Aero-engine shaft hollow extrusion forming device and method

Abstract

The application relates to an aero-engine shaft hollow extrusion forming device and method, and relates to the technical field of shaft extrusion. The extrusion forming device comprises a base and an extrusion mechanism. The extrusion mechanism comprises an extrusion cylinder which is arranged on the base and is provided with a forming hole and is used for a blank; a variable-diameter core rod which passes through an initial hole and the forming hole in sequence from the end of the extrusion cylinder far away from the forming hole; an extrusion die which is slidably installed on the inner side wall of the extrusion cylinder and is used for extruding the blank and making the blank adhere to the variable-diameter core rod to form; a first driving assembly and a second driving assembly which are respectively used for driving the variable-diameter core rod and the extrusion die to move. The application has the advantages that the initial hole of the blank is first extruded and formed by the variable-diameter core rod, then the extrusion die extrudes the blank so that the blank adheres to the variable-diameter core rod to form the whole variable-diameter hole, and the whole shape of the shaft part is formed at the same time, thereby greatly reducing the stress of the variable-diameter core rod during machining, improving the production efficiency of the shaft part and reducing the production cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of shaft extrusion, and in particular to an apparatus and method for hollow extrusion forming of aero-engine shafts. Background Technology

[0002] The fan shaft of an aero-turbofan engine bears a huge torque load during operation, transferring turbine power to the fan, driving the large-sized fan to rotate and generate thrust. The design of aero-turbofan engine fan shafts has developed rapidly. Traditional engine fan shaft designs are mostly gradually changing drum-shaped structures; the latest development is a bottle-shaped structure with a narrow opening. This type of fan shaft has characteristics such as unequal inner diameter, variable cross-section inside and outside, bosses at the outer wall port, and bosses in the middle of the inner wall.

[0003] Currently, both domestically and internationally, extrusion technology is being studied as a direction for shaft manufacturing. Shafts produced by extrusion technology have advantages such as large deformation, one-time forming, continuous streamlines, good uniformity of structure and properties, and fine structure.

[0004] Previously, fan shafts were typically formed using a combination die process. This combination process involves solid extrusion molding, which involves a free elongation process for the rod section followed by die forging to form the head. First, a mandrel is used to extrude a solid blank to create a variable diameter hole. Then, an extrusion die is used to extrude the head of the blank to form the shaft. However, this process involves extremely high extrusion volume during the extrusion molding process. Since the mandrel is a slender structure, it is subjected to extremely high forces, posing a risk of breakage. To reduce this risk, the moving speed of the mandrel during the extrusion process needs to be strictly controlled. As a result, the production efficiency of the shaft is low and the cost is high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To improve the efficiency of shaft production and reduce production costs, this application provides an apparatus and method for hollow extrusion molding of aero-engine shafts.

[0006] Firstly, the hollow extrusion molding apparatus for an aero-engine shaft provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A hollow extrusion forming apparatus for an aircraft engine shaft includes a base and an extrusion mechanism mounted on the base. The extrusion mechanism includes: An extrusion cylinder is disposed on a base and has a forming hole at one end near the base for placing a blank with an initial hole. A variable diameter mandrel, which passes sequentially through an initial hole and a forming hole from the end of the extrusion cylinder away from the forming hole, wherein the diameter of the initial hole is smaller than the maximum diameter of the variable diameter mandrel; An extrusion die is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the extrusion cylinder from the end away from the forming hole and is used to extrude the end of the billet away from the forming hole and to form the billet by adhering it to the variable diameter mandrel. The extrusion die is provided with a passage hole for the variable diameter mandrel to pass through. A first drive assembly and a second drive assembly are used to drive the variable diameter mandrel and the extrusion die to move, respectively.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the billet is first heated and then placed in the extrusion cylinder. Then, the first drive assembly is activated to drive the variable diameter mandrel to move, so that the variable diameter mandrel passes through the initial hole and the forming hole of the billet and extrudes the initial hole. The second drive assembly is activated to drive the extrusion die to move and extrude the billet, so that the billet deforms and fits onto the variable diameter mandrel to form the required variable diameter hole. After the billet is formed, the shaft is obtained. The first drive assembly is activated to drive the variable diameter mandrel to move back away from the shaft. At this time, the extrusion die continues to position the shaft, reducing the probability of the shaft moving and deforming. Finally, the second drive assembly is activated to drive the extrusion die to move back away from the shaft, and the shaft is finally removed.

[0008] The blank is first extruded and formed by a variable diameter mandrel. Then, the blank is pressed by an extrusion die so that it fits onto the variable diameter mandrel to form all the variable diameter holes and the entire shape of the shaft. This greatly reduces the stress on the variable diameter mandrel during processing, reduces the risk of the variable diameter mandrel being pulled apart, thus speeding up the movement of the variable diameter mandrel, improving the production efficiency of the shaft and reducing the production cost. The speed and position of the variable diameter mandrel are controlled by the first drive component, thus the position of the variable diameter hole can be controlled as needed, and the moving speed of the variable diameter mandrel can be controlled to adapt to the deformation of the billet, so that the deformation stress of the billet is moderately controlled, thereby improving the quality of the extruded shaft and reducing the production cost during extrusion. Furthermore, the extrusion die can position the billet when the variable diameter mandrel moves back, thereby further improving the production quality, efficiency and production cost of the shaft.

[0009] Optionally, the extrusion cylinder has an extrusion hole at one end near the base, an extrusion ring is slidably mounted on the extrusion hole along the axis of the extrusion cylinder, the forming hole is located on the extrusion ring, and a moving component for driving the extrusion ring to move is provided on the base.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the extrusion ring replacement can adapt to the production of different forming holes. After the billet is extruded into a shaft, the extrusion die moves away from the shaft. The moving component is activated to drive the extrusion ring to move and push the shaft out of the extrusion cylinder to complete the unloading, thereby further improving the production efficiency of the shaft and reducing the production cost.

[0011] Optionally, the extrusion cylinder is provided with a heating mechanism, the heating mechanism comprising: A heating tube is rotatably mounted on the end of the extrusion cylinder away from the base, with the axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of the extrusion cylinder. The extrusion cylinder has an extrusion chamber for placing the billet, and the heating tube has a heating chamber for placing the billet. After the heating tube rotates, it abuts against the extrusion cylinder for positioning, so that the heating chamber and the extrusion chamber are aligned and connected and have the same diameter. Alternatively, the heating tube rotates away from the extrusion cylinder to facilitate the addition of the billet into the heating chamber. A rotating assembly, which is mounted on the extrusion cylinder and is used to drive the heating tube to rotate; A heating assembly, which is disposed on the extrusion cylinder and is used to heat the heating chamber and the extrusion chamber; A positioning assembly is disposed on the heating tube and positions the variable diameter mandrel under the action of elastic force; the extrusion die and the variable diameter mandrel are slidably mounted on the heating chamber before entering the extrusion chamber; When the billet needs to be extruded, the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly are respectively connected to the variable diameter mandrel and the extrusion die; when the heating tube needs to rotate away from the extrusion cylinder, the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly disengage from the variable diameter mandrel and the extrusion die to avoid displacement.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the billet is placed in the heating chamber. The rotating assembly starts and drives the heating tube to rotate, which then abuts against the extrusion cylinder. The extrusion die and the variable diameter mandrel are located in the heating chamber. Therefore, the heating assembly starts and heats the extrusion die, the variable diameter mandrel, and the billet together in the heating chamber. At the same time, the heat from heating the heating chamber can also be conducted to the extrusion chamber and heat it. Then, the variable diameter mandrel moves and pushes the billet into the extrusion chamber until the billet abuts against the extrusion chamber for positioning. At the same time, the heating assembly continues to heat the billet as the variable diameter mandrel moves. The variable diameter mandrel continues to move and passes through the initial hole and the forming hole. Then, the extrusion die moves and extrudes the billet to form a shaft. Then, the variable diameter mandrel moves back away from the shaft. Then, the extrusion die moves away from the shaft. The first drive assembly and the second drive assembly disengage from the variable diameter mandrel and the extrusion die, respectively. At this time, the positioning assembly can position the variable diameter mandrel. The rotating assembly starts and drives the heating tube away from the extrusion cylinder. Then, the extrusion ring starts and pushes the billet to move for discharge.

[0013] Therefore, the heating chamber is used to heat the extrusion die, variable diameter mandrel, billet and extrusion chamber, so that the temperature of each structure and extrusion position tends to be consistent and the convenience of heating is improved. At the same time, the heating chamber can guide the billet when it enters the extrusion chamber, thereby further improving the production quality and efficiency of shaft parts and reducing production costs. Because the extrusion cylinder needs to be extruded, it is designed to be thicker and stronger. If a heating structure is set on the outside of the extrusion cylinder, the heating structure will be more difficult and less efficient. Therefore, heating is done through the heating chamber instead of directly heating the extrusion cylinder. Since the heating tube does not need to be extruded, the above design requirements are not required. Thus, the heating tube can be designed to be more conducive to heating. At the same time, hot air is directly introduced into the extrusion chamber for heating, which greatly improves heating efficiency and heating costs. This further improves the production quality and efficiency of shaft parts and reduces production costs.

[0014] Optionally, the rotating assembly includes: Two rotating blocks are rotatably mounted on the heating tube and the extrusion cylinder; The telescopic component is connected to two rotating blocks and is used to drive the heating tube to rotate.

[0015] Optionally, the heating assembly includes: A heating frame is provided on the inner wall of the heating tube and forms an installation cavity with the inner wall of the heating tube. The inner wall of the heating tube forms a heating cavity. The heating frame is provided with a plurality of heat exchange holes that connect the installation cavity and the heating cavity. A heating wire is disposed on the heating frame and located within the mounting cavity.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the heating wire is activated to heat the heating chamber, allowing hot air to enter through the superheating hole for heating. This achieves heating of the heating chamber and the items located within it. Heating through the superheating hole further improves heating efficiency.

[0017] Optionally, the heating tube is horizontal when it abuts against the extrusion cylinder and is positioned after being rotated to a vertical position by the rotating assembly; the length of the heating chamber is greater than the length of the billet, and when the billet is placed on the heating chamber and the heating tube abuts against the extrusion cylinder, the superheating hole is connected to the heating chamber located on the side of the billet closer to the extrusion cylinder, so that hot air enters the extrusion chamber for heating.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the billet is placed in the heating chamber, which is in a vertical position. This allows the billet to move directly downwards under gravity, improving the convenience of loading the billet. Moreover, the length of the billet is less than the length of the heating chamber, allowing hot air to directly enter the extrusion chamber through the heating chamber. This further improves the heating efficiency and effect in the extrusion chamber, reduces the probability of temperature inconsistency between the extrusion chamber and the billet, and thus further improves the production quality and efficiency of the shaft parts while reducing production costs.

[0019] Optionally, multiple positioning components are arranged in a circumferential array around the axis of the heating tube, and the positioning components include: A positioning block, which is slidably mounted on the heating tube in a direction that is close to or away from the variable diameter mandrel; A spring sheet, which is disposed on the heating tube and connected to the positioning block; The positioning roller is rotatably mounted on the positioning block and presses against the variable diameter mandrel under the elastic force of the spring sheet for positioning; A positioning ring is provided on the heating tube. When the variable diameter mandrel moves away from the shaft, it abuts against the positioning ring for positioning. When the heating tube rotates away from the extrusion cylinder, the variable diameter mandrel presses against the positioning ring for support and positioning.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple positioning rollers press against the variable diameter mandrel under the action of the spring sheet for positioning. Therefore, when the first drive assembly is connected to the variable diameter mandrel, it drives the variable diameter mandrel to move. The movement of the variable diameter mandrel pushes the positioning rollers to rotate. After the variable diameter mandrel moves, it abuts against the positioning ring for positioning. Then, the first drive assembly disengages from the variable diameter mandrel. The positioning ring and positioning rollers can position the variable diameter mandrel. Moreover, after the heating tube rotates away from the extrusion cylinder, the variable diameter mandrel presses against the positioning ring under the action of gravity for positioning, thereby further positioning the variable diameter mandrel. This improves the accuracy of the variable diameter mandrel's position during movement, and improves the stability and quality during extrusion. At the same time, the multiple positioning rollers ensure that the variable diameter mandrel is always in the center position, thereby further improving the production quality and efficiency of the shaft and reducing production costs.

[0021] Optionally, the first driving component includes: A drive rod, which is slidably mounted on the base in a direction that is close to or away from the variable diameter mandrel; A magnet and an iron sheet are respectively mounted on opposite ends of the drive rod and the variable diameter mandrel and are positioned close together. The drive rod drives the variable diameter mandrel to abut against the base for positioning. As the drive rod continues to move, the drive rod and the variable diameter mandrel disengage and are used to avoid obstruction when the heating tube rotates.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the drive rod approaches and abuts against the variable diameter mandrel, causing magnet one and iron sheet one to be attracted together and connected. The drive rod moves to push the variable diameter mandrel to move, thereby pushing the billet to move. When the drive rod moves back, it also drives the variable diameter mandrel to move back, so that the variable diameter mandrel abuts against the base for positioning. As the drive rod continues to move back, it disengages from the variable diameter mandrel, thereby connecting or disengaging the drive rod from the variable diameter mandrel.

[0023] The drive rod and the variable diameter mandrel are subjected to greater force when they are pressed together, but less force when they move back. Therefore, the magnet and the iron plate can be separated or connected. As a result, the structure is simple and the operation is stable, which further improves the production quality and efficiency of the shaft and reduces the production cost.

[0024] Optionally, the second driving component includes: A movable rod, which is slidably disposed on the base in a direction toward or away from the extrusion die; A connecting rod, which is disposed on the extrusion die; The second magnet and the second iron sheet are respectively positioned on opposite ends of the moving rod and the connecting rod and are tightly attached together for positioning; the extrusion die is positioned against the heating chamber and the moving rod and the connecting rod are disengaged as the moving rod continues to move.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the moving rod moves close to the connecting rod, causing the moving rod to abut against the connecting rod. At this time, the second magnet and the second iron sheet attract each other and connect the moving rod and the connecting rod. The moving rod moves back, causing the connecting rod and the extrusion die to move back, so that the extrusion die abuts against the heating chamber for positioning. When the moving rod continues to move back, the moving rod and the connecting rod disengage from each other, thereby realizing the connection or disengagement of the moving rod and the extrusion die.

[0026] Secondly, the extrusion molding method provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: An extrusion molding method includes the following steps: Feeding: Place the billet into the heating tube, and start the rotating component to move the heating tube against the extrusion cylinder for positioning; Heating: The heating wire is activated to heat the billet, extrusion die and variable diameter mandrel located in the heating chamber together, while hot air also enters the extrusion chamber for heating; Moving extrusion: The first drive assembly starts and drives the variable diameter mandrel to move and push the billet into the extrusion chamber for positioning. Then the variable diameter mandrel continues to move and passes through the billet. Then the second drive assembly starts and drives the extrusion die into the extrusion chamber to extrude the billet to form a shaft. The variable diameter mandrel first moves away from the shaft, and then the extrusion die moves away from the shaft. Discharge: The rotating component starts and drives the heating tube to rotate away from the extrusion cylinder. Then the moving component starts and pushes the shaft out of the extrusion chamber to complete the discharge.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the billet is placed in the heating tube, and the heating tube is positioned against the extrusion cylinder; the heating wire is activated to heat the billet, extrusion die, variable diameter mandrel, and extrusion cavity; the variable diameter mandrel moves to push the billet into the extrusion cavity for positioning, and then the variable diameter mandrel continues to move so that the variable diameter mandrel passes through the billet, and then the extrusion die enters the extrusion cavity to extrude the billet to form a shaft.

[0028] The variable diameter mandrel moves away from the billet first, then the extrusion die moves away from the billet, the rotating component starts to drive the heating tube to rotate away from the extrusion cylinder, and then the moving component starts to push the billet out of the extrusion chamber to complete the discharge. This improves the convenience of loading, unloading and heating during the extrusion process, thereby improving the production quality and efficiency of shaft parts and reducing production costs.

[0029] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The initial holes of the blank are first extruded and formed by the variable diameter mandrel. Then the extrusion die extrudes the blank so that the blank fits on the variable diameter mandrel to form all the variable diameter holes and the entire shape of the shaft. This greatly reduces the stress on the variable diameter mandrel during processing, reduces the risk of the variable diameter mandrel being pulled apart, thus speeding up the movement speed of the variable diameter mandrel, improving the production efficiency of the shaft and reducing the production cost. 2. By controlling the speed and position of the variable diameter mandrel through the first drive component, the position of the variable diameter hole can be controlled as needed, and the moving speed of the variable diameter mandrel can be controlled to adapt to the deformation of the billet, so that the deformation stress of the billet is moderately controlled, thereby improving the quality of the extruded shaft and reducing the production cost during extrusion. Furthermore, the shaft can be positioned by the extrusion die when the variable diameter mandrel moves back, thereby further improving the production quality, efficiency and production cost of the shaft. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the extrusion molding device. At this time, the billet is located in the extrusion chamber and is being extruded, and the heating tube is turned to a horizontal position. Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of section A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the extrusion molding device, in which the heating tube is rotated to a vertical position; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of section B in the middle; Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of section C.

[0031] Reference numerals: 1. Base; 11. Horizontal section; 12. First vertical section; 13. Second vertical section; 14. Billet; 15. Initial hole; 16. Clearance hole; 2. Extrusion mechanism; 21. Extrusion cylinder; 22. Variable diameter mandrel; 221. Cylindrical section; 222. Transition section; 23. Extrusion die; 24. Extrusion chamber; 25. Extrusion hole; 26. Moving column; 27. Extrusion ring; 28. Forming hole; 29. ​​Passage hole; 3. Moving assembly; 31. Moving part; 32. Moving plate; 4. First drive assembly; 41. Drive rod; 42. Magnet one; 43. Iron sheet one; 5. Second drive assembly; 51. Moving rod; 52. Connecting rod; 53. Magnet two; 54. Iron sheet two; 6. Heating mechanism; 61. Heating tube; 62. Receiving cavity; 63. Mounting cover; 64. First mounting hole; 65. Second mounting hole; 7. Rotating assembly; 71. Rotating block; 72. Telescopic component; 8. Heating assembly; 81. Heating frame; 82. Heating wire; 83. Mounting cavity; 84. Heating cavity; 85. Overheating hole; 9. Positioning assembly; 91. Positioning block; 92. Spring; 93. Positioning roller; 94. Positioning ring. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-5 This application will be described in further detail.

[0033] This application discloses an apparatus for hollow extrusion molding of aero-engine shafts.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 The hollow extrusion molding device for aero-engine shaft includes a base 1, an extrusion mechanism 2 and a heating mechanism 6 mounted on the base 1. The extrusion mechanism 2 is used to extrude and mold the blank 14, and the heating mechanism 6 is used to heat and keep the blank 14 and the extrusion mechanism 2 warm.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The base 1 includes a horizontal portion 11 and a first vertical portion 12 and a second vertical portion 13, which are fixedly installed on the upper surface of the horizontal portion 11 and are vertical. The extrusion mechanism 2 includes an extrusion cylinder 21, which is fixedly installed on the side wall of the second vertical portion 13 near the first vertical portion 12. The extrusion cylinder 21 is horizontal, and an extrusion chamber 24 is coaxially formed inside the extrusion cylinder 21. The extrusion chamber 24 passes through the end of the extrusion cylinder 21 away from the second vertical portion 13. An extrusion hole 25, which communicates with the second vertical portion 13, is coaxially formed at the end of the extrusion chamber 24 near the second vertical portion 13. The extrusion chamber 24 is used to insert a blank 14 for extrusion molding. An initial hole 15, which penetrates the blank 14, is coaxially formed on the blank 14. A clearance hole 16, which is coaxial with the extrusion hole 25, is formed on the second vertical portion 13, and the diameter of the clearance hole 16 is smaller than the diameter of the extrusion hole 25.

[0036] A movable column 26 is slidably installed on the second vertical part 13. The sliding direction of the movable column 26 is parallel to the axis of the extrusion hole 25. An extrusion ring 27 is fixedly installed on the movable column 26. The extrusion ring 27 is coaxially arranged with the extrusion hole 25 and inserted into the extrusion hole 25. The side wall of the extrusion ring 27 away from the movable column 26 is flush with the end of the extrusion chamber 24 near the extrusion hole 25. A forming hole 28 is coaxially opened on the extrusion ring 27, and the diameter of the forming hole 28 is less than or equal to the diameter of the clearance hole 16.

[0037] The second vertical part 13 is provided with a moving assembly 3 that drives the moving column 26 and the extrusion ring 27 to move. The moving assembly 3 includes a moving part 31 and a moving plate 32. The moving part 31 is a moving cylinder, electric push rod, etc. The moving part 31 is fixedly installed on the second vertical part 13. The moving plate 32 is fixedly installed on the piston rod of the moving part 31 and is fixedly connected to the moving column 26. When the moving part 31 is activated, it drives the moving column 26 and the extrusion ring 27 to move, so that the extrusion ring 27 is inserted into the extrusion hole 25, or the extrusion ring 27 is pushed into the extrusion chamber 24.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 The heating mechanism 6 includes a heating tube 61 and a rotating assembly 7. One end of the heating tube 61 is rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the end of the extrusion cylinder 21 away from the second vertical part 13, and the heating tube 61 rotates in a horizontal direction and is perpendicular to the axis of the extrusion cylinder 21. When the heating tube 61 is rotated to a horizontal position, it abuts against the extrusion cylinder 21 for positioning, or when the heating tube 61 is rotated to a vertical position, it is located below the extrusion cylinder 21.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The rotating assembly 7 is mounted on the extrusion cylinder 21 and is used to drive the heating tube 61 to rotate to a horizontal or vertical position. Multiple rotating assemblies 7 are arranged in a circumferential array around the axis of the heating tube 61. The rotating assembly 7 includes two rotating blocks 71 and a telescopic component 72. The two rotating blocks 71 are rotatably mounted on the extrusion cylinder 21 and the heating tube 61. The telescopic component 72 is a telescopic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. The telescopic component 72 is fixedly mounted on the rotating blocks 71 and its piston rod is connected to another rotating block 71. When the telescopic component 72 is activated, it drives the heating tube 61 to rotate.

[0040] The heating mechanism 6 also includes a heating component 8. A receiving cavity 62 is coaxially opened at one end of the heating tube 61 near the extrusion cylinder 21. The heating component 8 is disposed on the heating tube 61. The heating component 8 includes a heating frame 81 and a heating wire 82. The heating frame 81 is coaxially fixedly installed on the inner wall of the receiving cavity 62, and the heating frame 81 and the receiving cavity 62 cooperate to form an installation cavity 83. The inner wall of the heating frame 81 forms a heating cavity 84 that is open at both ends. The heating cavity 84 and the extrusion cavity 24 have the same axis and the same diameter. At the same time, multiple overheating holes 85 are arranged in a radial and circumferential array along the inner wall of the heating frame 81. The overheating holes 85 connect the installation cavity 83 and the heating cavity 84.

[0041] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The heating wire 82 is fixedly installed on the heating frame 81, and the heating wire 82 is located in the mounting cavity 83 and is used to heat the mounting cavity 83. Hot air heats the item located in the heating cavity 84 through the overheating hole 85, and at the same time, the hot air can also enter the extrusion cavity 24 to heat the extrusion cavity 24.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The extrusion mechanism 2 also includes a variable diameter mandrel 22 and an extrusion die 23. The axis of the variable diameter mandrel 22 coincides with the axis of the extrusion cylinder 21. The variable diameter mandrel 22 includes multiple cylindrical segments 221 and multiple transition segments 222 connected coaxially. Each transition segment 222 is coaxially connected to two adjacent cylindrical segments 221 at both ends, and the diameters at both ends are the same as the diameters of the two cylindrical segments 221. The diameters of the multiple cylindrical segments 221 decrease sequentially, and the cylindrical segment 221 closest to the second vertical part 13 has the smallest diameter. At the same time, the diameter of the cylindrical segment 221 with the largest diameter is greater than the diameter of the initial hole 15.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 A mounting cover 63 is coaxially fixed to the end of the heating tube 61 away from the extrusion cylinder 21. A first mounting hole 64 is coaxially opened at the end of the mounting cover 63 away from the heating tube 61. A second mounting hole 65 is coaxially opened on the end of the heating tube 61 on which the mounting cover 63 is installed, and the second mounting hole 65 communicates with the heating cavity 84. The diameters of the first mounting hole 64 and the second mounting hole 65 are the same as the diameter of the cylindrical segment 221 with the largest diameter.

[0044] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The heating mechanism 6 also includes a positioning component 9, which is disposed inside the mounting cover 63 and positions the variable diameter mandrel 22 under the action of elasticity. Multiple positioning components 9 are arranged in a circumferential array around the axis of the first mounting hole 64, and the multiple positioning components 9 make the axis of the variable diameter mandrel 22 coincide with the axis of the first mounting hole 64 and the second mounting hole 65.

[0045] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 The positioning component 9 includes a positioning block 91, a spring piece 92, a positioning roller 93, and a positioning ring 94. The positioning block 91 is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the mounting cover 63 along the direction of approaching or moving away from the variable diameter mandrel 22. The spring piece 92 is disposed on the mounting cover 63 and connected to the positioning block 91. The positioning roller 93 is rotatably mounted on the positioning block 91. Multiple positioning rollers 93 are pressed against the cylindrical section 221 or the transition section 222 under the elastic force of the spring piece 92 for positioning, so that the axis of the variable diameter mandrel 22 and the first mounting hole 64 are coincident. The positioning ring 94 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the mounting cover 63 where the first mounting hole 64 is opened, and the positioning ring 94 is arc-shaped and coincident with the axis of the first mounting hole 64.

[0046] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 After the variable diameter mandrel 22 passes through the first mounting hole 64, it enters between multiple positioning rollers 93. The movement of the variable diameter mandrel 22 pushes the multiple positioning rollers 93 to rotate, so that the variable diameter mandrel 22 enters the heating chamber 84 through the second mounting hole 65. After the variable diameter mandrel 22 moves away from the extrusion cylinder 21, it abuts against the positioning ring 94 for positioning. When the heating tube 61 and the variable diameter mandrel 22 are rotated to the vertical position, the variable diameter mandrel 22 presses against the positioning ring 94 for support and positioning, while the multiple positioning rollers 93 press against the variable diameter mandrel 22 for positioning.

[0047] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The extrusion die 23 is annular and its axis coincides with the axis of the heating chamber 84. The outer diameter of the extrusion die 23 is the same as the diameter of the heating chamber 84. A passage hole 29 for the variable diameter mandrel 22 to pass through is coaxially opened on the extrusion die 23. The extrusion die 23 is slidably installed on the heating chamber 84, and the diameter of the passage hole 29 is the same as the diameter of the cylindrical section 221 with the largest diameter.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 The length of the heating chamber 84 is greater than the length of the billet 14. The heating tube 61 is rotated to a vertical position. At this time, the heating chamber 84 is in a vertical position and the extrusion die 23 is slidably installed on the bottom of the heating chamber 84 for positioning. The positioning component 9 is pressed against the cylindrical section 221 for positioning. Then the billet 14 is placed in the heating chamber 84. The heating tube 61 rotates and abuts against the extrusion cylinder 21 for positioning. At this time, the heating chamber 84 and the extrusion chamber 24 are aligned, and the heat exchange hole 85 is connected to the heating chamber 84 located on the side of the billet 14 near the extrusion cylinder 21, so that hot air can directly enter the extrusion chamber 24 through the heating chamber 84 to heat the extrusion chamber 24.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5When the heating wire 82 is activated, it heats the air in the mounting cavity 83. The hot air enters the heating cavity 84 through the superheating hole 85 and heats the extrusion die 23, the variable diameter mandrel 22 and the billet 14 located in the heating cavity 84. At the same time, a gap is maintained between the billet 14 and the extrusion cylinder 21, so that the hot air enters the heating cavity 84 through the superheating hole 85. Then the hot air enters the extrusion cavity 24 through the heating cavity 84 and heats the extrusion cavity 24, so that the extrusion cavity 24, the billet 14, the extrusion die 23 and the variable diameter mandrel 22 are heated simultaneously.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The extrusion mechanism 2 also includes a first drive assembly 4 and a second drive assembly 5, which are used to drive the variable diameter mandrel 22 and the extrusion die 23 to move, respectively.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 After the first drive assembly 4 is activated, it moves the variable diameter mandrel 22 into the heating chamber 84. The hot air continues to heat the newly entered variable diameter mandrel 22. The variable diameter mandrel 22 pushes the blank 14 into the extrusion chamber 24 until the blank 14 abuts against the extrusion ring 27 for positioning. The variable diameter mandrel 22 continues to move through and extrude the initial hole 15, so that the variable diameter mandrel 22 passes through the forming hole 28 and extends into the avoidance hole 16 for avoidance. The second drive assembly 5 is activated, which moves the extrusion die 23 close to and extrudes the blank 14, so that the blank 14 fits against the variable diameter mandrel 22 to form a variable diameter hole and fits against the extrusion chamber 24 for positioning, thereby obtaining the shaft.

[0052] The variable diameter mandrel 22 moves away from the shaft. At this time, the extrusion die 23 presses against the shaft to maintain the original shape of the shaft. The extrusion die 23 moves away from the blank 14, so that the first drive assembly 4 and the second drive assembly 5 are respectively disengaged from the variable diameter mandrel 22 and the extrusion die 23. The variable diameter mandrel 22 and the extrusion die 23 both move onto the heating tube 61. The heating tube 61 turns to a vertical position. The extrusion ring 27 moves to push the shaft to fall off the extrusion chamber 24 to complete the unloading.

[0053] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The first drive assembly 4 includes a drive rod 41, a magnet 42, and an iron plate 43. The drive rod 41 is horizontally slidably mounted on the side wall of the first vertical part 12. The drive rod 41 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder or an electric actuator to provide power. When the variable diameter mandrel 22 is in a horizontal state and its axis coincides with that of the drive rod 41, the magnet 42 and the iron plate 43 are respectively embedded on the opposite ends of the drive rod 41 and the variable diameter mandrel 22. The diameter of the end of the variable diameter mandrel 22 where the iron plate 43 is mounted is larger than the diameter of the drive rod 41.

[0054] When the drive rod 41 approaches and abuts against the variable diameter core rod 22, the magnet 42 and the iron sheet 43 attract each other and connect the drive rod 41 and the variable diameter core rod 22. When the drive rod 41 moves back, it drives the variable diameter core rod 22 to move back. When the variable diameter core rod 22 abuts against the first vertical part 12, it is positioned. As the drive rod 41 continues to move back, the drive rod 41 disengages from the variable diameter core rod 22, thereby facilitating the rotation of the heating tube 61.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The second drive assembly 5 includes a moving rod 51, a connecting rod 52, a magnet 53, and an iron sheet 54. The moving rod 51 slides horizontally through the side wall of the second vertical part 13 and its sliding direction is parallel to the sliding direction of the drive rod 41. The connecting rod 52 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the extrusion mold 23 near the mounting cover 63. One or more connecting rods 52 and drive rods 41 are provided. Multiple connecting rods 52 and multiple drive rods 41 are provided in a one-to-one correspondence and are located on both sides of the drive rod 41. The connecting rod 52 slides through the heating tube 61 and the mounting cover 63 and extends to the outside of the mounting cover 63.

[0056] Magnet 53 and iron sheet 54 are respectively embedded on the opposite ends of the moving rod 51 and the connecting rod 52. When the moving rod 51 approaches and abuts against the connecting rod 52, magnet 53 and iron sheet 54 attract each other and connect the moving rod 51 and the connecting rod 52. When the moving rod 51 moves back, it moves the connecting rod 52 and the extrusion die 23 back. When the extrusion die 23 abuts against the heating chamber 84, it is fixed. As the moving rod 51 continues to move back, it disengages from the connecting rod 52, thereby facilitating the rotation of the heating tube 61.

[0057] The working principle of this application embodiment is as follows: Heating tube 61 is rotated to a vertical position, and billet 14 is placed into heating chamber 84. Heating tube 61 rotates and abuts against extrusion cylinder 21 for positioning. Heating wire 82 is activated to heat variable diameter mandrel 22, extrusion die 23, billet 14, and extrusion chamber 24. Drive rod 41 approaches variable diameter mandrel 22 and abuts against it. Magnet 42 and iron sheet 43 attract each other, connecting drive rod 41 and variable diameter mandrel 22. Drive rod 41 pushes variable diameter mandrel 22 to move, and variable diameter mandrel 22 pushes billet 14 to the extrusion chamber 24. The mandrel 22 is positioned inside the extrusion chamber 24 and against the extrusion ring 27. The mandrel 22 continues to move and extrudes the initial hole 15 of the blank 14. The moving rod 51 approaches the connecting rod 52 and abuts against each other. The magnet 53 and the iron sheet 54 attract each other and connect the moving rod 51 and the connecting rod 52. The moving rod 51 pushes the extrusion die 23 into the extrusion chamber 24 to extrude the blank 14, so that the blank 14 fits against the mandrel 22 and the extrusion chamber 24, thereby obtaining the extruded shaft.

[0058] The drive rod 41 moves back, the extrusion die 23 is used to maintain the original shape of the shaft, so that the variable diameter mandrel 22 abuts against the first vertical part 12 for positioning, the variable diameter mandrel 22 moves to the heating tube 61, and the drive rod 41 disengages from the variable diameter mandrel 22. The positioning component 9 is used to position the variable diameter mandrel 22. The moving rod 51 moves back, driving the extrusion die 23 to move back and abut against the heating chamber 84 for positioning. The moving rod 51 continues to move back, causing it to disengage from the connecting rod 52. The heating tube 61 rotates away from the extrusion cylinder 21 and turns to a vertical position. The moving column 26 drives the extrusion ring 27 to move and push the shaft to fall off the extrusion chamber 24 to complete the unloading. The extrusion ring 27 moves back to its original position, and then the above operation is repeated to extrude and form the shaft, thereby improving the efficiency of shaft production and reducing production costs.

[0059] This application discloses an extrusion molding method.

[0060] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The extrusion molding method includes the following steps: Feeding: Place the billet 14 into the heating tube 61, and start the rotating component 7 to drive the heating tube 61 to abut against the extrusion cylinder 21 for positioning; Heating: The heating wire 82 is activated to heat the billet 14, extrusion die 23 and variable diameter mandrel 22 located in the heating chamber 84 together, while hot air also enters the extrusion chamber 24 for heating. Moving extrusion: The first drive assembly 4 is activated to move the variable diameter mandrel 22 and push the billet 14 into the extrusion chamber 24 for positioning. Then the variable diameter mandrel 22 continues to move and passes through the billet 14. Then the second drive assembly 5 is activated to move the extrusion die 23 into the extrusion chamber 24 to extrude the billet 14 to form a shaft. The variable diameter mandrel 22 first moves away from the shaft, and then the extrusion die 23 moves away from the shaft. Discharge: The rotating component 7 starts and drives the heating tube 61 to rotate away from the extrusion cylinder 21. Then the moving component 3 starts and pushes the shaft to move out of the extrusion chamber 24 to complete the discharge.

[0061] The working principle of this application embodiment is as follows: The blank 14 is placed into the heating tube 61, which is positioned against the extrusion cylinder 21. The heating wire 82 is activated to heat the blank 14, the extrusion die 23, the variable diameter mandrel 22, and the extrusion chamber 24. The variable diameter mandrel 22 moves to push the blank 14 into the extrusion chamber 24 for positioning. Then, the variable diameter mandrel 22 continues to move, allowing it to pass through the blank 14. The extrusion die 23 then enters the extrusion chamber 24 to extrude the blank 14 to form a shaft.

[0062] The variable diameter mandrel 22 moves away from the blank 14 first, then the extrusion die 23 moves away from the blank 14. The rotating component 7 starts and drives the heating tube 61 to rotate away from the extrusion cylinder 21. Then the moving component 3 starts and pushes the blank 14 out of the extrusion chamber 24 to complete the discharge. This improves the convenience of loading, unloading and heating during the extrusion process, thereby improving the production quality and efficiency of the shaft and reducing the production cost.

[0063] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A hollow extrusion forming apparatus for an aero-engine shaft, characterized in that: Includes a base (1) and a pressing mechanism (2) disposed on the base (1), the pressing mechanism (2) comprising: The extrusion cylinder (21) is disposed on the base (1) and has a forming hole (28) at one end near the base (1) and is used to place the blank (14) with an initial hole (15). A variable diameter mandrel (22) passes sequentially through an initial hole (15) and a forming hole (28) from the end of the extrusion cylinder (21) away from the forming hole (28). The diameter of the initial hole (15) is smaller than the maximum diameter of the variable diameter mandrel (22). An extrusion die (23) is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the extrusion cylinder (21) from the end away from the forming hole (28) and is used to extrude the end of the billet (14) away from the forming hole (28) and make the billet (14) fit against the variable diameter mandrel (22) for forming. The extrusion die (23) is provided with a passage hole (29) for the variable diameter mandrel (22) to pass through. The first drive assembly (4) and the second drive assembly (5) are used to drive the variable diameter mandrel (22) and the extrusion die (23) to move, respectively. The extrusion cylinder (21) is provided with a heating mechanism (6), the heating mechanism (6) includes: A heating tube (61) is rotatably mounted on the end of the extrusion cylinder (21) away from the base (1) and the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the axis of the extrusion cylinder (21). An extrusion chamber (24) for placing the blank (14) is opened inside the extrusion cylinder (21). A heating chamber (84) for placing the blank (14) is opened inside the heating tube (61). After the heating tube (61) rotates, it abuts against the extrusion cylinder (21) for positioning and makes the heating chamber (84) and the extrusion chamber (24) aligned and connected and have the same diameter. Alternatively, after the heating tube (61) rotates, it moves away from the extrusion cylinder (21) so that the blank (14) can be added into the heating chamber (84). Rotating assembly (7), which is disposed on the extrusion cylinder (21) and is used to drive the heating tube (61) to rotate; Heating assembly (8), which is disposed on extrusion cylinder (21) and used to heat heating chamber (84) and extrusion chamber (24); Positioning component (9) is disposed on heating tube (61) and positions variable diameter mandrel (22) under elastic force; extrusion die (23) and variable diameter mandrel (22) are slidably mounted on heating chamber (84) before entering extrusion chamber (24); When the blank (14) needs to be extruded, the first drive assembly (4) and the second drive assembly (5) are connected to the variable diameter mandrel (22) and the extrusion die (23) respectively; when the heating tube (61) needs to rotate away from the extrusion cylinder (21), the first drive assembly (4) and the second drive assembly (5) are disengaged from the variable diameter mandrel (22) and the extrusion die (23) respectively to avoid displacement.

2. The hollow extrusion forming apparatus for an aero-engine shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extrusion cylinder (21) is fixedly installed on the side of the second vertical part (13) near the first vertical part (12). One end of the base (1) is provided with an extrusion hole (25). An extrusion ring (27) is slidably installed on the extrusion hole (25) along the axis of the extrusion cylinder (21). The forming hole (28) is located on the extrusion ring (27). The base (1) is provided with a moving component (3) for driving the extrusion ring (27) to move.

3. The hollow extrusion forming apparatus for an aero-engine shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating assembly (7) includes: Two rotating blocks (71) are rotatably mounted on the heating tube (61) and the extrusion cylinder (21); Telescopic component (72), which is connected to two rotating blocks (71) and is used to drive the heating tube (61) to rotate.

4. The hollow extrusion forming apparatus for an aero-engine shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating component (8) includes: A heating frame (81) is provided on the inner wall of the heating tube (61) and a mounting cavity (83) is formed between the heating frame (81) and the inner wall of the heating tube (61). A heating cavity (84) is formed on the inner wall of the heating tube (61). A plurality of heat exchange holes (85) are evenly provided on the heating frame (81) to connect the mounting cavity (83) and the heating cavity (84). Heating wire (82) is disposed on heating frame (81) and located in mounting cavity (83).

5. The hollow extrusion forming apparatus for an aero-engine shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the heating tube (61) abuts against the extrusion cylinder (21), it is in a horizontal state and is positioned after being rotated to a vertical state by the rotating component (7). The length of the heating chamber (84) is greater than the length of the billet (14). When the billet (14) is placed on the heating chamber (84) and the heating tube (61) abuts against the extrusion cylinder (21), the overheating hole (85) is connected to the heating chamber (84) located on the side of the billet (14) close to the extrusion cylinder (21) and allows hot air to enter the extrusion chamber (24) for heating.

6. The aero-engine shaft hollow extrusion forming apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple positioning components (9) are arranged in a circumferential array around the axis of the heating tube (61), and the positioning components (9) include: A positioning block (91) is slidably mounted on the heating tube (61) in a direction close to or away from the variable diameter mandrel (22); A spring sheet (92) is disposed on the heating tube (61) and connected to the positioning block (91); Positioning roller (93), which is rotatably mounted on positioning block (91) and presses against variable diameter mandrel (22) under the elastic force of spring sheet (92) for positioning; Positioning ring (94) is set on heating tube (61). When the variable diameter mandrel (22) moves away from the shaft, it abuts against the positioning ring (94) for positioning. After the heating tube (61) rotates away from the extrusion cylinder (21), the variable diameter mandrel (22) presses against the positioning ring (94) for support and positioning.

7. The hollow extrusion forming apparatus for an aero-engine shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first driving component (4) includes: A drive rod (41) is slidably disposed on the base (1) in a direction close to or away from the variable diameter mandrel (22); Magnet 1 (42) and iron sheet 1 (43) are respectively set on the opposite end of the drive rod (41) and the variable diameter mandrel (22) and are closely attached together for positioning; the drive rod (41) drives the variable diameter mandrel (22) to abut against the base (1) for positioning; the drive rod (41) continues to move so that the drive rod (41) and the variable diameter mandrel (22) are separated and used to avoid the heating tube (61) when it rotates.

8. The hollow extrusion forming apparatus for an aero-engine shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second driving component (5) includes: A movable rod (51) is slidably disposed on the base (1) in a direction close to or away from the extrusion die (23); A connecting rod (52) is provided on the extrusion die (23); Magnet 2 (53) and iron sheet 2 (54) are respectively set on opposite ends of moving rod (51) and connecting rod (52) and are closely attached together for positioning; extrusion mold (23) is positioned against heating chamber (84) and the moving rod (51) and connecting rod (52) are disengaged as moving rod (51) continues to move.

9. An extrusion molding method using the extrusion molding apparatus according to any one of claims 4-8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Feeding: Place the billet (14) into the heating tube (61), and start the rotating component (7) to drive the heating tube (61) to abut against the extrusion cylinder (21) for positioning; Heating: The heating wire (82) is activated to heat the billet (14), extrusion die (23) and variable diameter mandrel (22) located in the heating chamber (84) together, while hot air also enters the extrusion chamber (24) for heating; Moving extrusion: The first drive assembly (4) starts and drives the variable diameter mandrel (22) to move and push the billet (14) into the extrusion chamber (24) for positioning. Then the variable diameter mandrel (22) continues to move and passes through the billet (14). Then the second drive assembly (5) starts and drives the extrusion die (23) into the extrusion chamber (24) to extrude the billet (14) to form a shaft. The variable diameter mandrel (22) moves away from the shaft first, and then the extrusion die (23) moves away from the shaft. Discharge: The rotating component (7) starts and drives the heating tube (61) to rotate away from the extrusion cylinder (21). Then the moving component (3) starts and pushes the shaft to move out of the extrusion chamber (24) to complete the discharge.

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