Pretreatment device and treatment method for waste batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a pretreatment device and a treatment method for a waste battery. The pretreatment device comprises a bearing shell, a composite crushing mechanism, a multi-phase sorting mechanism and an electrolyte recycling mechanism, the composite crushing mechanism is installed on the inner wall of the bearing shell and located above a leakage opening of the bearing shell. The multi-phase sorting mechanism is located below the composite crushing mechanism and installed on the bottom face of the bearing shell. The electrolyte recycling mechanism is located behind the bearing shell and communicated with the bearing shell through a water pipe. The vertical roller group and ultrasonic impact are adopted to crush the waste battery for multiple times, positive and negative electrode materials and plastic connected with a battery shell due to colloid are separated, and the crushing precision and the crushing efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of batteries, and in particular relates to a pretreatment device and a treatment method for waste batteries. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the new energy industry and its application in various fields, a large number of waste batteries have been generated, and the recycling of waste batteries has become an issue that needs to be focused on. Waste batteries are rich in rare heavy metals such as nickel and copper, as well as complex electrolytes. Improper treatment of them will lead to waste of resources and environmental pollution, endangering human beings themselves. The current mainstream treatment and recycling of waste batteries is mainly divided into three processes: crushing, sorting, and electrolyte treatment. However, in the existing crushing process, the electrolyte adheres to the roller group and is easy to volatilize into acidic harmful gases and the crushing accuracy is not high. In the electrolyte treatment process, the chemical precipitation method will produce a large amount of sludge, which is difficult to handle and easily causes secondary pollution to the environment. The ion exchange method has a limited water volume and a complex regeneration process. Impurities affect the low purity of the recovery. Based on the above problems, technical personnel in this field need to develop a pretreatment device and treatment method for waste batteries. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pretreatment device and a treatment method for waste batteries, which use a vertical roller group and ultrasonic impact to crush the waste batteries multiple times, separate the positive and negative electrode materials and plastics connected to the battery shell due to colloid, and improve the crushing accuracy and crushing efficiency.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A pretreatment device for waste batteries comprises a bearing shell, a composite crushing mechanism, a multi-phase separation mechanism and an electrolyte recovery mechanism; the composite crushing mechanism is installed on the inner wall of the bearing shell and is located above the leakage port of the bearing shell, the multi-phase separation mechanism is located below the composite crushing mechanism and is installed on the bottom surface of the bearing shell; the electrolyte recovery mechanism is located at the rear of the bearing shell and is connected through a water pipe. Preferably, the carrier shell includes a feed port, an installation groove, a discharge port, a solution circulation system and a soaking solution; a feed port is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the carrier shell, and a plastic discharge port and a metal discharge port are respectively arranged on the left side of the carrier shell; the plastic discharge port is located above the circular leak and is arranged in a colinear manner with the metal discharge port; the circular leak is used to limit the flow rate of the soaking solution; the first installation groove is located above the metal discharge port and is arranged in an array on the inner wall of the carrier shell; the second installation groove is located below the metal discharge port and is arranged on the bottom surface of the carrier shell; the solution circulation system is provided with a circulation pump and a diversion water pipe and is installed on the outer surface of the carrier shell, which is used to transport the solution containing metal ions and electrolyte to the electrolyte recovery mechanism and then return it to the carrier shell; the carrier shell is provided with a soaking solution.

[0005] Preferably, the composite crushing mechanism comprises a vertical crushing module, an ultrasonic crushing module and a transmission module; the vertical crushing module is provided with a crushing roller set and is rotatably connected to the transmission module through a main shaft, the crushing roller set is arranged on a fixed baffle and is rotatably connected through a bearing, and the vertical crushing module is located inside the ultrasonic crushing module; the ultrasonic crushing module is provided with a vibration shell and is connected to the mounting groove; the vibration shell is provided with a combination port and is located above the vibration net; the vibration net is located on the bottom surface of the vibration shell and is connected to the high-frequency vibrator; the high-frequency vibrator is connected to the transducer; the transducer is mounted on the bearing shell; the transmission module is provided with a gear set to drive the vertical crushing module and is located below the feed port; the gear set is provided with a guide plate and is located above the vibration shell, which is used to push the plastic on the surface of the suspended immersion solution to the multi-phase separation mechanism.

[0006] Preferably, the multi-phase sorting mechanism includes a solid-liquid separation module and a spiral unloading module, the solid-liquid separation module is provided with a bottom frame and the bottom frame is provided with a water level sensor; the bottom frame is provided with a suction filter port connected to the guide pipe; the screen is located below the metal discharge port and is connected to the bottom frame by a clamp ring; the eccentric weight is located below the screen and is bolted to the vertical vibration motor through a rotating shaft, and is used to convert the rotational motion of the vibration motor into horizontal, vertical and inclined three-dimensional motion and transmit it to the screen; the vertical vibration motor is located below the bottom frame and is installed on a buffer seat; the buffer seat is located in the mounting groove and is provided with a buffer spring; the spiral unloading module is provided with a spiral rod and is located above the guide plate; the spiral rod is connected to the gearbox through a fixing plate and is driven by a motor, and the fixing plate is located outside the plastic discharge port and is detachably connected to the plastic collection box; the metal collection box is located below the plastic collection box and is detachably connected to the bearing shell.

[0007] Preferably, the electrolyte recovery mechanism mainly includes a recovery shell, an enrichment module and an electrodeposition module; the recovery shell is connected to the guide tube through a circulation pump; the enrichment module is provided with two threaded screws and the threaded screws are slidingly connected to the moving slider; a servo motor () is provided on the right side of the threaded screw and is connected to the servo motor () through a baffle; the mechanical arm body is installed on the moving slider and is rotatably connected to the injection plate; a regeneration box is provided on the upper surface of the injection plate and an enrichment plate is provided on the lower surface; the electrodeposition module is provided with alternatingly distributed positive plates and negative plates; the power supply is located on the side of the recovery shell and is connected to the positive plate and the negative plate.

[0008] Preferably, the enrichment plate is a hollow structure with evenly distributed hydrogel cavities and is interconnected with the regeneration tank through the injection plate; the hydrogel cavity is a spherical mesh structure and is filled with hydrogel; and both sides of the crushing roller set are frustum structures.

[0009] Preferably, the soaking solution is an alkaline solution, the soaking height of the soaking solution in the composite crushing mechanism does not exceed the plastic discharge port and the soaking height of the soaking solution in the multi-phase separation mechanism does not exceed the screen, and the soaking height is measured by a water level sensor and controlled by a circulation system.

[0010] Preferably, the oscillation frequency of the high-frequency oscillator is higher than 120kw. Preferably, the composite crushing mechanism is installed in the first mounting slot and is fixedly connected to the carrying shell, the multi-phase sorting mechanism is installed in the second mounting slot and is threadedly connected to the carrying shell, and the combination port matches the size of the fixed baffle; the moving stroke of the movable slider is two-thirds of the length of the recovery shell; the enrichment plate is arranged alternately with the electrode plate in the electrodeposition module, and the distance between each pair of positive and negative electrode plates is equal.

[0011] A method for treating waste batteries by a pretreatment device, comprising the steps of: Step 1: Start the motor to drive the crushing roller group to rotate through the transmission module, put the used batteries that have been initially discharged into the feed port, and drop them into the meshing knife through the top cone structure of the crushing roller group for rough crushing. At the same time, the high-frequency vibrator and transducer convert the ultrasonic signal into a high-frequency vibration signal, so that the soaking solution forms countless tiny bubbles due to negative pressure, and a cavitation reaction occurs to produce a huge impact force. The used batteries are crushed for the second time to make the broken shell fragments smaller, and the positive and negative electrode materials and plastics connected to the battery shell because of the colloid are separated. At the same time, the electrolyte in the used batteries reacts with the soaking solution to neutralize and prevent the electrolyte from volatilizing into acidic toxic gases.

[0012] Step 2: Plastics and diaphragm materials with a density lower than that of water float to the surface of the soaking solution, and metal materials and electrolytic solutions flow to the multiphase sorting mechanism through the vibration screen and the circular leak with the soaking solution. The vertical vibration motor is started, and the eccentric weight converts the rotational motion of the vibration motor into horizontal, vertical, and inclined three-dimensional motion and transmits it to the screen, changing the motion trajectory of the material on the screen to sort the metal material to the metal discharge port and enter the metal collection box. The liquid flows along the screen through the bottom frame and is sucked into the electrolyte recovery mechanism by the solution circulation system. At the same time, the gear set drives the guide plate to suspend the plastic on the surface of the soaking solution and push it to the spiral unloading module. The motor drives the spiral rod through the gearbox to sort the plastic to the plastic discharge port and enter the plastic collection box; Step 3: The liquid injection plate drives the enrichment plate to rotate, and the immersion solution passes through the hydrogel cavity and fully contacts the hydrogel, enriching the nickel ions, copper ions and electrolytes dissolved in the immersion solution, and then the robotic arm body raises the enrichment module out of the recovery shell, and the servo motor () drives the moving slider to move to the first stroke value through the threaded screw, and the robotic arm body puts the enrichment module into the electrodeposition module; the hydrogel in the enrichment plate is degraded due to the change in the solution pH environment and the electrochemical action, and the adsorbed nickel ions and copper ions are precipitated into the organic solution of the electrodeposition module. After the precipitation is completed, the robotic arm body raises the enrichment module out of the recovery shell again, and the regeneration box injects chitosan, glucose and cross-linking agent epichlorohydrin into the hydrogel cavity through the liquid injection plate to regenerate the hydrogel, and the servo motor () drives the moving slider to move to the second stroke value through the threaded screw, and the robotic arm body puts the enrichment module into the electrodeposition module; Step 4: Before the nickel ions and copper ions in the organic solution of the electrodeposition module reach a predetermined concentration, step 3 is repeated. After reaching the predetermined concentration, the power supply provides external current, the metal ions undergo a reduction reaction on the cathode surface, and electrochemical deposition is performed to obtain a nickel-copper plate; at the same time, the solution circulation system extracts the immersion solution that has undergone the enrichment reaction back to the supporting shell, and controls the circulation flow rate according to the water level check of the water level sensor.

[0013] The present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. Compared with the traditional roller group to crush the waste batteries, the present invention adopts a composite crushing mechanism, using a vertical roller group and ultrasonic impact to crush the waste batteries multiple times, separating the positive and negative electrode materials and plastics connected to the battery shell due to colloid, and improving the crushing accuracy and crushing efficiency.

[0014] 2. Compared with traditional waste battery recycling and treatment, the present invention adopts a fully underwater treatment environment. The soaking solution is an alkaline solution to neutralize the electrolyte solution, preventing the electrolyte from volatilizing into acidic harmful gases, retaining the valuable materials in the waste batteries to the greatest extent, and avoiding spontaneous combustion of electrode materials. At the same time, the soaking solution is used for internal circulation, which will not waste a lot of water resources.

[0015] 3. Compared with the traditional waste battery processing device, the present invention realizes three-phase sorting, using the density properties of different materials and centrifugal force to sort plastics, metals and solutions, improving the utilization rate of battery crushing and recycling, reducing resource waste, and eliminating the need for subsequent manual sorting.

[0016] 3. Compared with the traditional electrolyte recovery method, the present invention adopts the polysaccharide / chitosan composite hydrogel, which is non-toxic, renewable, and has excellent degradability. Compared with the traditional hydrogel, the composite polysaccharide hydrogel improves the adsorption amount and adsorption efficiency of heavy metals, and still has good adsorption capacity after multiple adsorption-desorption cycles.

[0017] 4. Compared with the traditional electrolyte recovery method, the present invention adopts a hydrogel adsorption electrodeposition method. The hydrogel adsorbs metal ions to form a reaction solution containing high concentrations of nickel and copper, eliminating the influence of impurities in the immersion solution. No heating is required for the electrodeposition reaction, and high-purity nickel plates and copper plates can be obtained, thereby improving the electrolyte recovery efficiency and recovery performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 The overall structure diagram of a pretreatment device for waste batteries of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a bearing shell of a pre-treatment device for waste batteries of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a composite crushing mechanism of a waste battery pretreatment device of the present invention; Figure 4 A structural diagram of a multi-phase separation mechanism of a waste battery pretreatment device of the present invention; Figure 5 The overall structure diagram of a pretreatment device for waste batteries of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0019] In the figure: the bearing shell 1: the feed port 11, the mounting groove 12, the discharge port 13, the solution circulation system 14, the soaking solution 15, the circular leakage port 111, the plastic discharge port 131, the metal discharge port 132, the circulation pump 141, and the diversion water pipe 142; Composite crushing mechanism 2: vertical crushing module 21, ultrasonic crushing module 22, transmission module 23, crushing roller wheel group 211, fixed baffle 212, vibration shell 221, vibration net 222, high-frequency vibrator 223, combination port 2211, gear group 231, guide plate 2311; Multiphase separation mechanism 3: solid-liquid separation module 31, spiral unloading module 32, bottom frame 311, water level sensor 312, screen 313, vertical vibration motor 314, buffer seat 315, buffer spring 316, screw rod 321, fixing plate 322, gearbox 323, motor 324, plastic collection box 325, filter port 3111, guide pipe 3112; Electrolyte recovery mechanism 4: recovery shell 41, enrichment module 42, electrodeposition module 43, circulation pump 411, positive electrode plate 431, negative electrode plate 432, power supply 433, threaded screw 4211, movable slider 4212, servo motor (4213), transparent baffle 4214, robotic arm body 4215, liquid injection plate 4216, regeneration box 4217, enrichment plate 4218. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The preferred solution is Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a pretreatment device for waste batteries mainly consists of a bearing shell 1, a composite crushing mechanism 2, a multi-phase separation mechanism 3 and an electrolyte recovery mechanism 4. The composite crushing mechanism 2 is installed on the inner wall of the bearing shell 1 and is located above the circular leak of the bearing shell 1. The multi-phase separation mechanism 3 is located below the composite crushing mechanism 2 and is installed on the bottom surface of the bearing shell 1; the electrolyte recovery mechanism 4 is located at the rear of the bearing shell 1 and is connected through a water pipe; The carrier shell 1 includes a feed port 11, a mounting groove 12, a discharge port 13, a solution circulation system 14 and a soaking solution 15; the feed port 11 is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the carrier shell 1, and a plastic discharge port 131 and a metal discharge port 132 are respectively arranged on the left side of the carrier shell 1; the plastic discharge port 131 is located above the circular leak 111 and is arranged in a colinear manner with the metal discharge port 132; the circular leak 111 is used to limit the flow rate of the soaking solution 15; the first mounting groove 121 is located above the metal discharge port 132 and is arranged in an array on the inner wall of the carrier shell 1; the second mounting groove 122 is located below the metal discharge port 132 and is arranged on the bottom surface of the carrier shell 1; the solution circulation system 14 is provided with a circulation pump 141 and a diversion water pipe 142 and is installed on the outer surface of the carrier shell 1, which is used to transport the solution containing metal ions and electrolyte to the electrolyte recovery mechanism 4 and then return it to the carrier shell 1; the carrier shell 1 is provided with a soaking solution 15; The composite crushing mechanism 2 mainly includes a vertical crushing module 21, an ultrasonic crushing module 22 and a transmission module 23; the vertical crushing module 21 is provided with a crushing roller group 211 and is rotatably connected to the transmission module 23 through a main shaft, the crushing roller group 211 is arranged on the upper surface of the fixed baffle 212 and is rotatably connected through a bearing, and the vertical crushing module 21 is located inside the ultrasonic crushing module 22; the ultrasonic crushing module 22 is provided with a vibration shell 221 and is flexibly connected to the mounting groove 12; the vibration shell 221 is provided with a combination port 2211 and is located above the vibration net 222; the vibration net 222 is located in the vibration shell 22 1 bottom surface and is fixedly connected to the high-frequency vibrator 223; the high-frequency vibrator 223 is connected to the transducer 224; the transducer 224 is mounted on the bearing shell 1 and is used to convert the ultrasonic signal into a high-frequency vibration signal; the ultrasonic crushing module 22 is used to crush the waste battery again and separate the positive and negative electrode materials and plastics connected to the battery shell because of the colloid; the transmission module 23 is provided with a gear set 231 to drive the vertical crushing module 21 and is located below the feed port 11; the gear set 231 is provided with a guide plate 2311 and is located above the vibration shell 221, and is used to push the plastic on the surface of the suspension soaking solution 15 to the multi-phase separation mechanism 3; The multiphase separation mechanism 3 mainly includes a solid-liquid separation module 31 and a spiral unloading module 32. The solid-liquid separation module 31 is provided with a bottom frame 311 and the bottom frame 311 is provided with a water level sensor 312, which is used to check the solution height of the multiphase separation mechanism 3 in real time to prevent overflow through the discharge port 13; the bottom frame 311 is provided with a suction filter port 3111 connected to the guide pipe 3112; the screen 313 is located below the metal discharge port 132 and is connected to the bottom frame 311 by a collar; the eccentric weight 314 is located below the screen 313 and is bolted to the vertical vibration motor 314 through a rotating shaft, which is used to convert the rotational motion of the vibration motor into horizontal and vertical The vertical and inclined three-dimensional motion is transmitted to the screen 313; the vertical vibration motor 314 is located below the bottom frame 311 and is installed on the buffer seat 315; the buffer seat 315 is located in the mounting groove 12 and is provided with a buffer spring 316; the spiral unloading module 32 is provided with a spiral rod 321 and is located above the guide plate 2311; the spiral rod 321 is connected to the gearbox 323 through a fixing plate 322 and is driven by a motor 324, the fixing plate 322 is located outside the plastic discharge port 131 and is detachably connected to the plastic collection box 325; the metal collection box 326 is located below the plastic collection box 325 and is detachably connected to the bearing shell 1; The electrolyte recovery mechanism 4 mainly includes a recovery shell 41, an enrichment module 42 and an electrodeposition module 43; the recovery shell 41 is connected to the guide tube 3112 through a circulation pump 411; the enrichment module 42 is provided with two threaded screws 4211 and the threaded screws 4211 are slidably connected to the movable slider 4212; a servo motor (4213) is provided on the right side of the threaded screw 4211 and is connected to the servo motor (4213) through a baffle 4214; the mechanical arm body 4215 is installed on the movable slider 4212 and is rotatably connected to the injection plate 4216; a regeneration box 4217 is provided on the upper surface of the injection plate 4216 and an enrichment plate 4218 is provided on the lower surface; the electrodeposition module 43 is provided with alternating positive plates 431 and negative plates 432; the power supply 433 is located on the side of the recovery shell 41 and is connected to the positive plate 431 and the negative plate 432; The enrichment plate 4218 is a hollow structure with uniformly distributed hydrogel cavities 4219 and is interconnected with the regeneration box 4217 through the injection plate; the hydrogel cavity 4219 is a spherical mesh structure and is filled with hydrogel 433; the two sides of the crushing roller group 211 are truncated cone structures The hydrogel 433 is a glucan / chitosan composite hydrogel, and the regeneration box is chitosan, glucose and cross-linking agent epichlorohydrin; The soaking solution 15 is an alkaline solution, which is used to neutralize the acidic components in the electrolyte to prevent the volatilized electrolyte from volatilizing into toxic gases. The soaking height of the soaking solution 15 in the composite crushing mechanism 2 does not exceed the plastic discharge port 131, and the soaking height of the soaking solution 15 in the multi-phase separation mechanism 3 does not exceed the screen 313. The soaking height is measured by the water level sensor 312 and controlled by the circulation system 14. The high-frequency vibrator 223 is an ultrasonic high-frequency vibrator, and the oscillation frequency of the ultrasonic high-frequency vibrator is higher than 120kw, which is used to crush the waste batteries for the second time and separate the positive and negative electrode materials and plastics connected to the battery shell because of the colloid; the eccentric angle of the eccentric weight 314 is 60 degrees and can be adjusted according to the working conditions; The composite crushing mechanism 2 is installed in the first installation slot 121 and is fixedly connected to the carrying shell 1. The multi-phase separation mechanism 3 is installed in the second installation slot 122 and is threadedly connected to the carrying shell 1. The size of the combination port 2211 matches the size of the fixed baffle 212. The moving stroke of the movable slider 4212 is two-thirds of the length of the recovery shell 41. The enrichment plate 4218 is arranged alternately with the electrode in the electrodeposition module 43, and the distance between each pair of positive electrode plates 431 and negative electrode plates 432 is equal. A method for treating waste batteries by a pretreatment device, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Start the motor to drive the crushing roller group 211 to rotate through the transmission module 23, put the preliminarily discharged waste batteries into the feed port 11, and drop them into the meshing knife through the top cone structure of the crushing roller group 211 for rough crushing. At the same time, the high-frequency vibrator 223 and the transducer 224 convert the ultrasonic signal into a high-frequency vibration signal so that the soaking solution 15 forms countless tiny bubbles due to negative pressure, and a cavitation reaction occurs to generate a huge impact force. The waste batteries are subjected to secondary fine crushing to make the broken shell fragments smaller, and the positive and negative electrode materials and plastics connected to the battery shell due to the colloid are separated. At the same time, the electrolyte in the waste batteries reacts with the soaking solution 15 to neutralize, so as to prevent the electrolyte from volatilizing into acidic toxic gas; Step 2: Plastics and diaphragm materials with a density less than that of water float to the surface of the soaking solution 15, and metal materials and electrolytic solution flow to the multiphase sorting mechanism 3 along with the soaking solution 15 through the vibration net 222 and the circular leak 111. The vertical vibration motor 314 is started, and the eccentric weight 314 converts the rotational motion of the vibration motor into horizontal, vertical, and inclined three-dimensional motion and transmits it to the screen 313, changing the motion trajectory of the material on the screen 313 to sort the metal material to the metal discharge port 132 and enter the metal collection box 326. The liquid flows along the screen 313 through the bottom frame 311 and is sucked into the electrolyte recovery mechanism 4 by the solution circulation system 14. At the same time, the gear set 231 drives the guide plate 2311 to suspend the plastic on the surface of the soaking solution 15 and push it to the spiral unloading module 32. The motor 324 drives the spiral rod 321 through the gearbox 323 to sort the plastic to the plastic discharge port 131 and enter the plastic collection box 325. Step 3: The injection plate 4216 drives the enrichment plate 4218 to rotate, and the soaking solution 15 passes through the hydrogel cavity 4219 and is fully in contact with the hydrogel 433, and the nickel ions, copper ions and electrolytes dissolved in the soaking solution 15 are enriched. Then the mechanical arm 4215 raises the enrichment module 42 out of the recovery shell 41, and the servo motor (4213) drives the moving slider 4212 to move to the first stroke value through the threaded screw 4211, and the mechanical arm 4215 puts the enrichment module 42 into the electrodeposition module 43; the hydrogel 433 in the enrichment plate 4218 is The solution pH environment changes and the electrochemical action causes degradation, and the adsorbed nickel ions and copper ions are precipitated into the organic solution of the electrodeposition module 43. After the precipitation is completed, the mechanical arm body 4215 lifts the enrichment module 42 out of the recovery shell 41 again, and the regeneration box injects chitosan, glucose and cross-linking agent epichlorohydrin into the hydrogel cavity 4219 through the injection plate to regenerate the hydrogel. The servo motor (4213) drives the moving slider 4212 to move to the second stroke value through the threaded screw 4211, and the mechanical arm body 4215 puts the enrichment module 42 into the electrodeposition module 43; Step 4: Before the nickel ions and copper ions in the organic solution of the electro-deposition module 43 reach a predetermined concentration, step 3 is repeated. After reaching the predetermined concentration, the power supply 433 provides an external current, the metal ions undergo a reduction reaction on the cathode surface, and electrochemical deposition is performed to obtain a nickel-copper plate; at the same time, the solution circulation system 14 extracts the immersion solution 15 that has undergone the enrichment reaction back to the supporting shell 1, and controls the circulation flow rate according to the water level check of the water level sensor 312.

[0021] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pretreatment device for waste batteries, characterized in that: It comprises a bearing shell (1), a composite crushing mechanism (2), a multi-phase separation mechanism (3) and an electrolyte recovery mechanism (4); the composite crushing mechanism (2) is mounted on the inner wall of the bearing shell (1) and is located above the leakage opening of the bearing shell (1); the multi-phase separation mechanism (3) is located below the composite crushing mechanism (2) and is mounted on the bottom surface of the bearing shell (1); the electrolyte recovery mechanism (4) is located behind the bearing shell (1) and is connected via a water pipe.

2. The pretreatment device for waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting shell (1) comprises a feed port (11), a mounting groove (12), a discharge port (13), a solution circulation system (14) and an immersion solution (15); the feed port (11) is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the supporting shell (1), and a plastic discharge port (131) and a metal discharge port (132) are respectively arranged on the left side of the supporting shell (1); the plastic discharge port (131) is located above the circular leakage port (111) and is arranged in a colinear manner with the metal discharge port (132); the circular leakage port (111) is used to limit the flow rate of the immersion solution (15); A mounting groove (121) is located above the metal discharge port (132) and is arranged in an array on the inner wall of the carrier shell (1); the second mounting groove (122) is located below the metal discharge port (132) and is arranged on the bottom surface of the carrier shell (1); the solution circulation system (14) is provided with a circulation pump (141) and a guide water pipe (142) and is installed on the outer surface of the carrier shell (1) for transporting a solution containing metal ions and electrolyte to the electrolyte recovery mechanism (4) and then returning it to the carrier shell (1); the carrier shell (1) is provided with a soaking solution (15).

3. The pretreatment device for waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite crushing mechanism (2) comprises a vertical crushing module (21), an ultrasonic crushing module (22) and a transmission module (23); the vertical crushing module (21) is provided with a crushing roller group (211) and is rotatably connected to the transmission module (23) via a main shaft; the crushing roller group (211) is arranged on a fixed baffle (212) and is rotatably connected via a bearing; the vertical crushing module (21) is located inside the ultrasonic crushing module (22); the ultrasonic crushing module (22) is provided with a vibration housing (221) and is connected to the mounting groove (12); the vibration housing (221) is provided with a combination port (221); 11) and is located above the vibration net (222); the vibration net (222) is located on the bottom surface of the vibration shell (221) and is connected to the high-frequency vibrator (223); the high-frequency vibrator (223) is connected to the transducer (224); the transducer (224) is mounted on the bearing shell (1); the transmission module (23) is provided with a gear set (231) to drive the vertical crushing module (21) and is located below the feed port (11); the gear set (231) is provided with a guide plate (2311) and is located above the vibration shell (221) for pushing the plastic on the surface of the suspended soaking solution (15) toward the multi-phase separation mechanism (3).

4. A waste battery pretreatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multiphase separation mechanism (3) comprises a solid-liquid separation module (31) and a spiral discharge module (32); the solid-liquid separation module (31) is provided with a bottom frame (311) and the bottom frame (311) is provided with a water level sensor (312); the bottom frame (311) is provided with a suction filter port (3111) connected to the flow guide pipe (3112); the screen (313) is located below the metal discharge port (132) and is connected to the bottom frame (311) via a collar; the eccentric weight (314) is located below the screen (313) and is bolted to the vertical vibration motor (314) via a rotating shaft, and is used to convert the rotational motion of the vibration motor into horizontal, vertical and inclined three-dimensional motion and transmit it to the screen (313); The vertical vibration motor (314) is located below the bottom frame (311) and is mounted on a buffer seat (315); the buffer seat (315) is located in the mounting groove (12) and is provided with a buffer spring (316); the spiral unloading module (32) is provided with a spiral rod (321) and is located above the guide plate (2311); the spiral rod (321) is connected to the gearbox (323) via a fixing plate (322) and is driven by a motor (324); the fixing plate (322) is located outside the plastic discharge port (131) and is detachably connected to the plastic collection box (325); the metal collection box (326) is located below the plastic collection box (325) and is detachably connected to the bearing housing (1).

5. The pretreatment device for waste batteries according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The electrolyte recovery mechanism (4) mainly comprises a recovery housing (41), an enrichment module (42) and an electrodeposition module (43); the recovery housing (41) is connected to the flow guide tube (3112) via a circulation pump (411); the enrichment module (42) is provided with two threaded screws (4211) and the threaded screws (4211) and the movable slider (4212) are slidably connected; a servo motor (4213) is provided on the right side of the threaded screw (4211) and is connected to the servo motor through a baffle (4214). The mechanical arm (4215) is connected to the machine (4213); the mechanical arm body (4215) is installed on the movable slider (4212) and is rotatably connected to the injection plate (4216); the upper surface of the injection plate (4216) is provided with a regeneration box (4217) and the lower surface is provided with an enrichment plate (4218); the electrodeposition module (43) is provided with alternatingly distributed positive plates (431) and negative plates (432); the power supply (433) is located on the side of the recovery shell (41) and is connected to the positive plate (431) and the negative plate (432).

6. A waste battery pretreatment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The enrichment plate (4218) is a hollow structure with evenly distributed hydrogel cavities (4219) and is interconnected with the regeneration box (4217) through a liquid injection plate; the hydrogel cavity (4219) is a spherical mesh structure and is filled with hydrogel (433); and both sides of the crushing roller group (211) are frustum structures.

7. The pretreatment device for waste batteries according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The soaking solution (15) is an alkaline solution, the soaking height of the soaking solution (15) in the composite crushing mechanism (2) does not exceed the plastic discharge port (131), and the soaking height of the soaking solution (15) in the multi-phase separation mechanism (3) does not exceed the screen (313), and the soaking height is measured by a water level sensor (312) and controlled by a circulation system (14).

8. The pretreatment device for waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oscillation frequency of the high-frequency oscillator (223) is higher than 120 kW.

9. The pretreatment device for waste batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite crushing mechanism (2) is installed in the first installation slot (121) and is fixedly connected to the supporting shell (1); the multi-phase separation mechanism (3) is installed in the second installation slot (122) and is threadedly connected to the supporting shell (1); the size of the combination port (2211) matches that of the fixed baffle (212); the moving stroke of the movable slider (4212) is two-thirds of the length of the recovery shell (41); the enrichment plate (4218) is arranged alternately with the electrode plate in the electrodeposition module (43), and the distance between each pair of positive electrode plates (431) and negative electrode plates (432) is equal.

10. The method for treating waste batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that Includes steps: Step 1: The motor is started to drive the crushing roller group (211) to rotate through the transmission module (23), and the waste batteries that have been initially discharged are put into the feed port (11). The waste batteries fall into the meshing cutter through the top cone structure of the crushing roller group (211) for rough crushing. At the same time, the high-frequency vibrator (223) and the transducer (224) convert the ultrasonic signal into a high-frequency vibration signal so that the soaking solution (15) forms countless tiny bubbles due to negative pressure, and a cavitation reaction occurs to generate a huge impact force. The waste batteries are subjected to secondary fine crushing to make the broken shell fragments smaller, and the positive and negative electrode materials and plastics connected to the battery shell due to the colloid are separated. At the same time, the electrolyte in the waste batteries reacts with the soaking solution (15) to neutralize, so as to prevent the electrolyte from volatilizing into acidic toxic gas; Step 2: Plastic and diaphragm materials with a density less than that of water float to the surface of the soaking solution (15), and the metal material and the electrolytic solution flow along with the soaking solution (15) through the vibration screen (222) and the circular leak (111) to the multi-phase separation mechanism (3). The vertical vibration motor (314) is started, and the eccentric weight (314) converts the rotational motion of the vibration motor into horizontal, vertical, and inclined three-dimensional motion and transmits it to the screen (313), thereby changing the motion trajectory of the material on the screen (313) and separating the metal material into metal The discharge port (132) enters the metal collection box (326), and the liquid flows along the screen (313) through the bottom frame (311) and is sucked into the electrolyte recovery mechanism (4) by the solution circulation system (14). At the same time, the gear set (231) drives the guide plate (2311) to suspend the plastic on the surface of the soaking solution (15) and push it toward the spiral unloading module (32). The motor (324) drives the spiral rod (321) through the gearbox (323) to sort the plastic to the plastic discharge port (131) and enter the plastic collection box (325). Step 3: The injection plate (4216) drives the enrichment plate (4218) to rotate, and the soaking solution (15) passes through the hydrogel chamber (4219) to fully contact the hydrogel (433), and the nickel ions, copper ions and electrolytes dissolved in the soaking solution (15) are enriched. Then, the mechanical arm (4215) raises the enrichment module (42) out of the recovery shell (41), and the servo motor (4213) drives the moving slider (4212) to move to the first stroke value through the threaded screw (4211), and the mechanical arm (4215) puts the enrichment module (42) into the electrodeposition module (43); the hydrogel ( 433) Due to the change in the solution pH environment and the electrochemical action, the adsorbed nickel ions and copper ions are precipitated into the organic solution of the electrodeposition module (43). After the precipitation is completed, the mechanical arm body (4215) raises the enrichment module (42) out of the recovery shell (41) again, and the regeneration box injects chitosan, glucose and cross-linking agent epichlorohydrin into the hydrogel cavity (4219) through the injection plate to regenerate the hydrogel. The servo motor (4213) drives the movable slider (4212) to move to the second stroke value through the threaded screw (4211), and the mechanical arm body (4215) puts the enrichment module (42) into the electrodeposition module (43); Step 4: before the nickel ions and copper ions in the organic solution of the electro-deposition module (43) reach a predetermined concentration, step 3 is repeated. After reaching the predetermined concentration, the power supply (433) provides an external current, the metal ions undergo a reduction reaction on the cathode surface, and electrochemical deposition is performed to obtain a nickel-copper plate; at the same time, the solution circulation system (14) filters the soaking solution (15) that has undergone the enrichment reaction back to the supporting shell (1), and controls the circulation flow rate according to the water level check of the water level sensor (312).

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