Management method for promoting seedling emergence of panax notoginseng planted under forest

Abstract

The invention provides a management method for promoting seedling emergence of pseudo-ginseng under-forest planting, and relates to the technical field of pseudo-ginseng planting. The management method for planting seedlings under the pseudo-ginseng forest mainly comprises the steps that pseudo-ginseng seeds are disinfected and then preliminarily dried, then the pseudo-ginseng seeds are subjected to ice-water bath soaking and normal-temperature soaking in a seed soaking agent, the seed soaking agent is prepared by compounding indolebutyric acid, gibberellin, decyl glucoside, salicylic acid and the like, and appropriate water and fertilizer management and shading management are conducted after sowing. According to the method, the defects in the prior art are overcome, early seedling emergence tidiness of the panax notoginseng is effectively promoted through early treatment of the panax notoginseng seeds, the growth efficiency of the panax notoginseng is further improved, and the benefits of under-forest planting of the panax notoginseng are comprehensively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Panax notoginseng planting, and in particular to a management method for promoting the emergence of seedlings planted under a Panax notoginseng forest. Background Art

[0002] Panax notoginseng is a perennial herb of the genus Panax, Araliaceae. Its dried roots and rhizomes are used as medicine, which has the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain. Panax notoginseng is an authentic and precious Chinese medicinal material, which has an important influence in both traditional Chinese and Western medicine in modern medicine. At present, in order to meet the market demand for Panax notoginseng, most of them are artificially planted, but the traditional way of planting Panax notoginseng in farmland leads to the prominent problem of continuous cropping obstacles of Panax notoginseng, which seriously affects the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng; and the excessive use of pesticides in the production process of Panax notoginseng not only fails to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles, but also leads to the problem of pesticide residues. Factors such as occupation of farmland resources, application of fertilizers and pesticides, and planting costs restrict the yield and quality of Panax notoginseng.

[0003] Underforest planting refers to a planting mode that relies on the land resources of forest land and shaded spaces to plant some plants with low plant height and shade-loving environment, thereby making full use of forest resources. Now, planting Chinese medicinal materials under forests is a relatively widespread and popular planting method, and the growth habits of Panax notoginseng are also suitable for underforest planting.

[0004] Currently, most of the Panax notoginseng under-forest planting is done by sowing Panax notoginseng seeds directly under the forest. However, Panax notoginseng seeds themselves have a dormant period, and the dormancy period can be as long as several months. In the actual sowing process, there is a problem of uneven early emergence, and the overall emergence rate is not high during the actual sowing process. Under more suitable conditions, the emergence rate can only reach 85% at most, while the emergence rate of under-forest planting can often only reach about 60%, which greatly reduces the economic benefits of Panax notoginseng planting, and will also cause the subsequent uneven growth and poor growth of Panax notoginseng. Therefore, how to improve the emergence rate and later growth efficiency of Panax notoginseng under-forest sowing is a major research direction at this stage. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a management method for promoting the emergence of seedlings of Panax notoginseng under forests. By treating Panax notoginseng seeds at an early stage, the early emergence of Panax notoginseng seedlings is effectively promoted, and the growth efficiency of Panax notoginseng is further improved, thereby comprehensively improving the benefits of Panax notoginseng under forest planting.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A management method for promoting the emergence of seedlings of Panax notoginseng understory forest, the management method comprising the following steps: S1. Planting forest treatment: select broad-leaved forest or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest as the planting forest for Panax notoginseng, remove weeds and dead leaves in the forest, apply base fertilizer to the forest, then prepare the land and make ridges, set up sunshade nets and rain cloths, and set water pipes and sprinkler heads under the sunshade nets; S2. Pretreatment of Panax notoginseng seeds: After removing the peel of Panax notoginseng seeds, rinse them, soak them for disinfection, and then preliminarily dry them. Then, soak them in an ice water bath with a seed soaking agent for 10-15 minutes, and then continue to soak them at room temperature for 5-10 minutes to obtain treated Panax notoginseng seeds; the formula of the seed soaking agent is: clean water + indolebutyric acid 20-40 mg / L + gibberellin 80-120 mg / L + decyl glucoside 120-180 mg / L + salicylic acid 40-60 mg / L; S3, Panax notoginseng sowing treatment: after digging sowing holes on the ridge surface formed in step S1, the Panax notoginseng seeds treated above are sown in the sowing holes, and then a layer of soil with a thickness of 1-2 cm is spread and then covered with a layer of hay to complete the sowing; S4. Watering management: Water once every 2-3 days before seedlings emerge, and once every 5-10 days after more than 50% of the seeds have emerged; S5. Supplementary fertilizer management: Supplementary fertilizer every 3-4 months after sowing.

[0007] In step S1, the method of performing land preparation and ridge making after applying base fertilizer is 1500-2000kg / hm 2 After applying the appropriate amount of base fertilizer, the land is tilled to a depth of 20-30cm, and then ridges are made according to the direction of the trees. For sloping land, ridges are made along the contour lines with a ridge width of 80-120cm and a ridge height of 30-40cm.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the base fertilizer is a mixture of quicklime, manure and ternary compound fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:3:2, and the ternary compound fertilizer is a 15-5-25 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

[0009] Preferably, the soaking disinfection method in step S2 is to soak the Panax notoginseng seeds in 1000 times 50% thiophanate solution for 10-15 minutes.

[0010] Preferably, the preliminary drying in step S2 is carried out at a temperature of 30-35° C. to a moisture content of ≤25%.

[0011] Preferably, the sowing holes in step S3 are 2-3 cm deep, 5-7 cm apart, and 1-2 seeds are sown in each sowing hole.

[0012] Preferably, during watering in step S4, a sprinkler head is used for spraying water to ensure that the soil is moist, and during the rainy season, a tarp is used to shelter from rain and drain water in time.

[0013] Preferably, in step S5, manure and triple compound fertilizer are used as supplementary fertilizers in a mass ratio of 3:1, and the amount of supplementary fertilizer each time is 1200-1500 kg / hm 2, and the ternary compound fertilizer is a 15-5-25 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

[0014] Preferably, during the sowing and planting period of Panax notoginseng, the canopy density and sunshade net under the forest are combined to control the light transmittance at 60%-70% in spring, 30%-40% in summer, and 50%-60% in winter.

[0015] The present invention provides a management method for promoting the emergence of seedlings planted under a Panax notoginseng forest, which has the following advantages over the prior art: The present invention sterilizes and dries the Panax notoginseng seeds and then soaks them in an ice water bath and a seed soaking agent at room temperature. Indolebutyric acid, gibberellin, decyl glucoside and salicylic acid are used as components of the seed soaking agent. Early rapid germination can be achieved during subsequent understory sowing and planting, and the germination rate is comprehensively improved. In addition, the growth efficiency of the Panax notoginseng is comprehensively improved in combination with subsequent watering and fertilizing, the seedling rate of the Panax notoginseng is guaranteed, and the economic benefit of understory sowing and planting is comprehensively improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of land preparation and ridge making under a Simiao pine forest in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of Panax notoginseng in planting area 1 on March 30, 2024 in Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of Panax notoginseng in planting area 2 on March 30, 2024 in Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of Panax notoginseng in planting area 3 on March 30, 2024 in Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of Panax notoginseng in planting area 4 on March 30, 2024 in Example 3 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of Panax notoginseng in planting area 5 in Example 3 of the present invention on March 30, 2024. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The Panax notoginseng seeds in the following embodiments are all three-year-old seeds purchased from the same batch at the Panax notoginseng International Trading Market in Wenshan, Yunnan; and the ternary compound fertilizer is Helitai nitro-sulfur-based nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 15-5-25 high-potassium compound fertilizer, purchased from Shandong Aolang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0019] Example 1 Panax notoginseng seed pretreatment: (1) After removing the peel of Panax notoginseng seeds, rinse them clean, soak them in 50% 1000 times thiophanate solution for disinfection for 10 minutes, then take them out and dry them at 30℃ until the moisture content is ≤25% for later use; (2) Prepare the seed soaking agent according to the following formula: clean water + indolebutyric acid 20 mg / L + gibberellin 80 mg / L + decyl glucoside 120 mg / L + salicylic acid 40 mg / L; (3) Place the dried seeds in a seed soaking agent and soak them in an ice water bath for 10 minutes, then return to room temperature and continue soaking for 5 minutes to obtain pretreated seeds A.

[0020] Example 2 Panax notoginseng seed pretreatment: (1) After removing the peel of Panax notoginseng seeds, rinse them clean, soak them in 50% 1000 times thiophanate solution for disinfection for 15 minutes, then take them out and dry them at 35℃ until the moisture content is ≤25% and set aside; (2) Prepare the seed soaking agent according to the following formula: clean water + indolebutyric acid 40 mg / L + gibberellin 120 mg / L + decyl glucoside 180 mg / L + salicylic acid 60 mg / L; (3) Place the dried seeds in a seed soaking agent and soak them in an ice water bath for 15 minutes, then return to room temperature and continue soaking for 10 minutes to obtain pretreated seeds B.

[0021] Comparative Example 1 Panax notoginseng seed pretreatment: (1) After removing the peel of Panax notoginseng seeds, rinse them clean, soak them in 50% 1000 times thiophanate solution for disinfection for 10 minutes, then take them out and dry them at 30℃ until the moisture content is ≤25% for later use; (2) Prepare the seed soaking agent according to the following formula: clean water + indolebutyric acid 20 mg / L + gibberellin 80 mg / L + salicylic acid 40 mg / L; (3) Place the dried seeds in a seed soaking agent and soak them in an ice water bath for 10 minutes, then return to room temperature and continue soaking for 5 minutes to obtain pretreated seeds C.

[0022] Comparative Example 2 Panax notoginseng seed pretreatment: (1) Remove the peel of Panax notoginseng seeds, rinse them, and then soak them in 50% 1000 times thiophanate solution for 10 minutes for disinfection and set aside; (2) Prepare the seed soaking agent according to the following formula: clean water + indolebutyric acid 20 mg / L + gibberellin 80 mg / L + decyl glucoside 120 mg / L + salicylic acid 40 mg / L; (3) Place the dried seeds in a seed soaking agent and soak them in an ice water bath for 10 min, then return to room temperature and continue soaking for 5 min to obtain pretreated seeds D.

[0023] Comparative Example 3 Panax notoginseng seed pretreatment: (1) After removing the peel of Panax notoginseng seeds, rinse them clean, soak them in 50% 1000 times thiophanate solution for disinfection for 10 minutes, then take them out and dry them at 30℃ until the moisture content is ≤25% for later use; (2) Prepare the seed soaking agent according to the following formula: clean water + indolebutyric acid 20 mg / L + gibberellin 80 mg / L + decyl glucoside 120 mg / L + salicylic acid 40 mg / L; (3) Soak the dried seeds in a seed soaking agent at room temperature for 15 minutes to obtain pretreated seeds E.

[0024] Example 3 The Simao pine forest in Nanping Town, Simao District, Pu'er City was selected as the experimental planting site for Panax notoginseng under the forest, and the planting site was divided into 5 planting areas, namely planting areas 1-5. The treatment methods for each planting area are as follows: Remove weeds and dead leaves in the forest, and then treat the forest at 1800kg / hm 2 Apply basal fertilizer (lime, manure, triple compound fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:3:2) and then prepare the land to a depth of 20-30cm. Then, build ridges according to the direction of the trees. For slopes, build ridges along the contour lines with a ridge width of 80-120cm and a ridge height of 30-40cm. Set up sunshade nets and rain cloths, and install water pipes and sprinkler heads under the sunshade nets. Then sow and manage according to the following methods: (1) Dig sowing holes with a depth of 2-3 cm and a spacing of 5-7 cm on the ridges of each planting area, and sow 1-2 seeds in each hole on January 20, 2023. Then spread a thin layer of soil on the seeds and cover them with a layer of hay to complete the sowing; (2) Water the plants every 2-3 days before seedlings emerge, and every 5-10 days after more than 50% of the seeds have emerged. Use a sprinkler to spray water to ensure that the soil is moist. Delay watering when it rains, and use tarpaulins to block rain and drain water in time during the rainy season. (3) In April, July and November 2023, supplementary fertilizer (manure and triple compound fertilizer in a mass ratio of 3:1) will be applied, and the amount of supplementary fertilizer each time is 1300kg / hm2. 2 .

[0025] (4) During the planting period of Panax notoginseng, the canopy density and sunshade nets under the forest should be combined to control the light transmittance at 60%-70% in spring, 30%-40% in summer, and 50%-60% in winter.

[0026] The seeds sown in each planting area are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Observe and record the emergence rate of each planting area at 30d, 60d, and 90d after sowing. The specific results are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2 The survival rate of Panax notoginseng seedlings after emergence in each planting area was recorded on July 15, 2023, September 15, 2023, and November 20, 2023. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3 On March 30, 2024, the growth status of Panax notoginseng in each planting area was tested. Ten Panax notoginseng plants were randomly selected from each planting area to test the growth plant height and diameter (taking the average value). The specific results are shown in Table 4 below: Table 4

[0027] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0028] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A management method for promoting the emergence of Panax notoginseng seedlings under forests, characterized in that: The management method comprises the following steps: S1. Planting forest treatment: select broad-leaved forest or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest as the planting forest for Panax notoginseng, remove weeds and dead leaves in the forest, apply base fertilizer to the forest, then prepare the land and make ridges, set up sunshade nets and rain cloths, and set water pipes and sprinkler heads under the sunshade nets; S2. Pretreatment of Panax notoginseng seeds: After removing the peel of Panax notoginseng seeds, rinse them, soak them for disinfection, and then preliminarily dry them. Then, soak them in an ice water bath with a seed soaking agent for 10-15 minutes, and then continue to soak them at room temperature for 5-10 minutes to obtain treated Panax notoginseng seeds; the formula of the seed soaking agent is: clean water + indolebutyric acid 20-40 mg / L + gibberellin 80-120 mg / L + decyl glucoside 120-180 mg / L + salicylic acid 40-60 mg / L; S3, Panax notoginseng sowing treatment: after digging sowing holes on the ridge surface formed in step S1, the Panax notoginseng seeds treated above are sown in the sowing holes, and then a layer of soil with a thickness of 1-2 cm is spread and then covered with a layer of hay to complete the sowing; S4. Watering management: Water once every 2-3 days before seedlings emerge, and once every 5-10 days after more than 50% of the seeds have emerged; S5. Supplementary fertilizer management: Supplementary fertilizer every 3-4 months after sowing.

2. A management method for promoting the emergence of Panax notoginseng seedlings under forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the method of performing land preparation and ridge making after applying base fertilizer is 1500-2000kg / hm 2 After applying the appropriate amount of base fertilizer, the land is tilled to a depth of 20-30cm, and then ridges are made according to the direction of the trees. For sloping land, ridges are made along the contour lines with a ridge width of 80-120cm and a ridge height of 30-40cm.

3. A management method for promoting the emergence of Panax notoginseng seedlings under forests according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the base fertilizer is a mixture of quicklime, manure and ternary compound fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:3:2, and the ternary compound fertilizer is a 15-5-25 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

4. A management method for promoting the emergence of Panax notoginseng understory planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soaking disinfection method in step S2 is to soak the Panax notoginseng seeds in 1000 times 50% thiophanate solution for 10-15 minutes.

5. A management method for promoting the emergence of Panax notoginseng understory plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preliminary drying in step S2 is performed at a temperature of 30-35° C. to a moisture content of ≤25%.

6. A management method for promoting the emergence of Panax notoginseng seedlings under forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing holes in step S3 are 2-3 cm deep, 5-7 cm apart, and 1-2 seeds are sown in each sowing hole.

7. A management method for promoting the emergence of Panax notoginseng seedlings under forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, a sprinkler head is used for watering to spray water to ensure that the soil is moist, and a tarp is used to block rain and drain water in time during the rainy season.

8. A management method for promoting the emergence of Panax notoginseng seedlings under forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, manure and triple compound fertilizer are used as supplementary fertilizers in a mass ratio of 3:1, and the amount of supplementary fertilizer each time is 1200-1500 kg / hm 2 , and the ternary compound fertilizer is a 15-5-25 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

9. A management method for promoting the emergence of Panax notoginseng seedlings under forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the sowing and planting period of Panax notoginseng, the canopy density and shade net under the forest are combined to control the light transmittance at 60%-70% in spring, 30%-40% in summer, and 50%-60% in winter.

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