Variable magnetic flux disc type motor capable of being electromagnetically adjusted

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc type motor, belongs to the technical field of motors, and aims to solve the problems of complex control and low safety when the rotating speed of the motor is increased in a weak magnetic intervention mode. A rotating magnetic field is generated when the first electromagnetic coil is powered on, the rotating magnetic field interacts with the permanent magnet, so that a torque is generated, the rotor starts to rotate, the position relation between the magnetic sensor and the rotor is read, and if the distance is judged to be incorrect, the motor is started to rotate. If the position of the rotor is adjusted through the neodymium-iron-boron magnetic ring by adjusting the current magnitude and direction of the electromagnetic ring, direct current is introduced into the electromagnetic ring during adjustment to generate upward or downward electromagnetic force, the neodymium-iron-boron magnetic ring is pushed upwards when the electromagnetic force repels the neodymium-iron-boron magnetic ring, and then the air gap between the rotor and the stator is adjusted. After the air gap is increased, flux leakage is increased, flux linkage is reduced, back electromotive force is reduced, the rotating speed of the motor is increased without flux weakening intervention, and the motor is high in efficiency and safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of motors, and in particular to an electromagnetically adjustable variable magnetic flux disc motor. Background Art

[0002] A motor is an electromagnetic device that converts or transmits electrical energy based on the law of electromagnetic induction. Its main function is to generate driving torque. As a power source for electrical appliances or various machines, the motor is mainly composed of a stator and a rotor. The direction of movement of the current-carrying wire under the force of the magnetic field is related to the direction of the current and the magnetic field. The working principle of the motor is that the magnetic field acts on the force of the current, causing the motor to rotate.

[0003] The speed of the motor is related to factors such as power supply voltage, frequency, number of motor poles, load conditions, mechanical transmission, design parameters, controller and control algorithm. When the motor runs at high speed, the back electromotive force of the motor will increase with the increase of speed. When the back electromotive force reaches the maximum voltage, the speed of the motor will no longer increase. At this time, if you want to further increase the speed of the motor, the most commonly used method is to adopt the strategy of weak magnetic intervention. However, weak magnetic intervention will increase the control complexity and the operating risk of the motor. At high speed, improper or excessive use of weak magnetic intervention may cause the motor to overheat or overload, thereby indirectly affecting the performance of the magnetic steel. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor, which solves the problem in the background art of increasing the motor speed by means of weak magnetic intervention, resulting in complex control and low safety.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor, comprising a motor housing and a stator and a rotor arranged inside the motor housing, and also comprising an output shaft rotatably connected inside the motor housing, one end of the output shaft extending to the outside of the motor housing, the rotor being located above the stator and slidably connected to the output shaft; An electromagnetic ring, a NdFeB magnetic ring and a magnetic sensor are also provided inside the motor housing. The electromagnetic ring is installed above the stator, the NdFeB magnetic ring is installed below the rotor, and the magnetic sensor is installed above the inside of the motor housing. The electromagnetic ring is used to control the position of the NdFeB magnetic ring and the rotor, and the magnetic sensor is used to detect the position of the NdFeB magnetic ring and the rotor.

[0006] Furthermore, the motor housing includes a lower housing and an upper housing disposed above the lower housing, and the output shaft passes through the upper housing upward and extends to above the upper housing.

[0007] Furthermore, a limiting protrusion is provided at the bottom of the lower shell, a lower bearing is installed in the limiting protrusion, an upper protrusion is provided at the top of the upper shell, an upper bearing is installed in the upper protrusion, and the output shaft is rotatably connected to the lower shell and the upper shell through the lower bearing and the upper bearing.

[0008] Furthermore, a first inner shell is arranged below the interior of the lower shell, the stator is arranged between the first inner shell and the lower shell, bolts are evenly distributed on the inner side of the first inner shell, threaded seats are installed on the outer side of the limiting protrusion, and the bolts correspond to the threaded seats.

[0009] Furthermore, the stator includes a first fixed frame, which is annular and has winding grooves that penetrate inside and outside evenly distributed on the first fixed frame. The top of the first fixed frame has wire inlets corresponding to the winding grooves evenly distributed. The stator also includes a first electromagnetic coil evenly distributed in two adjacent groups of winding grooves. The first electromagnetic coil is a component formed by enameled wire passing through the wire inlets of two adjacent groups and winding around the area between the two adjacent groups of winding grooves.

[0010] Furthermore, a second inner shell is arranged inside the upper shell, the second inner shell is annular, the rotor is arranged inside the second inner shell, and the rotor includes a turntable and permanent magnets evenly distributed below the turntable.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer wall of the output shaft is provided with a limit groove, and two groups of limit grooves are provided, and a first clamping ring and a second clamping ring are clamped in the limit groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer wall of the output shaft is evenly distributed with bumps, the inner side of the turntable is provided with sliding grooves corresponding to the bumps, and the rotor slides on the outside of the output shaft through the bumps.

[0013] Furthermore, the electromagnetic ring is arranged inside the first inner shell and located at the outer edge of the output shaft. The electromagnetic ring includes a second fixing frame and a second electromagnetic coil wound outside the second fixing frame, and also includes silicon steel installed inside the second fixing frame.

[0014] Furthermore, the NdFeB magnetic ring is installed inside the second inner shell, and the first clamp ring and the second clamp ring are located above and below the second inner shell.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides an electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor. When the first electromagnetic coil is energized, a rotating magnetic field is generated. The rotating magnetic field interacts with the permanent magnets evenly distributed on the turntable to generate a torque, causing the rotor to start rotating. The positional relationship between the rotor and the magnetic sensor is read. If the distance is determined to be incorrect, the position of the rotor is adjusted through the NdFeB magnetic ring by adjusting the current size and direction of the electromagnetic ring. During the adjustment, direct current is passed into the electromagnetic ring to generate an upward or downward electromagnetic force. When the electromagnetic force repels the NdFeB magnetic ring, the NdFeB magnetic ring is pushed upward, thereby adjusting the air gap between the rotor and the stator. When the air gap increases, the leakage magnetic field increases, and the magnetic flux decreases, resulting in a decrease in back electromotive force. The rotation speed of the motor is increased without the intervention of weak magnetic field. The motor has high efficiency and high safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a disassembled diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention in a disassembled state; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the rotor and output shaft structure of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first inner shell and the second inner shell of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stator, electromagnetic ring, NdFeB magnetic ring and magnetic sensor of the present invention; Figure 8 It is an exploded view of the stator, electromagnetic ring, NdFeB magnetic ring and magnetic sensor structure of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is an exploded view of the lower shell and upper shell structure of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. motor housing; 11. lower housing; 111. limiting protrusion; 112. threaded seat; 12. upper housing; 121. upper protrusion; 13. lower bearing; 14. upper bearing; 15. first retaining ring; 16. second retaining ring; 2. first inner housing; 21. bolt; 3. stator; 31. first fixing frame; 32. winding groove; 33. wire inlet; 34. first electromagnetic coil; 4. second inner housing; 5. rotor; 51. turntable; 52. permanent magnet; 6. output shaft; 61. limiting slot; 62. bump; 7. electromagnetic ring; 71. second fixing frame; 72. second electromagnetic coil; 73. silicon steel; 8. NdFeB magnetic ring; 9. magnetic sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In order to solve the technical problems of increasing the speed of the motor by weak magnetic intervention, the control is complex and the safety is not high, such as Figure 1-Figure 9 As shown, the following preferred technical solutions are provided: An electromagnetically adjustable variable magnetic flux disc motor comprises a motor housing 1, a stator 3 and a rotor 5 arranged inside the motor housing 1, and an output shaft 6 rotatably connected inside the motor housing 1, one end of the output shaft 6 extending to the outside of the motor housing 1, and the rotor 5 is located above the stator 3 and slidably connected to the output shaft 6; An electromagnetic ring 7, a NdFeB magnetic ring 8 and a magnetic sensor 9 are also provided inside the motor housing 1. The electromagnetic ring 7 is installed above the stator 3, the NdFeB magnetic ring 8 is installed below the rotor 5, and the magnetic sensor 9 is installed above the inside of the motor housing 1. The electromagnetic ring 7 is used to control the positions of the NdFeB magnetic ring 8 and the rotor 5, and the magnetic sensor 9 is used to detect the positions of the NdFeB magnetic ring 8 and the rotor 5. When the motor is started, the electromagnetic ring 7 is energized to generate a magnetic field to adsorb the NdFeB magnetic ring 8, so that the rotor 5 moves downward to the stator 3. At this time, the air gap between the rotor 5 and the stator 3 is small, the magnetic field strength is high, and the torque output by the output shaft 6 is large. When the speed increases, the back electromotive force increases with the increase in the speed. When the critical value is reached, the speed no longer increases. At this time, the current passing through the electromagnetic ring 7 is controlled so that the NdFeB magnetic ring 8 drives the rotor 5 to move upward, and the rotor 5 moves upward away from the stator 3, increasing the air gap between the rotor 5 and the stator 3. At this time, the back electromotive force decreases and the speed increases.

[0020] The motor housing 1 includes a lower housing 11 and an upper housing 12 disposed above the lower housing 11 . The output shaft 6 passes through the upper housing 12 upward and extends to the top of the upper housing 12 .

[0021] A limiting protrusion 111 is provided at the bottom of the lower shell 11, and a lower bearing 13 is installed in the limiting protrusion 111. An upper protrusion 121 is provided at the top of the upper shell 12, and an upper bearing 14 is installed in the upper protrusion 121. The output shaft 6 is rotatably connected to the lower shell 11 and the upper shell 12 through the lower bearing 13 and the upper bearing 14.

[0022] A first inner shell 2 is arranged below the lower shell 11, and the stator 3 is arranged between the first inner shell 2 and the lower shell 11. Bolts 21 are evenly distributed on the inner side of the first inner shell 2. A threaded seat 112 is installed on the outer side of the limiting protrusion 111, and the bolts 21 correspond to the threaded seat 112.

[0023] The stator 3 includes a first fixing frame 31, which is annular and has winding grooves 32 evenly distributed inside and outside the first fixing frame 31. The top of the first fixing frame 31 is evenly distributed with wire inlets 33 corresponding to the winding grooves 32. The stator 3 also includes a first electromagnetic coil 34 evenly distributed in two adjacent groups of winding grooves 32. The first electromagnetic coil 34 is a component formed by passing enameled wire through two adjacent groups of wire inlets 33 and winding around the area between the two adjacent groups of winding grooves 32.

[0024] A second inner shell 4 is disposed inside the upper shell 12 . The second inner shell 4 is annular. A rotor 5 is disposed inside the second inner shell 4 . The rotor 5 includes a turntable 51 and permanent magnets 52 evenly distributed below the turntable 51 .

[0025] The outer wall of the output shaft 6 is provided with limit slots 61 , and there are two groups of limit slots 61 . The first clamping ring 15 and the second clamping ring 16 are clamped in the limit slots 61 .

[0026] The outer wall of the output shaft 6 is evenly distributed with protrusions 62 , and the inner side of the rotating disk 51 is provided with sliding grooves corresponding to the protrusions 62 . The rotor 5 slides on the outside of the output shaft 6 through the protrusions 62 .

[0027] The electromagnetic ring 7 is arranged inside the first inner housing 2 and located at the outer edge of the output shaft 6. The electromagnetic ring 7 includes a second fixing frame 71 and a second electromagnetic coil 72 wound outside the second fixing frame 71, and also includes a silicon steel 73 installed inside the second fixing frame 71.

[0028] The NdFeB magnetic ring 8 is also installed inside the second inner shell 4, and the top of the NdFeB magnetic ring 8 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the turntable 51. The first clamping ring 15 and the second clamping ring 16 are located above and below the second inner shell 4. The first clamping ring 15 and the second clamping ring 16 are used to limit the second inner shell 4 and limit its movement range.

[0029] Specifically, when the motor starts, the first electromagnetic coil 34 is energized to generate a rotating magnetic field. This rotating magnetic field interacts with the permanent magnets 52 evenly distributed on the turntable 51, and generates a strong torque through the action of magnetic lines of force, thereby driving the rotor 5 to start rotating. At this time, the electromagnetic ring 7 is energized to generate a strong magnetic field. This magnetic field has an adsorption effect on the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring 8, causing it to move downward, driving the rotor 5 to get close to the stator 3. Because the air gap between the rotor 5 and the stator 3 is very small, the magnetic field strength becomes abnormally high, resulting in a very large torque output by the output shaft 6, providing a strong power for the starting of the motor. As the motor speed gradually increases, the back electromotive force also increases. The back electromotive force is the electromotive force generated by the relative speed of the internal magnetic field of the motor and the conductor movement. It is proportional to the motor speed. When the back electromotive force increases to a certain extent, the motor speed reaches a balance point. At this time, the speed no longer increases further. This is because as the speed increases, the increase in the back electromotive force will offset more input power, making it difficult to increase the speed. In order to break through this speed limit, the control system will intelligently adjust the magnitude and direction of the current passing through the electromagnetic ring 7. This adjustment causes the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic ring 7 to change, thereby interacting with the NdFeB magnetic ring 8. When direct current is passed into the electromagnetic ring 7, an electromagnetic force that repels the NdFeB magnetic ring 8 will be generated. This electromagnetic force pushes the NdFeB magnetic ring 8 upward, thereby adjusting the air gap between the rotor 5 and the stator 3. The increase in the air gap causes the magnetic field strength to weaken, and the back electromotive force is also reduced accordingly. This adjustment enables the motor to continue to increase the speed without increasing additional energy consumption, thereby achieving efficient operation of the motor. During the entire operation process, the magnetic sensor 9 monitors the position of the stator 3 and the rotor 5 in real time to ensure that the air gap between the stator 3 and the rotor 5 is always maintained in the optimal state. By continuously adjusting the current magnitude and direction of the electromagnetic ring 7, the control system can accurately control the speed of the motor so that the motor can maintain stable operation under various working conditions. This precise control not only improves the efficiency of the motor, but also extends its service life.

[0030] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetically adjustable variable magnetic flux disc motor, comprising a motor housing (1) and a stator (3) and a rotor (5) arranged inside the motor housing (1), and also comprising an output shaft (6) rotatably connected inside the motor housing (1), characterized in that: One end of the output shaft (6) extends to the outside of the motor housing (1), and the rotor (5) is located above the stator (3) and is slidably connected to the output shaft (6); An electromagnetic ring (7), a neodymium iron boron magnetic ring (8) and a magnetic sensor (9) are also provided inside the motor housing (1); the electromagnetic ring (7) is mounted above the stator (3); the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring (8) is mounted below the rotor (5); and the magnetic sensor (9) is mounted above the inside of the motor housing (1); the electromagnetic ring (7) is used to control the positions of the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring (8) and the rotor (5); and the magnetic sensor (9) is used to detect the positions of the neodymium iron boron magnetic ring (8) and the rotor (5).

2. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor housing (1) comprises a lower housing (11) and an upper housing (12) arranged above the lower housing (11); the output shaft (6) passes through the upper housing (12) upwards and extends to above the upper housing (12).

3. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting protrusion (111) is provided at the bottom of the lower housing (11), a lower bearing (13) is installed in the limiting protrusion (111), an upper protrusion (121) is provided at the top of the upper housing (12), an upper bearing (14) is installed in the upper protrusion (121), and the output shaft (6) is rotatably connected to the lower housing (11) and the upper housing (12) via the lower bearing (13) and the upper bearing (14).

4. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first inner shell (2) is arranged below the lower shell (11), the stator (3) is arranged between the first inner shell (2) and the lower shell (11), bolts (21) are evenly distributed on the inner side of the first inner shell (2), a threaded seat (112) is installed on the outer side of the limiting protrusion (111), and the bolts (21) correspond to the threaded seat (112).

5. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stator (3) comprises a first fixing frame (31), the first fixing frame (31) is annular, and winding grooves (32) are evenly distributed on the first fixing frame (31) and are connected inside and outside. Wire inlets (33) corresponding to the winding grooves (32) are evenly distributed on the top of the first fixing frame (31). The stator (3) further comprises first electromagnetic coils (34) evenly distributed in two adjacent groups of winding grooves (32). The first electromagnetic coils (34) are components formed by enameled wires passing through two adjacent groups of wire inlets (33) and being wound around the area between the two adjacent groups of winding grooves (32).

6. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second inner shell (4) is arranged inside the upper shell (12); the second inner shell (4) is annular; a rotor (5) is arranged inside the second inner shell (4); the rotor (5) comprises a rotating disk (51) and permanent magnets (52) evenly distributed below the rotating disk (51).

7. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the output shaft (6) is provided with a limit clamping groove (61), and two groups of limit clamping grooves (61) are provided. A first clamping ring (15) and a second clamping ring (16) are clamped in the limit clamping grooves (61).

8. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer wall of the output shaft (6) is evenly distributed with protrusions (62), the inner side of the rotating disk (51) is provided with sliding grooves corresponding to the protrusions (62), and the rotor (5) slides on the outside of the output shaft (6) through the protrusions (62).

9. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic ring (7) is arranged inside the first inner housing (2) and located at the outer edge of the output shaft (6), and the electromagnetic ring (7) comprises a second fixing frame (71) and a second electromagnetic coil (72) wound around the outside of the second fixing frame (71), and also comprises silicon steel (73) mounted on the inner side of the second fixing frame (71).

10. The electromagnetically adjustable variable flux disc motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The NdFeB magnetic ring (8) is installed inside the second inner shell (4), and the first clamping ring (15) and the second clamping ring (16) are located above and below the second inner shell (4).

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