slides on the mounting plate 2, and the driving motor 207 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 2.

[0036] A plurality of support columns 101 are fixedly connected to the base 1 , support springs 102 are fixedly connected between the support columns 101 and the screening box 103 , and a vibration motor 104 is fixedly connected to the screening box 103 .

[0037] When screening the soil of the forest, dry soil is added to the feed end of the first sieve 107, and the controller 105 controls the vibration motor 104 to drive the screening box 103 to vibrate to screen the soil. The soil that has been preliminarily screened by the first sieve 107 falls onto the second sieve 108 for screening.

[0038] In the process of soil screening, since there are sticky soil and loose soil in the soil, some of the soil will condense into blocks after drying, which is referred to as block soil. The loose soil includes sandy soil and loam, etc., which are referred to as non-sticky block soil after condensing into blocks. The sticky soil mainly includes clay soil and clay, etc., which are referred to as sticky block soil after condensing into blocks.

[0039] The controller 105 controls the driving motor 207 to start, and the driving motors 207 drive the first extrusion shaft 201, the second extrusion shaft 203 and the third extrusion shaft 205 to rotate respectively. The first extrusion shaft 201 drives the first needle 202 to rotate along the axis of the first extrusion shaft 201, and the mounting plate 2 and the base 1 are in a relatively static state. The screening box 103 drives the soil on the first screen 107 to move up and down, wherein the block soil contacts the first needle 202 and is inserted by the first needle 202, and the non-sticky block soil is inserted by the first needle 202. After being inserted, the soil will be crushed by the squeezing of the first squeezing shaft 201. The sticky block soil will be fixed on the first needle 202 after being inserted by the first needle 202, and the first squeezing shaft 201 drives the first needle 202 to move. Then, the block soil inserted on the first needle 202 is removed by the removal rod 301, thereby effectively preventing excessive block soil from affecting the screening effect and screening efficiency of the first screen 107, and at the same time facilitating the distinction between non-sticky block soil and sticky block soil, so as to facilitate the processing of the non-sticky block soil again.

[0040] Example 2: Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 , a forest soil screening device, which is basically the same as Example 1, and further, the collecting plate 3 is fixedly connected to the screening box 103.

[0041] A positioner 106 is fixedly connected to the screening box 103 .

[0042] During the process of tilting and vibrating the screening box 103, the position of the screening box 103 is obtained in real time through the positioner 106, and the position information is transmitted to the controller 105. When the controller 105 obtains that the screening box 103 vibrates upward from the lowest point, the controller 105 controls the first extrusion shaft 201, the second extrusion shaft 203 and the third extrusion shaft 205 to remain stationary through the driving motor 207, and the first needle 202, the second needle 204 and the third needle 206 are all perpendicular to the first screen 107. At this time, it is convenient for the block soil on the first screen 107 to directly contact the first needle 202, the second needle 204 and the third needle 206, thereby effectively improving the screening of forest soil. In order to improve the effect and screening efficiency, when the screening box 103 moves to the lowest point, the controller 105 controls the first extrusion shaft 201, the second extrusion shaft 203 and the third extrusion shaft 205 to quickly rotate at a specified angle through the driving motor 207, and then when the screening box 103 moves upward again, the sticky block soil at the uppermost end is removed by the collecting plate 3 and the removing rod 301, and the vertical removal method can prevent the sticky block soil from being torn into small pieces and falling onto the first screen 107 again, and effectively prevent the first needles 202 from being damaged. For example, the first needles 202 are distributed in four groups on the first extrusion shaft 201 in a circular shape, and at this time, the first extrusion shaft 201 rotates ninety degrees each time.

[0043] Example 3: Reference Figure 6 , a forest soil screening device, which is basically the same as Example 1, further, a rotating plate 303 is rotatably arranged in the material guide trough 302.

[0044] A driving clamping plate 304 for limiting the position of the rotating plate 303 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 2 , wherein a gap of the driving clamping plate 304 for limiting the position of the rotating plate 303 is larger than the thickness of the rotating plate 303 .

[0045] When the screening box 103 vibrates, the mounting plate 2 remains stationary, and the collecting plate 3 vibrates along with the screening box 103. When the collecting plate 3 vibrates up and down, the collecting plate 3 drives the rotating end of the rotating plate 303 to move up and down, thereby facilitating the falling of sticky block soil on the rotating plate 303 and preventing it from accumulating in the material guide trough 302.

[0046] Example 4: Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 , a forest soil screening device, which is basically the same as Example 1, and further, the first extrusion shaft 201, the second extrusion shaft 203 and the third extrusion shaft 205 are arranged along the inclined direction of the screening box 103, and the diameter of the first extrusion shaft 201 is smaller than the diameter of the second extrusion shaft 203, the diameter of the second extrusion shaft 203 is smaller than the diameter of the third extrusion shaft 205, the end of the first needle 202, the end of the second needle 204 and the end of the third needle 206 are at the same distance from the first screen 107, the diameter of the first needle 202 is larger than the diameter of the second needle 204, the diameter of the second needle 204 is larger than the diameter of the third needle 206, the density of the first needle 202 is smaller than the density of the second needle 204, and the density of the second needle 204 is smaller than the density of the third needle 206.

[0047] The diameters and densities of the first needles 202 , the second needles 204 , and the third needles 206 are gradually changed, thereby accommodating soil blocks of different sizes.

[0048] The volume of the bulk soil passing through the third needle 206 is smaller than that of the bulk soil passing through the first needle 202, so the third needle 206 with a smaller diameter is convenient for classifying small bulk soil, removing sticky small soil, and breaking up non-sticky small soil.

[0049] The diameters of the first extrusion shaft 201, the second extrusion shaft 203 and the third extrusion shaft 205 gradually increase, which is convenient for extruding the non-sticky block soil on the first screen 107 and breaking it better, thereby effectively improving the utilization rate of the soil and the screening effect of the soil.

[0050] Embodiment 5: A forest soil screening method mainly comprises the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Add the dried soil to the first sieve 107, and use the vibrating screening box 103 to drive the first sieve 107 to vibrate and screen the soil;

[0052] Step 2: The first extrusion shaft 201, the second extrusion shaft 203 and the third extrusion shaft 205 are rotated to insert the first needle 202, the second needle 204 and the third needle 206 into the block soil;

[0053] Step 3: The non-sticky bulk soil is punctured, the sticky bulk soil is fixed, and then the sticky bulk soil is removed by removing the component.

[0054] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forest soil screening device, comprising: The base (1) is characterized by further comprising: A screening box (103) is arranged on the upper side of the base (1), and the screening box (103) is arranged obliquely; A first screen (107) and a second screen (108) are both arranged in the screening box (103), and the first screen (107) is arranged on the upper side of the second screen (108); A discharge hopper (109) is arranged at one end of the screening box (103); A first extrusion shaft (201) is rotatably arranged on the upper side of the first screen (107), and a plurality of groups of first needles (202) are fixedly connected to the first extrusion shaft (201) in a circumferential manner; The second extrusion shaft (203) and the third extrusion shaft (205) are both rotatably arranged on the upper side of the first screen (107), and the second extrusion shaft (203) is circumferentially fixedly connected to a plurality of groups of second needles (204), and the third extrusion shaft (205) is circumferentially fixedly connected to a plurality of groups of third needles (206); A removal component for removing mud lumps on the first needle (202), the second needle (204) and the third needle (206), arranged on the upper side of the screening box (103); The controller (105) is fixedly arranged on one side of the screening box (103).

2. A forest soil screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The removal assembly comprises a collecting plate (3) arranged on the upper side of the screening box (103), and a plurality of removing rods (301) are fixedly connected to the collecting plate (3).

3. A forest soil screening device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of mounting plates (2) are fixedly connected to the base (1); the first extrusion shaft (201), the second extrusion shaft (203) and the third extrusion shaft (205) are all rotatably arranged between two opposing mounting plates (2); the screening box (103) slides on the mounting plates (2); and a driving motor (207) is fixedly connected to the mounting plates (2).

4. A forest soil screening device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collecting plate (3) is fixedly connected to the screening box (103).

5. The forest soil screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of support columns (101) are fixedly connected to the base (1), support springs (102) are fixedly connected between the support columns (101) and the screening box (103), and a vibration motor (104) is fixedly connected to the screening box (103).

6. The forest soil screening device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The collecting plate (3) is provided with a material guide trough (302), and the material guide trough (302) is arranged at an angle.

7. The forest soil screening device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A positioner (106) is fixedly connected to the screening box (103).

8. The forest soil screening device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A rotating plate (303) is rotatably arranged in the material guide trough (302).

9. The forest soil screening device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A driving clamping plate (304) for limiting the position of the rotating plate (303) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (2).

10. A forest soil screening method, using a forest soil screening device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The main steps include: Step 1: Add the dried soil to the first sieve (107), and use the vibrating sieve box (103) to drive the first sieve (107) to vibrate and sieve the soil; Step 2: The first extrusion shaft (201), the second extrusion shaft (203) and the third extrusion shaft (205) are rotated to insert the first needle (202), the second needle (204) and the third needle (206) into the block soil; Step 3: The non-sticky bulk soil is punctured, the sticky bulk soil is fixed, and then the sticky bulk soil is removed by removing the component.

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