Portable electrochemical workstation and detection method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical work stations, and discloses a portable electrochemical work station and a detection method thereof, the portable electrochemical work station comprises a microprocessor and a Bluetooth module, the microprocessor comprises a main processor and a Bluetooth module, the main processor is used for executing control and calculation tasks; the Bluetooth module supports a Bluetooth protocol, is used for carrying out wireless communication with an upper computer and carrying out data transmission and equipment pairing, and is connected with the main processor through a serial port; the analog front-end module is used for processing and amplifying a voltage signal from the digital-to-analog converter and an analog signal of a sensor electrode of the three-electrode system; the digital-to-analog converter is used for converting the digital signal transmitted by the main processor into an analog signal; the analog-to-digital converter is used for converting the analog signal transmitted by the analog front-end module into a digital signal. The system is portable, low in power consumption and high in environment adaptability so as to adapt to application requirements of various mobile operations and limited spaces, integrates multiple detection modes, supports multi-channel detection, and expands equipment application scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical workstations, and in particular to a portable electrochemical workstation and a detection method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Electrochemical workstation is the abbreviation of electrochemical measurement system, which is a commonly used measuring instrument for electrochemical qualitative and quantitative research. Electrochemical detection technology usually uses the electrochemical characteristics of the analyte itself or the specific reaction between the sensitive element and the analyte to generate the corresponding electrochemical signal, and then converts this response signal into an identifiable and detectable electrical signal for analysis and processing through the corresponding sensor device. At present, electrochemical detection technology is widely used in qualitative and quantitative detection in various fields due to its advantages such as high precision, good repeatability, low cost and simple operation.

[0003] At present, electrochemical workstations can be divided into two categories based on their uses: commercial solutions and proprietary designs. The former often have multiple electrochemical measurement methods, high precision, and good stability, but at the expense of portability, and its internal structure is a "black box" for users; the latter pays more attention to portability or focuses on specific functions, and most of them provide open source design solutions. Wearable electrochemical workstations are a type of proprietary electrochemical workstation design.

[0004] Prior art 1

[0005] A desktop electrochemical workstation model CH660E is available on the market. Its technical features are as follows:

[0006] 1. High-precision sensors and control systems: Using precision electrodes and sensors, it is possible to monitor potential, current and other electrochemical parameters in real time.

[0007] 2. Stable power supply: Provides stable current and voltage output to ensure the repeatability and accuracy of experiments and tests.

[0008] 3. Data acquisition and analysis software: Equipped with powerful data acquisition and analysis software, it can record and analyze electrochemical experimental data in real time, and support data visualization and subsequent processing.

[0009] 4. Multi-function operation interface: Provides a user-friendly operation interface that allows users to set experimental parameters, monitor real-time data, and track and adjust the experimental process.

[0010] 5. Safety protection mechanism: Equipped with safety protection functions such as overvoltage and overcurrent protection to ensure the safety of equipment and users.

[0011] The defects of prior art 1 are as follows:

[0012] 1. Large size and weight: Desktop electrochemical workstations are usually large in size and heavy in weight, which are not easy to carry and move, limiting their application in environments with limited space or requiring mobile operation.

[0013] 2. High power consumption: In order to ensure high precision and stability, desktop devices usually require higher power consumption, resulting in increased energy consumption, which is not conducive to long-term continuous work or mobile application needs.

[0014] 3. High cost: The high precision and complex design make the desktop electrochemical workstation expensive, which is not conducive to large-scale promotion and popularization.

[0015] 4. Poor environmental adaptability: Desktop-level devices are usually designed for stable indoor environments. They have poor adaptability to harsh external environments (such as high temperature, humidity, or high vibration environments) and are easily affected by the external environment.

[0016] Prior art 2

[0017] Some wearable electrochemical systems are under development. The technical features of these systems are as follows:

[0018] 1. Miniaturized design: The wearable electrochemical system is compact in design and small in size, easy to wear and move, and suitable for real-time monitoring and analysis in different occasions.

[0019] 2. Low-cost manufacturing: Using advanced micro-nano technology, the manufacturing cost of wearable systems is relatively low, which is conducive to large-scale production and application promotion.

[0020] 3. Portability: The device is lightweight and easy to carry, suitable for outdoor, mobile environments and personal use scenarios.

[0021] 4. Real-time monitoring capability: Able to detect electrochemical parameters such as potential, current, etc. in real time, providing instant data analysis and feedback.

[0022] The defects of prior art two are as follows:

[0023] 1. Single detection mode: Most systems only support a single detection mode, such as only being able to detect one specific electrochemical parameter, and lack multifunctional detection capabilities.

[0024] 2. Poor stability: Due to the complexity and miniaturization of the design, some systems have poor stability and are easily affected by the external environment, leading to problems with data accuracy and reliability.

[0025] 3. Does not support multi-channel detection: The lack of multi-channel detection function limits the ability to simultaneously monitor multiple electrochemical parameters or multiple samples, affecting its application in complex experiments or field monitoring.

[0026] 4. Limited detection voltage range: Due to miniaturized design and technical limitations, the detection voltage range of some systems is narrow and cannot meet certain specific experimental requirements or application scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0027] In order to overcome or alleviate one or more of the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a portable electrochemical workstation and a detection method thereof, which are portable, low power consumption, and highly environmentally adaptable; the detection method adopts multi-channel independent detection to adapt to various mobile operations and application requirements of limited space.

[0028] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0029] On the one hand, the present invention provides a portable electrochemical workstation, which includes: a microprocessor, the microprocessor includes a main processor and a Bluetooth module, the main processor is used to perform control and calculation tasks; the Bluetooth module supports the Bluetooth protocol, is used to communicate with the host computer wirelessly, perform data transmission and device pairing, and is connected to the main processor through a serial port; an analog front-end module, the analog front-end module is used to process and amplify the voltage signal from the digital-to-analog converter and the analog signal of the sensor electrode of the three-electrode system, expand the output voltage range and ensure the quality and accuracy of the signal; the digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the digital signal transmitted by the main processor into an analog signal, and send it to the analog front end. The end module provides a bias voltage and is connected to the main processor via SPI; an analog-to-digital converter, which is used to convert the analog signal transmitted by the analog front-end module into a digital signal for analysis and processing by the main processor, and collects the current amplified and transformed by the analog front-end module, and is connected to the main processor via SPI; an analog switch module, which is used to control the path and switch of the analog signal of the analog front-end module, allowing the signal to switch between different components to achieve measurements of different sensitivities, and is connected to the main processor via GPIO; a power management module, which is used to provide stable power for each module and adjust the voltage and current.

[0030] According to some embodiments, the main processor is a model selected from STM32L432.

[0031] According to some embodiments, the Bluetooth module model is selected from CH582F.

[0032] According to some embodiments, the operational amplifier of the analog front-end module is selected from OPA4197;

[0033] According to some embodiments, the model of the analog-to-digital converter is selected from ADS1256; the model of the digital-to-analog converter is selected from DAC8568.

[0034] According to some embodiments, the power management module includes a battery charging management circuit, a lithium battery and a battery / USB power supply switching circuit, wherein the battery / USB power supply switching circuit outputs a 5V voltage, which is respectively connected to a 5V / 3.3V conversion circuit, a 5V voltage stabilization circuit and a 5V / ±15V generation circuit;

[0035] According to some embodiments, the battery charging management circuit is selected from TOP4056; the 5V / 3.3V conversion circuit is selected from SGM2036; the 5V voltage regulator circuit is selected from MT3608L; the 5V / ±15V generation circuit is selected from MT3608L, TPS7A4901 and TPS7A3001.

[0036] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a detection method of the above-mentioned portable electrochemical workstation, which comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1: Initialization: The main processor sends configuration instructions to the digital-to-analog converter, the analog-to-digital converter, the analog front-end module, and the Bluetooth module to complete the initial configuration before formal operation;

[0038] S2: Standby: The main processor sends an instruction to the Bluetooth module to turn on the receiving function of the Bluetooth module and configure the Bluetooth module to wait for connection with the host computer. At the same time, the main processor sends a command to the power management module to configure the power management module to turn off the power supply of the analog front-end module, so that the analog front-end module enters a low power consumption state;

[0039] S3: Start working mode: When the host computer is connected to the portable electrochemical workstation, after the Bluetooth module receives the connection information and the command sent by the user through the host computer, the Bluetooth module forwards the command information to the main processor through the asynchronous serial port, and the main processor interprets the command to obtain the channel number, operation mode, and setting parameter information, thereby running the state machine program of the corresponding mode of the opened channel to obtain the detection result.

[0040] According to some embodiments, the state machine procedure in step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0041] S31: the main processor runs the state machine system program of the corresponding mode according to the user instruction forwarded by the Bluetooth module, assigns a number to each channel to be opened, sends a command, and binds the corresponding DAC channel and ADC channel to the acquisition channel in the analog front-end module;

[0042] S32: The main processor runs different state machine update programs according to the acquisition mode and parameter information in the user instruction, and determines what task needs to be executed according to the conditions of the acquired current, the provided bias voltage, and the running time;

[0043] S33: The mode of the main processor runs the program to execute tasks, and the executable tasks include: sending a command to the DAC to set the output voltage of the corresponding channel of the digital-to-analog converter to provide the bias voltage required in the current state electrochemical system; sending a command to the analog-to-digital converter to start current detection, and receiving and processing the detected current data; in the Bluetooth connection mode, the recorded voltage, current, time, current integral, and current differential value data are sent to the Bluetooth module through the asynchronous serial port, and the Bluetooth module runs the forwarding program to send the information sent by the main processor to the connected host computer through the Bluetooth module; in the serial port direct connection mode, the main processor directly sends the data to the connected host computer through the serial port;

[0044] S34: After executing the task, the main processor determines the next state according to the current state and other conditions, and sets the time for the next state update for the delay between tasks, and cyclically determines whether each opened channel needs to execute a task.

[0045] According to some embodiments, the detection mode of the state machine program is selected from Cyclic Voltammetry, Linear Sweep Voltammetry, Staircase Voltammetry, Tafel Plot technique, Chronoamperometry, Chronocoulometry, Differential Pulse Voltammetry, Normal Pulse Voltammetry, Differential Normal Pulse Voltammetry, Square Wave Voltammetry, Amperometric i-tCurve technique, Differential Pulse Amperometry, Double Differential Pulse Amperometry, Triple Pulse Amperometry, Integrated Pulse Amperometric Detection, Sweep-Step Functions or Multi-Potential Stepstechnique.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] The present invention provides a portable electrochemical workstation and a detection method thereof. The electrochemical workstation has a portable, low-power, and highly environmentally adaptable electrochemical detection device to meet various mobile operations and application requirements in limited space. It integrates multiple detection modes, ensures high stability and acquisition accuracy, supports multi-channel detection, and expands the application scenarios and functions of the device. It also provides a wide voltage detection range to meet the electrochemical parameter detection requirements under different experimental needs and application scenarios, and reduces the manufacturing cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic block diagram of the structure of a portable electrochemical workstation provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a power management module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 3 A flow chart of a detection method for a portable electrochemical workstation provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 4 A graph showing a CV mode bias voltage variation function according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a state machine operation flow chart of the CV mode provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings, but it should be understood that the embodiments and drawings are only used to exemplify the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. All reasonable changes and combinations within the scope of the inventive concept of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] like Figure 1 , this embodiment provides a portable electrochemical workstation, which includes a microprocessor and its peripheral circuits, an analog front-end module, a digital-to-analog converter, an analog-to-digital converter, an analog switch module and a power management module.

[0057] Among them, the power management module is responsible for providing stable power to each module of the device, adjusting the voltage and current, and ensuring the stable operation of each component.

[0058] The microprocessor includes a main processor and a Bluetooth module, where:

[0059] Main processor: performs major control and computing tasks, processes data and executes the core functions of the device.

[0060] Bluetooth module: used for wireless communication, supports Bluetooth protocol, realizes data transmission and device pairing functions, and is linked to the main processor through the serial port.

[0061] Digital-to-analog converter (DAC): Converts digital signals into analog signals and is used to provide bias voltage to the analog front-end module. It is connected to the main processor via SPI.

[0062] Analog-to-digital converter (ADC): converts analog signals into digital signals for analysis and processing by the main processor. It is used to collect the current after amplification and conversion of the analog front-end module and is connected to the main processor via SPI.

[0063] Analog front-end module: used to process and amplify the voltage signal from the DAC and the analog signal of the sensor electrode of the external three-electrode system, expand the output voltage range, and ensure the quality and accuracy of the signal.

[0064] Analog switch module: used to control the path and switch of the analog signal of the analog front-end module, allowing the signal to switch between different components to achieve measurements of different sensitivities, and connected to the main processor through GPIO; different components refer to resistors of different resistance values ​​in the operational amplifier circuit in the analog front-end module, which determine the amplification factor and signal accuracy of the operational amplifier. The larger the amplification factor, the higher the accuracy and the smaller the range.

[0065] The external host computer is a user's mobile phone, computer or other system, which interacts with the device for data and control operations, and is connected to the Bluetooth module via Bluetooth or to the main processor via a serial port.

[0066] The workflow is as follows:

[0067] The user sends commands to the portable electrochemical workstation through the host computer. If Bluetooth connection is used, it is sent to the Bluetooth module through Bluetooth, and then forwarded to the main processor through the serial port by the Bluetooth module. If serial port connection is used, it is directly sent to the main processor through the serial port. The main processor configures the DAC and ADC according to the command, outputs voltage and collects current, and sends the collected results to the host computer through the serial port or to the Bluetooth module through the serial port, and then the Bluetooth module sends it to the host computer through Bluetooth.

[0068] Specifically, the hardware selection scheme of the portable electrochemical workstation is as follows:

[0069] The microprocessor adopts a dual-processor design: the main processor model is STM32L432, based on the ARM Cortex-M4 core, providing 80MHz main frequency, 256KB Flash and rich peripheral interfaces, responsible for control and data processing; the Bluetooth module model is CH582F, which integrates the BLE communication module and focuses on low-power Bluetooth communication.

[0070] The ADS1256 is a high-precision 24-bit Δ-Σ analog-to-digital converter that supports data rates up to 30kSPS and multiple input configurations.

[0071] The digital-to-analog converter (DAC) model used is DAC8568, which is a 12-bit, 8-channel low-power DAC suitable for battery-powered devices and provides a 2.5V reference voltage.

[0072] The operational amplifier used in the analog front-end module is OPA4197, which has four built-in OPA197 operational amplifiers with high precision, low offset and low temperature drift, suitable for various circuit application requirements.

[0073] The design of the power management module is as follows:

[0074] Existing portable electrochemical systems generally have problems such as poor stability, low accuracy and limited voltage range, so the importance of power management is particularly prominent.

[0075] Stable power management is crucial to solving the problem of poor system stability. Miniaturization and complexity may cause the system to be disturbed by power fluctuations or noise, affecting the accurate detection of electrochemical parameters and data reliability. Through precise power selection and management, such as appropriate voltage regulators and voltage converters, interference can be effectively eliminated to ensure stable operation of the system. Power management directly affects the accuracy of the system. Selecting high-quality voltage regulators and precise power control can reduce internal noise and circuit interference in the system and improve the accuracy of electrochemical parameter measurement. In addition, power management can also expand the voltage range output capability of the system. Through appropriate voltage conversion and voltage regulation, a wider range of voltage requirements can be supported to meet the processing requirements of higher voltage signals in specific experiments or application scenarios. Optimized power management is a key strategy to improve the performance and reliability of wearable electrochemical systems, ensuring the stability and practicality of the system in various real-time monitoring and analysis applications.

[0076] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the power management module. The power management module includes a battery charging management circuit, a lithium battery, and a battery / USB power supply switching circuit. The battery / USB power supply switching circuit outputs a 5V voltage, which is connected to a 5V / 3.3V conversion circuit, a 5V voltage regulator circuit, and a 5V / ±15V generation circuit. Specifically:

[0077] (1) Battery charging management circuit: Using the TOP4056 chip, it is designed for single-cell lithium-ion batteries and supports automatic recharging and over-temperature protection to ensure charging safety and battery life.

[0078] (2) Battery / USB power switching circuit: realizes uninterrupted automatic switching, automatically switches to USB power supply when USB is connected, avoiding overcharging and battery damage.

[0079] (3) 5V / 3.3V conversion circuit: uses the SGM2036 chip to convert 5V to 3.3V, providing stable power for low-voltage components.

[0080] (4) 5V voltage regulator circuit: MT3608L is used to boost 5V to 5.67V, and then the TPS7A4901 is used to stabilize the voltage to 5V, ensuring the stability of the ADC and DAC power supply.

[0081] (5) 5V / ±15V generation circuit: MT3608L boosts 5V to ±15.8V, then stabilizes it to +15V by TPS7A4901 and -15V by TPS7A3001, meeting the dual power supply requirements of the operational amplifier and analog multiplexer, extending the acquisition voltage range to ±15V and the bias voltage range to ±10V, enhancing the flexibility and accuracy of the experiment and greatly improving the accuracy and stability of current detection.

[0082] According to the above structural description, after the shell is encapsulated, a complete portable electrochemical workstation is made, which has the following characteristics:

[0083] Portable and wearable: The size is less than 1cm×5cm×5cm and the weight is less than 50g, making the device light and easy to carry, suitable for various mobile and limited-air operation scenarios.

[0084] Low power consumption: The power consumption when all channels are working simultaneously is about 0.8W, and the power consumption when in sleep mode is less than 0.1W, which effectively prolongs the battery life and is suitable for long-term continuous work and mobile application needs.

[0085] Low cost: The production cost is controlled at less than 200 yuan, which reduces the manufacturing cost of the equipment and improves its market competitiveness and popularity.

[0086] High environmental adaptability: The equipment has anti-biostatic, waterproof and dustproof functions, and can operate stably in complex and harsh environments, ensuring the long-term reliability of the equipment.

[0087] Integrated multiple detection modes: Supports 17 commonly used detection modes, including but not limited to multiple electrochemical detections, to meet different experimental needs and application scenarios.

[0088] High stability and acquisition accuracy: The current accuracy reaches 1e-7A, ensuring the accuracy of data acquisition and the reliability of experimental results.

[0089] Multi-channel detection: supports up to 6 channels for simultaneous monitoring, which improves the data acquisition efficiency and the diversified application capabilities of the equipment. Generally speaking, the three-electrode system collects tiny currents, and the analog front-end module is used to convert the tiny currents into voltage signals and amplify them. In the detection process, DAC, ADC, and analog front-end modules must all participate in data processing. Specifically, DAC is responsible for applying excitation (bias voltage), the analog front-end module is responsible for conversion and amplification, and ADC is responsible for collecting the signals converted and amplified by the analog front-end. Each of the 6 channels here has its own independent ADC, DAC, and analog front-end channels, so the channels are independent of each other in hardware and do not interfere with each other.

[0090] Wide range of detection voltage: supports a wide voltage range: the bias voltage range is ±10V, the acquisition current range reaches ±2e-3A, and the acquisition voltage range reaches ±15V, which can adapt to diverse experimental needs and application scenarios.

[0091] The portable electrochemical workstation provided in this embodiment realizes the functions of multi-channel, high voltage range support, multi-mode, and high precision, which are usually functions that can only be realized by desktop workstations.

[0092] Example 2

[0093] A significant drawback of the existing technology is the lack of multi-channel and independent operation of different modes, which limits the ability of the electrochemical workstation to monitor multiple electrochemical parameters or process multiple samples at the same time. In some complex experiments or field monitoring, it is crucial to use multiple channels at the same time and be able to independently run different experimental modes. The design of multi-channel independent operation not only improves the flexibility and efficiency of the experiment, but also expands the breadth of data acquisition and supports more comprehensive experimental design and analysis. Therefore, it is critical to design a detection method that can achieve multi-channel independent operation.

[0094] This embodiment provides a detection method using the portable electrochemical workstation provided in Embodiment 1 to achieve independent operation of multiple channels, which includes the following steps:

[0095] S1: Initialization: The main processor sends configuration instructions to the ADC, DAC, analog front-end module, and Bluetooth module to complete the initial configuration of these modules before they are officially put into operation.

[0096] S2: Standby: The main processor sends instructions to the Bluetooth module to turn on the Bluetooth receiving function and configure the Bluetooth module to wait for connection with the host computer. At the same time, the main processor sends a command to the power management module to configure the power management module to turn off the power supply of the analog front-end module so that the analog front-end module enters a low power consumption state.

[0097] S3: Start working mode: When the host computer is connected to the portable electrochemical workstation, after the Bluetooth module receives the connection information and the command sent by the user through the host computer, the Bluetooth module forwards the command information to the main processor through the asynchronous serial port. The main processor interprets the command and obtains the channel number, operation mode, setting parameters and other information, thereby running the state machine program of the corresponding mode of the opened channel to obtain the detection result.

[0098] In order to enable the 6 channels to be implemented independently, provide the corresponding mode excitation voltage and collect current data and perform calculations at the right time, the collection process of each mode is decomposed into several states and run in the form of a state machine. The state machine program operation includes the following steps:

[0099] S31: The main processor runs the state machine system program of the corresponding mode according to the user instructions forwarded by the Bluetooth module, assigns numbers to each channel that needs to be turned on, sends commands, and binds the corresponding DAC channel and ADC channel to the acquisition channel in the analog front-end module.

[0100] S32: The main processor runs different state machine update programs according to the acquisition mode and parameter information in the user instruction, and determines what task needs to be performed based on the conditions such as the collected current, the provided bias voltage, and the running time.

[0101] S33: The mode of the main processor runs the program to execute tasks, and the executable tasks include: sending a command to the DAC to set the output voltage of the corresponding channel of the DAC to provide the bias voltage required in the current state electrochemical system; sending a command to the ADC to start current detection, and receiving and processing the detected current data; in the Bluetooth connection mode, the recorded voltage, current, time, current integral, current differential value and other data (the specific data type is determined by the mode) are sent to the Bluetooth module through the asynchronous serial port, and the Bluetooth module runs the forwarding program to send the information sent by the main processor to the connected host computer through Bluetooth; in the serial port direct connection mode, the main processor directly sends the above data to the connected host computer through the serial port;

[0102] S34: After executing the task, the main processor is also responsible for determining the next state based on the current state and other conditions, and setting the time for the next state update for the delay between tasks, and cyclically determining whether each open channel needs to execute a task. (The timer in the main processor is responsible for unified time control, ensuring that each state machine is updated according to its set schedule. This ensures that the operations of different channels are carried out within the expected time interval, thereby avoiding mutual interference or conflict.)

[0103] Example 3

[0104] This embodiment is a flow chart of the state machine function running embodiment 2 in the CV mode. Figure 4 This is the CV mode bias voltage change function diagram.

[0105] Cyclic Voltammetry (CV): In cyclic voltammetry, the potential starts from an initial voltage (InitE) and increases linearly to a maximum voltage (HighE) (or decreases to a minimum voltage (LowE) depending on the polarity of the parameter electrode). The potential is then swept back in the opposite direction, cycling between LowE and HighE. After reaching a preset period, it finally stops at a final voltage (FinalE). During this process, the current is recorded as a function of the potential.

[0106] According to the mode operation principle and the bias voltage variation function, such as Figure 5 This is the operation flow chart of the state machine. The operation process is as follows:

[0107] S31: Starting from the initial state, the main processor first records the parameters set by the user, such as sampling time, voltage change amplitude, initial voltage, final voltage, maximum voltage, minimum voltage, etc., and then starts formal operation. In CV mode, it determines whether to enter voltage rise or voltage drop first according to the parameter direction (Derection) given by the user. Taking rise as an example, the next state of the channel is CV_UP (bias voltage rise).

[0108] S32: When the timer reaches the state transition time, the corresponding task of CV_UP is executed: the main processor configures the DAC to increase the bias voltage, and then configures the ADC to collect the current, and sends the collected current and corresponding voltage values ​​in a paired format to the host computer through the serial port, or sends them to the Bluetooth module, which is forwarded to the host computer by the Bluetooth module.

[0109] S33: After completing the task, determine the current bias voltage, number of running rounds and other conditions, set the next state, and then set the next state update time according to the sampling interval in the parameters, and wait for the timer to reach this time before updating the state again and executing the corresponding state task.

[0110] S34: When the status is updated to CV_DONE, the acquisition task has been completed, and the operation of the channel state machine is stopped.

[0111] The detection contents of the remaining 16 detection modes are summarized as follows:

[0112] Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV): In linear sweep voltammetry, the potential is swept linearly from the initial voltage (InitE) to the final voltage (FinalE). The current is recorded as a function of the potential.

[0113] Staircase Voltammetry (SCV): In staircase voltammetry, the potential is increased from an initial voltage E to a final E, and may be swept back (determined by parameters). The current is sampled after each potential increment and recorded as a function of potential.

[0114] Tafel Plot technique(TAFEL): In the Tafel plot technique, the potential is swept from an initial E to a final E. The potential may be held there and then swept back. The logarithm of the current is recorded as a function of the potential.

[0115] Chronoamperometry (CA): In chronoamperometry, the potential is stepped from an initial E to a high E (or low E) and then back to a low E (or high E) depending on the initial P / N, and this step is repeated until a preset period is reached. The current is recorded as a function of time.

[0116] Chronocoulometry (CC): In chronocoulometry, the potential is stepped from an initial E to a final E and then back to the initial E until a preset period is reached. The charge across the working electrode is recorded as a function of time.

[0117] Differential Pulse Voltammetry(DPV): In differential pulse voltammetry, the potential is stepped at fixed intervals from an initial E to a final E, and a potential pulse is applied at each step. The current is sampled before the potential pulse and at the end of the pulse. The difference between these two current samples is recorded as a function of the potential.

[0118] Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV): In normal pulse voltammetry (NPV), the base potential is held at the initial potential E and a series of potential pulses of increasing amplitude are applied. The current at the end of each potential pulse is sampled and recorded as a function of the pulse potential.

[0119] Differential Normal Pulse Voltammetry(DNPV): In differential normal pulse voltammetry, the base potential is held at an initial potential E and a series of two-potential pulses are applied. The amplitude of the first pulse is incremented after each iteration and the second pulse has a constant amplitude relative to the first pulse. The current is sampled at the end of the two potential pulses and the difference between these two values ​​is recorded as a function of the potential of the first pulse.

[0120] Square Wave Voltammetry(SWV): In square wave voltammetry, the base potential is incremented from an initial E to a final E. A square wave potential is superimposed on the base potential, incrementing after each cycle of the square wave. The current is sampled at the end of the forward and reverse steps and recorded as a function of the base potential. During the experiment, only the difference between the two current samples is displayed. After the experiment, the forward and reverse currents are also available for display.

[0121] Amperometric it curve technique(it): In amperometric it curve technique, a constant potential is applied and the variation of current with time is recorded.

[0122] Differential Pulse Amperometry (DPA): In differential pulse amperometry, a cleaning potential can be applied for electrode conditioning, during which no current is sampled. Two potential pulses are applied after the cleaning step, and the current at the end of each pulse is recorded over time. During the experiment, only the difference between the two current samples is displayed. After the experiment, the current response to the two potential pulses will also be available for display.

[0123] Double Differential Pulse Amperometry (DDPA): Double Differential Pulse Amperometry alternates between two instances of Differential Pulse Amperometry, recording and displaying two sets of data. In each case, a cleaning potential can be applied for electrode conditioning, during which no current is sampled. Two potential pulses are applied after the cleaning step, and the current at the end of each pulse is recorded over time. During the experiment, only the difference between the two current samples is displayed. At the end of the experiment, the current responses to the two potential pulses will also be available for display.

[0124] Triple Pulse Amperometry(TPA): In triple pulse amperometry, three potential pulses are applied. The first two pulses are used for electrode conditioning or cleaning. The current is sampled at the end of the third potential pulse and recorded as a function of time. The third potential pulse can be constant or incremented after each cycle.

[0125] Integrated Pulse Amperometric Detection (IPAD): In integrated pulse amperometric detection, a six-segment potential sweep or step is applied. The current is sampled and integrated during the first four segments. Electrode conditioning or cleaning occurs during the last two steps. The integrated current is averaged and recorded as a function of time.

[0126] Sweep-Step Functions (SSF): In the sweep-step function technique, the instrument alternates between six potential sweeps and six potential steps, and by setting the parameters small enough, any segment can be skipped, thereby enhancing the flexibility of waveform control. The current is recorded as a function of time; for the sweep segment, it can also be expressed as a function of potential.

[0127] Multi-Potential Steps technique (STEP): In the multi-potential steps technique, twelve potential steps are applied and cycled. The current is recorded as a function of time.

[0128] The above embodiments are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable electrochemical workstation, characterized in that: It includes: A microprocessor, the microprocessor comprising a main processor and a Bluetooth module, the main processor being used to perform control and computing tasks; The Bluetooth module supports the Bluetooth protocol and is used for wireless communication with the host computer, data transmission and device pairing. It is connected to the main processor through a serial port; An analog front-end module, which is used to process and amplify the voltage signal from the digital-to-analog converter and the analog signal of the sensor electrode of the three-electrode system, expand the output voltage range and ensure the quality and accuracy of the signal; The digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the digital signal transmitted by the main processor into an analog signal, and provide a bias voltage to the analog front-end module, and is connected to the main processor via SPI; An analog-to-digital converter, which is used to convert the analog signal transmitted by the analog front-end module into a digital signal for analysis and processing by the main processor, and collect the current amplified and converted by the analog front-end module, and is connected to the main processor via SPI; An analog switch module, which is used to control the path and switch of the analog signal of the analog front-end module, allowing the signal to switch between different components to achieve measurements of different sensitivities, and is connected to the main processor through GPIO; The power management module is used to provide stable power to each module and adjust voltage and current.

2. The portable electrochemical workstation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model of the main processor is selected from STM32L432.

3. The portable electrochemical workstation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Bluetooth module model is selected from CH582F.

4. The portable electrochemical workstation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The operational amplifier model of the analog front-end module is selected from OPA4197.

5. The portable electrochemical workstation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The model of the analog-to-digital converter is selected from ADS1256; the model of the digital-to-analog converter is selected from DAC8568.

6. The portable electrochemical workstation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management module includes a battery charging management circuit, a lithium battery and a battery / USB power supply switching circuit. The battery / USB power supply switching circuit outputs a 5V voltage, which is respectively connected to a 5V / 3.3V conversion circuit, a 5V voltage stabilization circuit and a 5V / ±15V generation circuit.

7. The portable electrochemical workstation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The model of the battery charging management circuit is selected from TOP4056; the model of the 5V / 3.3V conversion circuit is selected from SGM2036; the model of the 5V voltage stabilization circuit is selected from MT3608L; the model of the 5V / ±15V generation circuit is selected from MT3608L, TPS7A4901 and TPS7A3001.

8. A method for detecting a portable electrochemical workstation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: S1: Initialization: The main processor sends configuration instructions to the digital-to-analog converter, the analog-to-digital converter, the analog front-end module, and the Bluetooth module to complete the initial configuration before formal operation; S2: Standby: The main processor sends an instruction to the Bluetooth module to turn on the receiving function of the Bluetooth module and configure the Bluetooth module to wait for connection with the host computer. At the same time, the main processor sends a command to the power management module to configure the power management module to turn off the power supply of the analog front-end module, so that the analog front-end module enters a low power consumption state; S3: Start working mode: When the host computer is connected to the portable electrochemical workstation, after the Bluetooth module receives the connection information and the command sent by the user through the host computer, the Bluetooth module forwards the command information to the main processor through the asynchronous serial port, and the main processor interprets the command to obtain the channel number, operation mode, and setting parameter information, thereby running the state machine program of the corresponding mode of the opened channel to obtain the detection result.

9. The detection method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The state machine procedure in step S3 includes the following steps: S31: the main processor runs the state machine system program of the corresponding mode according to the user instruction forwarded by the Bluetooth module, assigns a number to each channel to be opened, sends a command, and binds the corresponding DAC channel and ADC channel to the acquisition channel in the analog front-end module; S32: The main processor runs different state machine update programs according to the acquisition mode and parameter information in the user instruction, and determines what task needs to be executed according to the conditions of the acquired current, the provided bias voltage, and the running time; S33: The mode of the main processor runs the program to execute tasks, and the executable tasks include: sending a command to the DAC to set the output voltage of the corresponding channel of the digital-to-analog converter to provide the bias voltage required in the current state of the electrochemical system; sending a command to the analog-to-digital converter to start current detection, and receiving and processing the detected current data; in the Bluetooth connection mode, the recorded voltage, current, time, current integral, and current differential value data are sent to the Bluetooth module through the asynchronous serial port, and the Bluetooth module runs Forwarding Program , the information sent by the main processor is sent to the connected host computer through the Bluetooth module; in the serial port direct connection mode, the main processor directly sends the data to the connected host computer through the serial port; S34: After executing the task, the main processor determines the next state according to the current state and other conditions, and sets the time for the next state update for the delay between tasks, and cyclically determines whether each opened channel needs to execute a task.

10. The detection method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The detection mode of the state machine program is selected from Cyclic Voltammetry, Linear Sweep Voltammetry, Staircase Voltammetry, Tafel Plottechnique, Chronoamperometry, Chronocoulometry, Differential Pulse Voltammetry, Normal Pulse Voltammetry, Differential Normal Pulse Voltammetry, Square WaveVoltammetry, Amperometric it Curve technique, Differential Pulse Amperometry, Double Differential Pulse Amperometry, Triple Pulse Amperometry, IntegratedPulse Amperometric Detection, Sweep-Step Functions or Multi-Potential Stepstechnique.

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