Earth and rockfill dam leakage monitoring system and method based on electroosmosis pulse
By setting up an electrospray pulse monitoring system on the earth and rock dam, using current data to judge the leakage status and actively control the moisture content, the problem of leakage monitoring and prevention of earth and rock dams is solved, and low-cost and efficient leakage monitoring and prevention effects are achieved. .
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411344957.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-25
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-27
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology is difficult to effectively monitor and prevent leakage of soil and rock dams, resulting in possible pipe surges and other hazards, and the cost is high.
Using an electrosmotic pulse-based monitoring system, multiple data acquisition units are set up on the earth and rock dam, and the current data of the earth and rock dam is monitored using the pulse generator and positive and negative electrode electrodes to judge the leakage status in real time, and actively control it by adjusting the pulse parameters. Water content to achieve early warning and prevention of leakage.
Real-time monitoring and early warning of leakage of earth and rock dams has been achieved, costs have been reduced, and it has significant economic and social benefits, which can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of leakage.
Smart Images
Figure CN119197916A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to an earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system and method based on electroosmotic pulse. Background Art
[0002] During the operation of dams, they are affected by various factors, especially under long-term and high water level immersion, which may cause leakage, pipe burst and even collapse of dams. Flood control is stressful and the responsibility is heavy. Once a disaster occurs, it will endanger the safety of people's lives and property.
[0003] See the schematic diagram of dam leakage for details. Fig. 9 .
[0004] Seepage usually refers to the phenomenon of water seeping out of the dam and causing water leakage. Under the action of the seepage water flow, the fine particles in the soil are moved and lost in the pore channels formed, the pores of the soil continue to expand, and the seepage volume also increases, eventually leading to the formation of a continuous seepage channel in the soil body, the soil body is destroyed and a seepage channel is formed in the dam, which may also develop into a pipe burst.
[0005] Under the influence of river water pressure, if the dam body is affected by rats and termites, or the water content continues to increase, resulting in unstable dam structure, it is easy to form a seepage channel inside the dam body, which may also develop into a pipe burst.
[0006] Therefore, new technologies with low cost and significant effect are urgently needed to monitor dam leakage and prevent pipe bursts. Summary of the invention
[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system and method based on electroosmotic pulses, which can detect the leakage state of the earth-rock dam.
[0008] The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
[0009] A leakage monitoring system for earth-rock dam based on electroosmotic pulses, wherein a plurality of data acquisition units are arranged along the earth-rock dam; each data acquisition unit comprises a pulse generator arranged on the earth-rock dam for emitting electroosmotic pulses, a negative electrode net or a negative electrode rod arranged on the water-facing surface of the earth-rock dam as a negative electrode, and a positive electrode rod vertically inserted into the dam top or backwater slope (or water-facing slope) of the earth-rock dam as a positive electrode; the current data of all data acquisition units are collected to a monitoring center, and the current data include positive electrode current data and negative electrode current data; the measured value of the current data is compared with a threshold value (the threshold value is determined according to the measured value of different types of media, see Fig.11 ) to determine the leakage status of the earth-rock dam, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of the leakage of the earth-rock dam.
[0010] The positive electrodes are arranged at equal intervals.
[0011] The length of the positive electrode rod is 1-100m (depending on the height of the dam, the higher the dam, the longer the positive electrode rod), adjacent positive electrode rods are spaced 0.2 to 1m apart and are buried vertically along the top of the dam.
[0012] In the data acquisition unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle and voltage value through a pulse drive circuit. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to the positive electrode of the pulse generator; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to the negative electrode of the pulse generator;
[0013] The voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through the corresponding amplification circuit and A / D conversion circuit and then enter the MCU to complete data collection.
[0014] MCU data conversion mainly converts analog signals into binary format, and then digitally filters, classifies, stores, and encodes them into CAN communication protocol format and sends them to the bus via the CAN controller.
[0015] The positive electrode adopts zinc tube positive electrode.
[0016] It also includes the IoT platform, the monitoring center and the IoT platform are connected in communication; the monitoring center and the IoT platform are connected in communication through the MQTT mechanism. MQTT is Message Queuing Telemetry Transport, which is message queue telemetry transmission.
[0017] The monitoring center is connected with multiple data acquisition units via CAN bus communication.
[0018] An alarm is provided at the data collection unit or monitoring center.
[0019] The system includes a monitoring center and multiple data acquisition units; the monitoring center is communicatively connected to the multiple data acquisition units; each data acquisition unit includes a pulse generator and multiple positive electrodes and multiple negative electrodes connected to the pulse generator, the positive electrodes and negative electrodes are both arranged on the earth-rock dam, and the data acquisition unit collects current data from the positive electrodes and negative electrodes as a data acquisition unit; the pulse generator is used to generate electroosmotic pulses; the monitoring center is used to collect the current data sampled by each data acquisition unit and perform data processing, thereby realizing the monitoring of the state of the landslide body, and implementing active stability control of the landslide body based on the electroosmotic pulses.
[0020] A leakage monitoring method for earth-rock dam based on electroosmotic pulse, using the aforementioned earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse;
[0021] The water content of the earth-rock dam can be determined by the current data collected by the data acquisition unit at the dam site, thus realizing leakage monitoring of the earth-rock dam.
[0022] When the current is higher than the preset value, the duty cycle of the electroosmotic pulse is increased to reduce the water content of the landslide body and achieve active stabilization of the landslide body. When the water content exceeds 20%, the positive pulse width increases by 5 milliseconds every 1-6 hours, and the negative pulse decreases by 2 milliseconds until the water content drops to 20%. The positive pulse width decreases by 5 milliseconds every 1-6 hours, and the negative pulse increases by 2 milliseconds to maintain the stability of the water content of the slope. The preferred parameters (or preset parameters) of the electroosmotic pulse are: positive pulse width 100-200ms, negative 5-150ms, 3 to 5Hz, pulse voltage range 12-80V, preferably using a safe voltage of 32-36V. According to actual conditions, higher voltages can also be used.
[0023] If the current is higher than the preset alarm value, the monitoring center or data acquisition unit will start the alarm, including sound and light alarm and telephone alarm.
[0024] In the present invention, the principle of applying electroosmosis technology to earth-rock dam leakage prevention is explained as follows:
[0025] Electroosmotic pulse technology is mainly based on the electroosmotic principle of water and pulse technology.
[0026] The principle of water electroosmosis: install positive and negative electrodes on the structure of porous media (such as soil, sand, concrete, etc.), turn on the power supply, load microcurrent, and the water molecules in the structure will combine with the cations in the pores to form positively charged hydrated cations, and then move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.
[0027] Pulse technology: It is a method of controlling and releasing electric current. It can greatly enhance the electric energy by pausing, storing, compressing, converting the current and then releasing it to the load instantly.
[0028] Electroosmotic pulse technology: It connects the pulse generating circuit with the positive and negative electrode units to form an electric field that can cause the free water in the structure to migrate in a directional manner. The direction and rate of water migration in the structure can be controlled by adjusting the frequency and size of the positive and negative pulses.
[0029] According to the above principle, the positive electrode is installed on the side of the structure that needs to be dried (usually on the back side), and the negative electrode is placed on the water-facing side of the structure. As long as the system remains in working condition, the excess water in the structure will move from the back side of the structure to the water-facing side; at the same time, it also prevents the water on the water-facing side from penetrating into the structure, so that the structure remains permanently dry. See Fig.10 .
[0030] Beneficial effects:
[0031] The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system and method based on electroosmotic pulse of the present invention can monitor the water content and its changing trend in the earth-rock dam in real time through electric current through the basic principle of electroosmotic pulse, and can not only implement early warning, but also, by adjusting the pulse parameters, implement active prevention and control of leakage, and has low cost, easy deployment, and significant economic benefits (cost advantages) and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram (top view) of the layout of the landslide stabilization system of the present invention;
[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram (side sectional view) of the arrangement of the landslide stabilization system of the present invention;
[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the positive electrode rod (front cross-sectional view);
[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the negative electrode network after winding;
[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the negative electrode network after it is unfolded (oblique grid);
[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the state after the negative electrode network is unfolded (positive square);
[0038] Figure 7 This is the overall block diagram of the electroosmotic pulse system;
[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of data acquisition in the electroosmotic pulse system;
[0040] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the location of seepage channels in earth-rock dams.
[0041] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the natural seepage of the earth-rock dam and the effect after the intervention of the present invention;
[0042] Fig.11 Schematic diagram for judging leakage.
[0043] Explanation of reference numerals: 1-pulse generator, 2-negative electrode layout area, 3-positive electrode layout area, 4-mesh electrode, 5-zinc tube positive electrode; 6-copper core wire, 7-conductive PE layer, 8-conductive silver paste, 9-zinc tube, 10-cone, 11-electrode roll, 12-electrode unfolding end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
[0045] Example 1: Figure 7-8As shown, a leakage monitoring system for earth-rock dam based on electroosmotic pulse includes a monitoring center and multiple data acquisition units;
[0046] The monitoring center is communicatively connected with multiple data acquisition units;
[0047] Each data acquisition unit includes a pulse generator and a positive electrode and a negative electrode connected to the pulse generator, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are both arranged on the earth-rock dam, and the data acquisition unit collects current data from the positive electrode and the negative electrode as a data acquisition unit; the pulse generator is used to generate an electroosmotic pulse;
[0048] The monitoring center is used to collect the current data sampled by each data acquisition unit and process the data, so as to realize the monitoring of the state of the landslide body and implement active stability control of the landslide body based on the electroosmotic pulse.
[0049] It also includes an Internet of Things platform, and the monitoring center is connected to the Internet of Things platform in communication. The monitoring center and the Internet of Things platform are connected in communication through the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) mechanism.
[0050] The monitoring center is connected with multiple data acquisition units via CAN bus communication.
[0051] In the data acquisition unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle and voltage value through a pulse drive circuit. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to the positive electrode of the pulse generator; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to the negative electrode of the pulse generator;
[0052] The voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through the corresponding amplification circuit and A / D conversion circuit and then enter the MCU to complete data collection.
[0053] MCU data conversion mainly converts analog signals into binary format, and then digitally filters, classifies, stores, and encodes them into CAN communication protocol format and sends them to the bus via the CAN controller.
[0054] An alarm is installed at the monitoring center or data collection unit.
[0055] The negative electrode is a negative electrode net, and the positive electrode is a zinc tube positive electrode.
[0056] Specifically, the monitoring center uses a system screen, which is a touch screen with an embedded operating system. It is used to view the data status of various sites and the safety indicators of the dam. If necessary, relevant parameters can be set.
[0057] like Figure 1-6The negative electrode network is laid along the slope surface where the dam contacts the water body; the positive electrode of the zinc tube is inserted into the structure of the dam (that is, the natural soil or concrete of the dam itself), and the pulse generator is laid on the dam.
[0058] A leakage monitoring method for earth-rock dam based on electroosmotic pulse, using the aforementioned earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse;
[0059] The water content of the landslide body is determined by the current data collected by the data acquisition unit at the dam site, so as to realize the state monitoring of the landslide body;
[0060] When the current is higher than the preset value, the duty cycle of the electroosmotic pulse is increased to reduce the water content of the landslide body and achieve active stabilization of the landslide body.
[0061] The specific control method is: when the moisture content exceeds 20%, the positive pulse width increases by 5 milliseconds every 6 hours, and the negative pulse decreases by 2 milliseconds, until the moisture content drops by 20%, the positive pulse width decreases by 5 milliseconds every 6 hours, and the negative pulse increases by 2 milliseconds to keep the moisture content of the slope stable.
[0062] The setting range of electroosmotic pulse parameters is as follows: positive pulse width 100-200ms, negative pulse width 5-150ms, and frequency 3 to 5Hz.
[0063] If the current is higher than the preset alarm value, the monitoring center or data acquisition unit will start the alarm, such as sound and light alarm, telephone alarm, etc.
[0064] The structure of the rod-shaped electrode as the positive electrode is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the outer layer of the rod electrode adopts a zinc tube with a certain structural strength. The zinc tube is not only highly corrosion-resistant, but also has excellent conductivity. It can continuously provide cations under the action of electroosmosis to form hydrated cations. The front end of the rod electrode adopts a conical structure, which is convenient for easily passing through the soil and rock layer under the action of applied pressure, and is convenient for burying inside the dam. The current transmission adopts an inner core copper wire, and the outer conductive PE is used as the conduction of the positive current. The gap between the conductive PE and the zinc tube is filled with conductive silver paste. This structure can effectively ensure the strength of the far-end electroosmotic field without attenuation. The conductive silver paste is filled to ensure good contact between the conductive PE and the zinc tube. A heat shrink sleeve can also be set at the upper end of the rod electrode to prevent the overflow of the conductive silver paste.
[0065] The structure of the negative electrode network and its layout and application in earth-rock dams can be found in Figure 1-2 ,as well as Figure 4-5 .
[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A leakage monitoring system for earth-rock dam based on electroosmotic pulse, characterized by: A plurality of data acquisition units are arranged along the earth-rock dam; each data acquisition unit comprises a pulse generator arranged on the earth-rock dam for emitting electroosmotic pulses, a negative electrode net arranged on the water-facing surface of the earth-rock dam as a negative electrode, and a positive electrode rod vertically inserted into the dam top or backwater slope of the earth-rock dam as a positive electrode; the current data of all data acquisition units are collected to a monitoring center, and the current data comprises positive electrode current data and negative electrode current data; the measured value of the current data is compared with a threshold value to judge the leakage state of the earth-rock dam, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of leakage of the earth-rock dam.
2. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The positive electrodes are arranged at equal intervals.
3. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The length of the positive electrode rod is 1-100m, the interval between adjacent positive electrode rods is 0.2 to 1m, and they are buried vertically along the dam top.
4. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the data acquisition unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle and voltage value through a pulse drive circuit. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to the positive electrode of the pulse generator; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to the negative electrode of the pulse generator; The voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through the corresponding amplification circuit and A / D conversion circuit and then enter the MCU to complete data collection.
5. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The positive electrode adopts zinc tube positive electrode.
6. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes an Internet of Things platform, and the monitoring center is connected to the Internet of Things platform in communication; the monitoring center and the Internet of Things platform are connected in communication via the MQTT mechanism.
7. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring center is connected with multiple data acquisition units via CAN bus communication.
8. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: An alarm is provided at the data collection unit or monitoring center.
9. A leakage monitoring method for earth-rock dam based on electroosmotic pulse, characterized in that: An earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse as described in any one of claims 1 to 7; The water content of the earth-rock dam can be determined by the current data collected by the data acquisition unit at the dam site, thus realizing leakage monitoring of the earth-rock dam. When the current is higher than the preset value, the duty cycle of the electroosmotic pulse is increased to reduce the water content of the landslide body and achieve active stabilization of the landslide body.
10. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring method based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 8, characterized in that: If the current is higher than the preset alarm value, the monitoring center or data acquisition unit will activate the alarm.