Optical fiber-avoiding perforation device and method for directional well

Abstract

The method comprises the steps that an optical cable protector fixes an optical cable to the outer wall of a directional well casing pipe, and the casing pipe and the optical cable are put into an open hole well together and then well cementation is conducted; the supporting and positioning device is anchored on the inner wall of the directional well casing; the positioning and guiding fishing device is arranged on the supporting and positioning device, and the tail end of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun is connected with the positioning and guiding fishing device; the positioning and guiding fishing device, the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun and the headstall form an integral gun string; the MOT magnetic directional logging instrument is placed in the directional well to measure the position of the optical cable protector, and the bending and twisting of the optical cable are measured. The method is high in reliability, simple, efficient and safe, an MOT magnetic directional logging tool is tripped into a casing to measure an optical cable protector outside the casing to obtain an optical fiber gravity tool face angle, a zero-phase single-wing perforating gun is combined with a gyro gravity directional perforation process to implement perforation avoiding operation, it is ensured that an optical fiber is not damaged in the perforation process, and the perforation efficiency is improved. And accurate optical fiber-avoiding perforation of the directional well can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas field perforation, and relates to a directional well optical fiber-avoiding perforation device and method. Background Art

[0002] The operation method of laying an optical cable outside the casing and lowering it into the open hole together with the casing, and keeping it permanently in the well after cementing is called permanent fiber optic monitoring outside the casing. The armored special optical cable laid along the wellbore is connected to the mobile ground equipment to realize the full-scale and all-round collection of downhole information along the wellbore. According to the needs, the reservoir parameters and production profile changes can be continuously monitored all day or in different time periods, providing a basis for the development of oil and gas fields. The advantages of low cost, safety, high efficiency and intelligence make it a promising intelligent geophysical technology. However, how to ensure the safe opening of the reservoir by perforating without damaging the optical cable has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved for permanent fiber optic monitoring outside the casing, especially the need to avoid fiber perforation in directional wells is more urgent. Therefore, some people have proposed to use the acoustic principle to place a battery-driven sound generator next to the armored optical cable, which will emit sound signals at regular intervals under the drive of the battery, and then connect the head end of the armored optical cable to a distributed optical fiber acoustic sensor (DAS) modem placed at the wellhead. By measuring the sound wave signal distributed along the armored optical cable downhole and calculating the depth position and geographical orientation of the downhole sound generator in the well, the specific depth position and geographical orientation of the armored optical cable placed next to the downhole sound generator can be basically determined, and the perforating gun can be designed to implement avoidance perforation. However, the sound wave signal is easily interfered with and only provides directional guidance for avoidance optical fiber perforation, and the avoidance perforation method is not fully and clearly explained. Some people also proposed to place a pipe column with a magnetic marker seat on the outer wall in the well, and fix the optical cable on the magnetic marker seat along the length direction of the pipe column. After cementing, a positioning device is used to extend into the pipe column and move along it, detect and record the position information of the magnetic marker seat to obtain the distribution map of the optical cable direction, so as to lower the radial hole device and refer to the distribution map of the optical cable direction to avoid the optical cable of the target pipe section for perforation operation to prevent damage to the optical cable. The method for preventing damage to the optical cable perforation of the pipe column requires setting a magnetic marker seat on the outer wall of the pipe column in advance. The positioning device used has a complex mechanical structure. The process of detecting and recording the magnetic marker seat in sequence is time-consuming and cumbersome. The detection result is greatly affected by the column shaft structure and the working state of the sensor. The subsequent perforation operation is affected by many factors. The reliability of avoiding optical fiber perforation is low, and the risk of breaking the optical fiber is high.

[0003] At the same time, some people have proposed laying a special armored optical cable outside the metal casing, loading alternating current into the continuous metal tube at the wellhead, and the wellhead ground logging vehicle controlling the downhole three-component electromagnetic induction detector through the armored logging cable. The induced magnetic field distributed along the special armored optical cable is detected by a gyroscope and a three-component induction magnetic field sensor, thereby determining the specific depth position and geographical orientation of the armored optical cable outside the metal casing along the casing, so as to ensure that the permanent special armored optical cable installed on the outside of the metal casing of vertical wells, inclined wells and horizontal wells will not be broken by the perforating bullet during perforating. The electromagnetic induction outer casing armored optical cable directional system mainly lays a special armored optical cable with a conductive metal tube underground, supplies power to the optical cable through the wellhead, and lowers an electromagnetic induction detection instrument to measure the geographical orientation and depth position of the optical cable after power supply, so as to provide a basis for the perforating gun to adjust the jet direction and thus achieve fiber-avoiding perforating. It requires a special armored optical cable, which needs to be laid in advance when the casing is lowered, and the optical cable needs to be powered and the instrument needs to be lowered for detection at the wellhead. The process is relatively complicated, the induced magnetic field signal is easily interfered with, and the subsequent fiber-avoiding perforating operation method is not fully explained in the provided method, and the reliability lacks effective verification. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art that fiber-avoiding perforating has low reliability, high risk of fiber breaking, complicated procedures, induced magnetic field signals are easily disturbed, and subsequent fiber-avoiding perforating operation methods are not fully explained, and to provide a directional well fiber-avoiding perforating device and method.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A directional well fiber-optic perforating device, comprising: an optical cable protector, an optical cable, an MOT magnetic directional logging instrument, a gyro inclinometer, a positioning and guiding fishing device, a supporting and positioning device, a zero-phase single-wing perforating gun, a directional well casing and a bridle;

[0007] The optical cable protector fixes the optical cable on the outer wall of the directional well casing, and the directional well casing is set on the outside of the directional well; the supporting positioning device is anchored on the inner wall of the directional well casing; the positioning guide fishing device is set on the supporting positioning device, and the tail end of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun is connected to the positioning guide fishing device; the positioning guide fishing device, the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun and the bridle constitute an integral gun string;

[0008] The MOT magnetic directional logging instrument is placed inside the directional well to measure the orientation of the optical cable protector and the bending and twisting of the optical cable; the gyro inclinometer is placed on the support and positioning device, and the positioning key slot gravity tool face angle data of the support and positioning device is measured to verify the stability of the support and positioning device; the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun perforates the directional well, and the blasthole jet orientation inside the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun is oriented to a fixed orientation.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention is:

[0010] Furthermore, the bridle is externally connected to a lifting cable, and the lifting cable is used to lift out the entire gun string after the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun performs perforating.

[0011] Furthermore, after the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun perforates the directional well, the depth of the perforated well section is checked by a magnetic positioning device. At the same time, an optical time domain reflectometer and an optical fiber acquisition system are used to connect the permanent optical cable outside the casing to determine whether the optical fiber length and loss meet the integrity requirements.

[0012] Furthermore, when the gyro inclinometer and the supporting positioning device are docked, it is necessary to repeat it for no less than three times, and the data deviation does not exceed 5° to ensure that the gyro inclinometer and the supporting positioning device are fully aligned.

[0013] Furthermore, the perforating position of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun is the perforating section, and the perforating section is the target depth corresponding to the blasthole.

[0014] Furthermore, the blast holes are arranged linearly along the axis of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun, and the phase difference between the blast holes is 0°; the jet direction of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun is directed back to the azimuth of the optical cable to perform perforation, and the back angle should be selected to be 135-225° with the azimuth of the optical cable.

[0015] Furthermore, the MOT magnetic directional logging tool measures the high count rate of the metal mass of the optical cable protector through a directional receiver, reads the gravity tool face at this time through a dual-axis accelerometer, and then determines the gravity tool face angle of the optical cable protector to obtain the optical cable orientation.

[0016] A directional well perforating method avoiding optical fiber, comprising:

[0017] Step 1: Based on the optical time domain reflectometer and the optical fiber acquisition system, the permanent optical cable applied outside the pre-drilled directional well casing is connected to determine whether the optical fiber length and loss meet the integrity requirements;

[0018] Step 2: Based on the cable transmission method, the MOT magnetic directional logging tool is lowered into the well to measure the azimuth of the optical cable protector, and data is collected by point measurement within the range of the entire designed perforation section. The MOT magnetic directional logging tool is pulled out, and the optical cable gravity tool face angle is obtained after processing and interpreting the data;

[0019] Step 3: Based on the cable transmission method, the support and positioning device is lowered into the wellbore through the depth calibration ignition and delivery tool, the ignition depth is calculated according to the zero length, the depth of the support and positioning device is adjusted, and then the ignition and release are performed, and the support and positioning device is anchored at the designed depth, and the depth calibration ignition and delivery tool is pulled out;

[0020] Step 4: Lower the gyro inclinometer with the guide positioning device into the wellbore, slowly insert the tail end of the gyro inclinometer into the upper end of the support positioning device, ensure that the guide positioning device and the positioning key slot seat key of the support positioning device are stable, measure the positioning key slot gravity tool face angle data of the support positioning body, and pull out the gyro inclinometer;

[0021] Step 5: Connect the positioning guide fishing device to the tail end of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun, use a compass on the ground to adjust the borehole jet azimuth, and determine the adjusted jet angle based on the support positioning device positioning keyway gravity tool face angle data and the optical cable gravity tool face angle data measured by the gyro inclinometer, ensuring that after adjustment, the gun string is behind the positioning keyway seat key of the well and the support positioning device, and the perforating gun borehole direction is 135-225° away from the optical cable;

[0022] Step 6: Lower the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun with the positioning guide fishing device into the wellbore, insert the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun into the upper end of the supporting positioning device, ensure that the positioning key slot seat key of the guiding positioning device and the supporting positioning device is stable, ignite and detonate the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun through the ignition device on the ground, and pull out the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun;

[0023] Step 7: Lower the magnetic positioning device to check whether the depth of the perforated well section is accurate. At the same time, use the optical time domain reflectometer and the fiber optic acquisition system to connect the permanent optical cable outside the casing to determine whether the optical fiber length and loss meet the integrity requirements.

[0024] Furthermore, when the gyro inclinometer and the supporting positioning device are docked, it is necessary to repeat it for no less than three times, and the data deviation does not exceed 5° to ensure that the gyro inclinometer and the supporting positioning device are fully aligned.

[0025] Furthermore, the blast holes are arranged linearly along the axis of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun, and the phase difference between the blast holes is 0°.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The present invention lowers the MOT magnetic directional logging tool into the casing to measure the optical cable protector outside the casing to obtain the optical fiber gravity tool face angle, and uses a zero-phase single-wing perforating gun combined with a gyro gravity directional perforating process to implement the perforation avoidance operation, thereby ensuring that the optical fiber is not damaged during the perforating process. The invention has high reliability, is simple, efficient and safe, and can realize accurate optical fiber avoidance perforating in directional wells.

[0028] Furthermore, the present invention realizes a method for avoiding optical fiber perforating in directional wells by utilizing the gravity tool face angle principle and the guiding positioning mechanical structure. The MOT magnetic directional logging tool, the gyro inclinometer, the support positioning device, the guiding positioning device, and the positioning guiding fishing combination are used to perform avoiding optical fiber perforating in accordance with specific implementation steps. There are no special requirements for the optical cable, and it is not affected by factors such as the outer diameter, length, and number of times the perforating gun is lowered into the well. It can achieve precise avoiding optical fiber perforating in directional wells and has obvious technical advantages. Combining this process with the research on permanent optical fiber monitoring outside the casing has good promotion prospects in assisting the construction of smart oil fields, and can also provide technical ideas for avoiding optical fiber perforating operations such as horizontal wells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the downhole structure of the optical fiber-avoiding directional perforating method of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the directional well perforating method avoiding optical fiber of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the selection of the optical fiber perforation orientation in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the MOT detection result of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is the signal detected by distributed optical fiber vibration sensing (DAS) technology during perforating.

[0035] Among them, 1-optical cable protector; 2-optical cable; 3-blasthole; 4-positioning guidance fishing device; 5-support positioning device; 6-perforating section; 7-zero-phase single-wing perforating gun; 8-directional well casing; 9-bridle; 10-lifting cable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0037] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] In addition, if the term "horizontal" appears, it does not mean that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", which does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0043] See also Figure 1 The present invention discloses a directional well fiber-avoiding perforating device, comprising: an optical cable protector 1, an optical cable 2, a MOT magnetic directional logging instrument, a gyro inclinometer, a positioning and guiding fishing device 4, a supporting and positioning device 5, a zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7, a directional well casing 8 and a bridle 9;

[0044] The optical cable protector 1 fixes the optical cable 2 on the outer wall of the directional well casing 8, and the directional well casing 8 is sleeved on the outside of the directional well; the supporting and positioning device 5 is anchored on the inner wall of the directional well casing 8; the positioning and guiding fishing device 4 is arranged on the supporting and positioning device 5, and the tail end of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 is connected to the positioning and guiding fishing device 4; the positioning and guiding fishing device 4, the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 and the bridle 9 constitute an integral gun string;

[0045] The MOT magnetic directional logging instrument is placed inside the directional well to measure the orientation of the optical cable protector 1 and the bending and twisting of the optical cable 2; the gyro inclinometer is placed on the supporting positioning device 5 and measures the positioning keyway gravity tool face angle data of the supporting positioning device 5 to verify the stability of the supporting positioning device 5; the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 perforates the directional well, and the jet orientation of the blasthole 3 inside the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 is oriented toward a fixed orientation.

[0046] The bridle 9 is externally connected to a lifting cable 10, and the lifting cable 10 is used to lift out the entire gun string after the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 performs perforation.

[0047] After the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 perforates the directional well, the magnetic positioning device is used to check whether the depth of the perforated well section is accurate. At the same time, the optical time domain reflectometer and the optical fiber acquisition system are used to connect the permanent optical cable 2 applied outside the casing to determine whether the optical fiber length and loss meet the integrity requirements. When the gyro inclinometer and the support positioning device 5 are docked, it is necessary to repeat at least three times, and the data deviation does not exceed 5° to ensure that the gyro inclinometer and the support positioning device 5 are completely aligned. The perforation position of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 is the perforation section 6, and the perforation section 6 is the target depth corresponding to the blasthole 3.

[0048] The blast holes 3 are arranged linearly along the axis of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7, and the phase difference between the blast holes is 0°; the jet direction of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 is directed away from the azimuth of the optical cable 2 to perform perforation, and the back angle should be 135-225° with the gravity azimuth of the optical cable 2.

[0049] The MOT magnetic directional logging tool measures the mass high count rate of the optical cable protector 1 through a directional receiver, reads the gravity tool face at this time through a dual-axis accelerometer, and then determines the gravity tool face angle of the optical cable protector to obtain the optical cable orientation.

[0050] See also Figure 2 The present invention discloses a directional well perforating method avoiding optical fiber, comprising:

[0051] Step 1: Based on the optical time domain reflectometer and the optical fiber acquisition system, the permanent optical cable 2 applied outside the directional well casing of the pre-perforated hole is connected to determine whether the optical fiber length and loss meet the integrity requirements;

[0052] Step 2: Based on the cable transmission method, the MOT magnetic directional logging tool is lowered into the well to measure the azimuth of the optical cable protector 1, and point measurement and data collection are performed within the range of the entire designed perforation section. The MOT magnetic directional logging tool is pulled out, and the optical cable gravity tool face angle is obtained after processing and interpreting the data;

[0053] Step 3: Based on the cable transmission method, the support and positioning device 5 is lowered into the wellbore through the depth calibration ignition delivery tool, the ignition depth is calculated according to the zero length, the depth of the support and positioning device 5 is adjusted, and then the ignition is released, and it is anchored at the designed depth, and the depth calibration ignition delivery tool is pulled out;

[0054] Step 4: lower the gyro inclinometer with the guide positioning device into the wellbore, slowly insert the tail end of the gyro inclinometer into the upper end of the support positioning device 5, ensure that the guide positioning device and the positioning key slot seat key of the support positioning device 5 are stable, measure the positioning key slot gravity tool face angle data of the support positioning body, and pull out the gyro inclinometer;

[0055] Step 5: Connect the positioning guide fishing device 4 to the tail end of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7, use a compass on the ground to adjust the jet direction of the blasthole 3, and determine the adjusted jet angle according to the positioning keyway gravity tool face angle data of the support positioning device 5 and the optical cable gravity tool face angle data measured by the gyro inclinometer, to ensure that after adjustment, the gun string is keyed to the positioning keyway seat of the support positioning device 5 into the well, and the blasthole direction of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 is 135-225° away from the optical cable;

[0056] Step 6: lower the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 with the positioning guide fishing device into the wellbore, insert the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 into the upper end of the supporting positioning device 5, ensure that the positioning key slot seat keys of the guiding positioning device and the supporting positioning device 5 are stable, ignite and detonate the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 on the ground through the ignition device, and pull out the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7;

[0057] Step 7: Run the magnetic positioning device to check whether the depth of the perforated well section is accurate. At the same time, use the optical time domain reflectometer and the fiber optic acquisition system to connect the permanent optical cable 2 outside the casing to determine whether the optical fiber length and loss meet the integrity requirements.

[0058] When the gyro inclinometer and the support positioning device 5 are docked, it is necessary to repeat it for no less than three times, and the data deviation does not exceed 5° to ensure that the gyro inclinometer and the support positioning device 5 are completely aligned. The blast holes 3 are arranged linearly along the axial direction of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7, and the phase difference between the blast holes is 0°.

[0059] Embodiment: This embodiment provides a directional well avoidance optical fiber perforation method, wherein the MOT magnetic directional logging tool is lowered into the casing of the W1 well through cable transmission to measure the optical cable protector outside the casing to obtain the optical fiber gravity tool face angle, and the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 is used in combination with the gyro gravity directional perforating process to implement the avoidance operation. The W1 well is a directional development well in a certain oil field, with a completed well depth of 1602m and a maximum well inclination of 40.00°. A multi-core optical cable is laid outside the casing, and 134 matching optical cable protectors are used, such as Figure 1 The optical cable protector 1 fixes the optical cable on the outer wall 8 of the casing. The target layer sections for perforation are designed to be 1480-1483m and 1517-1520.5m. When the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 is lowered to avoid perforation, two perforating operations need to be performed separately. The specific steps are as follows:

[0060] Step 1: Fiber integrity detection;

[0061] The external permanent optical cable 2 is connected to the directional well casing 8 of the pre-perforated hole of the W1 well by using an optical time domain reflectometer and an optical fiber acquisition system. Figure 1 , the connector of the optical cable 2 extending out of the ground can be connected to an optical time domain reflectometer and an optical fiber acquisition system to detect whether the optical fiber length and loss meet the integrity requirements;

[0062] Step 2: Optical fiber position detection;

[0063] The MOT magnetic directional logging tool was lowered into the well to measure the depth of 1460-1540m for the optical cable protector 1 to conduct azimuth test, and the information of 7 measurement points was collected, such as Figure 4 The measurement results show that the measurement point data is highly discrete, with the maximum angle difference of 200°, indicating that the optical cable has a large degree of torsion and twisting. The depth points in the range of 90° to 180° gravity tool face angle account for 42.86%, the depth points in the range of 180° to 270° gravity tool face angle account for 42.86%, and the depth points in the range of 270° to 360° gravity tool face angle account for 14.28%.

[0064] Step 3, releasing the supporting positioning device;

[0065] Use cable transmission to lower the support positioning device 5 into the wellbore through the depth calibration ignition delivery tool, calculate the ignition depth according to the zero length, adjust the depth of the support positioning device 5 and then ignite and release it. After release, the support positioning device 5 is anchored at the designed depth, such as Figure 1 , the support and positioning device 5 is anchored on the inner wall of the casing, and the depth calibration ignition and delivery tool is pulled out;

[0066] Step 4: gyro inclinometer logging;

[0067] Lower the gyro inclinometer with the guide positioning device into the wellbore, slowly insert the tail end of the gyro inclinometer into the upper end of the positioning device, ensure that the guide positioning device and the positioning key slot seat key of the support positioning device 5 are stable, measure the positioning key slot gravity tool face angle data of the support positioning body, and pull out the gyro inclinometer;

[0068] Step 5, adjust the jet direction;

[0069] The positioning and guiding fishing device 4 is connected to the tail end of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 by cable transmission, such as Figure 1 The positioning and guiding fishing device 4, the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 and the bridle 9 equipped with magnetic positioning form an integral gun string. The compass is used on the ground to adjust the blasthole jet direction. The average value of the point measurement data closest to the perforating section is converted to obtain the optical fiber direction of about 160° and 181°, and the jet direction is set to 340° and 1°. Figure 3 The jet direction of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 is selected to be at an angle of 135-225° with the optical cable protector 1 arranged on the outer wall 8 of the casing for protecting and fixing the optical cable 2. In the first shot operation, the jet direction of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun with a positioning guide fishing device is set to the expected gravity tool face angle of 340° after keying. Figure 1 , the jet direction of blasthole 3 is towards a fixed direction.

[0070] Step six, perforating operation;

[0071] like Figure 1 , lower the fishing device 4 with positioning guidance into the well, slowly insert the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 into the upper end of the supporting positioning device 5, and align the seat key with the supporting positioning device 5 to ensure that the positioning key slot seat key of the guiding positioning device and the supporting positioning device 5 are stable, ignite and detonate the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 through the ignition device on the ground, and use the distributed optical fiber sensor (DAS) on the ground to collect the permanent optical cable 2 applied outside the casing to synchronously monitor the perforating signal, see Figure 5 , confirm that the optical fiber acoustic wave signal is clear, the transmission is intact, and it is not damaged. When the positioning guide fishing device 4 is ignited, the anchored support positioning device 5 can be unanchored and hung, and the cable 10 is lifted to pull out the entire gun string consisting of the positioning guide fishing device 4, the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 and the bridle 9 equipped with magnetic positioning;

[0072] Step 7: Verify the perforation effect;

[0073] Run the magnetic positioning device to check that the depth of the perforated section meets the design and is accurate. Figure 1 , perforation section 6 is the target depth corresponding to the blasthole;

[0074] Step 8, second shot operation;

[0075] The jet direction of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun 7 with a positioning and guiding fishing device is set to the expected gravity tool face angle of 1° after keying, and steps six and seven are repeated to complete the second perforating operation.

[0076] The optical cable protector is a metal device used to fix and protect the optical cable and prevent the optical cable from being damaged by twisting and squeezing. It is installed on the outer wall of the casing at a certain interval, and is permanently retained in the well after being cemented into the open hole with the casing. The optical cable protector is used to protect one side of the optical cable, and the thickness or mass is usually the highest in the circumference of the ring pipe string.

[0077] The MOT magnetic directional logging tool measures the change of the metal mass count rate in the annular space of the instrument after one rotation through a directional receiver. For the orientation of the optical cable protector, it is displayed as a high mass count rate. The gravity tool face angle at this time is read by a dual-axis accelerometer to determine the gravity tool face angle of the optical cable protector and obtain the optical cable orientation.

[0078] The MOT magnetic directional logging tool obtains point measurement data during measurement, which needs to be corrected for depth and analyzed for data repeatability. The difference in high side angle between the main measurement point and the repeated measurement point is required to be less than 5°.

[0079] The supporting positioning device, the guide device installed at the tail end of the gyro inclinometer, and the positioning guide fishing device installed at the tail end of the perforating gun all need to be used in conjunction with each other. The positioning key slot on the supporting positioning device can be respectively connected with the guide device and the positioning guide fishing device to achieve docking keys, ensuring that the gravity tool face angle data read after keying are consistent;

[0080] The gravity tool face angle is a basic parameter of the instrument's own attitude calculated by the accelerometer inside the instrument. It is defined as the angle between the X-axis and the vertical line of the earth's gravity. The reading range is -180° to 180°. The reading method is 0° to +180° clockwise facing the downhole instrument, and 0° to -180° counterclockwise. It can also be expressed by rotating 360° clockwise.

[0081] The MOT magnetic directional logging tool needs to be tested on the ground using a short casing and a cable protector of the same material and size as the pre-perforated well before being lowered into the well, simulating the perforation section well inclination test to verify the accuracy and repeatability of the collected data;

[0082] The gyro inclinometer needs to be calibrated before going down the well to check whether the accuracy of the slope, geographic orientation, and gravity tool face angle meets the index requirements;

[0083] When the gyro inclinometer with the guiding positioning device is put into the well and the key is connected to the support positioning device, it needs to be repeated for no less than three times, and the data deviation is less than 5° to ensure complete keying;

[0084] The zero-phase single-wing perforating gun holes are arranged linearly along the axis of the perforating gun, and the phase difference between the holes is 0°;

[0085] The zero-phase single-wing perforating gun performs perforation with the jet direction facing away from the optical cable orientation, and the back-facing angle should be 135-225° with the optical cable orientation.

[0086] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A directional well perforating device avoiding optical fiber, characterized in that: include: Optical cable protector (1), optical cable (2), MOT magnetic directional logging instrument, gyro inclinometer, positioning and guiding fishing device (4), supporting and positioning device (5), zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7), directional well casing (8) and bridle (9); The optical cable protector (1) fixes the optical cable (2) on the outer wall of the directional well casing (8), and the directional well casing (8) is sleeved on the outside of the directional well; the supporting and positioning device (5) is anchored on the inner wall of the directional well casing (8); the positioning and guiding fishing device (4) is arranged on the supporting and positioning device (5), and the tail end of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7) is connected to the positioning and guiding fishing device (4); the positioning and guiding fishing device (4), the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7) and the bridle (9) constitute an integral gun string; The MOT magnetic directional logging instrument is placed inside the directional well to measure the orientation of the optical cable protector (1) and the bending and twisting of the optical cable (2); the gyro inclinometer is placed on the support positioning device (5) and measures the positioning keyway gravity tool face angle data of the support positioning device (5) to verify the stability of the support positioning device (5); the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7) perforates the directional well, and the jet orientation of the blasthole (3) inside the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7) faces a fixed orientation.

2. The directional well avoiding optical fiber perforating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bridle (9) is externally connected to a lifting cable (10), and the lifting cable (10) is used to lift out the entire gun string after the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7) performs perforation.

3. The directional well avoiding optical fiber perforating device according to claim 2, characterized in that: After the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7) perforates the directional well, a magnetic positioning device is used to check whether the depth of the perforated well section is accurate. At the same time, an optical time domain reflectometer and an optical fiber acquisition system are used to connect the permanent optical cable (2) coated outside the casing to determine whether the optical fiber length and loss meet the integrity requirements.

4. The directional well perforating device avoiding optical fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the gyro inclinometer and the supporting positioning device (5) are docked, the process needs to be repeated no less than three times, with the data deviation not exceeding 5°, to ensure that the gyro inclinometer and the supporting positioning device (5) are fully docked.

5. The directional well avoiding optical fiber perforating device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The perforating position of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7) is the perforating section (6), and the perforating section (6) is the target depth corresponding to the blasthole (3).

6. The directional well perforating device avoiding optical fiber according to claim 5, characterized in that: The blast holes (3) are arranged in a linear manner along the axis of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7), and the phase difference between the blast holes is 0°; the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7) performs perforation with the jet direction facing away from the azimuth of the optical cable (2), and the back-facing angle should be selected to be 135-225° with the azimuth of the optical cable (2).

7. The directional well perforating device avoiding optical fiber according to claim 6, characterized in that: The MOT magnetic directional logging tool measures the metal mass high count rate of the optical cable protector (1) through a directional receiver, reads the gravity tool face at this time through a dual-axis accelerometer, and then determines the gravity tool face angle of the optical cable protector to obtain the optical cable orientation.

8. A directional well perforating method avoiding optical fiber according to claim 7, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Using an optical time domain reflectometer and an optical fiber acquisition system, a permanent optical cable (2) applied outside the casing of a pre-drilled directional well is connected to determine whether the optical fiber length and loss meet the integrity requirements; Step 2: Based on the cable transmission method, the MOT magnetic directional logging tool is lowered into the well to measure the position of the optical cable protector (1), and data is collected by point measurement within the range of the entire designed perforation section. The MOT magnetic directional logging tool is pulled out, and the optical cable gravity tool face angle is obtained after processing and interpreting the data; Step 3: Based on the cable transmission method, the support and positioning device (5) is lowered into the wellbore through the depth calibration ignition and delivery tool, the ignition depth is calculated according to the zero length, the depth of the support and positioning device (5) is adjusted, and then ignition and release are performed, and the support and positioning device (5) is anchored at the designed depth, and the depth calibration ignition and delivery tool is pulled out; Step 4: lower the gyro inclinometer with the guide positioning device into the wellbore, slowly insert the tail end of the gyro inclinometer into the upper end of the support positioning device (5), ensure that the guide positioning device and the positioning key slot seat key of the support positioning device (5) are stable, measure the positioning key slot gravity tool face angle data of the support positioning body, and pull out the gyro inclinometer; Step 5: Connect the positioning guide fishing device (4) to the tail end of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7), use a compass on the ground to adjust the jet direction of the blasthole (3), and determine the adjusted jet angle according to the support positioning device (5) positioning keyway gravity tool face angle data and the optical cable gravity tool face angle data measured by the gyro inclinometer, to ensure that after adjustment, the gun string is keyed to the positioning keyway seat of the support positioning device (5) into the well, and the perforating gun blasthole direction is 135-225 degrees away from the optical cable; Step 6: lower the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7) with the positioning guide fishing device into the wellbore, insert the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7) into the upper end of the supporting positioning device (5), ensure that the positioning key slots of the guiding positioning device and the supporting positioning device (5) are firmly connected, ignite and detonate the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7) through the ignition device on the ground, and pull out the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7); Step 7: Run the magnetic positioning device to check whether the depth of the perforated well section is accurate. At the same time, use the optical time domain reflectometer and the optical fiber acquisition system to connect the permanent optical cable (2) outside the casing to determine whether the optical fiber length and loss meet the integrity requirements.

9. The directional well perforating method avoiding optical fiber according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the gyro inclinometer and the supporting positioning device (5) are docked, the process needs to be repeated no less than three times, with the data deviation not exceeding 5°, to ensure that the gyro inclinometer and the supporting positioning device (5) are fully docked.

10. The directional well perforating method avoiding optical fiber according to claim 9, characterized in that: The blast holes (3) are arranged linearly along the axial direction of the zero-phase single-wing perforating gun (7), and the phase difference between the blast holes is 0°.

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