A two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detector and detection method thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of semiconductor devices, and specifically is a two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detector and a detection method thereof, comprising an instrument body, a photoelectric detection component and a preamplifier. The instrument body comprises a semiconductor detector, which is installed in the photoelectric detection component, and the semiconductor detector is made of a two-dimensional semiconductor material; the photoelectric detection component is installed on the top of a circuit board, and the circuit board is installed on the bottom of the instrument body; a heat sink is installed at the bottom of the circuit board; before each gas enters a cooling pipe, the coolant in the sealing cover is replaced, and the air-cooled coolant is transported into the sealing cover to cool down the fins and the cooling pipe in advance, so that each time the gas is transported, it can contact the cooled cooling pipe, thereby improving the cooling effect of the gas, promoting the good implementation of various cooling methods for different components, and thus improving the working stability of the photoelectric detector.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of semiconductor devices, and in particular is a two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detector and a detection method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Photoelectric detectors are divided into different types according to needs, such as laser detectors. Laser detectors achieve detection purposes by converting received laser signals into electrical signals. Laser detectors are mainly composed of two parts: photoelectric detection components and preamplifiers. Photoelectric detection components are usually made of semiconductor devices, such as silicon, germanium, etc., and the changes in their forward / reverse voltage and / or light intensity can cause the generation and movement of carriers, and ultimately form a current signal. The preamplifier plays a role in amplifying and processing the current signal, converting it into the required voltage or current signal output;

[0003] ‌Laser detectors generate heat during operation. When working, they convert the received laser signals into electrical signals, which generates heat in the process. Most laser detectors use a closed shell to ensure that the interior is not disturbed by dust and impurities, which causes heat to gather inside the shell, affecting the normal operation of the photoelectric detection components.

[0004] Conventional heat dissipation methods are to dissipate heat through indirect contact methods such as heat sinks or fans. The high-speed rotation of the fan can easily cause vibration, causing the laser detector to work in a vibrating state for a long time, affecting its life and detection accuracy. Moreover, if there are requirements for the installation position or installation space of the laser detector, then the overall size or heat dissipation method of the laser detector will also be affected. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes a two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detector and a detection method thereof.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: the present invention proposes a two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detector, including an instrument body, a photoelectric detection component and a preamplifier; the instrument body includes:

[0007] A semiconductor detector, wherein the semiconductor detector is installed in a photoelectric detection assembly, and the semiconductor detector is made of a two-dimensional semiconductor material; a circuit board is provided at the bottom of the photoelectric detection assembly, and the circuit board is installed at the bottom of the instrument body; a heat sink is installed at the bottom of the circuit board, and fins are evenly provided at the bottom of the heat sink, and the heat sink serves as a shell at the bottom of the instrument body, and the fins face outward from the instrument body;

[0008] A sealing cover is installed at the bottom of the instrument body, and the fin is located between the heat sink and the inner wall of the sealing cover; a cooling pipe is installed on the fin, and one end of the cooling pipe is located on the heat sink, and the other end is connected to a compression cylinder installed on the outer surface of the sealing cover, and one end of the instrument body away from the heat sink is connected to the compression cylinder through a pipeline, and gas circulation in the instrument body is realized through the compression cylinder; a compression piston is slidably connected in the compression cylinder, and one end of the compression piston is connected to a telescopic device arranged on the surface of the sealing cover; coolant is stored in the sealing cover.

[0009] Preferably, the space in the compression cylinder is divided into a liquid chamber and a gas chamber based on the compression piston, and the liquid chamber is close to the telescopic device. The compression cylinder is respectively provided with a liquid outlet, a liquid inlet, a gas outlet and a gas inlet for realizing liquid phase circulation and gas phase circulation; the heat dissipation plate is evenly provided with gas outlet pipes, and the gas outlet pipe is installed with a branch pipe near the circuit board, and the branch pipe is inclined, and the end of the gas outlet pipe;

[0010] The air cavity is located below the liquid cavity, and filter cotton is installed at the bottom of the air cavity, and water is stored in the filter cotton; a No. 1 sensor and a No. 2 sensor are installed in the instrument body, and the No. 1 sensor and the No. 2 sensor detect the temperature of the preamplifier and the photoelectric detector component respectively; a heat dissipation pipe is provided on the top of the sealing cover, the heat dissipation pipe is connected to the liquid inlet hole, an air bag is provided on the surface of the telescopic device, the surface of the air bag is connected to the compression piston, and the air outlet end of the air bag faces the heat dissipation pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the fins are wavy and vertically arranged; a mesh tube-shaped drying tube is provided in the cooling tube, and desiccant is stored in the drying tube, and the drying tube is in close contact with the inner wall of the cooling tube; replacement ports are evenly provided at the bottom of the sealing cover, and the replacement ports are connected to the cooling tube, and the bottom of the drying tube is connected to the sealing plug of the replacement port.

[0012] Preferably, an air inlet groove is provided at the bottom of the compression cylinder, and the bottom edge of the filter cotton is connected to the inner wall of the air inlet groove, the air inlet hole is located at the bottom of the air inlet groove, and the bottom of the air inlet groove is funnel-shaped; a protrusion is provided at the bottom of the compression piston, and the protrusion is located in the air inlet groove; a grille is provided at the bottom of the air inlet groove, and the grille and the bottom of the air inlet groove form a triangular space.

[0013] Preferably, an annular elastic bag is provided in the filter cotton, and the bottom of the elastic bag is connected to the grid net; a water suction pipe and a water outlet pipe are respectively provided at the bottom of the elastic bag, and one end of the water suction pipe and the water outlet pipe are located at the bottom of the air inlet groove, and a filter block is provided in the water outlet pipe.

[0014] Preferably, a regulating chamber is provided in the heat dissipation plate, and the regulating chamber is connected and disconnected with the air outlet pipe by an electromagnetic valve; a sliding plate is slidably connected in the regulating chamber, ball bearings are provided around the sliding plate, and a No. 1 hole is evenly provided on the sliding plate, and a No. 3 sensor is provided in the No. 1 hole for detecting the temperature and humidity of the gas in the regulating chamber; storage grooves are evenly provided on the inner wall of the regulating chamber close to the circuit board, and desiccant is stored in the storage grooves, and a sliding door is slidably connected to the opening of the storage groove through a spring, and the cross-section of the sliding door is triangular; an extrusion block is provided on the sliding plate, and one end of the extrusion block contacts the inclined part of the sliding door; an electric telescopic rod is installed on the side of the heat dissipation plate away from the circuit board, and the end of the electric telescopic rod is connected to the sliding plate; a heating wire is provided in the sliding plate.

[0015] Preferably, a slide groove is provided on one side of the sliding door contacting the inner wall of the adjustment cavity, an extrusion bag and a slider are provided in the slide groove, the extrusion bag is connected to the bottom of the slide groove, the slider is connected to one end of the extrusion bag away from the bottom of the slide groove, and an air leakage hole is provided in the extrusion bag; card grooves are evenly provided on the inner wall of the adjustment cavity close to the circuit board, and the inclined surface of the slider extends out and is inserted into the card groove.

[0016] Preferably, annular grooves are evenly formed on the sliding plate, and a rotating rod is slidably connected in the annular groove; spiral grooves are evenly formed on the inner wall of the adjusting cavity away from the circuit board, and one end of the rotating rod is inserted into the spiral groove; a No. 1 ring is rotatably connected in the No. 1 hole, and the No. 1 ring is symmetrically distributed with respect to the middle position of the No. 1 hole as a reference, and the No. 3 sensor is located between adjacent No. 1 rings; a tape is installed on the side of the No. 1 rings that are close to each other, and a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the No. 1 hole between adjacent No. 1 rings, the rotating shaft is meshed with the No. 1 ring, and the No. 1 ring and the rotating rod are connected by a linkage rod.

[0017] Preferably, a roller is evenly rotated and connected to one side of the No. 1 rings that are close to each other, a tape is provided on the surface of the first roller, and a cleaning cloth is provided on the surface of the second roller; a storage box is provided on one side of the No. 1 rings that are close to each other, and when the storage boxes on adjacent No. 1 rings contact each other to form a whole, the No. 3 sensor is located in the merged storage box.

[0018] A two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detection method, the detection method is applicable to the two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detector, the detection method steps are as follows:

[0019] S1: The laser signal is emitted by the laser, passes through the optical element, and reaches the photodetector. When the laser signal irradiates the surface of the semiconductor device of the photodetector, it absorbs energy to form excited carriers. Since the laser signal irradiates the photodetection component to generate excited carriers, a current is generated on the surface of the semiconductor device. After amplification and processing by the preamplifier, it is output as an effective signal.

[0020] S2: During the detection process, the telescopic device is activated to drive the compression piston to move, and the compression piston moves into the compression cylinder, squeezing the inert gas stored in the compression cylinder, and transporting the gas in the compression cylinder to the cooling tube; when the gas flows through the cooling tube, the coolant dissipates heat to the fins, and the fins cool the gas in the cooling tube, so that the cooling gas enters the instrument body and cools the inside of the photoelectric detector by gas replacement;

[0021] S3: After the fins are cooled, the temperature of the heat sink is lowered, and the circuit board is cooled; when the compression piston descends into the air cavity, the coolant in the sealing cover is sucked into the liquid cavity through the heat dissipation pipe; at this time, the compression piston enters the air cavity, squeezing the gas into the cooling pipe, so that the gas is cooled and blown into the instrument body, so as to achieve the purpose of adopting multiple cooling methods for different components, and cooperate with the photoelectric detector to complete stable detection work, and finally obtain the detection result.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. A two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detector and a detection method thereof of the present invention, when the gas flows through the cooling tube, the coolant dissipates heat to the fins, and the fins cool the gas in the cooling tube, so that the cooling gas enters the interior of the instrument body, and cools the interior of the photoelectric detector by gas replacement, thereby preventing artificial wind such as fans from directly contacting precision devices such as photoelectric detection components and preamplifiers, thereby achieving cooling of the photoelectric detector while ensuring stable operation and improving its working stability.

[0024] 2. A two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detector and a detection method thereof of the present invention, before each gas enters the cooling tube, the coolant in the sealing cover is replaced, and the air-cooled coolant is transported to the sealing cover to cool the fins and the cooling tube in advance, so that each time the gas is transported, it can contact the cooled cooling tube, thereby improving the cooling effect of the gas, and promoting the good implementation of various cooling methods for different components, thereby improving the working stability of the photoelectric detector. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 is a stereogram of the detector of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the detector in the side view direction;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the detector in the normal direction;

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a state diagram when the slider is located inside the card slot;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the heat sink;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fin;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the cooling pipe leading to the regulating cavity;

[0034] Fig. 9 This is the state diagram of the rotating rod entering the spiral groove;

[0035] Fig.10 This is a diagram of the internal structure of Ring 1;

[0036] Fig.11 This is a top view of ring number one as it begins to rotate;

[0037] Fig.12 This is a top view of ring No. 1 when it rotates to the end point;

[0038] Fig.13 It is a three-dimensional picture of the storage box after merging;

[0039] Fig.14 is a flow chart of the detection method of the present invention;

[0040] In the figure: instrument body 1, photoelectric detection component 11, preamplifier 12, semiconductor detector 13, circuit board 14, heat sink 15, fin 16, sealing cover 2, cooling pipe 21, compression cylinder 22, compression piston 23, telescopic device 24, liquid cavity 25, gas cavity 26, liquid outlet 27, liquid inlet 28, gas outlet 3, gas inlet 31, gas outlet pipe 32, branch pipe 33, filter cotton 34, sensor No. 1 35, sensor No. 2 36, heat dissipation pipe 4, air bag 41, drying pipe 42, replacement port 43, gas inlet groove 5. protrusion 51, grille 52, elastic capsule 53, water suction pipe 54, water outlet pipe 55, filter block 56, adjustment chamber 6, sliding plate 61, ball 62, hole No. 1 63, sensor No. 3 64, storage slot 65, sliding door 66, extrusion block 67, electric telescopic rod 68, heating wire 69, slide groove 7, extrusion capsule 71, slider 72, slot 73, annular groove 74, rotating rod 75, spiral groove 76, ring No. 1 77, tape 78, rotating shaft 79, linkage rod 8, roller 81, cleaning cloth 82, storage box 83. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0042] A two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detector, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Figure 1-Figure 13 As shown, the apparatus includes an instrument body 1, a photoelectric detection component 11 and a preamplifier 12. The change of the detection parameter causes the generation and movement of carriers to form a current signal. The preamplifier 12 amplifies and processes the current signal and converts it into the required voltage or current signal output, which is completed after detection by the photoelectric detection component 11. The photoelectric detection component 11 and the preamplifier 12 are components in a conventional laser detector. The instrument body 1 includes:

[0043] A semiconductor detector 13, which is installed in the photoelectric detection component 11, and the material of the semiconductor detector 13 is a two-dimensional semiconductor material; the semiconductor detector 13 is a photodiode, and the photodiode based on the two-dimensional semiconductor material usually adopts a vertical structure device design, uses an N-type semiconductor material as a substrate, and combines a multilayer P-type two-dimensional semiconductor material as a photosensitive unit; this design utilizes the unique properties of two-dimensional semiconductor materials, such as short-wave near-infrared photoelectric response, and improves the performance of the photodiode through the design of asymmetric contact electrodes and annular metal contact electrode structures, thereby improving the performance of photoelectric detection; a circuit board 14 is provided at the bottom of the photoelectric detection component 11, and the circuit board 14 is installed at the bottom of the instrument body 1; a heat sink 15 is installed at the bottom of the circuit board 14, and fins 16 are evenly arranged at the bottom of the heat sink 15, and the heat sink 15 serves as a shell at the bottom of the instrument body 1, and the fins 16 face the outside of the instrument body 1; the circuit board 14 is used to carry and install the photoelectric detection component 11;

[0044] A sealing cover 2 is installed at the bottom of the instrument body 1, and the fin 16 is located between the heat sink 15 and the inner wall of the sealing cover 2; a cooling tube 21 is installed on the fin 16, and one end of the cooling tube 21 is located on the heat sink 15, and the other end is connected to a compression cylinder 22 installed on the outer surface of the sealing cover 2, and the end of the instrument body 1 away from the heat sink 15 is connected to the compression cylinder 22 through a pipeline, and the gas circulation in the instrument body 1 is realized through the compression cylinder 22; a compression piston 23 is slidably connected in the compression cylinder 22, and one end of the compression piston 23 is connected to a telescopic device 24 arranged on the surface of the sealing cover 2; a coolant is stored in the sealing cover 2, and the coolant is a conventional solution used for cooling; the cooling tube 21 is a conventional pipeline for cooling gas, and its inner diameter is less than 1 cm; the telescopic device 24 is a conventional electric device for telescoping, and the telescopic device 24 is selected to produce a small vibration effect;

[0045] Specific working process: the laser signal is emitted by the laser, passes through the optical element, and reaches the photodetector; when the laser signal irradiates the surface of the semiconductor device of the photodetector, it absorbs energy to form excited carriers; the laser signal irradiates the photodetection component 11 to generate excited carriers, which causes current to be generated on the surface of the semiconductor device. This current represents the intensity and waveform of the laser signal; since the generated current signal is very weak, it is amplified and processed by the preamplifier 12 and output as an effective signal, and the detection result is finally obtained through data analysis;

[0046] When the detector is in a long-term working state, the temperature inside the instrument body 1 gradually rises, and the telescopic device 24 is started, driving the compression piston 23 to move. The compression piston 23 moves into the compression cylinder 22, squeezing the inert gas stored in the compression cylinder 22, such as nitrogen, and transporting the gas in the compression cylinder 22 to the cooling tube 21; when the gas flows through the cooling tube 21, the coolant dissipates heat to the fins 16, and the fins 16 cool the gas in the cooling tube 21, so that the cooling gas enters the instrument body 1, and cools the inside of the photoelectric detector by gas replacement, avoiding direct contact between artificial wind such as fans and precision devices such as the photoelectric detection component 11 and the preamplifier 12, so as to achieve cooling of the photoelectric detector and improve its working stability under the premise of ensuring stable operation; after the gas replacement in the instrument body 1, the cold gas enters the instrument body 1, and the hot gas is sucked into the compression cylinder 22 through the pipeline, and the gas circulation is completed by ejection and suction;

[0047] Moreover, after the fin 16 is cooled, the temperature of the heat sink 15 is reduced. The heat sink 15 directly contacts the photoelectric detection component 11 to achieve a heat transfer effect of low temperature contacting high temperature, thereby cooling the circuit board 14 and the photoelectric detection component 11, stabilizing the working environment temperature, and improving the stability of the photoelectric detection operation; moreover, the laser signal first contacts the semiconductor detector 13 in the photoelectric detection component 11, and then transmits the output current to the preamplifier 12. In this way, the photoelectric detection component 11 generates energy transfer when receiving the laser, causing the working temperature of the photoelectric detection component 11 to rise faster than the preamplifier 12, causing the temperature of the photoelectric detection component 11 to be greater than the temperature of the preamplifier 12; through the above-mentioned method, the gas replacement cooling cools the photoelectric detection component 11 and the preamplifier 12 at the same time, and the contact cooling effect of the heat sink 15 is used. The two cooperate, so that the photoelectric detection component 11 can be subjected to a variety of cooling methods, and the cooling effect of the photoelectric detection component 11 is improved, while achieving the purpose of adopting a variety of cooling methods for different components, thereby improving the working stability of the photoelectric detector. Example

[0048] Based on the first embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Figure 1-Figure 9 As shown, the space in the compression cylinder 22 is divided into a liquid chamber 25 and a gas chamber 26 based on the compression piston 23, and the liquid chamber 25 is close to the telescopic device 24. The compression cylinder 22 is respectively provided with a liquid outlet 27, a liquid inlet 28, a gas outlet 3 and a gas inlet 31 for realizing liquid phase circulation and gas phase circulation; the heat dissipation plate 15 is evenly provided with gas outlet pipes 32, and the gas outlet pipes 32 are installed at the position close to the circuit board 14. The branch pipes 33 are inclined, and the end of the gas outlet pipes 32;

[0049] The air cavity 26 is located below the liquid cavity 25, and a filter cotton 34 is installed at the bottom of the air cavity 26, and water is stored in the filter cotton 34; a sensor No. 1 35 and a sensor No. 2 36 are installed in the instrument body 1, and the sensor No. 1 35 and the sensor No. 2 36 detect the temperature of the preamplifier 12 and the photoelectric detector assembly respectively; the liquid outlet 27 and the liquid inlet 28 are located at the top of the compression cylinder 22 and are connected to the liquid cavity 25, and the compression cylinder 22 sucks the coolant into the sealing cover 2 through the liquid inlet 28 and the heat dissipation pipe 4, and transports the coolant into the sealing cover 2 through the liquid outlet 27, so as to realize cooling. The air outlet 3 and the air inlet 31 are located at the bottom of the compression cylinder 22 and are connected to the air cavity 26. The air outlet 3 is far away from the filter cotton 34. The compression cylinder 22 draws air to the instrument body 1 through the air inlet 31 and delivers air to the instrument body 1 through the air outlet 3, so as to achieve the circulation effect of the inert gas. The heat dissipation pipe 4 can be vertically arranged in a vortex shape or the like according to the on-site installation conditions. The gas in the air bag 41 is blown to the heat dissipation pipe 4 to cool the coolant. The heat dissipation pipe 4 can be selected from types with small outer diameters such as capillaries. The air outlet pipe 32 is arranged to be inclined to point to the inner wall of the instrument body 1.

[0050] The fin 16 is wavy and vertically arranged; a mesh-shaped drying tube 42 is arranged in the cooling tube 21, and a desiccant is stored in the drying tube 42, and the drying tube 42 is in close contact with the inner wall of the cooling tube 21; a replacement port 43 is evenly arranged at the bottom of the sealing cover 2, and the replacement port 43 is connected to the cooling tube 21, and the bottom of the drying tube 42 is connected to the sealing plug of the replacement port 43; the drying tube 42 is tubular, and air-permeable holes are evenly opened on the surface of the drying tube 42;

[0051] Specific working process: when the compression piston 23 rises and enters the liquid cavity 25, the coolant in the liquid cavity 25 is squeezed into the sealing cover 2; at this time, the compression piston 23 is away from the air cavity 26, so that a negative pressure is formed in the air cavity 26, and the gas in the instrument body 1 is sucked through the air inlet hole 31; when the compression piston 23 descends and enters the air cavity 26, the coolant in the sealing cover 2 is sucked into the liquid cavity 25 through the heat dissipation pipe 4; at this time, the compression piston 23 enters the air cavity 26, squeezing the gas into the cooling pipe 21; when the compression piston 23 rises, the liquid inlet hole 28 remains blocked, and the coolant in the heat dissipation pipe 4 is in In the static state, after the compression piston 23 rises, the distance between it and the telescopic device 24 decreases, the airbag 41 is squeezed, and the air inside the airbag 41 blows toward the heat dissipation pipe 4, and the heat dissipation pipe 4 and the coolant are cooled by air cooling; as the compression piston 23 descends, the liquid inlet pipe is in a connected state, and the coolant cooled by air enters the compression cylinder 22 and is ready to be transported to the sealing cover 2; through the cooperation of the heat dissipation pipe 4 and the airbag 41, the coolant is cooled by air during the circulation process, thereby improving the cooling effect of the coolant on the fins 16, thereby improving the cooling effect on the photoelectric detector;

[0052] Furthermore, when the coolant enters the compression cylinder 22, the compression piston 23 moves away from the telescopic device 24, and the distance between the two increases, so that the airbag 41 expands. When the airbag 41 expands, it draws air into the heat dissipation pipe 4, speeding up the air flow around the heat dissipation pipe 4, and further improving the cooling effect of the coolant on the fins 16; moreover, before each gas enters the cooling pipe 21, the coolant in the sealing cover 2 is replaced, and the air-cooled coolant is transported to the sealing cover 2, so that the fins 16 and the cooling pipe 21 are cooled in advance, so that each time the gas is transported, it can contact the cooled cooling pipe 21, thereby improving the cooling effect of the gas, and promoting the good implementation of various cooling methods for different components, thereby improving the working stability of the photoelectric detector;

[0053] Furthermore, the gas enters the outlet pipe 32 through the cooling pipe 21 and is quickly sprayed toward the inner wall of the instrument body 1, so as to prevent the cold air from blowing toward the semiconductor detector 13, resulting in uneven cooling of the overall photoelectric detection component 11, which may affect the photoelectric detection component 11, thereby increasing the protection measures for the semiconductor detector 13; and, during the rapid flow of gas in the outlet pipe 32, the flow rate of the gas increases. According to the Bernoulli principle, the increase in flow rate will cause the pressure in the area to decrease; this pressure difference causes the gas in the branch pipe 33 to be sucked into the outlet pipe 32 to form a continuous airflow, and because one end of the branch pipe 33 faces the photoelectric detection component 11, the branch pipe 33 cools the photoelectric detection component 11 by exhausting air, avoiding the influence of direct gas blowing; and, the branch pipe 33 absorbs the gas around the photoelectric detection component 11, which can also accelerate the movement effect of the gas in the instrument body 1, accelerate the gas replacement efficiency, and improve the cooling effect;

[0054] When the air inlet 31 delivers gas to the compression cylinder 22, it is first filtered through the filter cotton 34 to filter and collect impurities such as dust in the gas. Since water is stored in the filter cotton 34, when the filter cotton 34 filters the gas, the contact between the water and the filter cotton 34 improves the filtering effect of the filter cotton 34 on the gas, reduces impurities in the gas during the circulation process, avoids affecting the operation of the photoelectric detector, and thus improves the working stability of the photoelectric detector. In addition, by setting a No. 1 sensor 35 and a No. 2 sensor 36, and detecting the temperature of the preamplifier 12 and the photoelectric detector assembly respectively, the staff can timely understand the working temperature of different devices, so that it is convenient for the staff to adjust the heat dissipation effect in time according to the temperature, and further improve the working stability of the photoelectric detector.

[0055] Furthermore, since the fins 16 are wavy and vertically arranged, the fins 16 can increase the contact area with the coolant and the heat dissipation area compared to the vertical type, thereby improving the cooling effect; and, since the fins 16 are wavy, the cooling tube 21 is also wavy, which increases the contact area between the cooling tube 21 and the coolant, promotes the cooling of the cooling tube 21, and improves the cooling efficiency of the gas; when the gas passes through the filter cotton 34 with water, the water content in the gas will increase, and when passing through the cooling tube 21, the contact area between the cooling tube 21 and the coolant will increase. The desiccant in the drying tube 42 can be made of saltpeter, and the principle of making ice with saltpeter is used. When the humid gas contacts the desiccant, the desiccant dehumidifies the gas while the desiccant contacts water to absorb heat and reduce the temperature of the cooling tube 21 and the gas temperature, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the gas and further improving the cooling effect. Moreover, the staff can periodically open the replacement port 43, remove the sealing plug in the replacement port 43, and replace the desiccant by moving the drying tube 42 out of the cooling tube 21, thereby improving the convenience of use. Example

[0056] Based on the second embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Figure 1-Figure 8 As shown, an air inlet groove 5 is provided at the bottom of the compression cylinder 22, and the bottom edge of the filter cotton 34 is connected to the inner wall of the air inlet groove 5, the air inlet hole 31 is located at the bottom of the air inlet groove 5, and the bottom of the air inlet groove 5 is funnel-shaped; a protrusion 51 is provided at the bottom of the compression piston 23, and the protrusion 51 is located in the air inlet groove 5; a grille 52 is provided at the bottom of the air inlet groove 5, and the grille 52 and the bottom of the air inlet groove 5 form a triangular space;

[0057] An annular elastic bag 53 is arranged inside the filter cotton 34, and the bottom of the elastic bag 53 is connected to the grid net 52; a water suction pipe 54 and a water outlet pipe 55 are arranged at the bottom of the elastic bag 53, and one end of the water suction pipe 54 and the water outlet pipe 55 are located at the bottom of the air inlet groove 5, and a filter block 56 is arranged inside the water outlet pipe 55; the outer ring surface of the elastic bag 53 is connected to the inner wall of the air inlet groove 5; the elastic bag 53 is a conventional water bag that stores water and has elastic recovery;

[0058] Specific working process: the compression piston 23 descends and drives the protrusion 51 to descend and enter the air inlet groove 5. The protrusion 51 squeezes downward from the top of the filter cotton 34. The filter cotton 34 is blocked and supported by the grid mesh 52, so that the water in the filter cotton 34 is squeezed out through the holes in the grid mesh 52 and gathered at the bottom of the air inlet groove 5; when the compression piston 23 rises to inhale, the gas transported into the air cavity 26 by the air inlet hole 31 enters the water gathered at the bottom of the air inlet groove 5 and bubbles out. By washing with water, the gas in the circulation process is cleaned, and the impurities contained in the gas are removed, thereby improving the cleanliness of the gas in the circulation cooling process of the photoelectric detector, avoiding the influence of impurities on semiconductor devices, and improving the working stability of the semiconductor detector 13, thereby improving the working stability of the photoelectric detector;

[0059] When the filter cotton 34 is squeezed, the elastic bag 53 inside is also squeezed, and the water inside the elastic bag 53 is squeezed out and discharged to the bottom of the air inlet groove 5 through the water outlet pipe 55 for gathering; and when the water inside the elastic bag 53 passes through the water outlet pipe 55, it will pass through the filter block 56, and the water will be filtered and collected by the filter pipe, and then discharged to the bottom of the air inlet groove 5, so as to avoid the gas and the impurities from contacting again, thereby improving the gas cleanliness.

[0060] When the air cavity 26 inhales, the protrusion 51 moves away from the filter cotton 34 and the elastic capsule 53, and the filter cotton 34 and the elastic capsule 53 slowly elastically recover, the filter cotton 34 absorbs the relatively clean water on the water surface, and the elastic capsule 53 absorbs the relatively turbid water at the bottom of the water through the water suction pipe 54. The relatively clean water is absorbed by the filter cotton 34 and continues to filter the gas, while the relatively turbid water is sucked into the elastic capsule 53 and filtered by the filter block 56 when discharged to clean the water, thereby maintaining the cleanliness of the water and the effect to be achieved by washing the gas with water; and, in the process of continuously squeezing out water and recovering to absorb water, the filter cotton 34 uses the flow of water to wash away the impurities filtered out by the filter cotton 34 and away from the filter cotton 34, so as to achieve the effect of filtering clean water and cleaning the filter cotton 34 with the above effect;

[0061] Furthermore, since the filter cotton 34 and the elastic bag 53 are connected to the inner wall of the air inlet groove 5 on all sides, the gas is guided to pass through the center position of the filter cotton 34, avoiding the gas passing through the gap between the filter cotton 34 and the elastic bag 53 and the inner wall of the air inlet groove 5, which would cause the gas to not be completely filtered, thereby achieving the multiple cleaning effects of the gas being washed with water and filtered by the filter cotton 34, thereby improving the cleanliness of the gas, improving the working stability of the semiconductor detector 13, and then improving the working stability of the photoelectric detector. Example

[0062] Based on the third embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Figure 1-Figure 13 As shown, a regulating chamber 6 is provided in the heat dissipation plate 15, and the regulating chamber 6 is connected and disconnected with the air outlet pipe 32 by a solenoid valve; a sliding plate 61 is slidably connected in the regulating chamber 6, and a ball bearing 62 is arranged around the sliding plate 61, and a No. 1 hole 63 is evenly provided on the sliding plate 61, and a No. 3 sensor 64 is arranged in the No. 1 hole 63 for detecting the temperature and humidity of the gas in the regulating chamber 6; a storage groove 65 is evenly provided on the inner wall of the regulating chamber 6 close to the circuit board 14, and a desiccant is stored in the storage groove 65, and a sliding door 66 is slidably connected to the opening of the storage groove 65 through a spring, and the cross-section of the sliding door 66 is triangular; an extrusion block 67 is provided on the sliding plate 61, and the extrusion block 67 is The end contacts the inclined surface of the sliding door 66; an electric telescopic rod 68 is installed on the side of the heat sink 15 away from the circuit board 14, and the end of the electric telescopic rod 68 is connected to the sliding plate 61; a heating wire 69 is arranged inside the sliding plate 61; the No. 1 sensor 35, the No. 2 sensor 36 and the No. 3 sensor 64 are all conventional temperature and humidity sensors; the solenoid valve is a conventional valve body for controlling the on-off of the pipeline, the electric telescopic rod 68 is a conventional electric drive telescopic device, and the solenoid valve, the electric telescopic rod 68 and the telescopic device 24 and other electrical components are all protected, and the electric telescopic rod 68 and the telescopic device 24 are selected from low-noise types to avoid affecting the normal operation of the photoelectric detector;

[0063] A slide groove 7 is provided on the side of the sliding door 66 contacting the inner wall of the regulating chamber 6, and a squeeze capsule 71 and a slider 72 are provided in the slide groove 7. The squeeze capsule 71 is connected to the bottom of the slide groove 7, and the slider 72 is connected to the end of the squeeze capsule 71 away from the bottom of the slide groove 7. An air leakage hole is provided in the squeeze capsule 71; a card slot 73 is evenly provided on the inner wall of the regulating chamber 6 close to the circuit board 14, and the inclined surface of the slider 72 extends out and is inserted into the card slot 73;

[0064] Annular grooves 74 are evenly formed on the sliding plate 61, and a rotating rod 75 is slidably connected in the annular groove 74; spiral grooves 76 are evenly formed on the inner wall of the regulating cavity 6 away from the circuit board 14, and one end of the rotating rod 75 is inserted into the spiral groove 76; a No. 1 ring 77 is rotatably connected in the No. 1 hole 63, and the No. 1 ring 77 is symmetrically distributed with the middle position of the No. 1 hole 63 as a reference, and the No. 3 sensor 64 is located between adjacent No. 1 rings 77; a tape 78 is installed on the side of the No. 1 rings 77 that are close to each other, and a rotating shaft 79 is rotatably connected between the inner wall of the No. 1 hole 63 and the adjacent No. 1 rings 77, and the rotating shaft 79 is meshed with the No. 1 ring 77, and the No. 1 ring 77 and the rotating rod 75 are connected by a linkage rod 8; the tape 78 uses a special tool for adhering impurities on the sensor to prevent the glue on the tape 78 from being left on the No. 3 sensor 64; a spring is provided in the annular groove 74 and between the rotating rod 75;

[0065] The side of the No. 1 rings 77 that are close to each other is evenly rotated and connected with a roller 81, a tape 78 is arranged on the surface of the first roller 81, and a cleaning cloth 82 is arranged on the surface of the second roller 81; a storage box 83 is arranged on the side of the No. 1 rings 77 that are close to each other, and when the storage boxes 83 on the adjacent No. 1 rings 77 contact each other to form a whole, the No. 3 sensor 64 is located in the combined storage box 83; the cleaning cloth 82 is conventionally used to eliminate the work on the sensor to prevent static electricity from affecting the operation of the sensor; the storage boxes 83 on the adjacent No. 1 rings 77 can be engaged with each other, such as the storage box 83 on the first No. 1 ring 77 is L-shaped, and the storage box 83 on the second No. 1 ring 77 is inverted L-shaped, and the two storage boxes 83 are combined to form a sealed storage box 83;

[0066] Specific working process: the cooling tube 21 delivers the internally cooled gas to the regulating chamber 6. On the one hand, the cold air cools the heat sink 15 through the regulating chamber 6; on the other hand, the temperature and humidity of the gas in the regulating chamber 6 are detected by the No. 3 sensor 64, so that the staff can grasp the temperature and humidity of the gas in real time, and then cooperate with the data of the No. 1 sensor 35 and the No. 2 sensor 36 to achieve the staff to adjust the temperature and humidity of the gas, so as to ensure that the semiconductor devices in the photoelectric detector can operate in a suitable working environment and improve the working stability of the photoelectric detector; the gas temperature and humidity adjustment method is illustrated below by an example. If the gas temperature is low, the air outlet end of the air bag 41 is kept away from the heat pipe 4 to weaken the cooling effect of the coolant; if it is not satisfied, the desiccant in the drying strip is replaced with a silica gel desiccant, which only dehumidifies the gas without cooling it; if the gas humidity is low, the drying strip is removed;

[0067] If the temperature and humidity of the gas in the regulating chamber 6 do not meet the requirements, for example, the temperature in the photoelectric detector is high and the temperature of the gas is low, and the temperature difference between the two is large, the gas cannot directly enter the instrument body 1; therefore, the gas is transported to the regulating chamber 6 for storage for a short period of time, and the electric telescopic rod 68 is started at this time, and the sliding plate 61 is driven to move by the electric telescopic rod 68, and the sliding plate 61 moves in the regulating chamber 6 through the ball 62, thereby reducing the friction vibration caused by the movement of the sliding plate 61 and reducing the impact on the photoelectric detector; the sliding plate 61 moves back and forth in the regulating chamber 6 to squeeze the gas in the regulating chamber 6 and continuously pass through the first Hole 63, heating wire 69 heats sliding plate 61, and by continuously contacting and stirring the gas, the cooled gas is heated to the required temperature, and then the solenoid valve is opened and the gas circulation is restored to discharge the gas into the instrument body 1, so that the staff can more finely control the temperature of the cooling gas, thereby improving the stability of the photoelectric detector; and, if the photoelectric detector is started in winter, the staff can turn on the heating wire 69 to heat the gas through the sliding plate 61, and preheat it when it is discharged into the instrument body 1, so that it can enter the working state faster, and improve the convenience of use;

[0068] If the temperature of the gas in the regulating chamber 6 is still too high, the sliding plate 61 can be controlled to drive the extrusion block 67 to move to the inclined surface of the sliding door 66 to contact and squeeze the sliding door 66. After the sliding door 66 is squeezed, it slides along the inner wall of the regulating chamber 6 to open the storage tank 65, leaking the desiccant containing saltpeter inside or replacing the desiccant with other conventional cooling substances, so that the gas contacts the desiccant and cools down again, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the gas.

[0069] Furthermore, if the sliding door 66 needs to be opened for a long time, the sliding door 66 is moved close to the slot 73, at which time the slider 72 is located in the slot 7 and the squeezing bag 71 is in a compressed state; when the slot 73 is aligned with the slot 7, the inclined surface of the slider 72 extends into the slot 7, and the squeezing bag 71 is not squeezed and slowly elastically recovers through the air leakage hole; then the sliding plate 61 drives the squeezing block 67 away from the sliding door 66, and the sliding door 66 is reset by the spring and drives the slider 72 to reset, at which time the inclined surface of the slider 72 contacts the inner wall of the opening of the slot 73, so that the slider 72 gradually shrinks along the inclined surface guide In the return slide groove 7, the slow exhaust of the air leakage hole hinders the retraction of the slider 72, so that the retraction of the slider 72 takes a longer time, which makes it take a longer time for the sliding door 66 to reset, so that the storage groove 65 is in an open state for a long time, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling the gas, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the gas; and in the process of cooling or heating the gas, the sliding plate 61 can be in a reciprocating state, stirring the gas in the regulating chamber 6, improving the gas flow effect, promoting the gas regulation effect, and improving the gas regulation efficiency, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the semiconductor device;

[0070] After the No. 3 sensor 64 has worked for a long time, it needs to be cleaned and its surface dried to avoid the reduction of the sensitivity of the No. 3 sensor 64; therefore, the sliding plate 61 drives the rotating rod 75 to be inserted into the spiral groove 76, and the rotating rod 75 is at the initial position of the annular groove 74 at this time, and the rotating rod 75 is also inserted into the initial position of the spiral groove 76; as the sliding plate 61 continues to approach the inner wall of the adjustment chamber 6, the annular groove 74 squeezes the rotating rod 75 to move deeper along the bottom wall of the spiral groove 76, and while rotating, it is guided by the inner wall of the spiral groove 76 to rotate around the center of the No. 1 hole 63, and the rotating rod 75 drives the first No. 1 ring 77 to rotate through the linkage rod 8, and the first No. 1 ring 7 The engagement drives the rotating shaft 79 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 79 also drives the second No. 1 ring 77 to rotate through the engagement, and the first No. 1 ring 77 and the second No. 1 ring 77 rotate in opposite directions, so that the first No. 1 ring 77 drives the adhesive tape 78 from bottom to top to contact and clean one side of the No. 3 sensor 64, and the second No. 1 ring 77 drives the adhesive tape 78 from top to bottom to contact and clean the other side of the No. 3 sensor 64, completing the cleaning work of the No. 3 sensor 64, maintaining the working sensitivity of the No. 3 sensor 64, ensuring the accuracy of temperature detection, and improving the control of the staff on the cooling gas; when the sliding plate 61 is away from the spiral groove 76, the rotating rod 75 is affected by the spring to drive the No. 1 ring 77 to reset;

[0071] Furthermore, the No. 1 ring 77 drives the roller 81 to rotate, and the first roller 81 drives the tape 78 to clean the surface of the No. 3 sensor 64 and roll over it; the second roller 81 drives the cleaning cloth 82 to contact and eliminate the static electricity on the No. 3 sensor 64, and roll over it, so that the No. 3 sensor 64 can eliminate its own static electricity while being cleaned, thereby avoiding the situation where the detection of the No. 3 sensor 64 is affected by the static electricity; when it is necessary to store the No. 3 sensor 64, the No. 1 ring 77 is driven to continue to rotate, so that the first storage box 83 approaches the No. 3 sensor 64 from bottom to top, and the second storage box 83 approaches the No. 3 sensor 64 from top to bottom, until the two storage boxes 83 are merged to form a sealed storage box 83, and at this time, the No. 3 sensor 64 is in the merged storage box 83 for sealed storage, which improves the convenience of use and thus improves practicality. Example

[0072] A two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detection method, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Fig.14 As shown, the detection method is applicable to the above-mentioned two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detector, and the detection method steps are as follows:

[0073] S1: The laser signal is emitted by the laser, passes through the optical element, and reaches the photodetector; when the laser signal irradiates the surface of the semiconductor device of the photodetector, it absorbs energy to form excited carriers; the laser signal irradiates the photodetection component 11 to generate excited carriers, so that current is generated on the surface of the semiconductor device; and then it is amplified and processed by the preamplifier 12 and output as an effective signal;

[0074] S2: During the detection process, the telescopic device 24 is started, driving the compression piston 23 to move, and the compression piston 23 moves into the compression cylinder 22, squeezing the inert gas stored in the compression cylinder 22, and transporting the gas in the compression cylinder 22 to the cooling tube 21; when the gas flows through the cooling tube 21, the coolant dissipates heat to the fins 16, and the fins 16 cool the gas in the cooling tube 21, so that the cooling gas enters the inside of the instrument body 1, and cools the inside of the photoelectric detector by gas replacement;

[0075] S3: After the fin 16 is cooled, the temperature of the heat sink 15 is lowered, and the circuit board 14 is cooled; when the compression piston 23 descends and enters the air cavity 26, the coolant in the sealing cover 2 is sucked into the liquid cavity 25 through the heat dissipation pipe 4; at this time, the compression piston 23 enters the air cavity 26, and squeezes the gas into the cooling pipe 21, so that the gas is cooled and blown into the instrument body 1, so as to achieve the purpose of adopting multiple cooling methods for different components, cooperate with the photoelectric detector to complete stable detection work, and finally obtain the detection result.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detector, comprising an instrument body (1), a photoelectric detection component (11) and a preamplifier (12); characterized in that: The instrument body (1) comprises: A semiconductor detector (13), the semiconductor detector (13) being installed in a photoelectric detection assembly (11), and the semiconductor detector (13) being made of a two-dimensional semiconductor material; a circuit board (14) being provided at the bottom of the photoelectric detection assembly (11), and the circuit board (14) being installed at the bottom of an instrument body (1); a heat sink (15) being installed at the bottom of the circuit board (14), fins (16) being evenly provided at the bottom of the heat sink (15), the heat sink (15) serving as a shell at the bottom of the instrument body (1), and the fins (16) facing outwards of the instrument body (1); A sealing cover (2), wherein the sealing cover (2) is installed at the bottom of the instrument body (1), and the fin (16) is located between the heat sink (15) and the inner wall of the sealing cover (2); a cooling pipe (21) is installed on the fin (16), and one end of the cooling pipe (21) is located on the heat sink (15), and the other end is connected to a compression cylinder (22) installed on the outer surface of the sealing cover (2); the end of the instrument body (1) away from the heat sink (15) is connected to the compression cylinder (22) through a pipeline, and gas circulation in the instrument body (1) is realized through the compression cylinder (22); a compression piston (23) is slidably connected in the compression cylinder (22), and one end of the compression piston (23) is connected to a telescopic device (24) arranged on the surface of the sealing cover (2); and a coolant is stored in the sealing cover (2).

2. A two-dimensional semiconductor material photodetector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The space in the compression cylinder (22) is divided into a liquid chamber (25) and an air chamber (26) based on the compression piston (23), and the liquid chamber (25) is close to the telescopic device (24). The compression cylinder (22) is respectively provided with a liquid outlet hole (27), a liquid inlet hole (28), an air outlet hole (3) and an air inlet hole (31) for realizing liquid phase circulation and gas phase circulation; the heat dissipation plate (15) is evenly provided with air outlet pipes (32), and a branch pipe (33) is installed at a position of the air outlet pipe (32) close to the circuit board (14), and the branch pipe (33) is inclined, and the end of the air outlet pipe (32); The air cavity (26) is located below the liquid cavity (25), and a filter cotton (34) is installed at the bottom of the air cavity (26), and water is stored in the filter cotton (34); a first sensor (35) and a second sensor (36) are installed in the instrument body (1), and the first sensor (35) and the second sensor (36) detect the temperature of the preamplifier (12) and the photoelectric detector component respectively; a heat dissipation pipe (4) is provided on the top of the sealing cover (2), and the heat dissipation pipe (4) is connected to the liquid inlet hole (28); an air bag (41) is provided on the surface of the telescopic device (24), and the surface of the air bag (41) is connected to the compression piston (23), and the air outlet end of the air bag (41) faces the heat dissipation pipe (4).

3. A two-dimensional semiconductor material photodetector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fins (16) are wavy and arranged vertically; a mesh-shaped drying tube (42) is arranged inside the cooling tube (21), and a desiccant is stored inside the drying tube (42), and the drying tube (42) is in close contact with the inner wall of the cooling tube (21); replacement ports (43) are evenly arranged at the bottom of the sealing cover (2), and the replacement ports (43) are connected to the cooling tube (21), and the bottom of the drying tube (42) is connected to the sealing plug of the replacement port (43).

4. A two-dimensional semiconductor material photodetector according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the compression cylinder (22) is provided with an air inlet groove (5), and the bottom edge of the filter cotton (34) is connected to the inner wall of the air inlet groove (5), the air inlet hole (31) is located at the bottom of the air inlet groove (5), and the bottom of the air inlet groove (5) is funnel-shaped; the bottom of the compression piston (23) is provided with a protrusion (51), and the protrusion (51) is located in the air inlet groove (5); the bottom of the air inlet groove (5) is provided with a grille net (52), and the grille net (52) and the bottom of the air inlet groove (5) form a triangular space.

5. A two-dimensional semiconductor material photodetector according to claim 4, characterized in that: An annular elastic bag (53) is arranged inside the filter cotton (34), and the bottom of the elastic bag (53) is connected to the grid net (52); a water suction pipe (54) and a water outlet pipe (55) are respectively arranged at the bottom of the elastic bag (53), and one end of the water suction pipe (54) and the water outlet pipe (55) are located at the bottom of the air inlet groove (5), and a filter block (56) is arranged inside the water outlet pipe (55).

6. The two-dimensional semiconductor material photodetector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat sink (15) is provided with a regulating chamber (6), and the regulating chamber (6) is connected to the air outlet pipe (32) by a solenoid valve; a sliding plate (61) is slidably connected to the regulating chamber (6), and balls (62) are arranged around the sliding plate (61); a No. 1 hole (63) is evenly arranged on the sliding plate (61), and a No. 3 sensor (64) is arranged in the No. 1 hole (63) for detecting the temperature and humidity of the gas in the regulating chamber (6); a storage groove (65) is evenly arranged on the inner wall of the regulating chamber (6) close to the circuit board (14) , and a desiccant is stored in the storage tank (65); a sliding door (66) is slidably connected to the opening of the storage tank (65) through a spring, and the cross-section of the sliding door (66) is triangular; an extrusion block (67) is provided on the sliding plate (61), and one end of the extrusion block (67) contacts the inclined surface of the sliding door (66); an electric telescopic rod (68) is installed on the side of the heat dissipation plate (15) away from the circuit board (14), and the end of the electric telescopic rod (68) is connected to the sliding plate (61); a heating wire (69) is provided in the sliding plate (61).

7. A two-dimensional semiconductor material photodetector according to claim 6, characterized in that: A slide groove (7) is provided on the side of the sliding door (66) contacting the inner wall of the regulating chamber (6), and an extrusion bag (71) and a slider (72) are provided in the slide groove (7), the extrusion bag (71) is connected to the bottom of the slide groove (7), and the slider (72) is connected to the end of the extrusion bag (71) away from the bottom of the slide groove (7), and an air leakage hole is provided in the extrusion bag (71); and a card slot (73) is evenly provided on the inner wall of the regulating chamber (6) close to the circuit board (14), and the inclined surface of the slider (72) extends out and is inserted into the card slot (73).

8. The two-dimensional semiconductor material photodetector according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sliding plate (61) is evenly provided with annular grooves (74), and a rotating rod (75) is slidably connected in the annular groove (74); the inner wall of the regulating cavity (6) away from the circuit board (14) is evenly provided with spiral grooves (76), and one end of the rotating rod (75) is inserted into the spiral groove (76); a No. 1 ring (77) is rotatably connected in the No. 1 hole (63), and the No. 1 ring (77) is symmetrically distributed with the middle position of the No. 1 hole (63) as a reference, and the No. 3 sensor (64) is located between adjacent No. 1 rings (77); a tape (78) is installed on the side of the No. 1 rings (77) that are close to each other, and a rotating shaft (79) is rotatably connected between the inner wall of the No. 1 hole (63) and adjacent No. 1 rings (77), the rotating shaft (79) is meshed with the No. 1 ring (77), and the No. 1 ring (77) and the rotating rod (75) are connected through a linkage rod (8).

9. The two-dimensional semiconductor material photodetector according to claim 8, characterized in that: The side of the No. 1 rings (77) close to each other is evenly connected with a roller (81), a tape (78) is arranged on the surface of the first roller (81), and a cleaning cloth (82) is arranged on the surface of the second roller (81); a storage box (83) is arranged on the side of the No. 1 rings (77) close to each other, and when the storage boxes (83) on adjacent No. 1 rings (77) contact each other to form a whole, the No. 3 sensor (64) is located in the combined storage box (83).

10. A two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detection method, the detection method is applicable to the two-dimensional semiconductor material photoelectric detector according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the detection method steps are as follows: S1: The laser signal is emitted by the laser, passes through the optical element, and reaches the photodetector; when the laser signal irradiates the surface of the semiconductor device of the photodetector, it absorbs energy to form excited carriers; the laser signal irradiates the photodetection component (11) to generate excited carriers, so that current is generated on the surface of the semiconductor device; and then it is amplified and processed by the preamplifier (12) and output as an effective signal; S2: During the detection process, the telescopic device (24) is started, driving the compression piston (23) to move, and the compression piston (23) moves into the compression cylinder (22), squeezing the inert gas stored in the compression cylinder (22), and transporting the gas in the compression cylinder (22) to the cooling tube (21); when the gas flows through the cooling tube (21), the coolant dissipates heat to the fins (16), and the fins (16) cool the gas in the cooling tube (21), so that the cooling gas enters the interior of the instrument body (1), and cools the interior of the photoelectric detector by gas replacement; S3: After the fins (16) are cooled, the temperature of the heat sink (15) is lowered, thereby cooling the circuit board (14); when the compression piston (23) descends and enters the air cavity (26), the coolant in the sealing cover (2) is sucked into the liquid cavity (25) through the heat dissipation pipe (4); at this time, the compression piston (23) enters the air cavity (26), squeezing the gas into the cooling pipe (21), so that the gas is cooled and blown into the instrument body (1), thereby achieving the purpose of adopting multiple cooling methods for different components, cooperating with the photoelectric detector to complete stable detection work, and finally obtaining the detection result.

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