Method, system and detection device for detecting partial discharge signal by Rydberg atoms

Abstract

The invention discloses a method, a system and a detection device for detecting a partial discharge signal by Rydberg atoms, and the method comprises the steps: receiving the Rydberg atoms and optical signals prepared in a cesium atom steam chamber by a photoelectric detector, obtaining an electromagnetic induction transparent spectrum, and taking the electromagnetic induction transparent spectrum as an electromagnetic induction transparent background spectrum; the propagation direction of the signal to be measured is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atom steam chamber; preparing Rydberg atoms in a cesium atom steam chamber, receiving the electromagnetically-induced transparent spectrum under the influence of the to-be-detected signal by a photoelectric detector, and taking the electromagnetically-induced transparent spectrum as a to-be-detected electromagnetically-induced transparent spectrum; and comparing the to-be-detected electromagnetic induction transparent spectrum with the electromagnetic induction transparent background spectrum, if the spectrum has a signal peak, indicating that the to-be-detected signal has partial discharge, and if the spectrum does not have the signal peak, indicating that the to-be-detected signal does not have partial discharge. And arc signal frequency spectrum measurement without a local oscillation field is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of partial discharge field detection, and in particular to a method, system and detection device for detecting partial discharge signals with Rydberg atoms. Background Art

[0003] The fault arc can be regarded as a nonlinear resistor in the circuit, and the current is small, which cannot be detected and blocked by the traditional leakage protection switch. At present, the detection methods of fault arc mainly include intrusive detection methods based on time-frequency domain analysis of voltage and current data and pattern recognition algorithms. Based on the physical characteristics outside the fault arc circuit system, the non-intrusive detection method analyzes the acoustic signals, light signals, electromagnetic radiation signals, thermal signals, etc. emitted by it.

[0004] At present, the research on arc fault detection based on arc RF signals mostly uses traditional metal antennas to receive the RF signals emitted by the fault arc. The fault arc can be identified by using the characteristic frequency band of the arc RF signals at the MHz level, and the distance to the fault arc can be judged according to the strength of the RF signal received by the antenna.

[0005] Traditional metal antennas face many limitations in detecting electromagnetic waves based on the principle of electric dipole resonance, such as the Chu limit in size, Johnson–Nyquist noise that limits sensitivity, and the disturbance of the metal itself to the measured field. Rydberg atomic electric field sensors without the above limitations are booming and can achieve precise measurement of parameters such as electric field strength, polarization, and phase. Non-metallic Rydberg atomic electric field sensors have the advantages of self-calibration and are isotropic in response to electric fields. In theory, the frequency range that Rydberg atomic electric field sensors can measure covers DC to terahertz, and the electric field power sensitivity limit reaches -189dBm / Hz. The outermost electrons of Rydberg atoms are in a highly excited state with a large principal quantum number, have a large electric dipole moment, and are sensitive to electric fields of various frequencies. Rydberg atomic electric field sensors use optical methods to achieve non-destructive detection of atoms. The principles are electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT), AC Stark shift, and Autler-Townes (AT) splitting.

[0006] At present, the achievements of Rydberg atoms in electric field sensing and communication are constantly emerging, such as improving the accuracy of electric field measurements based on critical phase transitions, real-time measurement of a wide spectrum, and reception of digital and analog signals.

[0007] Traditional methods cannot avoid the problem of using electric dipole antennas to complete the reading of fault signals, which causes traditional sensing equipment to be easily broken down and damaged by the polarization of fault signals in high-voltage environments.

[0008] In the prior art, the invention patent with the patent publication number CN114487621A discloses a continuous frequency electric field measurement device and method based on the AC Stark effect of Rydberg atoms. The cesium atomic vapor pool is used as the atomic sample pool, and the cesium atoms are excited to the Rydberg state under the action of the detection light and coupling light emitted by two laser light sources. The electric field measurement is performed by electromagnetically induced transparent spectroscopy. The invention needs to use a strong electric field as the local field to construct a heterodyne signal, and can only detect continuous frequency microwave electric fields. It is not suitable for local discharge detection scenarios and cannot be used in high-voltage environments. Summary of the invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a non-invasive fault arc detection method under high voltage environment.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0011] A method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, comprising:

[0012] The Rydberg atoms prepared in the cesium atomic vapor chamber, the optical signal is received by the photodetector, and the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum is obtained, which is used as the electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum;

[0013] The propagation direction of the signal to be measured is placed perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber; Rydberg atoms are then prepared in the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and the photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum under the influence of the signal to be measured, and uses it as the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected;

[0014] The electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected is compared with the electromagnetic induced transparent background spectrum. If there is a signal peak in the spectrum, it indicates that local discharge exists in the signal to be detected. If there is no signal peak, it indicates that there is no local discharge in the signal to be detected.

[0015] The response of Rydberg atom electric field sensor to the radio frequency signal of arc lighter was studied through Cs atom EIT spectrum, and a local discharge field detection method based on Rydberg atoms was invented.

[0016] The present invention uses a non-metallic Rydberg atomic electric field sensor to non-invasively detect arc signals, which provides a new idea for detecting fault arcs in circuit systems and expands the application scenarios of Rydberg atomic electric field sensors.

[0017] The present invention can directly measure arc signals, and the frequency measurement result is consistent with the result of the traditional metal passive antenna, and the distance of the arc can be judged by the strength of the received arc signal.

[0018] In one embodiment of the invention, Rydberg atoms are prepared, including: ground state |6S 1 / 2>、First low excited state|6S 3 / 2 >, second lowest excited state | 7S 1 / 2 > and Rydberg state | 49P 3 / 2 > and probe light, decorative light and coupling light of different wavelengths; wherein the probe light, decorative light and coupling light drive the energy level step

[0019] In one embodiment of the invention, the detection light, the decoration light and the coupling light overlap and pass through the cesium atomic vapor chamber, forming a Rydberg atomic antenna detection area in the cesium atomic vapor chamber; the signal to be measured is detected through the Rydberg atomic antenna detection area;

[0020] Wherein, obtaining the Rydberg atomic antenna detection area includes the following steps:

[0021] The detection light is incident on the cesium atomic vapor chamber in parallel, passes through the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and is received by the photodetector;

[0022] The decorated light and the coupled light are incident on the cesium atomic vapor chamber in the opposite direction of the propagation direction of the detection light; the detection light, the decorated light and the coupled light form a Rydberg atomic antenna detection area in the cesium atomic vapor chamber.

[0023] In one embodiment of the invention, when obtaining the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected or the electromagnetic induced transparent background spectrum, it includes:

[0024] Frequency-driven resonant transitions of probe light via saturated absorption spectral locking Frequency-driven resonant transition of the dress light by two-photon spectral locking formed by overlapping the probe light and the dress light in the cesium atomic vapor cell Then by scanning the coupled light and energy level transition Detuning Δ c Then the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected or the electromagnetic induced transparent background spectrum is obtained.

[0025] In one embodiment of the invention, the detection light is evenly divided into two beams of light, which pass through the cesium atomic vapor chamber together to reach the photodetector; one beam of light is used as the detection light to participate in constructing the electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum or the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected, and the other beam of light is used as the reference light; these two beams of light are differentially amplified after being detected by the photodetector to suppress the common mode signal.

[0026] In one embodiment of the invention, if there is partial discharge in the signal to be tested, the frequency spectrum characteristics of the signal to be tested are used to present a frequency comb spectrum to spontaneously form a beat signal; and the beat signal is detected by the Rydberg atoms.

[0027] In one embodiment of the invention, when obtaining the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected, the farthest vertical distance between the signal to be detected and the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber is determined by the following method:

[0028] After placing the propagation direction of the simulated partial discharge signal perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber; at the same time, changing the vertical distance between the partial discharge signal and the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber from small to large, the photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum under the influence of the partial discharge signal until the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum cannot display the partial discharge signal;

[0029] The distance corresponding to when the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum cannot show the local discharge signal is taken as the farthest vertical distance between the signal to be measured and the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber.

[0030] In one embodiment of the invention, an arc lighter simulates the generation of a partial discharge signal.

[0031] In one embodiment of the invention, the present invention further provides a system for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, which executes the above-mentioned method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, comprising:

[0032] EIT background module, used for Rydberg atoms prepared in a cesium atomic vapor chamber, the optical signal is received by a photodetector to obtain an electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum, which is used as an electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum;

[0033] The EIT module to be detected is used to place the propagation direction of the signal to be detected perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber; then Rydberg atoms are prepared in the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and the photoelectric detector receives the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum under the influence of the signal to be detected, and uses it as the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected;

[0034] The partial discharge judgment module is used to compare the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected with the electromagnetic induced transparent background spectrum. If there is a signal peak in the spectrum, it indicates that there is partial discharge in the signal to be detected. If there is no signal peak, it indicates that there is no partial discharge in the signal to be detected.

[0035] The present invention also provides a detection device, which is applied to the method of detecting local discharge signals with Rydberg atoms as described above, comprising: a cesium atom vapor chamber and a photodetector; and a device for emitting a signal to be detected, which is located on one side of the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the propagation direction of the signal to be detected is placed perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber; the light signal of the Rydberg atoms produced in the cesium atom vapor chamber is received by the photodetector to obtain an electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum or an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected.

[0036] In one embodiment of the invention, the detection device includes a first dichroic mirror, a second dichroic mirror, a third dichroic mirror and a light collector; the first dichroic mirror and the light collector are located at one end of the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and the light collector is located on one side of the first dichroic mirror; the second dichroic mirror and the third dichroic mirror are located at the other end of the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and the second dichroic mirror is located in front of the photodetector;

[0037] The preparation of Rydberg atoms involves three lasers of different wavelengths, namely, probe light, decoration light, and coupling light;

[0038] The detection light passes through the first dichroic mirror and enters the cesium atomic vapor chamber in parallel, and after passing through the cesium atomic vapor chamber and the second dichroic mirror, is received by the photodetector;

[0039] The decorated light and the coupled light pass through the third dichroic mirror, are reflected by the second dichroic mirror, enter the cesium atomic vapor chamber, propagate in the opposite direction to the detection light, and form an atomic antenna detection area with the detection light in the cesium atomic vapor chamber, then pass through the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and are received by the light collector through the first dichroic mirror.

[0040] In one embodiment of the invention, during the experiment, an arc lighter is used to simulate the generation of the signal to be tested.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Rydberg atoms are neutral particles in a gas phase and are difficult to be polarized by high voltage, and all-optical detection ensures the safety of reading arc signals.

[0042] Using three-photon laser to excite ground-state cesium atoms into Rydberg atoms involves more atomic energy levels. Multi-level path excitation can improve the atomic excitation efficiency and avoid the use of higher-power lasers in achieving arc signal detection tasks.

[0043] The present invention aims at the frequency domain characteristics of the frequency comb spectrum of the high-voltage pulse arc radio frequency signal, and optimizes the preprocessing process of the measured signal before being measured by the Rydberg atomic antenna, that is, obtaining a low-frequency beat frequency signal through the self-modulation phenomenon of the pulse arc. On the basis of applying the atomic superheterodyne principle, the use of an additional local oscillator microwave source is avoided, the use and operation process of the equipment are simplified, and no additional local oscillator microwave field signal source is used. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the energy levels of a cesium atom according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of a self-excited boost circuit of an arc lighter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 5 4 is a time domain waveform diagram of an arc signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 6 Graphs 1 and 2 show the changes in EIT spectrum response before and after applying an arc signal at different distances according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 7 This is a frequency domain comparison diagram of arc signals received by the metal passive antenna and the Rydberg atomic antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the effect of the vertical distance between an arc lighter and a Rydberg atomic antenna on arc detection according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of nonlinear fitting of arc signal intensity attenuation with distance according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Fig.10 A system block diagram of a Rydberg atom detection partial discharge signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0055] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, comprising:

[0058] S10, Rydberg atoms prepared in a cesium atomic vapor chamber, the light signal is received by a photodetector to obtain the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum, which is used as the electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum.

[0059] See also Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the process of preparing the Rydberg atomic state uses four energy levels and three different wavelengths of laser light, including the ground state |6S12 >、First low excited state|6S 32 >, second lowest excited state | 7S 12 > and Rydberg state | 49P 32 > and the probe light with a wavelength of 852nm, the decoration light with a wavelength of 1470nm and the coupling light with a wavelength of 780nm. Among them, the probe light, the decoration light and the coupling light drive the energy level step respectively

[0060] S20, placing the propagation direction of the signal to be measured perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber; then preparing Rydberg atoms in the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and the photoelectric detector receives the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum under the influence of the signal to be measured, and uses it as the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected.

[0061] See also Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, a Rydberg atomic antenna detection area is formed in a cesium atomic vapor chamber, and the signal to be tested is detected by the Rydberg atomic antenna detection area. Among them, the technical principles of obtaining the electromagnetic induced transparent background spectrum and obtaining the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected are the same, except that when obtaining the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected, the formed Rydberg atomic antenna detection area is used to detect the signal to be tested. In order to ensure the simplicity of the description, this embodiment is illustrated by taking the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected as an example.

[0062] In this embodiment, the detection light is evenly divided into two beams, and the two identical 852nm laser beams are incident on the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10 in parallel, pass through the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10 and reach the photodetector 20. One of the 852nm laser beams overlaps with the 1470nm and 780nm laser beams propagating in the opposite direction in the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10. The radio frequency signal source that emits the signal to be measured is placed perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser beam in the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10. The other 852 laser beam is used as a reference light, and is differentially amplified with the 852nm laser beam that constructs the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to suppress the common mode signal and reduce the noise floor of the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to eliminate the Doppler broadening of the cesium atomic absorption spectrum, the frequency of the probe light is locked by saturated absorption spectrum to drive the resonant transition. The frequency-driven resonant transition of the dressing light is driven by the two-photon spectrum locking of the dressing light formed by the overlap of the probe light and the dressing light in the cesium atomic vapor cell (10) Finally, by scanning the coupled light and energy level transition Detuning Δ c Then the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected or the electromagnetic induced transparent background spectrum is obtained.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, the probe light and the reference light propagate in parallel through a 7 cm long cesium atom vapor chamber 10, where the probe light overlaps with the counter-propagating coupled light and the decoration light to form a Rydberg atom antenna detection region. The ground state cesium atoms move to the overlapping region of the three laser beams and interact with them, and are excited to become Rydberg atoms. The probe light transmission is enhanced, and we obtain the electromagnetically induced transparent spectral signal of the Rydberg atom.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present invention, if there is partial discharge in the signal to be measured, the frequency spectrum characteristics of the signal to be measured are used to present a frequency comb spectrum, and a beat frequency signal is spontaneously formed; and the beat frequency signal is detected by the Rydberg atom. The traditional Rydberg atom frequency measurement scheme must measure the beat frequency of the local oscillator signal and the signal to be measured to achieve frequency measurement. In this embodiment, the frequency spectrum characteristics of the local discharge signal are used to present a frequency comb spectrum, and a beat frequency signal can be spontaneously formed. The arc signal spectrum measurement without the local oscillator field can be achieved, and the local oscillator microwave part is removed.

[0066] S30, comparing the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected with the electromagnetic induced transparent background spectrum. If there is a signal peak in the spectrum, it indicates that there is partial discharge in the signal to be detected; if there is no signal peak, it indicates that there is no partial discharge in the signal to be detected.

[0067] See also Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the detection principle of this method is described below:

[0068] The electric arc is a phenomenon in which the gas is ionized into plasma due to an overly strong electric field, generating a current passing through it. The arc discharge in an arc lighter is driven by its own battery voltage, and the arc it generates can be approximated as a cylindrical high-temperature plasma gas mass. The real-time changing current generated by the arc will radiate electromagnetic waves outward, and the intensity of the electromagnetic wave radiation is related to the rate of change of the current. For a point arc with a very short arc length, the radiated electric field intensity E(t) satisfies the following relationship:

[0069]

[0070] In the formula, ε 0 The vacuum dielectric constant is represented by c, the speed of light is represented by t, and the current is represented by I. The frequency components of the electromagnetic radiation of the arc are concentrated in the range of tens of MHz, and the characteristic frequency usually has no dependence on the arc current amplitude, which provides a basis for judging whether there is an arc based on the arc characteristic frequency.

[0071] In this embodiment, a commercial arc lighter is used to simulate the generation of a fault arc. The core structure of the arc lighter is a self-excited boost circuit. Figure 4 shown. Figure 5(a) shows that the arc signal of the arc lighter is a pulse evenly distributed in the time domain, and the time interval between two adjacent pulses is 30us. The pulses of α and β correspond to the process of two high-voltage electrodes alternately discharging and emitting RF signals. Figure 5 (b) is the waveform of a single pulse, which directly shows the single discharge process of the self-excited boost circuit above. The large peak corresponds to the turn-on and turn-off process of the transistor, and the small peak corresponds to the oscillation of the residual induced electromotive force of the circuit after the transistor is turned off.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present invention, a Rydberg atom refers to an atom having highly excited electrons (with a large principal quantum number n), and its orbital radius is large (proportional to n). 2 ), has a very long life (proportional to n 3 ), a large polarizability (proportional to n 7 ), which is sensitive to the external electric field. The frequency of the arc signal is in the MHz range, which is much smaller than the transition frequency between Rydberg atomic energy levels. The interaction between the arc signal and the Rydberg atoms is a non-resonant coupling. Through the AC Stark effect, the measurement of the RF electric field can be transferred to the frequency measurement of the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum.

[0073] See also Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention also analyzes the vertical distance between the detection device and the signal to be detected, in order to determine the maximum distance between the detection device and the signal to be detected when actually used. The details are as follows:

[0074] After placing the propagation direction of the simulated local discharge signal perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and at the same time changing the vertical distance between the local discharge signal and the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber from small to large, the photodetector receives the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum under the influence of the local discharge signal until the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum can no longer display the local discharge signal.

[0075] The distance corresponding to when the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum cannot show the local discharge signal is taken as the farthest vertical distance between the signal to be measured and the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber.

[0076] In this embodiment, the arc signal is measured using three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency in the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10. The ground-state Cs atoms move to the overlapping region of the three laser beams and interact with them, and are excited into Rydberg atoms. The detection light transmission is enhanced, and we obtain the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum signal of the Rydberg atoms. The vertical distance R between the lighter arc and the overlapping region of the three laser beams in the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10 is changed from small to large until the Rydberg atom antenna cannot detect the arc signal, and the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum response and frequency domain data at different distances of R = 1 to 8 cm are obtained, see Figure 6 shown.

[0077] At the same time, this embodiment also uses a traditional metal passive antenna to receive arc signals as a control to verify the reliability of the Rydberg atomic antenna in detecting the radio frequency signal.

[0078] In this embodiment, the three-photon electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum of the Cs atomic system can be described by the Lambert-Beer law. When the detection light passes through the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10, the transmission process satisfies the following formula:

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] In the formula, I t It is expressed as the intensity of the probe light after passing through the cesium atomic vapor chamber, I 0 It is expressed as the light intensity before entering the cesium atomic vapor chamber, k p is represented by the detection light wave vector, Im is represented by the imaginary part, and x 21 is the complex magnetic susceptibility after taking into account the Doppler effect, l is the length of the cesium atomic vapor chamber, u is the most probable atomic velocity, and d 21 Expressed as energy level The transition dipole moment matrix element, N 0 is the atomic density, v is the atomic velocity, Expressed as the reduced Planck constant, Ω p Expressed as the Rabi frequency of the probe light, ρ 21 Expressed as density matrix element, K B is the Boltzmann constant, T is the atomic temperature, M Cs Expressed as atomic mass. 21 It is necessary to obtain the steady-state solution of the density matrix through numerical calculation.

[0082] In this embodiment, according to the time domain data of the arc signal Figure 5 (a) By ignoring the noise floor approximation method, the mathematical form of the RF signal electric field can be abstracted using the Dirac comb function E arc (t) to describe, such as:

[0083]

[0084] In the formula, E k is the intensity of the kth pulse, δ is the delta function, T arc It is expressed as a pulse interval of 30us. After the external RF signal is applied, the Rydberg atoms feel the electric field component in the RF signal. Due to the AC Stark effect, the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum moves as a whole by Δf EIT , at this time the coupling light detuning becomes Δ' c , the expression is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, α is the polarizability. When receiving the arc signal, at a fixed coupling light detuning (such as Δ c =0), the frequency domain distribution of the EIT spectrum is theoretically the same as the spectrum of the arc signal, but there is a difference in amplitude.

[0087] In this embodiment, the EIT spectrum of Cs atoms is firstly used to directly detect the radio frequency signal generated when the arc lighter discharges. The results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the gray curve R = ∞ is the three-photon EIT spectrum of Cs atoms when no external RF signal is actively applied; the colored series of curves R = 1-8 cm are the three-photon EIT spectra of Cs atoms when arc signals are applied at different vertical distances between the arc signal and the atomic antenna. c =0 is the most sensitive to arc signal response; detuning Δ′ c The larger the value, the weaker the system's response to the arc signal. Comparison of the EIT spectra before and after the arc signal is applied shows that the Rydberg atomic system has a significant response to the RF signal generated by the arc lighter; the system response decays rapidly with increasing distance.

[0088] In this embodiment, in order to obtain clearer information about the arc signal, the present invention is performed on the EIT spectrum peak (Δ c =0) to obtain the frequency domain data of the arc signal, and compared it with the results of the traditional metal passive antenna, such as Figure 7 shown. Figure 7 (a) is the frequency domain data of the arc signal measured by the metal passive antenna. The gray line represents the background electromagnetic spectrum of the laboratory; the blue line represents the spectrum of the arc signal. The arc signal peaks are evenly distributed in the frequency domain, with an average frequency interval of Δf = 16.84kHz. Two types of peaks can be distinguished, which is consistent with Figure 5 The results of (a) are consistent. Figure 7 (a) shows the results of the arc signal in the 2MHz frequency domain. In fact, in the 40MHz frequency domain, the arc signal is also evenly distributed, and the signal intensity decreases with the increase of frequency until it cannot be observed. Figure 7 (b) is the frequency domain data of the arc signal measured by the Rydberg atomic antenna. The gray line represents the background electromagnetic spectrum of the laboratory; the red line represents the spectrum of the arc signal. The arc signal peaks are also evenly distributed in the frequency domain, with an average frequency interval of ΔF = 16.86kHz≈Δf, and two types of peaks can also be distinguished. The intensity of the arc signal decreases rapidly with increasing frequency, which is related to the instantaneous bandwidth of the Rydberg atomic system. For the two measurement systems, we deduct the noise floor of the arc signal to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio, such as Figure 7(c) As shown. In both measurement methods, the vertical distance between the arc signal source and the antenna is 1 cm. The two sets of signal-to-noise ratio data of the arc signal peak are almost completely overlapped in the frequency domain within 2MHz. The signal-to-noise ratio of the arc signal measured by the Rydberg atomic antenna is better than that of the traditional antenna in the low frequency range of 0 to 250kHz, and the SNR is greater than or equal to 10 in the full frequency range of the experimental measurement. The experimental results show that the Rydberg atomic antenna can directly measure the arc signal and obtain the frequency domain information of the arc signal, but the maximum frequency measurement range is limited by the sensitivity and instantaneous bandwidth of the system.

[0089] In this embodiment, the present invention quantitatively studies the influence of the vertical distance between the arc lighter and the Rydberg atomic antenna on the detection arc. The vertical distance is controlled to change from small to large, ranging from 1 cm to 8 cm. The results are as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the vertical distance between the measurement process control signal source and the Rydberg atomic antenna is 1 to 8 cm, with a step length of 1 cm. Only the frequency domain diagram of the arc signal when R = 2, 3, 5, and 8 cm is shown here. The arc signal strength decays with increasing distance, but the frequency characteristics are clearly discernible. At a distance of 8 cm, the arc signal intensity is close to the noise floor, and the maximum resolvable signal frequency is 269 kHz. For higher-power arcs, the Rydberg atomic antenna theoretically has a longer detection distance. In theory, electromagnetic waves propagate in space, and the attenuated power is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. The present invention selects data at different distances and a frequency of 269 kHz for fitting, and the fitting function is P = a + b × (R + c) -2 ,like Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, the black dots are the average values ​​of the experimental multiple measurement results, and the error bar data is the standard deviation; the red solid line is the fitting function. P represents power, R represents distance, and a, b, and c represent fitting parameters. The chi-square test of goodness of fit shows that the reduced chi-square is 1.388 (very close to 1); the coefficient of determination is 0.982 (very close to 1). The fitting results show that the relationship between the detected arc signal power and distance can be described by the fitting function, which is consistent with the theory. This shows that the distance of the arc can be judged based on the detected arc signal strength.

[0090] Example 2

[0091] See also Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the present invention also provides a system for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, which executes the method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms described in Example 1, including:

[0092] The EIT background module 100 is used for preparing Rydberg atoms in a cesium atomic vapor chamber. The optical signal is received by a photodetector to obtain an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum, which is used as an electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum.

[0093] The EIT module 200 to be detected is used to place the propagation direction of the signal to be detected perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber; then Rydberg atoms are prepared in the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and the photoelectric detector receives the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum under the influence of the signal to be detected and uses it as the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected.

[0094] The partial discharge judgment module 300 is used to compare the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected with the electromagnetic induced transparent background spectrum. If there is a signal peak in the spectrum, it indicates that the signal to be detected has partial discharge; if there is no signal peak, it indicates that the signal to be detected does not have partial discharge.

[0095] Example 3

[0096] See also Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the present invention also provides a detection device, which is applied to the method of detecting partial discharge signals by Rydberg atoms described in Example 1, comprising: a cesium atom vapor chamber 10 and a photodetector 20. A device 50 for emitting a signal to be detected is located on one side of the cesium atom vapor chamber 10, and the propagation direction of the signal to be detected is placed perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber 10. The Rydberg atoms produced in the cesium atom vapor chamber 10, the optical signal is received by the photodetector 20, and the electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum or the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected is obtained.

[0097] In one embodiment of the present invention, the detection device includes a first dichroic mirror 31, a second dichroic mirror 32, a third dichroic mirror 33 and a light collector 40. The first dichroic mirror 31 and the light collector 40 are located at one end of the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10, and the light collector 40 is located on one side of the first dichroic mirror 31. The second dichroic mirror 32 and the third dichroic mirror 33 are located at the other end of the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10, and the second dichroic mirror 32 is located before the photodetector 20.

[0098] In this embodiment, the preparation of Rydberg atoms includes three lasers of different wavelengths, namely, detection light, decoration light and coupling light. The detection light passes through the first dichroic mirror 31 and enters the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10 in parallel, and passes through the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10 and the second dichroic mirror 32, and is received by the photodetector 20. The decoration light and the coupling light pass through the third dichroic mirror 33, and then are reflected by the second dichroic mirror 32, and are incident on the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10 and propagate in the opposite direction to the detection light, and in the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10, after forming an atomic antenna detection area with the detection light, pass through the cesium atomic vapor chamber 10, and then pass through the first dichroic mirror 31 to be received by the light collector 40. And in this embodiment, during the experiment, an arc lighter is used to simulate the generation of the signal to be measured.

[0099] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting from any point of view, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention, and any reference numerals in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0100] The above-described embodiments merely represent implementation methods of the invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements may be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, characterized in that: include: The Rydberg atoms prepared in the cesium atomic vapor chamber, the optical signal is received by the photodetector, and the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum is obtained, which is used as the electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum; The propagation direction of the signal to be measured is placed perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber; Rydberg atoms are then prepared in the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and the photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum under the influence of the signal to be measured, and uses it as the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected; The electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected is compared with the electromagnetic induced transparent background spectrum. If there is a signal peak in the spectrum, it indicates that local discharge exists in the signal to be detected. If there is no signal peak, it indicates that there is no local discharge in the signal to be detected.

2. The method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Preparation of Rydberg atoms, including: Ground state | 6S 1 / 2 >、First low excited state|6S 3 / 2 >, the second lowest excited state | 7S 1 / 2 > and Rydberg state | 49P 3 / 2 > and probe light, decorative light and coupling light of different wavelengths; wherein the probe light, decorative light and coupling light drive the energy level step 3. The method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection light, the decoration light and the coupling light overlap and pass through the cesium atomic vapor chamber, forming a Rydberg atomic antenna detection area in the cesium atomic vapor chamber; the signal to be measured is detected through the Rydberg atomic antenna detection area; Wherein, obtaining the Rydberg atomic antenna detection area includes the following steps: The detection light is incident on the cesium atomic vapor chamber in parallel, passes through the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and is received by the photodetector; The decorated light and the coupled light are incident on the cesium atomic vapor chamber in the opposite direction of the propagation direction of the detection light; the detection light, the decorated light and the coupled light form a Rydberg atomic antenna detection area in the cesium atomic vapor chamber.

4. The method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms according to claim 2, characterized in that: When obtaining the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected or the electromagnetic induced transparent background spectrum, it includes: Frequency-driven resonant transitions of probe light via saturated absorption spectral locking Frequency-driven resonant transition of the dress light by two-photon spectral locking formed by overlapping the probe light and the dress light in the cesium atomic vapor cell Then by scanning the coupled light and energy level transition Detuning Δ c Then the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected or the electromagnetic induced transparent background spectrum is obtained.

5. The method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms according to claim 3, characterized in that: The detection light is evenly divided into two beams of light that pass through the cesium atomic vapor chamber together to reach the photodetector; one beam of light is used as the detection light to participate in constructing the electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum or the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected, and the other beam of light is used as the reference light; after the two beams of light are detected by the photodetector, the common mode signal is suppressed through differential amplification.

6. The method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: If there is partial discharge in the signal to be tested, the frequency spectrum characteristics of the signal to be tested are used to present a frequency comb spectrum, spontaneously forming a beat signal; and the beat signal is detected by the Rydberg atoms.

7. The method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms according to claim 1, characterized in that: When obtaining the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum to be detected, the maximum vertical distance between the signal to be detected and the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber is determined by the following method: After placing the propagation direction of the simulated partial discharge signal perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber; at the same time, changing the vertical distance between the partial discharge signal and the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber from small to large, the photodetector receives the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum under the influence of the partial discharge signal until the electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum cannot display the partial discharge signal; The distance corresponding to when the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum cannot show the local discharge signal is taken as the farthest vertical distance between the signal to be measured and the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber.

8. A system for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms, characterized in that: The method for detecting partial discharge signals using Rydberg atoms according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: EIT background module, used for Rydberg atoms prepared in a cesium atomic vapor chamber, the optical signal is received by a photodetector to obtain an electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum, which is used as an electromagnetically induced transparency background spectrum; The EIT module to be detected is used to place the propagation direction of the signal to be detected perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atomic vapor chamber; then Rydberg atoms are prepared in the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and the photoelectric detector receives the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum under the influence of the signal to be detected, and uses it as the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected; The partial discharge judgment module is used to compare the electromagnetic induced transparent spectrum to be detected with the electromagnetic induced transparent background spectrum. If there is a signal peak in the spectrum, it indicates that there is partial discharge in the signal to be detected. If there is no signal peak, it indicates that there is no partial discharge in the signal to be detected.

9. A detection device, characterized in that: The method for detecting local discharge signals using Rydberg atoms as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: a cesium atom vapor chamber and a photodetector; and a device for emitting a signal to be measured is located on one side of the cesium atom vapor chamber, and the propagation direction of the signal to be measured is placed perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser in the cesium atom vapor chamber; the light signal of the Rydberg atoms produced in the cesium atom vapor chamber is received by the photodetector to obtain an electromagnetically induced transparent background spectrum or an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum to be detected.

10. The detection device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The detection device comprises a first dichroic mirror, a second dichroic mirror, a third dichroic mirror and a light collector; the first dichroic mirror and the light collector are located at one end of the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and the light collector is located on one side of the first dichroic mirror; the second dichroic mirror and the third dichroic mirror are located at the other end of the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and the second dichroic mirror is located in front of the photodetector; The preparation of Rydberg atoms involves three lasers of different wavelengths, namely, probe light, decoration light, and coupling light; The detection light passes through the first dichroic mirror and enters the cesium atomic vapor chamber in parallel, and after passing through the cesium atomic vapor chamber and the second dichroic mirror, is received by the photodetector; The decorated light and the coupled light pass through the third dichroic mirror, are reflected by the second dichroic mirror, enter the cesium atomic vapor chamber, propagate in the opposite direction to the detection light, and form an atomic antenna detection area with the detection light in the cesium atomic vapor chamber, then pass through the cesium atomic vapor chamber, and are received by the light collector through the first dichroic mirror.

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