Complete separation method for whole brain tissue and cranial nerve of human craniocerebral specimen

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of life science and brain function research, and discloses a whole brain tissue and cranial nerve complete separation method of a human craniocerebral specimen, which comprises the steps of craniocerebral specimen preparation and whole brain tissue and cranial nerve separation. The method is clear in step and easy to popularize, high-end equipment is not needed, the dura mater can be completely reserved, and the whole brain structure is completely reserved due to the fact that the inner side of the dura mater is of the whole brain structure; and 12 groups of cranial nerves can be completely reserved by the method, so that a related basis is provided for the fields of brain function research and neurosurgery precise treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the fields of life science and brain function research, and more specifically, to a method for completely isolating whole brain tissue and cranial nerves from human cranial specimens. Background Art

[0002] The human brain is a complex and efficient organ responsible for a variety of key functions that enable humans to perceive, think, act and adapt to the environment; the brain structure can be divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and diencephalon. Human cranial nerves are nerves that emanate directly from the brain. There are 12 groups of cranial nerves, numbered I to XII. Each pair of cranial nerves has a specific function and is responsible for the transmission of sensory and motor information. The cerebrum is the general term for the cerebral hemispheres, including the left and right hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum. The surface of the brain is the cerebral cortex, which contains gray matter, and the white matter below; the cerebrum is responsible for advanced cognitive functions such as thinking, memory, language, emotion, consciousness and motor control. The cerebral cortex is divided into the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe, and each area has different functions. The cerebellum is located at the lower back of the cerebrum, behind the brainstem. It consists of two cerebellar hemispheres and a middle cerebellar vermis; it is mainly responsible for coordinating movements, maintaining balance and maintaining posture. The brainstem includes the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. It connects the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord; the brainstem controls basic life-sustaining functions such as breathing, heartbeat and blood pressure. It is also responsible for the sensory and motor functions of the face and neck. The diencephalon includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland and pituitary gland; the thalamus is responsible for the transmission and processing of sensory information, the hypothalamus regulates the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems, the pineal gland controls circadian rhythms, and the pituitary gland secretes various hormones. Olfactory nerve (I) function: transmits olfactory information; optic nerve (II) function: transmits visual information; oculomotor nerve (III) function: controls eye movement, pupil contraction and lens adjustment; trochlear nerve (IV) function: controls eye downward and inward rotation; trigeminal nerve (V) function: responsible for facial sensation and movement of masticatory muscles; abducens nerve (VI) function: controls eye outward rotation; facial nerve (VII) function: controls facial expression muscles, saliva and tear gland secretion, and transmits some taste information; vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) function: responsible for hearing and balance; glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) function: responsible for some taste, pharyngeal sensation and movement of pharyngeal muscles; vagus nerve (X) function: controls the sensation and movement of internal organs such as the heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract; accessory nerve (XI) function: controls the movement of neck muscles (such as trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles); hypoglossal nerve (XII) function: controls the movement of tongue muscles. Collecting complete human brain tissue and cranial nerves is of great significance for studying brain function.

[0003] The existing method for separating whole brain tissue and cranial nerves in humans mainly involves separating the skull with an electric saw, and then using scissors to interrupt the cranial nerves, and then obtaining whole brain tissue and cranial nerves. The whole brain tissue and cranial nerves obtained by this method are greatly damaged by mechanical force, which can easily damage the brain tissue, and in the process of cranial nerve separation, it is easy to cause the fracture of the cranial nerves, resulting in incomplete cranial nerve collection. And there is no standardized collection process, and the proficiency of the operator has a great influence on the separation of whole brain tissue and cranial nerves. Therefore, how to scientifically formulate a method for separating whole brain tissue and cranial nerves, while improving the preparation quality (integrity) of the specimen, has become a problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem in the prior art that brain tissue and cranial nerves of human cranial specimens are easily damaged and the cranial nerves are incomplete, the present application provides a method for separating whole brain tissue and cranial nerves of human cranial specimens.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present application provides a method for completely isolating whole brain tissue and cranial nerves of a human cranial specimen, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Preparation of brain specimens;

[0008] Step 2: separation of whole brain tissue and cranial nerves;

[0009] S2-1, after the fixation of the brain specimen, it was taken out and rinsed with tap water at the dura mater incision and the catheter placement site to replace formalin with water;

[0010] S2-2, peel off the scalp outside the entire skull, then peel off the head and occipital muscles to expose the entire skull, use an electric drill to drill holes at the bilateral pterions and asterixis, and drill holes in the middle of the line connecting the pterions and asterixis, drill holes in the external occipital protuberance, drill holes in the middle of the forehead, drill holes between the external occipital protuberance and the forehead, use the retrosigmoid approach at the asterixis to remove part of the occipital bone, then use a dissector to separate the occipital dura mater from the skull, then debone the entire occipital bone, use a milling cutter to remove the right frontal skull, use a dissector to peel off the dura mater from the inner side of the skull, then remove the upper part of the skull, and you can see that the complete dura mater covers the brain surface, and then remove the dura mater;

[0011] S2-3, cut the spinal cord at the foramen magnum, separate the arachnoid membrane there, explore the cranial nerves in the occipital part under a microscope, first cut off the accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, and glossopharyngeal nerve, continue to explore forward, cut off the facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, and trigeminal nerve, then cut off the trochlear nerve and oculomotor nerve, lift the forehead, peel off the bilateral olfactory nerves, explore the optic nerve and internal carotid artery, and cut them off at the dura mater;

[0012] S2-4, the entire brain and cranial nerves are removed intact.

[0013] Further, step 1 includes the following steps:

[0014] S1-1, select a fresh human skull specimen, remove the surface hair, find and cut the neck under a surgical microscope, find the bilateral internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, and jugular veins, and insert a flushing tube;

[0015] S1-2, use a craniotomy instrument to drill a hole in the skull, open the dura mater and enter the subarachnoid space, then use running water to repeatedly flush the subarachnoid space, bilateral internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries and jugular veins to flush out the debris in the blood vessels until the flushing water is clean and transparent;

[0016] S1-3, inject formalin into the skull drilling site, dura mater incision site and catheter placement site for flushing for half an hour, and then immerse the entire brain specimen in formalin solution for 6-12 months to obtain a fixed brain specimen.

[0017] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for completely separating whole brain tissue and cranial nerves from human cranial specimens. The method has clear steps, is easy to promote, does not require high-end equipment, and can preserve the dura mater completely, because the inner side of the dura mater is the whole brain structure, so the whole brain structure is completely preserved; and the method can completely preserve 12 groups of cranial nerves, providing relevant basis for brain function research and precision neurosurgery treatment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical scheme and effects of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the invention, rather than to limit the invention.

[0020] Example

[0021] The present application embodiment discloses a method for completely isolating whole brain tissue and cranial nerves of a human cranial specimen, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Preparation of brain specimens;

[0023] S1-1, select a fresh human skull specimen, remove the surface hair, find and cut the neck under a surgical microscope, find the bilateral internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, and jugular veins, and insert a flushing tube;

[0024] S1-2, use a craniotomy instrument to drill a hole in the skull, open the dura mater and enter the subarachnoid space, then use running water to repeatedly flush the subarachnoid space, bilateral internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries and jugular veins to flush out the debris in the blood vessels until the flushing water is clean and transparent;

[0025] S1-3, inject formalin from the skull drilling, dura mater incision and catheter placement for half an hour, and then place the entire brain specimen in a formalin solution for 6-12 months to obtain a fixed brain specimen;

[0026] Step 2: separation of whole brain tissue and cranial nerves;

[0027] S2-1, after the fixation of the brain specimen, it was taken out and rinsed with tap water at the dura mater incision and the catheter placement site to replace formalin with water;

[0028] S2-2, peel off the scalp outside the entire skull, then peel off the head and occipital muscles to expose the entire skull, use an electric drill to drill holes at the bilateral pterions and asterixis, and drill holes in the middle of the line connecting the pterions and asterixis, drill holes in the external occipital protuberance, drill holes in the middle of the forehead, drill holes between the external occipital protuberance and the forehead, use the retrosigmoid approach at the asterixis to remove part of the occipital bone, then use a dissector to separate the occipital dura mater from the skull, then debone the entire occipital bone, use a milling cutter to remove the right frontal skull, use a dissector to peel off the dura mater from the inner side of the skull, then remove the upper part of the skull, and you can see that the complete dura mater covers the brain surface, and then remove the dura mater;

[0029] S2-3, cut the spinal cord at the foramen magnum, separate the arachnoid membrane there, explore the cranial nerves in the occipital part under a microscope, first cut off the accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, and glossopharyngeal nerve, continue to explore forward, cut off the facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, and trigeminal nerve, then cut off the trochlear nerve and oculomotor nerve, lift the forehead, peel off the bilateral olfactory nerves, explore the optic nerve and internal carotid artery, and cut them off at the dura mater;

[0030] S2-4, the entire brain and cranial nerves are removed intact.

[0031] In summary, the method of the present invention can be used to completely remove brain tissue and 12 groups of cranial nerves, providing relevant basis for brain function research and neurosurgery precision treatment.

[0032] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the present embodiment without any creative contribution as needed, but such modifications are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for completely isolating whole brain tissue and cranial nerves from human cranial specimens, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Preparation of brain specimens; Step 2: separation of whole brain tissue and cranial nerves; S2-1, after the fixation of the brain specimen, it was taken out and rinsed with tap water at the dura mater incision and the catheter placement site to replace formalin with water; S2-2, peel off the scalp outside the entire skull, then peel off the head and occipital muscles to expose the entire skull, use an electric drill to drill holes at the bilateral pterions and asterixis, and drill holes in the middle of the line connecting the pterions and asterixis, drill holes in the external occipital protuberance, drill holes in the middle of the forehead, drill holes between the external occipital protuberance and the forehead, use the retrosigmoid approach at the asterixis to remove part of the occipital bone, then use a dissector to separate the occipital dura mater from the skull, then debone the entire occipital bone, use a milling cutter to remove the right frontal skull, use a dissector to peel off the dura mater from the inner side of the skull, then remove the upper part of the skull, and you can see that the complete dura mater covers the brain surface, and then remove the dura mater; S2-3, cut the spinal cord at the foramen magnum, separate the arachnoid membrane there, explore the cranial nerves in the occipital part under a microscope, first cut off the accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, and glossopharyngeal nerve, continue to explore forward, cut off the facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, and trigeminal nerve, then cut off the trochlear nerve and oculomotor nerve, lift the forehead, peel off the bilateral olfactory nerves, explore the optic nerve and internal carotid artery, and cut them off at the dura mater; S2-4, the entire brain and cranial nerves are removed intact.

2. The method for completely isolating whole brain tissue and cranial nerves from human cranial specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1 includes the following steps: S1-1, select a fresh human skull specimen, remove the surface hair, find and cut the neck under a surgical microscope, find the bilateral internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, and jugular veins, and insert a flushing tube; S1-2, use a craniotomy instrument to drill a hole in the skull, open the dura mater and enter the subarachnoid space, then use running water to repeatedly flush the subarachnoid space, bilateral internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries and jugular veins to flush out the debris in the blood vessels until the flushing water is clean and transparent; S1-3, inject formalin into the skull drilling site, dura mater incision site and catheter placement site for flushing for half an hour, and then immerse the entire brain specimen in formalin solution for 6-12 months to obtain a fixed brain specimen.