A detection device for identifying surface defects of PCB boards

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of printed circuit boards, and in particular to a device for detecting surface defects of PCB boards, comprising a supporting base frame, a detection chassis mounted on the supporting base frame, and a chassis top frame mounted on the detection chassis; a detector is arranged on the chassis top frame, a bearing assembly and a positioning assembly located at the periphery of the bearing assembly are arranged on the detection chassis, the bearing assembly is arranged directly below the detector, and the positioning assembly corresponds to the sensing end of the detector; the bearing assembly comprises a detection frame and a detection base plate arranged on the detection frame, and a rotating adjustment plate is arranged at the center of the detection base plate; a positioning reference support and an adjustment reference base are also arranged on the detection base plate, and an adjustment pusher is arranged on the adjustment reference base, and the adjustment pusher corresponds to the corresponding positioning reference support one by one. The present invention shows significant advantages in terms of precise mechanical positioning, and provides strong support for the quality inspection of PCB boards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of printed circuit board technology, specifically to a detection device for identifying defects on the surface of PCB boards. Background Technology

[0002] As the supporting and connecting carrier for electronic components, the quality of the PCB board directly affects the performance and reliability of the entire electronic product. With the increasing integration of electronic products, the PCB board plays an increasingly important role in the information industry, becoming a pillar industry of electronic information. The manufacturing process of PCB boards is complex and delicate; any oversight in any step can lead to product quality problems.

[0003] Current technologies generally employ AOI (Automated Optical Inspection) systems for automated identification and inspection. This involves controlling subsystems such as light sources, digital imaging, and scanning to scan the PCB and acquire images. Registration, feature extraction, and comparative analysis are then performed. However, the positioning structure of existing PCB inspection equipment has certain deficiencies. Some PCBs used in miniaturized electronic products are precision products and are not entirely rectangular. For these products, the positioning accuracy of existing structures is insufficient, leading to a deviation between the acquired image and the standard position. This results in a discrepancy between the defect coordinates output by the AOI and the actual location, affecting subsequent repair work on the PCB. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for detecting defects on the surface of PCB boards, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A PCB board surface defect detection device includes a supporting frame, a detection chassis mounted on the supporting frame, and a chassis top frame mounted on the detection chassis. A detector is mounted on the chassis top frame. A load-bearing component and a positioning component located around the load-bearing component are mounted on the detection chassis. The load-bearing component is positioned directly below the detector, and the positioning component corresponds to the sensing end of the detector. The load-bearing component includes a detection frame and a detection base plate mounted on the detection frame. A rotating adjustment disk is located at the center of the detection base plate. The detection base plate also has positioning reference supports and adjustment reference supports. Several positioning reference supports and adjustment reference supports are provided and fixedly mounted on the detection base plate. Both positioning reference supports and adjustment reference supports are located around the rotating adjustment disk. Each adjustment reference support has an adjustment pusher, and the adjustment pusher corresponds one-to-one with the corresponding positioning reference support.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention: a fixed sleeve and a fixed support frame installed on the fixed sleeve are provided on the side edge of the frame of the detection frame, and an inclined support plate is provided inside the frame of the detection frame.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: the detection base includes a main plate and a reference base mounting surface provided on the upper surface of the main plate. The reference base mounting surface is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, which are arranged in a regular pattern around the rotating adjustment plate and form an installation coordinate system. The reference base mounting surface is also provided with a plurality of reference base mounting plates, which are all fixedly mounted on the installation coordinate system through locking holes. The positioning reference support and the adjusting reference base are both fixed on the corresponding reference base mounting plates.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: the rotating adjustment disk includes an upper rotating disk and a plurality of magnetic blocks disposed on the upper rotating disk; a lower rotating hoop is disposed at the bottom of the upper rotating disk; a rotating outer ring is disposed around the lower rotating hoop; external teeth are disposed on the outer ring surface of the rotating outer ring; a steering drive motor is also fixedly mounted at the bottom of the main disk body; and a transmission gear meshing with the external teeth is disposed at the drive end of the steering drive motor.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: the base of the detection frame is a hollow frame structure, and a frame base plate is installed on the frame base. Several vertical fine-tuning supports are provided on the frame base plate. Each vertical fine-tuning support includes a fixed bracket and a main plate block. The fixed bracket is fixedly installed on the frame base plate, and the main plate block is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the main plate. A fine-tuning motor is installed on the fixed bracket, and an electric drive lifting rod is installed at the pushing end of the fine-tuning motor. The rod end of the electric drive lifting rod is fixedly installed to the main plate block through a top sleeve.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: a reinforcing support ring and a limiting inner support are also installed on the upper surface of the frame base plate. Several limiting inner supports are provided and installed around the reinforcing support ring. A vertical pin is provided on the limiting inner support. The vertical pin supports and slides a supporting inner frame. The top of the supporting inner frame is fixed to the lower surface of the main plate by a fixing piece.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the adjustment reference base is provided with a central support mounting port and a plurality of side support mounting ports provided on the side edge of the central support mounting port; the adjustment pusher includes an adjustment screw installed in the central support mounting port and an outer support base plate and a contact base plate provided at both ends of the adjustment screw; a plurality of slide rods are further installed in the side support mounting ports; the slide rods are supported at the corner positions of the outer support base plate and the contact base plate; and a pusher for driving the central support mounting port is also externally connected to the outer support base plate.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the detector includes an optical detector mounted on the top frame of the chassis and a detection camera mounted on the optical detector. The optical detector is further provided with an extension frame, on which a photosensitive alignment device is installed. The photosensitive alignment device includes an alignment device substrate mounted on the extension frame, a mounting sleeve formed on the alignment device substrate, and a plurality of photosensitive sensors mounted on the alignment device substrate. Each photosensitive sensor is provided with a photosensitive head.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the photosensitive head is inserted into the sleeve of the mounting sleeve, and a plurality of side wing limiting strips are provided on the sleeve edge of the mounting sleeve, the side wing limiting strips being located at the edge of the cylindrical body of the photosensitive head.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] This invention ensures precise relative positioning between the PCB board and the detector through accurate mechanical positioning, thereby improving the accuracy of defect identification. The use of support and positioning components for fine-tuning of the inspected component allows for adjustments to PCB boards of different sizes and shapes, enhancing the equipment's versatility and flexibility. Precise mechanical positioning reduces adjustment and calibration time during the inspection process, thus improving inspection efficiency. This invention demonstrates significant advantages in precise mechanical positioning, providing strong support for PCB board quality inspection.

[0017] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. Furthermore, these drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concepts of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to specific embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the PCB board surface defect detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the support component and the positioning component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the carrier component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of region A in the middle.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection frame provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom view structure of the detection base provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of region B in the middle.

[0026] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of region C in the middle.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjusting pusher provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the detector provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photosensitive alignment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 11. Support frame; 12. Detection chassis; 13. Chassis top frame; 14. Detector; 15. CNC chassis; 16. Bearing assembly; 17. Positioning assembly; 21. Detection frame; 22. Detection base plate; 23. Rotating adjustment plate; 24. Positioning reference support; 25. Adjusting reference base; 26. Adjusting pusher; 31. Fixed sleeve; 32. Fixed support frame; 33. Inclined support plate; 34. Main plate; 35. Reference base mounting surface; 36. Mounting coordinate system; 37. Mounting hole; 38. Reference base mounting plate; 39. Locking hole; 41. Upper rotating disk; 42. Magnetic block; 43. Lower rotating hoop; 44. Steering drive motor; 45. Rotating outer ring; 46. ​​External toothed teeth; 51. Reinforcing support ring; 52. Limiting inner support; 53. Vertical fine-tuning support; 54. Frame base plate; 56. Vertical pin; 57. Supporting inner frame; 58. Fixing plate; 61. Fixing bracket; 62. Fine-tuning motor; 63. Electric drive lifting rod; 64. Top sleeve; 65. Main plate block; 71. Middle support mounting port; 72. Side support mounting port; 73. Adjusting screw; 74. Outer support base plate; 75. Contact base plate; 76. Slide rod; 77. Pusher; 81. Optical inspection instrument; 82. Inspection camera end; 83. Additional frame; 84. Photosensitive alignment device; 91. Alignment device base plate; 92. Mounting sleeve; 93. Photosensitive sensor; 94. Side wing limiting strip; 95. Photosensitive head. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or identical elements.

[0032] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0034] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A device for identifying defects on the surface of a PCB board is provided, including a supporting frame 11, a detection chassis 12 mounted on the supporting frame 11, and a chassis top frame 13 mounted on the detection chassis 12; a detector 14 is provided on the chassis top frame 13, and a bearing component 16 and a positioning component 17 located around the bearing component 16 are mounted on the detection chassis 12. The bearing component 16 is located directly below the detector 14, and the positioning component 17 corresponds to the sensing end of the detector 14.

[0035] The supporting component 16 includes a detection frame 21 and a detection base plate 22 disposed on the detection frame 21. A rotating adjustment disk 23 is disposed at the center of the detection base plate 22. The detection base plate 22 is also provided with a positioning reference support 24 and an adjustment reference base 25. Several positioning reference supports 24 and adjustment reference bases 25 are provided and fixedly installed on the detection base plate 22. The positioning reference supports 24 and adjustment reference bases 25 are disposed around the rotating adjustment disk 23. Each adjustment reference base 25 is provided with an adjustment pusher 26. The adjustment pusher 26 corresponds one-to-one with the corresponding positioning reference support 24.

[0036] This embodiment is based on an AOI inspection system, which consists of a light source and its control subsystem, a digital imaging and its control subsystem (including a CCD / CMOS camera and image acquisition), an image scanning motion mechanism and its control subsystem, an image processing and optimization subsystem, an image feature recognition and defect identification subsystem, an HMI and main control subsystem, etc.

[0037] During routine testing, the PCB board needs to be placed on a corresponding type of tray fixture for protection. In the following text, the PCB board and the tray fixture will be collectively referred to as the test pieces for explanation.

[0038] The support frame 11 serves as the supporting structure for the entire testing equipment. Made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant metal, the support frame 11 ensures the stability and durability of the equipment. The testing chassis 12 is mounted on the support frame 11, and a top frame 13 is fixedly installed on top of the chassis 12 to support and fix the detector 14. A CNC machine chassis 15 is housed within the support frame 11 for CNC adjustment of the entire testing equipment. The detector 14, mounted on the top frame 13, uses a high-precision, high-resolution industrial camera or laser scanner to capture image data from the PCB board surface. The detector 14 is connected to the control system and can transmit image data to the data processing unit for analysis in real time.

[0039] The inspection frame 21 is made of high-strength material to ensure the stability and durability of the overall structure. The inspection base 22 is mounted on the inspection frame 21 and is used to place the inspection piece. The rotating adjustment disk 23 is located at the center of the inspection base 22 and is driven by a high-precision motor to realize the rotation adjustment of the inspection piece. The positioning reference support 24 and the adjustment reference base 25 are both fixedly mounted on the inspection base 22 to ensure the stability of the inspection piece during the inspection process.

[0040] The positioning reference support 24 is used to initially position the test piece. The adjustment reference base 25 is arranged opposite to the positioning reference support 24. The size and height of the positioning reference support 24 and the adjustment reference base 25 can be determined according to the size and model of the test piece (PCB board and corresponding tray fixture). The test piece uses the positioning reference support 24 at one end as the reference coordinate and fits one side of the test piece against the surface of the positioning reference support 24. The adjustment pusher 26 on the corresponding adjustment reference base 25 can be finely adjusted according to the actual size of the test piece to ensure that the relative position of the test piece and the detector 14 is accurate.

[0041] The sensing end of detector 14 can monitor the position and orientation of the detected object in real time through optical signals. The control system, based on the information fed back from the sensing end, provides feedback on the range of fine adjustment required for rotating the adjustment disk 23 and adjusting the pusher 26 until the detected object reaches the optimal detection position. Subsequently, detector 14 starts working, capturing image data of the PCB board and performing defect identification.

[0042] This embodiment ensures precise mechanical positioning of the relative position between the PCB board and detector 14, thereby improving the accuracy of defect identification. The support component 16 and positioning component 17 enable fine-tuning of the inspected component, accommodating PCB boards of different sizes and shapes, thus improving the equipment's versatility and flexibility. Precise mechanical positioning reduces adjustment and calibration time during the inspection process, thereby increasing inspection efficiency. This embodiment demonstrates significant advantages in precise mechanical positioning, providing strong support for PCB board quality inspection.

[0043] Example 2, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 Based on the above embodiments, the specific implementation structure of the detection frame 21 and the detection base plate 22 is designed as follows:

[0044] The testing frame 21 has a fixed sleeve 31 and a fixed support frame 32 installed on the fixed sleeve 31 along its side. An inclined support plate 33 is provided inside the testing frame 21 to ensure the stability of the overall testing frame 21 installation.

[0045] The detection base plate 22 includes a main plate body 34 and a reference base mounting surface 35 on the upper surface of the main plate body 34. The reference base mounting surface 35 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 37, which are arranged in a regular pattern around the rotating adjustment plate 23 and form an installation coordinate system 36. The reference base mounting surface 35 is also provided with a plurality of reference base mounting plates 38, which are all fixedly mounted on the installation coordinate system 36 through locking holes 39. The positioning reference support 24 and the adjusting reference base 25 are both fixed on the corresponding reference base mounting plates 38.

[0046] The main body 34 is the main structure of the detection base 22. The upper surface of the main body 34 is designed with a precision-machined reference mounting surface 35. Several mounting holes 37 are evenly distributed on this surface, arranged in a specific pattern to form a mounting coordinate system 36. This coordinate system not only provides a mounting reference for the reference mounting plate 38 but also provides a precise positioning reference for the entire detection process. During adjustment, it enables rapid positioning. Operators only need to install the positioning reference support 24 and adjust the reference base 25 according to the markings on the coordinate system to quickly and accurately complete the positioning work. During the detection process, if it is necessary to adjust the position or angle of the PCB board, the mounting coordinate system 36 provides a visual reference. Operators can quickly adjust according to the scale or digital display on the coordinate system, reducing adjustment time and errors.

[0047] Example 3, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 Based on the above embodiments, the specific structure of the rotating adjustment disk 23 is designed as follows:

[0048] The rotating adjustment disk 23 includes an upper rotating disk 41 and several magnetic blocks 42 disposed on the upper rotating disk 41. A lower rotating hoop 43 is disposed at the bottom of the upper rotating disk 41. A rotating outer ring 45 is disposed around the lower rotating hoop 43. External teeth 46 are disposed on the outer ring surface of the rotating outer ring 45. A steering drive motor 44 is also fixedly installed at the bottom of the main disk body 34. A transmission gear that meshes with the external teeth 46 is disposed at the driving end of the steering drive motor 44.

[0049] In this embodiment, the upper rotating disk 41 and the lower rotating hoop 43 cooperate to form a stable rotating structure. Several magnetic blocks 42 on the upper rotating disk 41 can firmly attract the detection piece, ensuring that the detection piece does not shake during fine-tuning or detection. A steering drive motor 44 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the main disk body 34, and its drive end is equipped with a transmission gear that meshes with the external toothed pattern 46. When the steering drive motor 44 starts, the meshing transmission gear with the external toothed pattern 46 precisely controls the rotation angle of the outer rotating ring 45. Since the outer rotating ring 45 is connected to the lower rotating hoop 43, it drives the upper rotating disk 41 and the detection piece to perform precise angle adjustments, thereby adjusting the detection piece to the corresponding angular position.

[0050] Example 4: Sometimes, PCB boards contain components with significant height differences, such as crystal oscillators and infrared photodiodes, causing their focusing height to differ from other areas. Based on this situation, please refer to... Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 This embodiment also includes the following design:

[0051] The base of the detection frame 21 is a hollow frame structure. A frame base plate 54 is installed on the frame base of the detection frame 21. Several vertical fine-tuning supports 53 are provided on the frame base plate 54. Each vertical fine-tuning support 53 includes a fixed bracket 61 and a main plate block 65. The fixed bracket 61 is fixedly installed on the frame base plate 54. The main plate block 65 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the main plate 34. A fine-tuning motor 62 is installed on the fixed bracket 61. An electric drive lifting rod 63 is installed at the pushing end of the fine-tuning motor 62. The rod end of the electric drive lifting rod 63 is fixedly installed to the main plate block 65 through a top sleeve 64.

[0052] The base of the inspection frame 21 adopts a hollow frame structure, and the frame base plate 54 is firmly installed on the base of the inspection frame 21, serving as the mounting foundation for the vertical fine-tuning support 53. The fine-tuning motor 62 is installed on the fixed bracket 61, and its pushing end is connected to the electric drive lifting rod 63. The fine-tuning motor 62 adopts a high-precision stepper motor or servo motor to ensure precise control of the lifting action. Through the precise control of the fine-tuning motor 62 and the electric drive lifting rod 63, the height position of the main plate 34 can be finely adjusted, ensuring that the inspection camera or other sensors can be aligned with the special components on the PCB board surface at the optimal angle. This design significantly improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of inspection when dealing with PCB boards with complex shapes or tilted features.

[0053] In one instance of this embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 8 The upper surface of the frame base plate 54 is also equipped with a reinforcing support ring 51 and a limiting inner support 52. Several limiting inner supports 52 are provided and installed around the reinforcing support ring 51. A vertical pin 56 is provided on the limiting inner support 52. The vertical pin 56 supports and slides a supporting inner frame 57. The top of the supporting inner frame 57 is fixed to the lower surface of the main plate 34 by a fixing piece 58.

[0054] The introduction of the reinforcing support ring 51 effectively enhances the overall stability of the frame base plate 54 and its upper structure, providing a solid foundation for height fine-tuning. This helps reduce errors caused by structural instability during fine-tuning, thereby improving the accuracy of fine-tuning. The limiting inner supports 52 are evenly distributed around the reinforcing support ring 51, further stabilizing the support structure and ensuring the stability of the vertical pin 56 and the inner support frame 57 during fine-tuning.

[0055] Example 5, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 9 Based on the above embodiments, the specific implementation structure of the adjusting pusher 26 is designed as follows:

[0056] The adjustment reference base 25 is provided with a central support mounting port 71 and a plurality of side support mounting ports 72 provided on the side edge of the central support mounting port 71. The adjustment pusher 26 includes an adjustment screw 73 installed in the central support mounting port 71 and an outer support base plate 74 and a contact base plate 75 provided at both ends of the adjustment screw 73. A plurality of slide rods 76 are installed in the side support mounting ports 72. The slide rods 76 are supported at the corners of the outer support base plate 74 and the contact base plate 75. The outer support base plate 74 is also externally connected to a pusher 77 for driving the central support mounting port 71. A contact pad is installed on the contact base plate 75. The contact pad contacts the edge of the detection element and plays a role in buffering and protection.

[0057] During adjustment, the bottom support fixture of the overall testing component can be placed on the magnetic block 42 in the area of ​​the upper rotating disk 41, so that the testing component is subjected to the force of the magnetic block 42. This force will prevent the testing component from shaking, but will not affect the translation of the testing component. The adjusting push component 26, in conjunction with the adsorption effect of the magnetic block 42, can precisely control the distance between the outer support base plate 74 and the contact base plate 75 by rotating the adjusting screw 73, thereby realizing the horizontal position adjustment of the testing component. The outer adjusting reference base 25 and the positioning reference support 24 position the testing component in the horizontal direction, thereby maintaining the overall stability.

[0058] Example 6, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 Based on the above embodiments, the specific implementation structure of the adjusting pusher 26 is designed as follows:

[0059] The detector 14 includes an optical detector 81 mounted on the top frame 13 of the chassis and a detection camera 82 mounted on the optical detector 81. The optical detector 81 is further provided with an extension frame 83, on which a photosensitive alignment device 84 is mounted. The photosensitive alignment device 84 includes an alignment device substrate 91 mounted on the extension frame 83, a mounting sleeve 92 formed on the alignment device substrate 91, and a plurality of photosensitive devices 93 mounted on the plate of the alignment device substrate 91. Each photosensitive device 93 is provided with a photosensitive head 95.

[0060] The light sensor 95 is inserted into the sleeve of the mounting sleeve 92. The mounting sleeve 92 is provided with a plurality of side wing limiting strips 94, which are located at the edge of the cylindrical body of the light sensor 95.

[0061] In this embodiment, a photosensitive alignment device 84 is added to the detector 14 to position and calibrate the detection component. The photosensitive alignment device 84 can accurately position and calibrate the PCB board. The photosensitive head 95 integrated on the photosensitive device 93 is made of a high-sensitivity photoelectric element. The positioning reference support 24 or the contact substrate 75 can be equipped with corresponding photosensitive components. After the PCB is positioned, the photosensitive alignment device 84 performs a self-check on the accuracy of the positioning.

[0062] In its structural design, the photosensitive head 95 is inserted into the mounting sleeve 92 from one end until it is completely inside the sleeve. During insertion, care must be taken to keep the axis of the photosensitive head 95 aligned with the axis of the mounting sleeve 92. Then, the side wing limiting strip 94 is used to limit and fix the edge of the photosensitive head 95, thus ensuring that the photosensitive head 95 itself will not wobble and guaranteeing the accuracy of the self-testing equipment.

[0063] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

[0064] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A PCB surface defect detection device, comprising a supporting base frame (11), a detection chassis (12) mounted on the supporting base frame (11), and a chassis top frame (13) mounted on the detection chassis (12); characterized in that: A detector (14) is arranged on the chassis top frame (13), a bearing assembly (16) and a positioning assembly (17) located outside the bearing assembly (16) are arranged on the detection chassis (12), the bearing assembly (16) is arranged directly below the detector (14), and the positioning assembly (17) corresponds to the sensing end of the detector (14); The bearing assembly (16) comprises a detection frame (21) and a detection base plate (22) arranged on the detection frame (21), and a rotating adjustment plate (23) is arranged at the center position of the detection base plate (22); The detection base (22) is also provided with a positioning reference support (24) and an adjustment reference base (25), and the positioning reference support (24) and the adjustment reference base (25) are both provided with a plurality of and fixedly mounted on the detection base (22), and the positioning reference support (24) and the adjustment reference base (25) are both arranged on the periphery of the rotating adjustment disk (23), and the adjustment reference base (25) is provided with an adjustment pusher (26), and the adjustment pusher (26) is in one-to-one correspondence with the corresponding positioning reference support (24); The adjustment reference base (25) is provided with a middle branch mounting opening (71) and a plurality of side branch mounting openings (72) arranged on the side edge of the middle branch mounting opening (71); the adjustment pusher (26) comprises an adjustment screw rod (73) installed in the middle branch mounting opening (71) and an outer branch base plate (74) and a contact base plate (75) arranged at both ends of the adjustment screw rod (73); a plurality of slide bars (76) are further installed in the side branch mounting opening (72); the slide bars (76) are supported at the edge corners of the outer branch base plate (74) and the contact base plate (75); and the outer branch base plate (74) is also externally connected to a pusher (77) for driving the middle branch mounting opening (71); The detector (14) comprises an optical detector (81) mounted on the top frame (13) of the chassis and a detection camera end (82) arranged on the optical detector (81); an additional frame (83) is further provided on the optical detector (81); and a light sensing aligner (84) is installed on the additional frame (83); The light-sensing aligner (84) comprises an aligner substrate (91) mounted on the additional frame (83), a mounting sleeve (92) opened on the aligner substrate (91), and a plurality of light sensors (93) mounted on the aligner substrate (91), wherein the light sensors (93) are provided with light-sensing heads (95); The optical head (95) is inserted into the sleeve body of the mounting sleeve (92), and a plurality of side wing limiting strips (94) are provided on the sleeve edge of the mounting sleeve (92), and the side wing limiting strips (94) are limited to the edge of the barrel body of the optical head (95).

2. The PCB surface defect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixed sleeve (31) and a fixed support frame (32) mounted on the fixed sleeve (31) are provided on the side edge of the frame body of the detection frame (21), and an inclined support plate (33) is provided inside the frame body of the detection frame (21).

3. The PCB surface defect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection base plate (22) comprises a main plate body (34) and a reference seat mounting surface (35) provided on the upper surface of the main plate body (34); a plurality of mounting holes (37) are provided on the reference seat mounting surface (35); the mounting holes (37) are regularly arranged on the periphery of the rotating adjustment plate (23) and form a mounting coordinate system (36); A plurality of reference seat mounting plates (38) are also provided on the reference seat mounting surface (35); the reference seat mounting plates (38) are fixedly mounted on the mounting coordinate system (36) through locking holes (39); and the positioning reference support (24) and the adjustment reference base (25) are fixed on corresponding reference seat mounting plates (38).

4. The PCB surface defect detection device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The rotating adjustment disk (23) comprises an upper rotating disk (41) and a plurality of magnetic blocks (42) arranged on the upper rotating disk (41); a lower rotating hoop (43) is arranged at the bottom of the upper rotating disk (41); a rotating outer ring (45) is arranged on the periphery of the lower rotating hoop (43); and an outer ring surface of the rotating outer ring (45) is provided with external tooth patterns (46); A steering drive motor (44) is also fixedly mounted on the bottom of the main disk body (34), and a driving end of the steering drive motor (44) is provided with a transmission gear meshing with the external tooth pattern (46).

5. The PCB surface defect detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The frame base of the detection frame (21) is a hollow frame structure, a frame bottom plate (54) is installed on the frame base of the detection frame (21), and a plurality of vertical fine-tuning supports (53) are arranged on the frame bottom plate (54); The vertical fine-tuning support (53) comprises a fixed bracket (61) and a main disk frame block (65); the fixed bracket (61) is fixedly mounted on the frame bottom plate (54); the main disk frame block (65) is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the main disk body (34); a fine-tuning motor (62) is mounted on the fixed bracket (61); an electric-driven lifting rod (63) is mounted on the driving end of the fine-tuning motor (62); and the rod end of the electric-driven lifting rod (63) is fixedly mounted on the main disk frame block (65) via a top sleeve (64).

6. The PCB surface defect detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper surface of the frame bottom plate (54) is also installed with a reinforcing support ring (51) and a limiting inner support (52). The limiting inner support (52) is provided with a plurality of and is installed on the periphery of the reinforcing support ring (51). The limiting inner support (52) is provided with a vertical pin (56). The vertical pin (56) supports and slidably installs a supporting inner frame (57). The top of the supporting inner frame (57) is fixed to the lower surface of the main disk body (34) through a fixing plate (58).

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