Large-drift segmented and striped filling mining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-drift segmented and striped filling mining method, and relates to the technical field of mining, the method comprises the steps of accurate mining cutting, one-step drilling and blasting, primary ore removal, reinforcement, two-step drilling and blasting, secondary ore removal and filling, the accurate mining cutting comprises the steps of dividing an ore body into a plurality of strips along the trend of the ore body, and tunneling a first drift roadway at the bottom of each strip; the one-step drilling and blasting comprises the following steps: upwards forming a plurality of medium-length holes in the first drift roadway, and loading explosives for blasting to form a second drift roadway; the primary ore removal step comprises the following steps: transporting the exploded ore to the ground; the reinforcing method comprises the steps that hole forming and grouting are conducted on the top of the second drift roadway, and a pre-reinforcing area is formed; in the second drilling and blasting step, a plurality of medium-length holes are upwards formed in the second drift roadway, and explosives are loaded into the medium-length holes for blasting; the secondary ore removal step comprises the following steps: transporting the exploded ore to the ground; the filling step is that filling operation is carried out on a stope after mining. The mining efficiency can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to a large-access segmented and striped filling mining method. Background Art

[0002] An ore body refers to a geological body that contains a sufficient amount of ore and has mining value. Mining refers to the extraction of ore from a block (or mining area). When conducting mining operations, the mining site is generally arranged first, a series of tunnels are excavated, such as ventilation and pedestrian tunnels, and the mining site is arranged at the bottom of the ore body. The roof of the mining site is the bottom of the ore body. After that, the mining site is cemented. After the cement false bottom hardens, upward mining can be carried out. In related technologies, when mining upward, the operators enter the mining site space, drill blast holes on the roof, and then charge and blast in the blast holes. After the blasting is completed, the staff enters the mining site space to pry the slag and remove the danger, and use columns or anchors to support the roof. After mining and transporting the fallen ore, the operators enter the mining site space again, drill blast holes, blast and support the new roof, and the cycle continues until the mining site is underway. In the prior art, it is common to use the access method to recover inclined medium-thick ore bodies. In order to ensure production safety and reduce the loss and dilution rate, most metal mines prefer the upward horizontal layering access mining method, especially in precious metal mines. However, the cross-sectional dimensions used in the upward horizontal layering access mining process are mostly small-section excavation, which limits the production capacity of the mine. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a large-access segmented and striped filling mining method, which can effectively improve mining efficiency.

[0004] According to the first aspect of the present invention, a large-access segmented and strip-filling mining method includes: accurate cutting, one-step rock drilling and blasting, one-time mining, reinforcement, two-step rock drilling and blasting, secondary mining, and filling. The accurate cutting step is: dividing the ore body into multiple mining areas along the direction of the ore body, leaving top pillars between the adjacent mining areas in the vertical direction, the mining area is horizontally divided into multiple sections, each of the sections is divided into multiple strips along the direction of the ore body, a first access roadway is excavated at the bottom of each strip, and a transportation roadway connected to the first access roadway is opened outside the mining area; the one-step rock drilling and blasting step is: opening a plurality of medium-depth holes upward in the first access roadway , a plurality of the medium-depth holes are distributed in a fan shape, and explosives are loaded into the medium-depth holes for blasting to form a second access roadway; the first mining step is: transporting the blasted ore to the ground through the transport roadway; the reinforcement step is: drilling holes and grouting at the top of the second access roadway to form a pre-reinforced area; the two-step rock drilling and blasting step is: opening a plurality of parallel medium-depth holes upward in the second access roadway, and explosives are loaded into the medium-depth holes for blasting; the second mining step is: transporting the blasted ore to the ground through the transport roadway; the filling step is: setting a retaining wall in the transport roadway to fill the stope after mining.

[0005] According to a large-access segmented and striped filling mining method of an embodiment of the present invention, there are at least the following beneficial effects: the first access roadway is formed into a second access roadway through a step of rock drilling and blasting, and the second access roadway has a large space for multiple shovel loaders to transport ore at the same time, which effectively improves the efficiency of secondary mining. And during excavation, only the first access roadway with a smaller size is excavated in the ore body, which increases the space for the shovel loaders to work while reducing the excavation amount. Effectively improve mining efficiency.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a fixed wireless communication base station and a mobile wireless communication base station are provided in the second approach tunnel and the transport tunnel, and in the rock drilling and blasting step, an intelligent rock drilling trolley with a remote wireless control function is used for rock drilling, and a remote-controlled charging trolley with a remote wireless control function is used for loading explosives, and in the mining step, a remote-controlled shovel loader with a remote wireless control function is used for transportation, so as to realize unmanned automated intelligent mining.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of strips are grouped into one-step strips and two-step strips, the plurality of one-step strips are aligned in the vertical direction, the plurality of two-step strips are aligned in the vertical direction, the one-step strips are spaced apart from the two-step strips, and the one-step strips are mined first and then the two-step strips.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mining sequence of the one-step stripping is bottom-up mining, and the mining sequence of the two-step stripping is bottom-up mining.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pilot cutting includes cutting a skylight extending into the first access tunnel, and ventilating the strips through the skylight after the first-step rock drilling and blasting step and the second-step rock drilling and blasting step.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the transport roadway includes a main conveying roadway along the vein, a mine-discharging and through-veining roadway, and a chute. The main conveying roadway along the vein is arranged at the bottom of the mining area, and the extension direction of the main conveying roadway along the vein is the same as the extension direction of the ore body. The main conveying roadway along the vein is used to transport ore to the ground. The chute is arranged vertically, and the lower end of the chute is connected to the main conveying roadway along the vein. The ore in the second access roadway is transported to the main conveying roadway along the vein through the mine-discharging and through-veining roadway and the chute.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, adjacent ore-exiting and vein-crossing tunnels are connected in the horizontal direction via segmented transport tunnels.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the reinforcement step also includes one or more of the following steps: installing short anchor rods to protect the roof, installing short anchor rods and anchor nets for combined support, excavating short through veins at unstable roof plates, and reinforcing the upper surrounding rock of the mining area by prestressed anchor cables.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the one-time ore extraction step, the ore extraction amount is 1 / 2 of the ore collapse amount in the one-step rock drilling and blasting step.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the medium-deep hole is constructed to be 0.5-1.0 m deeper than the designed mining range.

[0015] A large-access segmented and striped filling mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) The first access roadway is formed into the second access roadway through a step of rock drilling and blasting. The second access roadway has a large space for multiple loaders to transport ore at the same time, which effectively improves the efficiency of secondary mining. During excavation, only the first access roadway with a smaller size is excavated in the ore body, which increases the space for the loaders to work while reducing the excavation volume.

[0017] Effectively improve mining efficiency;

[0018] (2) Data is transmitted between mining equipment through wireless networks, and multiple mining sites and multiple equipment are linked and coordinated. While improving work efficiency, it can also reduce the risk of injury to mining employees;

[0019] (3) After the first-step strip is filled, the second-step strip is mined. At this time, the filling in the first-step mining area plays a supporting role to prevent the top and sides of the second-step strip from collapsing. This mining method can mine the ore body as much as possible, improve the ore body recovery rate and reduce the ore depletion rate.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein:

[0022] Figure 1 A front cross-sectional view of a stope according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the top surface of a stope according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A side sectional view of a stope according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0026] Figure Number:

[0027] Strip 100, first access lane 110;

[0028] Transport tunnel 200, main transport tunnel along the vein 210, mine-exit tunnel 220, chute 230;

[0029] Medium depth hole 300;

[0030] Segmented transport tunnel 400 and filling material 401. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientation, such as orientation or positional relationship indicated as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means more than two. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0035] Reference Figures 1 to 4As shown, a large-access segmented strip filling mining method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: accurate mining and cutting, one-step rock drilling and blasting, one-time mining, two-step rock drilling and blasting, secondary mining, and filling. The accurate mining and cutting steps are: dividing the ore body into multiple stopes along the direction of the ore body, each stope is 80m long, 60m high, and has a width equal to the thickness of the ore body. A top column is left between adjacent stopes in the vertical direction, and the height of the top column is 3m. The space in the stope is horizontally divided into 4 sections, and the height of each section is 15m. Each section is divided into multiple strips 100 along the direction of the ore body, and the extension direction of the strips 100 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the ore body. A first access roadway 110 is excavated at the bottom of each strip 100. The width of the first access roadway 110 is 3m and the height is 2.5m. A transport tunnel 200 connected to the first access tunnel 110 is opened outside the mining area; one-step rock drilling and blasting: multiple medium-depth holes 300 are opened upward in the first access tunnel 110, and the multiple medium-depth holes 300 are distributed in a fan shape. Explosives are loaded into the medium-depth holes 300 for blasting to form a second access tunnel. The second access tunnel is 10m wide and 4m high; the first mining step is: the ore produced in the one-step rock drilling and blasting step is transported to the ground through the transport tunnel 200; the reinforcement step is: a hole is opened at the top of the second access tunnel, and liquid quick-setting material is injected into the top of the second access tunnel through a grouting pump. After the liquid quick-setting material is completely solidified, a pre-reinforced area can be formed. Since the second access tunnel is large in size, a pre-reinforced area should be set to prevent the ore body at the top of the second access tunnel from falling. The second-step rock drilling and blasting step is: multiple parallel medium-depth holes 300 are opened upward in the second access roadway, and explosives are loaded into the medium-depth holes 300 for blasting. In the rock drilling and blasting step, the medium-depth holes 300 are divided into multiple rows at equal intervals along the extension direction of the ore body. The diameter of the medium-depth holes 300800 is 120 mm, and the spacing between each row of medium-depth holes 300 is 3.2 m. 2 to 4 rows of medium-depth holes 300 are blasted each time, that is, the step distance of each mining is 6 to 10 m. The secondary mining step is: transporting the ore produced in the second-step rock drilling and blasting step to the ground through the transportation roadway 200; the filling step is: setting a retaining wall in the transportation roadway 200, and using the filling material 401 to fill the mining site after mining. The filling material 401 uses tailings in the ore dressing plant or waste rock produced by the development of various roadways. After the ore in the stope is mined, the stope of the mining hole is used as a new resource, and the waste rock generated by the development of various tunnels underground and the tailings in the ore dressing plant are filled in the goaf, realizing waste-free mining and avoiding environmental pollution. During the filling operation, according to the requirements of the allowed exposure area of ​​the stope, the cementation filling of the stope is implemented in sections and strips in steps. The allowed exposure area of ​​the stope is determined by geological conditions. Since the second access roadway is formed by the first access roadway 110 through a step of rock drilling and blasting, it has a large space for multiple shovel loaders to transport ore at the same time, effectively improving the efficiency of secondary mining.During excavation, only the first access roadway 110 with a smaller size is excavated in the ore body, which increases the space for the scraper to work while reducing the excavation amount. The mining efficiency is effectively improved. It is foreseeable that in the two-step rock drilling and blasting step, three to five rock drilling trolleys and intelligent charging trolleys can work in the second access roadway at the same time, which effectively shortens the time of the two-step rock drilling and blasting step and improves the mining efficiency.

[0036] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it can be understood that fixed wireless communication base stations and mobile wireless communication base stations are installed in the second approach tunnel and the transport tunnel. In the rock drilling and blasting step, an intelligent rock drilling trolley with remote wireless control function is used for rock drilling, and a remote-controlled charging trolley with remote wireless control function is used to load explosives. In the mining step, a remote-controlled scraper with remote wireless control function is used for transportation to realize unmanned automated intelligent mining. The loading capacity of the intelligent scraper is 4m 2 . The second access tunnel can accommodate three intelligent shovel loaders to shovel ore at the same time to improve transportation capacity. The fixed wireless communication base station and the mobile wireless communication base station installed in the second access tunnel and the transportation tunnel 200 form a wireless communication system to provide a wireless network and reduce the risk of disconnection. The wireless communication system is connected to the external network through a fiber optic ring network to transmit signals to the intelligent drilling trolley, intelligent charging trolley, and intelligent shovel loader. The fiber optic ring network not only has the high-speed transmission capability of optical fiber, but also can ensure the normal operation of other main network nodes after any node or cable fails. The reliability of communication under complex conditions underground is guaranteed. To ensure that personnel do not enter the dangerous area inside the mining site, multiple equipment transmit data through the wireless network, and multiple mining sites and multiple equipment are linked and coordinated. While improving work efficiency, it can also reduce the risk of injury to mining employees.

[0037] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it can be understood that a plurality of strips 100 are grouped into one-step strips and two-step strips, a plurality of one-step strips are aligned in the vertical direction, a plurality of two-step strips are aligned in the vertical direction, a one-step strip and a two-step strip are arranged at intervals, and the one-step strip is mined first and then the two-step strip. When the one-step strip is mined, the ore body in the two-step strip plays a supporting role to prevent the top and side of the one-step strip from collapsing. After the one-step strip is filled, the two-step strip is mined again. At this time, the filling in the one-step mining field plays a supporting role to prevent the top and side of the two-step strip from collapsing. This mining method can mine the ore body as much as possible, improve the recovery rate of the ore body and reduce the depletion rate of the ore.

[0038] Reference Figures 1 to 4As shown, it can be understood that the mining order of the one-step stripping is from bottom to top, and the mining order of the two-step stripping is from bottom to top. After the filling step, the strip 100 can support the upper strip 100, so that the continuous mining of the ore body in the stope can be achieved, and the mining from bottom to top can prevent the mine surface from being damaged, avoiding the interference of secondary expansion during the mine production period.

[0039] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it can be understood that the mining and cutting includes cutting a skylight extending into the first access roadway 110, and ventilating the strip 100 through the skylight after the first rock drilling and blasting step and the second rock drilling and blasting step. During ventilation, the air flows through the second access roadway, the blasted working surface inside the stope, and the skylight in sequence. The bottom-up exhaust method is adopted, which can effectively and quickly discharge dust and prevent dust from accumulating under the action of gravity. After the ventilation is completed, the mining step is carried out.

[0040] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it can be understood that the transport tunnel 200 includes a main conveying tunnel 210 along the vein, a mine-exiting tunnel 220, and a chute 230. The main conveying tunnel 210 along the vein is arranged at the bottom of the mining field. The extension direction of the main conveying tunnel 210 along the vein is the same as the extension direction of the ore body. The main conveying tunnel 210 along the vein extends to the ground. The main conveying tunnel 210 along the vein is used to transport the ore to the ground. The chute 230 is arranged vertically, and the lower end of the chute 230 is connected to the main conveying tunnel 210 along the vein. The function of the chute 230 is to transport the ore by gravity. The inclination direction of the ore body should be toward the chute 230. The ore in the second approach tunnel is transported to the main conveying tunnel 210 along the vein through the mine-exiting tunnel 220 and the chute 230. All the strips 100 in the same mining field can share a main conveying tunnel 210 along the vein for the mine-exiting step, which effectively reduces the amount of earthwork excavated and improves mining efficiency.

[0041] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it can be understood that adjacent ore-exiting and vein-through tunnels 220 are connected in the horizontal direction through the segmented transport tunnel 400. The segmented transport tunnel 400 connects the various strips 100 in the horizontal direction, so as to facilitate the transfer of equipment such as the intelligent rock drilling trolley, the intelligent charging trolley and the intelligent scraper to the next stope to be mined after the mining of any strip 100 is completed. In the filling step, retaining walls are set in the segmented transport tunnel 400 and the ore-exiting and vein-through tunnel 220 to block tailings and waste rock, so that the tailings and waste rock can effectively fill the strips 100 after mining, and will not enter the adjacent strips 100.

[0042] Reference Figures 1 to 4As shown, it can be understood that the reinforcement step also includes one or more of the following steps: installing short anchor rods to protect the top, installing short anchor rods and anchor nets for joint support, driving short through veins at unstable roofs, and reinforcing the upper wall surrounding rock of the mining site through prestressed anchor cables. When the basic quality level of the rock mass is level I, the risk of collapse is low, and no reinforcement or a small amount of short anchor rods can be installed to protect the top for reinforcement. When the basic quality level of the rock mass is level II, the risk of collapse is low, and short anchor rods can be installed to protect the top at unstable locations for reinforcement. When the basic quality level of the rock mass is level III, the risk of collapse is high, and short anchor rods and anchor nets can be installed to support the unstable locations for reinforcement. When the basic quality level of the rock mass is level IV, the risk of collapse is high, and short anchor rods and anchor nets can be installed to support the unstable locations for reinforcement, and short through veins can be driven at unstable roofs to reinforce the upper wall of the mining site through prestressed anchor cables. Multiple prestressed anchor cables are distributed in a fan shape. The prestressed anchor cable is anchored into the rock mass through the holes in the weak structural surface of the rock mass by the anchor head, connecting the unstable part of the top of the mining area with the stable rock layer, thereby changing the stress state of the slope rock mass and improving the integrity and strength of the unstable rock mass of the slope.

[0043] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it can be understood that in the first ore-discharging step, the ore-discharging amount is 1 / 2 of the ore-collapsed amount in the first rock drilling and blasting step. In order to shorten the time of the first ore-discharging step, it is not necessary to completely clean out all the ore in the second access roadway, and only a working space for one intelligent rock drilling trolley and one intelligent charging trolley is required. The remaining ore in the second access roadway can be shoveled into the chute 230 in the second ore-discharging step.

[0044] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, it can be understood that the medium-deep hole 300 is 0.5-1.0m deeper than the designed mining range during construction, which can improve the mining rate of the ore body.

[0045] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-scale segmented and striped filling mining method, characterized in that: include: Pre-cutting: the ore body is divided into a plurality of stopes along the direction of the ore body, a top pillar is left between the stopes adjacent to each other in the vertical direction, the stopes are horizontally divided into a plurality of sections, each section is divided into a plurality of strips (100) along the direction of the ore body, a first access tunnel (110) is excavated at the bottom of each strip (100), and a transport tunnel (200) connected to the first access tunnel (110) is opened outside the stope; One-step rock drilling and blasting: a plurality of medium-depth holes (300) are opened upward in the first access tunnel (110), the plurality of medium-depth holes (300) are distributed in a fan shape, explosives are loaded into the medium-depth holes (300) for blasting, and a second access tunnel is formed; Primary mining: transporting the blasted ore to the ground through the transport tunnel (200); Reinforcement: drilling holes and injecting grout at the top of the second access roadway to form a pre-reinforced area; Two-step rock drilling and blasting: a plurality of parallel medium-depth holes (300) are opened upward in the second access roadway, and explosives are loaded into the medium-depth holes (300) for blasting; Secondary ore removal: transporting the blasted ore to the surface through the transport tunnel (200); Filling: a retaining wall is set in the transport tunnel (200) to carry out filling operations on the stope after mining.

2. The large-entry segmented and striped filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A fixed wireless communication base station and a mobile wireless communication base station are both provided in the second access tunnel and the transport tunnel (200). In the rock drilling and blasting step, an intelligent rock drilling trolley with a remote wireless control function is used for rock drilling, and a remote-controlled charging trolley with a remote wireless control function is used for loading explosives. In the mining step, a remote-controlled shovel loader with a remote wireless control function is used for transportation, so as to realize unmanned automated intelligent mining.

3. The large-entry segmented and striped filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The plurality of strips (100) are grouped into one-step strips and two-step strips. The plurality of one-step strips are aligned in the vertical direction. The plurality of two-step strips are aligned in the vertical direction. The one-step strips are spaced apart from the two-step strips. The one-step strips are mined first and then the two-step strips are mined.

4. The large-entry segmented and striped filling mining method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The mining sequence of the one-step stripping is from bottom to top, and the mining sequence of the two-step stripping is from bottom to top.

5. The large-entry segmented and striped filling mining method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The pilot cutting includes cutting a skylight extending into the first access roadway (110), and ventilating the strip (100) through the skylight after the first rock drilling and blasting step and the second rock drilling and blasting step.

6. The large-entry segmented and striped filling mining method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The transport tunnel (200) comprises a main tunnel along the vein (210), a mine-discharging tunnel (220), and a chute (230). The main tunnel along the vein (210) is arranged at the bottom of the mining area. The extension direction of the main tunnel along the vein (210) is the same as the extension direction of the ore body. The main tunnel along the vein (210) is used to transport ore to the ground. The chute (230) is arranged vertically, and the lower end of the chute (230) is connected to the main tunnel along the vein (210). The ore in the second access tunnel is transported to the main tunnel along the vein (210) through the mine-discharging tunnel (220) and the chute (230).

7. The large-entry segmented and striped filling mining method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The adjacent ore-exiting and vein-crossing tunnels (220) are connected in the horizontal direction via a segmented transport tunnel (400).

8. The large-entry segmented and striped filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The reinforcement step also includes one or more of the following steps: installing short anchor rods to protect the roof, installing short anchor rods and anchor nets for combined support, excavating short through-veins at unstable roof plates, and reinforcing the upper wall surrounding rock of the mining area by prestressed anchor cables.

9. The large-entry segmented and striped filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the one-time ore extraction step, the ore extraction amount is 1 / 2 of the ore extraction amount in the one-step rock drilling and blasting step.

10. The large-entry segmented and striped filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: During construction, the medium-deep hole (300) is 0.5-1.0 m deeper than the designed mining range.

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