A heavy machine tool chuck

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool chucks, and in particular, relates to a heavy-duty machine tool chuck, including a chuck assembly, a clamping assembly, a force-increasing assembly, and a limit assembly. The chuck assembly is used to clamp a workpiece, the clamping assembly is used to apply force to a claw in contact with the workpiece, the force-increasing assembly is used to drive the rotating shaft in the clamping assembly to rotate, and the limit assembly is used to lock the clamping assembly in a transmission cavity. In the present invention, the ball screw sleeve of the clamping assembly has basically no wear on the second thread of the arc plate during the process of applying force to the corresponding claw, and the fourth thread on the first ring sleeve in the clamping assembly has only a small friction with the first thread on the claw, so that components such as the lead screw and the claw are not easily worn, which effectively extends the replacement and maintenance cycle of the worn parts, extends their service life, and effectively reduces the maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool chucks, and in particular relates to a heavy-duty machine tool chuck. Background Art

[0002] Heavy-duty four-jaw single-action chuck is a fixture commonly used in mechanical processing and is widely used in machine tool processing. Its characteristic is that the four jaws can move independently to achieve the clamping and positioning of the workpiece. This chuck usually consists of a chuck body, jaws, a handle and other parts, wherein the chuck body is a casting, usually made of ductile iron or alloy steel. The jaws are the parts for clamping the workpiece, and there are four of them. Compared with the three-jaw chuck, it can provide a more stable clamping force, such as the published patent application number 201310715169.0.

[0003] The existing four-jaw chuck still has the following disadvantages during its use:

[0004] 1. The speed of clamping the workpiece is slow. Compared with the three-jaw chuck, the clamping speed of the four-jaw chuck is slower because the positions of the four jaws need to be adjusted one by one to adapt to the shape and size of the workpiece.

[0005] 2. The operation is complicated. The operation of the four-jaw chuck is relatively complicated and requires high operating skills and experience. Especially when clamping irregular-shaped workpieces, it takes more time and effort to adjust the position of the jaws.

[0006] 3. High maintenance cost. The structure of the four-jaw chuck is relatively complex and the maintenance cost is high. For example, parts such as the jaws and the lead screw are prone to wear and need to be regularly maintained and replaced to ensure the normal operation of the chuck. For example, the patent with the published application number 201911091853.X has designed a detection and compensation structure to solve the wear problem, but the relevant technology for reducing wear itself has not been disclosed.

[0007] 4. The tightening force requirement is high, and it is generally tightened manually using a long-arm wrench. However, in some special occasions, manual tightening is difficult and consumes a lot of physical energy.

[0008] 5. For heavy-duty chucks, the friction generated by the internal force-bearing surface during the tightening process is very large, so it is necessary to lubricate it regularly. Currently, the frequency of oiling lubrication is high and the operation is cumbersome.

[0009] The present invention designs a heavy-duty machine tool chuck to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0010] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a heavy-duty machine tool chuck to address the problems existing in the current machine tool chucks. Although the four jaws of the present invention are adjusted individually, the four jaws quickly contact the workpiece in an unobstructed state when clamping the workpiece and adapt to the shape and size of the workpiece. After the jaws contact the workpiece, only a small adjustment of the clamping assembly by the tool can be made to clamp the workpiece, and the clamping efficiency of the workpiece is high. The four jaws in the present invention can quickly contact the workpiece in an unobstructed state only after they are separated from the clamping assembly. After the jaws contact the workpiece, the clamping assembly is matched with the jaws and the jaws are forced through the clamping assembly. The operation is simple and convenient, and the position adjustment of the jaws can be completed in a short time without high operating skills and experience. The ball screw sleeve of the clamping assembly in the present invention has basically no wear on the second thread on the arc plate during the process of applying force to the corresponding claw, and the fourth thread on the first ring sleeve in the clamping assembly has only a small friction with the first thread on the claw, so that components such as the lead screw and the claw are not easy to wear, effectively extending the replacement and maintenance cycle of the worn parts, extending their service life, and effectively reducing maintenance costs. The present invention realizes the force on the claw by acting on the clamping assembly through the force-enhancing assembly. The force-enhancing assembly is small in length and flexible in use and is suitable for most occasions, and it is easy and labor-saving to apply force to the claw. The elastic bag in the lead screw and the rotating shaft in the clamping assembly of the present invention can automatically and effectively lubricate the contact between the upper truncated table and the top plate and the bottom plate, and the amount of lubricating oil required for lubrication is small, and there is no need for frequent oiling, and the lubrication efficiency is high.

[0011] The above purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0012] A heavy-duty machine tool chuck, used for clamping a workpiece for processing, comprises:

[0013] The chuck assembly is used for clamping a workpiece. The chuck assembly comprises a disc, and one end surface of the disc is provided with four clamping claws which are radially movable and distributed at 90 degree intervals in the circumferential direction.

[0014] Four clamping assemblies corresponding to the claws one by one are used to apply force to the claws in contact with the workpiece. The clamping assembly is arranged in the disc. The clamping assembly includes a bottom plate and a top plate connected by a connecting plate. A lead screw and a rotating shaft are rotatably arranged in the axial holes on the bottom plate and the top plate. The upper ends of the lead screw and the rotating shaft cooperate with the accommodating grooves on the cylindrical surface of the disc. The round tables on the lead screw and the rotating shaft cooperate with the limiting grooves on the bottom plate and the top plate. A lubrication structure for automatically lubricating the round table and the limiting groove is arranged on the lead screw and the rotating shaft. The cylindrical surface of a ring sleeve is provided with a fourth thread that cooperates with the first thread on the corresponding claw, the threaded connection on the lead screw is provided with a ball screw sleeve for axial movement, the outer side of the ball screw sleeve is provided with a third thread that cooperates with the second thread on the arc plate installed on the claw, two first gears installed on the lead screw and the rotating shaft are transmission connected and rotate in opposite directions, the lead screw and the rotating shaft are respectively connected to the corresponding first gear with a first vortex spring and a second vortex spring, and the lead screw and the rotating shaft are respectively provided with a second block and a third block that cooperate with the first block in the corresponding first gear.

[0015] The force amplifying assembly is used to drive the rotating shaft in the clamping assembly to rotate.

[0016] Four limiting assemblies corresponding to the clamping assemblies one by one are used to lock the clamping assemblies in the transmission cavity.

[0017] In one of the embodiments, two second gears are meshed between the two first gears in the clamping assembly, and the two second gears are disposed on the bottom plate.

[0018] In one of the embodiments, the bottom plate and the top plate are respectively inserted into two second slots and two first slots on the wall surfaces of the corresponding transmission cavity, and the two second slots are each provided with a first spring for pressing the upper ear of the bottom plate, and a threaded groove is provided on the wall surface of the second slot, and a pressure screw for pressing the first spring against the side ear is provided in the threaded groove, and a fixing block is provided on the side wall of the claw, and a square sleeve is fixed on the fixing block by bolts, and the square sleeve is connected to the arc plate through a connecting rod, and the claw slides in a slide groove on the end surface of the disc that is connected to the cylindrical surface of the disc, and a third slot that is connected to the transmission cavity and the slide groove and is convenient for the connecting rod and the arc plate to move radially along the disc is provided on the disc, and a yield groove is provided on the top plate to prevent it from interfering with the arc plate and the connecting rod, and four circumferentially evenly distributed mounting holes are provided on the surface of the disc, and a positioning hole is provided at the center of the disc.

[0019] In one of the embodiments, the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the bottom plate and the top plate by bolts, and a guide rod is connected between the bottom plate and the top plate by bolts, and the guide rod slides axially along the screw in a guide groove on the outer wall of the ball screw sleeve.

[0020] In one embodiment, the lubrication structure includes an elastic bag, which is located in a accommodating cavity in a screw or a rotating shaft, an exhaust port is provided on the wall of the accommodating cavity, the upper and lower ends of the accommodating cavity are connected with an oil channel, a main pipe connected with the elastic bag is provided in the oil channel, a vortex groove is provided on the upper end surface of the cone, a plurality of oil outlets are spirally distributed at the bottom of the vortex groove, a hose in contact with the top of the corresponding limit groove is provided at the oil outlet, the oil outlet is connected with the corresponding main pipe through a branch pipe, and a one-way oil nozzle is provided at the opening of the oil channel at the upper end of the screw or the rotating shaft.

[0021] In one of the embodiments, a rotary sealing assembly is provided between the screw or the truncated table on the rotating shaft and the corresponding limiting groove, and a first hexagonal head for cooperation with a wrench is provided at the upper end of the screw.

[0022] In one embodiment, the limit assembly includes a guide sleeve, which is arranged on the cylindrical surface of the disc. A limit rod is slid inside the guide sleeve around the axis of the disc and cooperates with a shift block on the top plate of the corresponding clamping assembly. A tension spring block is arranged at the tail end of the limit rod, and a second spring is connected between the tension spring block and the guide sleeve.

[0023] In one embodiment, the force-enhancing component includes a rocker arm, and the two ends of the rocker arm are respectively provided with an inner hexagonal sleeve and a second ring sleeve that cooperate with the second hexagonal head at the upper end of the rotating shaft, a wheel axle is rotatably arranged in the second ring sleeve, the upper end of the wheel axle is provided with a third hexagonal head that cooperates with the wrench, and the lower end of the wheel axle is provided with a third gear, the third gear cooperates with the arc-shaped rack on the cylindrical surface of the disc, and the arc-shaped rack is coaxial with the first thread on the corresponding claw.

[0024] In one of the embodiments, the clamping end of the clamping jaw is provided with a clamping assembly for clamping a special-shaped workpiece, and the clamping assembly includes a cylindrical block parallel to the axis of the disc, and the cylindrical block is rotatably set in a first rotating groove at the clamping end of the clamping jaw, and a first clamping plate parallel to its axis and cooperating with the special-shaped workpiece is provided on the cylindrical block, and a first baffle for limiting the cylindrical block is installed at the side end opening of the first rotating groove by bolts.

[0025] In one embodiment, the clamping assembly includes a ball, which is arranged in a second rotating groove at the clamping end of the claw, and a second clamping plate that cooperates with the workpiece is arranged on the ball. A second baffle plate that covers the side opening of the second rotating groove is installed by bolts, and a top block that limits the ball is arranged on the second baffle plate, and the end of the top block and the inner side of the second rotating groove together form a ball cavity that rotates with the ball.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. Although the four clamping jaws of the present invention are adjusted separately, the four clamping jaws can quickly contact the workpiece in an unobstructed state and adapt to the shape and size of the workpiece when clamping the workpiece. After the clamping jaws contact the workpiece, only a small adjustment of the clamping assembly by a tool is required to achieve force clamping on the workpiece, and the clamping efficiency of the workpiece is high.

[0028] 2. The four claws in the present invention can quickly contact the workpiece without obstruction only after they are separated from the clamping assembly. After the claws contact the workpiece, the clamping assembly is matched with the claws and force is applied to the claws through the clamping assembly. The operation is simple and convenient, and the position adjustment of the claws can be completed in a short time without high operating skills and experience.

[0029] 3. The ball screw sleeve of the clamping assembly in the present invention has basically no wear on the second thread on the arc plate during the process of applying force to the corresponding claw, and the fourth thread on the first ring sleeve in the clamping assembly has only a small friction with the first thread on the claw, so that components such as the screw and the claw are not easily worn, effectively extending the replacement and maintenance cycle of the worn parts, extending their service life, and effectively reducing maintenance costs.

[0030] 4. The present invention realizes the force on the clamping claw by acting on the force-enhancing component. The force-enhancing component is compact in length and flexible in use and is suitable for most occasions. It is easy and labor-saving to apply the force on the clamping claw.

[0031] 5. The elastic bag in the lubrication structure on the lead screw and the rotating shaft in the clamping assembly of the present invention can automatically and effectively lubricate the contact between the upper truncated table and the top plate and the bottom plate, and the amount of lubricating oil required for lubrication is small, and frequent oil filling is not required, and the lubrication efficiency is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention from two viewing angles;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the cooperation between the clamping assembly and the clamping claw in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 The clamping assembly and the connecting rod cooperate with the receiving groove and the third slot on the disc and their cross-sectional view;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the first gear on the lead screw and the rotating shaft in the clamping assembly of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the clamping assembly in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of two viewing angles of the disc in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping claw in the present invention from two perspectives;

[0039] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a compression assembly in the present invention;

[0040] Fig. 9 The bottom plate and top plate in the clamping assembly and their cross-sectional views;

[0041] Fig.10 It is a lubrication structure on the screw or shaft in the clamping assembly and its partial diagram;

[0042] Fig.11 These are two partial cross-sectional views of the lubrication structure on the screw or shaft;

[0043] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the ball screw sleeve and the first ring sleeve;

[0044] Fig.13 is a force amplification component and its cross-sectional view;

[0045] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination between the force-increasing component and the clamping component;

[0046] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the first rotating groove structure of the clamping end of the clamping claw in the present invention;

[0047] Fig.16 It is a clamping assembly installed in the first rotating groove of the clamping end of the clamping claw and its cross-sectional view;

[0048] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the second rotating groove structure of the clamping end of the clamping claw in the present invention;

[0049] Fig.18 It is a clamping assembly installed in the second rotating groove of the clamping end of the clamping claw and its cross-sectional view;

[0050] Fig.19 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the clamping jaws and the cylindrical workpiece without a clamping assembly structure;

[0051] Fig. 20 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the clamping assembly installed in the first rotating groove on the clamping claw and the first special-shaped workpiece;

[0052] Fig.21 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the clamping assembly installed in the second rotating groove on the clamping claw and the second special-shaped workpiece;

[0053] Fig. 22 It is a schematic diagram of three motion states of the lead screw, the rotating shaft, the two first gears, the ball screw sleeve and the first ring sleeve in the clamping assembly and the arc plate and the claws in the chuck assembly;

[0054] Name of the label in the figure:

[0055] 100, chuck assembly; 101, disc; 102, mounting hole; 103, transmission cavity; 104, first slot; 105, second slot; 106, threaded groove; 107, receiving groove; 108, slide groove; 109, third slot; 110, positioning hole; 111, claw; 112, first thread; 113, first rotating groove; 114, cylindrical block; 115, first clamping plate; 116, first baffle; 117, ball; 118, second clamping plate; 119, top block; 120, second baffle; 121, fixed block; 122, square sleeve; 123, connecting rod; 124, arc plate; 125, second thread; 126, arc rack; 127, clamping assembly; 128, second rotating groove;

[0056] 200, clamping assembly; 201, bottom plate; 202, shaft hole; 203, limit groove; 204, side ear; 205, top plate; 206, clearance groove; 207, shift block; 208, lead screw; 209, rotating shaft; 210, first hexagonal head; 211, round table; 212, vortex groove; 213, oil outlet; 214, hose; 215, oil channel; 216, accommodating chamber; 217, exhaust port; 218, rotary seal assembly; 219, main pipe; 220, elastic bag; 221, branch pipe ; 222, one-way oil nozzle; 223, second hexagonal head; 224, connecting plate; 225, guide rod; 226, ball screw sleeve; 227, guide groove; 228, third thread; 229, first ring sleeve; 230, fourth thread; 231, first gear; 232, first clamping block; 233, second clamping block; 234, third clamping block; 235, first vortex spring; 236, second vortex spring; 237, second gear; 238, first spring; 239, pressure screw; 240, lubrication structure;

[0057] 300, limit assembly; 301, guide sleeve; 302, limit rod; 303, tension spring block; 304, second spring;

[0058] 400, force amplification component; 401, swing rod; 402, hexagon socket; 403, second ring; 404, axle; 405, third hexagon head; 406, third gear;

[0059] 501. Workpiece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0061] The serial numbers assigned to the components herein, such as "first", "second", etc., are only used to distinguish the objects described and do not have any order or technical meaning. The "connection" and "coupling" mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, include direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0062] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0063] like Figure 1-21 As shown, a heavy-duty machine tool chuck is used to clamp a workpiece 501 for processing, comprising:

[0064] The chuck assembly 100 is used to clamp the workpiece 501. The chuck assembly 100 includes a disc 101. One end surface of the disc 101 is provided with four claws 111 which are distributed at 90 degree intervals in the circumferential direction and move radially.

[0065] Four clamping assemblies 200 corresponding to the claws 111 are used to apply force to the claws 111 in contact with the workpiece 501. The clamping assembly 200 is arranged in the disc 101. The clamping assembly 200 includes a bottom plate 201 and a top plate 205 connected by a connecting plate 224. A lead screw 208 and a rotating shaft 209 are rotatably arranged in the axial holes 202 on the bottom plate 201 and the top plate 205, and parallel to each other. The upper ends of the lead screw 208 and the rotating shaft 209 cooperate with the accommodating groove 107 on the cylindrical surface of the disc 101. The round table 211 on the lead screw 208 and the rotating shaft 209 cooperates with the limiting groove 203 on the bottom plate 201 and the top plate 205. The lead screw 208 and the rotating shaft 209 are provided with a lubrication structure 240 for automatically lubricating the round table 211 and the limiting groove 203. The cylindrical surface of the first ring sleeve 229 on the rotating shaft 209 is provided with a fourth thread 230 that cooperates with the first thread 112 on the corresponding claw 111, and the ball screw sleeve 226 for axial movement is threadedly connected on the lead screw 208. The outer side of the ball screw sleeve 226 is provided with a third thread 228 that cooperates with the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124 installed on the claw 111. The two first gears 231 installed on the lead screw 208 and the rotating shaft 209 are transmission connected and rotate in opposite directions. The lead screw 208 and the rotating shaft 209 are respectively connected to the corresponding first gear 231 with a first vortex spring 235 and a second vortex spring 236, and the lead screw 208 and the rotating shaft 209 are respectively provided with a second block 233 and a third block 234 that cooperate with the first block 232 in the corresponding first gear 231.

[0066] The force-increasing assembly 400 is used to drive the rotating shaft 209 in the clamping assembly 200 to rotate.

[0067] Four limiting assemblies 300 corresponding to the clamping assemblies 200 are used to lock the clamping assemblies 200 in the transmission cavity 103 .

[0068] In a further embodiment, Figure 2 , 4 As shown in FIG. 22 , two second gears 237 are meshed between the two first gears 231 in the clamping assembly 200 , and the two second gears 237 are disposed on the base plate 201 .

[0069] In a further embodiment, Figure 2 , 3As shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the bottom plate 201 and the top plate 205 are respectively inserted into the two second slots 105 and the two first slots 104 on the wall of the corresponding transmission cavity 103, and the two second slots 105 are each provided with a first spring 238 for pressing the side ear 204 on the bottom plate 201, and the wall of the second slot 105 is provided with a threaded groove 106, and the threaded groove 106 is provided with a pressure screw 239 for pressing the first spring 238 to the side ear 204, and the side wall of the claw 111 is provided with a fixing block 121, and the fixing block 121 is fixed with a square sleeve 122 by bolts. The square sleeve 122 is connected to the arc plate 124 through a connecting rod 123. The claw 111 slides in the slide groove 108 on the end face of the disc 101 and is connected to the cylindrical surface of the disc 101. The disc 101 is provided with a third slot 109 which is connected to the transmission cavity 103 and the slide groove 108 and is convenient for the connecting rod 123 and the arc plate 124 to move radially along the disc 101. The top plate 205 is provided with a clearance groove 206 so that it does not interfere with the arc plate 124 and the connecting rod 123. Four circumferentially evenly distributed mounting holes 102 are provided on the surface of the disc 101, and a positioning hole 110 is provided at the center of the disc 101.

[0070] In a further embodiment, Figure 2 , 8 As shown in FIG. 12 , the connecting plate 224 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 201 and the top plate 205 by bolts, and a guide rod 225 is connected between the bottom plate 201 and the top plate 205 by bolts. The guide rod 225 slides axially along the lead screw 208 in the guide groove 227 on the outer wall of the ball screw sleeve 226 .

[0071] In a further embodiment, Figure 2 , 10 As shown in Figure 11, the lubrication structure 240 includes an elastic bag 220, and the elastic bag 220 is located in the accommodating cavity 216 in the screw 208 or the rotating shaft 209. An exhaust port 217 is provided on the wall of the accommodating cavity 216. The upper and lower ends of the accommodating cavity 216 are connected with an oil passage 215. A main pipe 219 connected with the elastic bag 220 is provided in the oil passage 215. A vortex groove 212 is provided on the upper end surface of the frustum 211. A plurality of oil outlets 213 are spirally distributed at the bottom of the vortex groove 212. A hose 214 in contact with the top of the corresponding limiting groove 203 is provided at the oil outlet 213. The oil outlet 213 is connected with the corresponding main pipe 219 through a branch pipe 221. A one-way oil nozzle 222 is provided at the opening of the upper end oil passage 215 of the screw 208 or the rotating shaft 209.

[0072] In a further embodiment, Figure 2 , 8As shown in Figures 9, 10 and 11, a rotary sealing assembly 218 is provided between the truncated table 211 on the lead screw 208 or the rotating shaft 209 and the corresponding limiting groove 203, and a first hexagonal head 210 which cooperates with a wrench is provided at the upper end of the lead screw 208.

[0073] In a further embodiment, Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the limit assembly 300 includes a guide sleeve 301, and the guide sleeve 301 is arranged on the cylindrical surface of the disc 101. A limit rod 302 is slid around the axis of the disc 101 in the guide sleeve 301 and cooperates with the shift block 207 on the top plate 205 in the corresponding clamping assembly 200. A tension spring block 303 is arranged at the tail end of the limit rod 302, and a second spring 304 is connected between the tension spring block 303 and the guide sleeve 301.

[0074] In a further embodiment, Fig.13 , 14 As shown, the force-enhancing component 400 includes a rocker rod 401, and the two ends of the rocker rod 401 are respectively provided with an inner hexagonal sleeve 402 and a second ring sleeve 403 that cooperate with the second hexagonal head 223 at the upper end of the rotating shaft 209, and a wheel shaft 404 is rotatably arranged in the second ring sleeve 403, and the upper end of the wheel shaft 404 is provided with a third hexagonal head 405 that cooperates with a wrench, and the lower end of the wheel shaft 404 is provided with a third gear 406, and the third gear 406 cooperates with the arc-shaped rack 126 on the cylindrical surface of the disk 101, and the arc-shaped rack 126 is coaxial with the first thread 112 on the corresponding claw 111.

[0075] In a further embodiment, Fig.15 , 16 As shown in Figure 20, the clamping end of the clamping claw 111 is provided with a clamping assembly 127 for clamping the special-shaped workpiece 501, and the clamping assembly 127 includes a cylindrical block 114 parallel to the axis of the disk 101, and the cylindrical block 114 is rotatably set in a first rotating groove 113 at the clamping end of the clamping claw 111, and a first clamping plate 115 parallel to its axis and cooperating with the special-shaped workpiece 501 is provided on the cylindrical block 114, and a first baffle 116 for limiting the cylindrical block 114 is installed at the side end opening of the first rotating groove 113 by bolts.

[0076] In a further embodiment, Fig.17 , 18As shown in Figures 21, the clamping assembly 127 includes a sphere 117, and the sphere 117 is arranged in a second rotation groove 128 at the clamping end of the claw 111. The sphere 117 is provided with a second clamping plate 118 that cooperates with the workpiece 501. A second baffle 120 for covering the side opening of the second rotation groove 128 is installed by bolts. The second baffle 120 is provided with a top block 119 for limiting the sphere 117. The end of the top block 119 and the inner side of the second rotation groove 128 together form a ball cavity that rotates with the sphere 117.

[0077] Although the four clamping jaws 111 of the present invention are adjusted separately, the four clamping jaws 111 can quickly contact the workpiece 501 in an unobstructed state and adapt to the shape and size of the workpiece 501 when clamping the workpiece 501. After the clamping jaws 111 contact the workpiece 501, only a small adjustment of the clamping assembly 200 by a tool can be performed to clamp the workpiece 501, and the clamping efficiency of the workpiece 501 is high. The four clamping jaws 111 in the present invention can quickly contact the workpiece 501 in an unobstructed state only after they are separated from the clamping assembly 200. After the clamping jaws 111 contact the workpiece 501, the clamping assembly 200 is matched with the clamping jaws 111 and the clamping jaws 111 are forced through the clamping assembly 200. The operation is simple and convenient, and the position adjustment of the clamping jaws 111 can be completed in a short time without high operating skills and experience. In the present invention, the ball screw sleeve 226 of the clamping assembly 200 has substantially no wear on the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124 during the process of applying force to the corresponding claw 111, and the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 in the clamping assembly 200 has only a small friction with the first thread 112 on the claw 111, so that the lead screw 208 and the claw 111 and other components are not easily worn, effectively extending the replacement and maintenance cycle of the worn parts, extending their service life, and effectively reducing maintenance costs. The present invention realizes the application of force to the claw 111 by acting on the clamping assembly 200 with the force-increasing assembly 400, which is compact in length and flexible in use and suitable for most occasions, and is relatively easy and labor-saving to apply force to the claw 111. The elastic bag 220 in the lead screw 208 and the rotating shaft 209 in the clamping assembly 200 of the present invention can automatically and effectively lubricate the contact points between the upper table 211 and the top plate 205 and the bottom plate 201, and the amount of lubricating oil required for lubrication is small, and frequent oil filling is not required, and the lubrication efficiency is high.

[0078] The installation process of the present invention is as follows:

[0079] The first thread 112 on the claw 111 in the chuck assembly 100 of the present invention is in the same state as the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124, that is, the first thread 112 and the second thread 125 have the same thread rotation direction and the same pitch, and the normal or tangent line of any point at the same height is parallel to each other. The third thread 228 on the outer side of the ball screw sleeve 226 in the clamping assembly 200 is in the same state as the fourth thread 230 on the outer side of the first ring sleeve 229, that is, the third thread 228 and the fourth thread 230 have the same thread rotation direction and the same pitch, and the normal or tangent line of any point at the same height is parallel to each other.

[0080] The limiting rod 302 in each limiting assembly 300 is pushed into the corresponding guide sleeve 301 to further stretch the first spring 238 .

[0081] First, four clamping components 200 are respectively inserted into the four transmission chambers 103 from the end surface of the disc 101, and the top plate 205 and the bottom plate 201 are respectively inserted into the first slot 104 and the second slot 105 of the wall of the transmission chamber 103, and the side ears 204 at both ends of the bottom plate 201 enter the second slot 105. When the clearance groove 206 on the top plate 205 of the clamping component 200 enters the transmission chamber 103 and faces the third slot 109 above, the claw 111 is inserted into the slide groove 108 from the slide groove 108 on the cylindrical surface of the disc 101. At the same time, the arc plate 124 connected to the claw 111 through the square sleeve 122 and the connecting rod 123 is inserted into the transmission chamber 103 through the third slot 109 on the cylindrical surface of the disc 101 and the clearance groove 206 on the top plate 205. In the cavity 103, the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124 is radially opposite to the third thread 228 on the outside of the ball screw sleeve 226. Then, the first springs 238 are respectively installed in the two second slots 105. Then, the locking screws are respectively screwed into the threaded grooves 106 on the wall of the second slots 105, so that the locking screws further compress the corresponding first springs 238. The first spring 238 drives the entire clamping assembly 200 to reach the limit depth of the transmission cavity 103 through the side ear 204, so that the third thread 228 on the ball screw sleeve 226 on the screw 208 is against the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124, and the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 is against the first thread 112 on the claw 111.

[0082] If the third thread 228 on the ball screw sleeve 226 is not meshed with the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124, and the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 is not meshed with the first thread 112 on the claw 111, then the screw 208 is rotated clockwise by the wrench in conjunction with the first hexagonal head 210 on the screw 208, or the shaft 209 is rotated counterclockwise by the wrench in conjunction with the second hexagonal head 223 on the shaft 209. If the screw 208 is rotated clockwise, the screw The lead screw 208 drives the ball screw sleeve 226 to move vertically by a small amplitude, so that the third thread 228 on the ball screw sleeve 226 is exactly consistent with the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124. At the same time, the lead screw 208 drives the corresponding first gear 231 to rotate synchronously through the second clamping block 233 and the first clamping block 232. The first gear 231 drives the first gear 231 on the rotating shaft 209 to rotate counterclockwise through the two second gears 237. The rotating shaft 209 is driven to rotate counterclockwise by the second vortex spring 236, and the rotating shaft 209 drives the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 to rotate a small amplitude and just coincide with the first thread 112 on the claw 111. The clamping assembly 200 continues to move into the transmission chamber 103 to the limit under the action of the two first springs 238, and the connecting plate 224 enters the transmission chamber 103 and is flush with the end of the disc 101. The third thread 228 on the outer side of the ball screw sleeve 226 meshes with the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124, and the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 meshes with the first thread 112 on the claw 111. Then, the force on the limiting rod 302 in the limiting assembly 300 is removed. The limiting rod 302 slides back and resets under the action of the corresponding first spring 238 and interacts with the shift block 207 on the top plate 205 to limit the top plate 205, thereby limiting the clamping assembly 200. At this point, the installation and assembly of the present invention is completed.

[0083] The process of clamping the workpiece 501 of the present invention is as follows:

[0084] like Fig.19 , 20As shown in , 21, based on the assembled present invention, the clamping claw 111 is selected according to the shape of the clamped workpiece 501. If it is a regular cylinder, cuboid or cube, the clamping claw 111 without any structure at the clamping end is selected. If the workpiece 501 is a multi-prism formed by stretching an irregular polygon along the axis of the disk 101, then the clamping claw 111 with a cylindrical block 114 with a first clamping plate 115 installed at the clamping end is selected. Since the cylindrical block 114 can rotate along an axis parallel to the axis of the disk 101, the first clamping plate 115 fixedly connected to the cylindrical block 114 can effectively clamp the multi-prism with an irregular polygonal cross section. When clamping, the first clamping plates 115 at the clamping ends of the four clamping claws 111 will make corresponding adaptive changes according to one side of the multi-prism it clamps, so that the multi-prism with an irregular polygonal cross section can be effectively clamped. If the workpiece 501 is a three-dimensional irregular workpiece 501, then the clamping end is selected to install the claw 111 with a sphere 117 with a second clamping plate 118. Since the sphere 117 can rotate arbitrarily, the second clamping plate fixedly connected to the sphere 117 can effectively clamp the workpiece 501 with any irregular polygonal cross-section. When clamping, the second clamping plate 118 at the clamping end of the four claws 111 will make corresponding adaptive changes according to one side of the workpiece 501 it clamps, so that any workpiece 501 with an irregular polygonal cross-section can be effectively clamped.

[0085] After the claw 111 is selected, the limit rods 302 of all the limit assemblies 300 are pushed into the corresponding guide sleeves 301 and the limit on the shift block 207 is released. The shift block 207 is shifted to make the clamping assembly 200 move a small amplitude out of the transmission chamber 103, so that the third thread 228 on the ball screw sleeve 226 in the clamping assembly 200 is disengaged from the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124 in the chuck assembly 100, and the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 in the clamping assembly 200 is disengaged from the first thread 112 on the claw 111, and all the first springs 238 are further compressed to store energy.

[0086] Then, the radial movement of the chuck assembly 100 along the disc 101 is not hindered, and the four claws 111 are pushed to move radially outward first to ensure that the workpiece 501 can enter between the four claws 111. When the distance between the four claws 111 is large enough, the workpiece 501 is placed between the four claws 111, and then the four claws 111 are pushed to move radially toward the workpiece 501 respectively and finally contact with the workpiece 501. Then, the shift block 207 is released, and each clamping assembly 200 is reset under the action of the corresponding two first springs 238. If the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 in the clamping assembly 200 does not coincide with the first thread 112 on the claw 111 in the chuck assembly 100, If the third thread 228 on the ball screw sleeve 226 and the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124 are not exactly opposite, the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 in the clamping assembly 200 and the first thread 112 on the claw 111 in the chuck assembly 100 are radially opposed, and the third thread 228 on the ball screw sleeve 226 and the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124 are radially opposed. At this time, the screw 208 is rotated clockwise by the wrench and the first hexagonal head 210 on the screw 208, or the shaft 209 is rotated counterclockwise by the wrench and the second hexagonal head 223 on the shaft 209. If the screw 208 is rotated clockwise, the screw 208 drives the ball screw sleeve 226 to move vertically. A small amplitude makes the third thread 228 on the ball screw sleeve 226 coincide with the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124. At the same time, the lead screw 208 drives the corresponding first gear 231 to rotate synchronously through the second clamping block 233 and the first clamping block 232. The first gear 231 drives the first gear 231 on the rotating shaft 209 to rotate counterclockwise through the two second gears 237. The first gear 231 on the rotating shaft 209 drives the rotating shaft 209 to rotate counterclockwise through the second vortex spring 236. The rotating shaft 209 drives the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 to rotate a small amplitude and coincide with the first thread 112 on the claw 111. The clamping assembly 200 is pressed between the two first springs. Under the action of 238, it continues to move into the transmission chamber 103 to the limit, the connecting plate 224 enters the transmission chamber 103 and is flush with the end of the disc 101, the third thread 228 on the outer side of the ball screw sleeve 226 engages with the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124, and the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 engages with the first thread 112 on the claw 111. Then, the force on the limit rod 302 in the limit assembly 300 is removed, and the limit rod 302 slides back and resets under the action of the corresponding first spring 238 and interacts with the shift block 207 on the top plate 205 to limit the top plate 205, and then limits the clamping assembly 200. At this time, the arc rack 126 is coaxial with the screw 208.The first vortex spring 235 and the second vortex spring 236 in the clamping assembly 200 are in a compressed state, and the second block 233 on the screw rod and the third block 234 on the rotating shaft 209 are circumferentially opposed to the first block 232 in the corresponding first gear 231 under the action of the first vortex spring 235 and the second vortex spring 236 respectively.

[0087] Then, if Fig. 22 As shown in (a), (b) and (c), firstly, the lead screw 208 is rotated through the force-enhancing component 400, the hexagon socket 402 is mounted on the first hexagonal head 210 at the upper end of the lead screw, and the third gear 406 in the force-enhancing component 400 is meshed with the arc-shaped rack 126. The wheel axle 404 is rotated by the hexagonal socket wrench in cooperation with the third hexagonal head 405 on the wheel axle 404. The wheel axle 404 drives the third gear 406 to rotate. The third gear 406 rotates while revolving around the axis of the lead screw 208 under the action of the arc-shaped rack 126. The third gear 406 drives the lead screw 208 to rotate clockwise through the rocker rod 401. The force-enhancing component 400 plays a role of reducing speed and increasing torque. The lead screw 208 drives the corresponding first gear 231 to rotate synchronously through the corresponding second block 233 and the first block 232 in the corresponding first gear 231, and the lead screw 208 drives the ball screw sleeve 226 to move vertically downward. Because the force amplification component 400 drives the lead screw 208 to rotate very slowly, the ball screw sleeve 226 drives the claw 111 to move radially toward the workpiece 501 through the third thread 228 thereon and the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124 and forms a weaker upper force on the workpiece 501. The first gear 231 on the lead screw drives the first gear 231 on the rotating shaft 209 to rotate counterclockwise through the two second gears 237. The first gear 231 on the rotating shaft 209 drives the rotating shaft 209 to rotate counterclockwise synchronously through the second vortex spring 236, and the rotating shaft 209 drives the first ring sleeve 229 to rotate synchronously.

[0088] like Fig. 22 As shown in (b) and (c), when the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 forms a downward pressure on the first thread 112 on the claw 111, the first ring sleeve 229 and the rotating shaft 209 stop rotating, and the first gear 231 on the rotating shaft 209 that continues to rotate under the drive of the force amplification component 400 further compresses the second vortex spring 236, and the first block 232 in the first gear 231 on the rotating shaft 209 circumferentially disengages from the third block 234 on the rotating shaft 209, and the first block 232 of the first gear 231 on the rotating shaft 209 disengages from the third block 234 on the rotating shaft 209, and the second vortex spring 236 is further compressed to store energy.

[0089] The rotating shaft 209, under the action of the second vortex spring 236, applies a weak force to the claw 111 through the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 and the first thread 112 on the claw 111. When the distance between the third clamping block 234 and the corresponding first clamping block 232 reaches the requirement, the force-increasing component 400 stops rotating the lead screw 208, and the rotating shaft 209 is rotated counterclockwise through the cooperation of the wrench and the second hexagonal head 223 on the upper end of the rotating shaft 209. The rotating shaft 209 drives the third clamping block 234 and the first ring sleeve 229 thereon to rotate synchronously, and the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 drives the claw 111 to apply force to tighten the workpiece 501 through the first thread 112. The second vortex spring 236 releases energy, and the third clamping block 234 approaches the corresponding first clamping block 232 and finally meets the first clamping block 232. At the same time, the first gear 231 on the rotating shaft 209 does not rotate, and the first gear 232 on the lead screw 208 31 also does not rotate. After the third clamping block 234 on the rotating shaft 209 meets the corresponding first clamping block 232, as the rotating shaft 209 continues to rotate, the third clamping block 234 drives the first gear 231 on the rotating shaft 209 to rotate through the corresponding first clamping block 232, and the first gear 231 on the rotating shaft 209 drives the first gear 231 on the lead screw 208 to rotate clockwise through the two second gears 237. Because the claw 111 is in a tightened and immobile state, the lead screw 208 does not rotate, and the first gear 231 on the lead screw 208 will further compress the first vortex spring 235. The first clamping block 232 in the first gear 231 on the lead screw 208 is circumferentially separated from the second clamping block 233 on the lead screw 208 by a certain distance. The first vortex spring 235 passes through the lead screw 208 and the ball screw sleeve 226 so that the third thread 228 on the ball screw sleeve 226 is pressed downward on the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124 with less force.

[0090] After the rotating shaft 209 drives the first ring sleeve 229 to tighten the claw 111 to meet the requirements, the wrench can be removed, and the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 interacts with the first thread 112 on the claw 111 to apply force to the claw 111 and form a tightened state on the workpiece 501.

[0091] During the whole process, the friction between the fourth thread 230 on the first ring sleeve 229 and the first thread 112 on the claw 111 is relatively small, and there is no friction caused by relative movement between the third thread 228 on the ball screw sleeve 226 and the second thread 125 on the arc plate 124, thereby achieving the purpose of effectively protecting the screw 208 and the claw 111.

Claims

1. A heavy-duty machine tool chuck, used for clamping workpieces for processing, characterized in that: include: A chuck assembly, used for clamping a workpiece, the chuck assembly comprising a disc, one end surface of which is provided with four claws arranged at intervals of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction for radial movement; Four clamping assemblies corresponding to the claws one by one are used to apply force to the claws in contact with the workpiece. The clamping assembly is arranged in the disc. The clamping assembly includes a bottom plate and a top plate connected by a connecting plate. A lead screw and a rotating shaft are rotatably arranged in the axial holes on the bottom plate and the top plate. The upper ends of the lead screw and the rotating shaft cooperate with the accommodating grooves on the cylindrical surface of the disc. The round tables on the lead screw and the rotating shaft cooperate with the limiting grooves on the bottom plate and the top plate. A lubrication structure for automatically lubricating the round table and the limiting groove is arranged on the lead screw and the rotating shaft. A cylindrical surface of a ring sleeve is provided with a fourth thread matched with a first thread on a corresponding claw, a ball screw sleeve for axial movement is threadedly connected on the lead screw, a third thread matched with a second thread installed on an arc plate of the claw is provided on the outer side of the ball screw sleeve, two first gears installed on the lead screw and the rotating shaft are transmission-connected and rotate in opposite directions, a first vortex spring and a second vortex spring are connected between the lead screw and the rotating shaft and the corresponding first gear respectively, and a second clamping block and a third clamping block matched with a first clamping block in the corresponding first gear are provided on the lead screw and the rotating shaft respectively; A force-increasing assembly, used to drive the rotating shaft in the clamping assembly to rotate; Four limiting assemblies corresponding to the clamping assemblies one by one are used to lock the clamping assemblies in the transmission cavity.

2. A heavy-duty machine tool chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two second gears are meshed between the two first gears in the clamping assembly, and the two second gears are arranged on the bottom plate.

3. A heavy-duty machine tool chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate and the top plate are respectively inserted into two second slots and two first slots on the wall surfaces of the corresponding transmission cavity, and the two second slots are each provided with a first spring for pressing the side ear on the bottom plate, and a threaded groove is provided on the wall surface of the second slot, and a pressure screw for pressing the first spring against the side ear is provided in the threaded groove, and a fixing block is provided on the side wall of the clamping claw, and a square sleeve is fixed on the fixing block by bolts, and the square sleeve is connected to the arc plate through a connecting rod, and the clamping claw slides in a slide groove on the end surface of the disc connected to the cylindrical surface of the disc, and a third slot is provided on the disc, which is connected to the transmission cavity and the slide groove and is convenient for the connecting rod and the arc plate to move radially along the disc, and a yield groove is provided on the top plate to prevent it from interfering with the arc plate and the connecting rod, and four circumferentially evenly distributed mounting holes are provided on the surface of the disc, and a positioning hole is provided at the center of the disc.

4. A heavy-duty machine tool chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting plate is fixedly connected to the bottom plate and the top plate by bolts, and a guide rod is connected between the bottom plate and the top plate by bolts. The guide rod slides in the guide groove on the outer wall of the ball screw sleeve along the axial direction of the lead screw.

5. A heavy-duty machine tool chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lubrication structure includes an elastic bag, which is located in a accommodating cavity in a screw or a rotating shaft. An exhaust port is provided on the wall surface of the accommodating cavity. The upper and lower ends of the accommodating cavity are connected with an oil channel. A main pipe connected with the elastic bag is provided in the oil channel. A vortex groove is provided on the upper end surface of the truncated table. A plurality of oil outlets are spirally distributed at the bottom of the vortex groove. A hose in contact with the top of the corresponding limit groove is provided at the oil outlet. The oil outlet is connected with the corresponding main pipe through a branch pipe. A one-way oil nozzle is provided at the opening of the oil channel at the upper end of the screw or the rotating shaft.

6. A heavy-duty machine tool chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotary sealing assembly is provided between the round table on the lead screw or the rotating shaft and the corresponding limiting groove, and a first hexagonal head which cooperates with a wrench is provided at the upper end of the lead screw.

7. A heavy-duty machine tool chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting assembly includes a guide sleeve, which is arranged on the cylindrical surface of the disc. A limiting rod is slid inside the guide sleeve around the axis of the disc and cooperates with a shift block on the top plate of the corresponding clamping assembly. A tension spring block is arranged at the tail end of the limiting rod, and a second spring is connected between the tension spring block and the guide sleeve.

8. A heavy-duty machine tool chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The force-enhancing component includes a swing rod, and both ends of the swing rod are respectively provided with an inner hexagonal sleeve and a second ring sleeve that cooperate with the second hexagonal head on the upper end of the rotating shaft. A wheel axle is rotatably arranged in the second ring sleeve, and the upper end of the wheel axle is provided with a third hexagonal head that cooperates with a wrench. The lower end of the wheel axle is provided with a third gear, and the third gear cooperates with an arc-shaped rack on the cylindrical surface of the disc, and the arc-shaped rack is coaxial with the first thread on the corresponding claw.

9. A heavy-duty machine tool chuck according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping end of the clamping jaw is provided with a clamping assembly for clamping special-shaped workpieces, and the clamping assembly includes a cylindrical block parallel to the axis of the disc, and the cylindrical block is rotatably set in a first rotating groove at the clamping end of the clamping jaw. The cylindrical block is provided with a first clamping plate parallel to its axis and cooperating with the special-shaped workpiece, and a first baffle for limiting the cylindrical block is installed at the side end opening of the first rotating groove by bolts.

10. A heavy-duty machine tool chuck according to claim 9, characterized in that: The clamping assembly includes a ball, which is arranged in a second rotating groove at the clamping end of the claw, and a second clamping plate that cooperates with the workpiece is arranged on the ball. A second baffle plate that covers the second rotating groove is installed at the side end opening by bolts, and a top block that limits the ball is arranged on the second baffle plate, and the end of the top block and the inner side of the second rotating groove together form a ball cavity that rotates with the ball.

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