Multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system and working method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system and working method, which relates to the field of mine mining simulation technology. It includes a loading test host, a hydraulic station, a power distribution cabinet and an industrial computer. The loading test host includes a base, a main frame, a top loading unit 1, a top loading unit 2, a bottom excavation unit, a buffer energy release device, a telescopic rod group and a rock plate stamping device. The movable vertical plate is arranged vertically on the inner side of the main frame. The buffer energy release device includes a buffer plate, and the buffer plate is arranged adjacent to the left side of the movable vertical plate through a spring assembly. The top loading unit 1 includes a plurality of first upper pressure plates, and the bottom excavation unit includes a plurality of lower top plates, and an excavation cylinder is arranged under each lower top plate. The present invention has multiple working modes, and realizes two-dimensional / three-dimensional simulation of overburden migration and response characteristics under the conditions of large burial depth, strong mine earthquake, and continuous mining of multiple working faces, and realizes the simulation of the entire process of coal mine earthquake, incubation, and triggering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine mining simulation, and in particular to a multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system and a working method. Background Art

[0002] Deep mining has become the norm in coal resource development. The accompanying complex and violent activities of the overlying rock strata and the resulting safety hazards such as tunnel rupture and instability, rock burst, etc. are key factors restricting safe and efficient coal mining.

[0003] The survey found that the demand for relevant scientific research is large. Similar three-dimensional simulation equipment has high cost for a single test and is difficult to operate. The existing two-dimensional or three-dimensional similar material simulation test platform used for coal mining needs to use different simulation equipment for different tests. Therefore, different simulation test equipment needs to be purchased for different tests. The equipment investment cost is high, many simulation test equipment are required, the space is large, and the maintenance cost is high. After searching relevant literature, it was found that the bottom of the existing similar material simulation test platform is a closed structure, which cannot realize the bottom excavation simulation of the similar material model. In addition, the four side walls of the existing similar material simulation test platform are all in a fixed state. During the top recording process, the energy of the similar material model cannot be released, resulting in rock fractures during the loading process. Therefore, during the bottom excavation process, the actual situation of the entire process of coal mine earthquake incubation and triggering cannot be reflected. Therefore, the existing technology urgently needs to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, one object of the present invention is to propose a multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system to solve the problems of high investment cost of existing two-dimensional or three-dimensional similar material simulation test equipment, large number of simulation test equipment required, large space occupation, and inability to perform three-dimensional similar material simulation of the entire process of coal mine earthquake incubation and triggering.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system, including a loading test host, a hydraulic station, a power distribution cabinet and an industrial computer. The loading test host includes a base, a main frame, a top loading unit one, a top loading unit two, a bottom excavation unit, a buffer energy release device, a telescopic rod group and a rock plate stamping device. The main frame is a square frame structure with open front and rear sides, and is fixedly installed above the base. A group of enclosures are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the main frame. In addition, the main frame is also equipped with a group of intermediate baffles.

[0006] The inner side of the main frame is provided with a vertically arranged movable upright plate, the lower end of the movable upright plate is horizontally slidably matched with the bottom of the main frame, and the movable upright plate is adjustably fixedly connected to the right side wall of the main frame through the telescopic rod group.

[0007] The buffer energy release device includes a buffer plate and a spring assembly. The buffer plate is vertically arranged adjacent to each other on the left side of the movable vertical plate. There are multiple spring assemblies, which are arranged in a square array between the buffer plate and the movable vertical plate. The buffer plate is movably connected to the movable vertical plate through the spring assembly.

[0008] Top loading unit 1 and top loading unit 2 are adjacently arranged on the top of the main frame. Top loading unit 1 includes at least two rows of first upper pressure plates arranged adjacently in the longitudinal direction. Each row of first upper pressure plates includes at least two first upper pressure plates arranged adjacently in the transverse direction. All first upper pressure plates are located between the buffer plate and the left side wall of the main frame.

[0009] The top loading unit 2 includes at least two second upper pressure plates located on the right side of the first upper pressure plate and arranged adjacent to each other in sequence laterally. All the second upper pressure plates correspond to the positions of the frontmost row of first upper pressure plates and are arranged linearly. A normal loading cylinder is configured above each first upper pressure plate and second upper pressure plate.

[0010] The bottom excavation unit includes a plurality of lower top plates arranged adjacent to each other in a square array. All the lower top plates are movably arranged in an embedded manner on the bottom left side of the main frame. An excavation cylinder is arranged under each lower top plate. The excavation cylinder and the normal loading cylinder are independently supplied with oil or returned with oil by the hydraulic station.

[0011] Furthermore, the main frame includes a bottom plate, a left side plate, a right side plate and a reaction top plate. The bottom plate is fixed to the upper surface of the base. The left and right side plates are vertically arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom plate, and the lower ends are fixedly connected to the base.

[0012] The reaction top plate is located directly above the bottom plate, and the bottoms of the left and right ends thereof are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the left and right plates respectively.

[0013] The bottom plate, the left side plate, the right side plate and the reaction top plate all include a rectangular steel plate and a reinforcing rib frame. The reinforcing rib frame is located on the outer wall of the rectangular steel plate and is fixedly welded thereto to form an integral whole.

[0014] Furthermore, the first upper pressing plate, the second upper pressing plate and the lower top plate are all square plates, and the specifications of the first and second upper pressing plates are consistent.

[0015] A square opening is provided on the left side of the bottom plate, and a square frame matching the square opening is fixed on the bottom plate in an embedded manner. All lower top plates are covered with the inner area of ​​the square frame, and the four side walls of each lower top plate are respectively slidably and sealedly matched with the corresponding side of another adjacent lower top plate or the inner side wall of the square frame.

[0016] Each excavation oil cylinder is fixed on the base, and the upper end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the center of the corresponding lower top plate, and drives the corresponding lower top plate to rise and fall.

[0017] Furthermore, two sections of guide rails are fixed on the upper surface of the right side of the bottom plate. The two sections of guide rails are parallel and spaced apart, one in front of the other. Each section of the guide rail is equipped with a guide slider that slidably cooperates with it, and each guide slider is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable vertical plate.

[0018] The telescopic rod group includes a plurality of telescopic rods, and all the telescopic rods are regularly arranged between the movable vertical board and the right side board in a parallel and spaced distribution manner.

[0019] The telescopic rod includes a bidirectional screw rod and an inner thread cylinder. The bidirectional screw rod is arranged horizontally, and a rotating handle is fixed in the middle position. There are two inner thread cylinders that are coaxially arranged on the left and right sides of the bidirectional screw rod. The two ends of the bidirectional screw rod are respectively screwed into the corresponding ends of the two inner thread cylinders.

[0020] The left end of the inner thread cylinder on the left side is fixedly connected to the movable vertical plate, and the right end of the inner thread cylinder on the right side is fixedly connected to the right side plate. In the working state, the two-way screw rods are rotated by each rotating handle to drive the movable vertical plate to move left and right relative to the main frame, thereby realizing the position adjustment of the movable vertical plate.

[0021] Furthermore, the front and rear end surfaces of the movable vertical plate are both stepped surfaces formed by the left portion being recessed inwardly, and the buffer plate is a C-shaped steel plate formed by bending the front and rear ends to the same side, and the folded edges on both sides of the buffer plate are respectively attached to the front and rear end surfaces of the movable vertical plate and slidably cooperate with them, and a cavity is formed between the buffer plate and the left side wall of the movable vertical plate.

[0022] The folded edges on both sides of the buffer plate are provided with a plurality of oblong holes which are vertically spaced apart. A limiting bolt is arranged in each oblong hole. Each limiting bolt is screwed on the front end surface or the rear end surface of the movable vertical plate.

[0023] The lower end of the buffer plate is provided with two notches corresponding to the positions of the two sections of the guide rails.

[0024] Furthermore, the spring assembly includes a guide column and a buffer spring. Each guide column is arranged horizontally and has the buffer spring sleeved on its outer portion. The right end of the guide column is fixedly connected to the movable vertical plate, and the left end passes through the buffer plate and is provided with a locking nut. The buffer spring is located between the buffer plate and the movable vertical plate.

[0025] In the working state, the left side of the buffer plate is squeezed by the external force and moves rightward relative to the movable vertical plate, thereby squeezing the buffer spring.

[0026] Furthermore, the cylinder body of the normal loading cylinder is fixedly mounted on the reaction top plate, and the lower end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the center of the corresponding first upper pressure plate or the second upper pressure plate through a force sensor, and the signal end of the force sensor is connected to the industrial computer for communication.

[0027] A guide rod is provided above each first upper pressure plate and the second upper pressure plate, and each guide rod is equipped with a guide sleeve, which is fixed on the reaction force top plate. The lower end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the top of the corresponding first upper pressure plate or the second upper pressure plate, and the upper end is passed through the inner side of the corresponding guide sleeve and slidably cooperates with it.

[0028] Furthermore, the rock plate stamping device includes a large pressure plate, a connecting column and a mounting plate. The mounting plate can be detachably installed at the bottom of each of the first upper pressure plates. The large pressure plate is located directly below the mounting plate. The top center of the large pressure plate is fixedly welded to the bottom of the mounting plate through the connecting column.

[0029] Furthermore, each group of enclosures includes multiple sections of channel steel, and the sections of channel steel in the same group are arranged adjacent to each other from bottom to top on the front side or rear side of the main frame, and are fixedly connected with the left side plate, the right side plate and the movable vertical plate by bolts.

[0030] The group of intermediate baffles includes a plurality of strip-shaped rectangular steel plates, all of which are arranged adjacently from bottom to top between the left side plate and the buffer plate, and the left and right ends of the rectangular steel plates are detachably fixedly connected to the left side plate and the buffer plate respectively.

[0031] Another object of the present invention is to propose a working method of the above-mentioned multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system.

[0032] A working method of a multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system is based on the above-mentioned multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system, and the working method includes the following steps: Step 1, in the initial state, all lower top plates are at the top dead center of their travel, the top of each lower top plate is flush with the upper surface of the bottom plate of the main frame, and all first upper pressure plates are adjusted to the same height and are located on the upper part of the main frame; the position of the movable vertical plate is adjusted by the telescopic rod group, and the position adjustment of the movable vertical plate is completed after the left wall of the buffer plate contacts the right wall of the rightmost first upper pressure plate.

[0033] Step 2: Install a panel on the front and rear sides of the main frame respectively, and lay the first layer of similar material on the area between the left side wall and the buffer plate of the main frame, and smooth the surface of the first layer of similar material. All the first upper pressure plates descend synchronously to compact the first layer of similar material. After that, place a stress strain gauge on the surface of the first layer of similar material, and connect the stress strain gauge to the industrial computer through a signal line.

[0034] Step 3: Install the next panel on the front and rear sides of the main frame respectively, and lay the first layer of similar material in the manner of step 2, smooth it, compact it and place stress strain gauges. Lay each layer of similar material in the above manner in turn. After the last layer of similar material is laid, do not place stress strain gauges and maintain the laid similar material model.

[0035] Step 4: After the maintenance of the similar material model is completed, each first upper pressure plate of the top loading unit applies pressure to the top of the similar material model. At the same time, the excavation cylinder drives the corresponding lower top plate to move downward and separate from the bottom of the similar material model. The stress strain gauge sends the monitoring data to the industrial computer to record the stress changes of each layer of similar materials and judge the state of the rock formation.

[0036] By adopting the above technical scheme, the beneficial technical effect of the present invention is: the present invention has multiple working modes, which can be used for three-dimensional similar material simulation of the whole process of coal mine earthquake incubation-triggering, as well as two-dimensional similar material simulation tests of two sizes, and high, medium and low rock plate loading simulation tests, thereby improving the versatility and compatibility of the equipment and reducing the equipment investment cost. In addition, the buffering energy release device of the present invention can avoid the situation where the rock stratum is stressed and fractured during the loading process before simulating bottom excavation, so that the simulation of the whole process of coal mine earthquake incubation-triggering is closer to the real situation.

[0037] The simulation test system research platform provided by the present invention realizes the automated simulation of multi-working face and large-space mining, which makes up for the problems of large human interference and difficult observation of traditional test equipment, and realizes the simulation of the whole process of coal mine earthquake incubation and triggering, and is expected to reveal basic problems such as the joint evolution mechanism of thick hard rock stratum structure breaking and instability and strong mine earthquake incubation. The multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system realizes the two-dimensional / three-dimensional simulation of overburden migration and response characteristics under the conditions of deep burial, strong mine earthquake, and continuous mining of multiple working faces, and realizes the simulation of the whole process of coal mine earthquake, incubation, and triggering, breaking through the technical bottlenecks of traditional simulation, such as the single dimension and difficulty in simulating the disaster incubation process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the first working mode of the multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system.

[0040] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a portion of a system, showing the main frame.

[0041] Figure 4 yes Figure 2A schematic diagram of another part thereof shows a movable vertical plate, a buffer energy release device and related parts.

[0042] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer energy release device shown in FIG.

[0043] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the movable vertical plate and the buffer energy release device of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of the movable vertical plate shown in FIG.

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the top loading unit 1 of the present invention.

[0046] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the top loading unit 2 of the present invention.

[0047] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the bottom excavation unit of the present invention.

[0048] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the second working mode of the multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system.

[0049] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the third working mode of the multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system.

[0050] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the fourth working mode of the multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system.

[0051] As shown in the figure: 1. Base; 2. Main frame; 21. Bottom plate; 22. Left side plate; 23. Right side plate; 24. Reaction top plate; 25. Enclosure; 26. Middle baffle; 3. Top loading unit 1; 31. First upper pressure plate; 32. Normal loading cylinder; 33. Force sensor; 34. Guide rod; 35. Guide sleeve; 4. Top loading unit 2; 41. Second upper pressure plate; 5. Bottom excavation unit; 51. Lower top plate; 52. Excavation Cylinder; 6. Buffer energy release device; 61. Buffer plate; 611. Long round hole; 612. Notch; 613. Folding edge; 62. Guide column 63. Buffer spring; 64. Reinforcement plate; 71. Large pressure plate; 72. Connecting column; 73. Mounting plate; 8. Movable vertical plate; 81. Guide rail; 82. Guide slide block; 83. Bidirectional screw rod; 84. Internal thread cylinder; 85. Rotating handle; 91. Hydraulic station; 92. Power distribution cabinet; 93. Industrial computer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0053] Embodiment 1, combination Figures 1 to 13 The multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system is used to simulate the overburden evolution observation, mine earthquake occurrence mechanism and triggering mechanism of three-dimensional large-space mining in the mining field. It includes a loading test host, a hydraulic station 91, a power distribution cabinet 92 and an industrial computer 93. The loading test host includes a base 1, a main frame 2, a top loading unit 1 3, a top loading unit 2 4, a bottom excavation unit 5, a buffer release device 6, a telescopic rod group and a rock plate punching device. The main frame 2 is a square frame structure with open front and rear sides. The main frame 2 is fixed on the top of the base 1 by bolts.

[0054] Specifically, the main frame 2 includes a bottom plate 21, a left side plate 22, a right side plate 23 and a reaction top plate 24. The bottom plate 21 is fixed to the upper surface of the base 1. The left side plate 22 and the right side plate 23 are arranged vertically on the left and right sides of the bottom plate 21, and the lower ends are fixedly connected to the base 1 by bolts. The reaction top plate 24 is located directly above the bottom plate 21, and the bottoms of the left and right ends of the reaction top plate 24 are respectively fixedly connected by bolts to the upper ends of the left side plate 22 and the right side plate 23. Specifically, the bottom plate 21, the left side plate 22, the right side plate 23 and the reaction top plate 24 all include a rectangular steel plate and a reinforcing rib frame, which is located on the outer wall of the rectangular steel plate and fixedly welded thereto to form an integral body. The bottom plate 21, the left side plate 22, the right side plate 23 and the reaction top plate 24 have high rigidity, and the main frame 2 formed by the connection also has high rigidity and will not deform under the action of a large external force.

[0055] A group of enclosures 25 are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the main frame 2, and each group of enclosures 25 includes multiple sections of channel steel. The sections of channel steel in the same group are arranged adjacent to each other from bottom to top on the front side or rear side of the main frame 2, and are fixedly connected with the left side plate 22, the right side plate 23 and the movable vertical plate 8 by bolts. After the two groups of enclosures 25 are installed on the front and rear sides of the main frame 2, similar materials are laid layer by layer on the inner side of the main frame 2, and a similar material model simulating the rock formation is formed after solidification.

[0056] The inner side of the main frame 2 is provided with a vertically arranged movable upright board 8, the lower end of the movable upright board 8 is laterally slidably matched with the bottom of the main frame 2, and the movable upright board 8 is adjustably fixedly connected to the right side wall of the main frame 2 through the telescopic rod group. Two sections of guide rails 81 are fixed on the upper surface of the right side of the bottom plate 21, and the two sections of guide rails 81 are arranged parallel and spaced one behind the other, and each section of the guide rail 81 is equipped with a guide slider 82 that is slidably matched with it, and each guide slider 82 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable upright board 8.

[0057] The telescopic rod group includes a plurality of telescopic rods, and all the telescopic rods are regularly arranged between the movable vertical plate 8 and the right side plate 23 in a parallel and spaced manner. Specifically, the telescopic rod includes a bidirectional screw rod 83 and an inner thread cylinder 84, the bidirectional screw rod 83 is arranged horizontally, a rotating handle 85 is fixed in the middle, and there are two inner thread cylinders 84 that are coaxially arranged on the left and right sides of the bidirectional screw rod 83, and the two ends of the bidirectional screw rod 83 are respectively screwed into the corresponding ends of the two inner thread cylinders 84.

[0058] The left end of the inner thread cylinder 84 located on the left side is fixedly connected to the movable vertical plate 8, and the right end of the inner thread cylinder 84 located on the right side is fixedly connected to the right side plate 23. In the working state, the two-way screw rod 83 is rotated by each rotating handle 85 to drive the movable vertical plate 8 to move left and right relative to the main frame 2, so as to adjust the position of the movable vertical plate 8, and realize the mutual switching of the two-dimensional similar material simulation test and the three-dimensional similar material simulation test working modes.

[0059] The front and rear end surfaces of the movable vertical plate 8 are both stepped surfaces formed by the left part being recessed inwardly. The buffer energy release device 6 includes a buffer plate 61 and a spring assembly. The buffer plate 61 is vertically adjacently arranged on the left side of the movable vertical plate 8. There are multiple spring assemblies, which are arranged in a square array between the buffer plate 61 and the movable vertical plate 8. The buffer plate 61 is movably connected to the movable vertical plate 8 through the spring assembly.

[0060] Specifically, the buffer plate 61 is a C-shaped steel plate with its front and rear ends bent to the same side. A plurality of reinforcing plates 64 are arranged at intervals on the inner sides of the folding lines on the front and rear sides of the buffer plate 61. The reinforcing plates 64 improve the overall rigidity of the buffer plate 61. The folding edges 613 on both sides of the buffer plate 61 are respectively attached to the front and rear end surfaces of the movable vertical plate 8 and slide together with them, and a cavity is formed between the buffer plate 61 and the left side wall of the movable vertical plate 8.

[0061] The folded edges 613 on both the front and rear sides of the buffer plate 61 have a plurality of oblong holes 611 vertically spaced apart, each oblong hole 611 is provided with a stop bolt, and each stop bolt is screwed on the front end face or the rear end face of the movable upright plate 8. The lower end of the buffer plate 61 is provided with two notches 612 corresponding to the positions of the two sections of the guide rails 81, and the buffer plate 61 can move on the two sections of the guide rails 81 with the movable upright plate 8, and adjust its position together with the movable upright plate 8.

[0062] Specifically, the spring assembly includes a guide column 62 and a buffer spring 63. Each guide column 62 is arranged horizontally, and the buffer spring 63 is sleeved on the outside. The right end of the guide column 62 is fixedly connected to the movable vertical plate 8, and the left end passes through the buffer plate 61 and is provided with a locking nut. The buffer spring 63 is located between the buffer plate 61 and the movable vertical plate 8.

[0063] In the working state, the left side of the buffer plate 61 is squeezed by external force and moves rightward relative to the movable vertical plate 8, squeezing the buffer spring 63. The test system is used to simulate the whole process of coal mine earthquake incubation and triggering. When the similar material model is in the process of top loading before simulating bottom excavation, the buffer plate 61 can provide pressure release space for the similar material model to avoid rock fracture before excavation.

[0064] The top loading unit 1 3 and the top loading unit 2 4 are installed adjacent to each other on the top of the main frame 2, one on the left and one on the right. The top loading unit 1 3 includes three rows of first upper pressure plates 31 arranged adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction. Each row of the first upper pressure plates 31 includes two first upper pressure plates 31 arranged adjacent to each other in the transverse direction. All the first upper pressure plates 31 are located between the buffer plate 61 and the left side wall of the main frame 2.

[0065] The cylinder body of the normal loading cylinder 32 is fixedly mounted on the reaction force top plate 24 , and the lower end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the center of the corresponding first upper pressure plate 31 or the second upper pressure plate 41 through a force sensor 33 , and the signal end of the force sensor 33 is communicatively connected to the industrial computer 93 .

[0066] A guide rod 34 is provided above each first upper pressure plate 31 and the second upper pressure plate 41, and each guide rod 34 is configured with a guide sleeve 35, which is fixed on the reaction top plate 24. The lower end of the guide rod 34 is fixedly connected to the top of the corresponding first upper pressure plate 31 or the second upper pressure plate 41, and the upper end is passed through the inner side of the corresponding guide sleeve 35 and slidably cooperates with it.

[0067] The top loading unit 2 4 includes two second upper pressure plates 41 located on the right side of the first upper pressure plate 31 and arranged adjacent to each other in sequence laterally. The two second upper pressure plates 41 correspond to the positions of the frontmost row of first upper pressure plates 31 and are arranged linearly. A normal loading cylinder 32 is configured above each of the first upper pressure plate 31 and the second upper pressure plate 41.

[0068] The bottom excavation unit 5 includes twelve lower top plates 51 arranged adjacent to each other in a square array. The first upper pressure plate 31, the second upper pressure plate 41 and the lower top plate 51 are all rectangular plates. The specifications of the first upper pressure plate 31 and the second upper pressure plate 41 are consistent. Specifically, all the first upper pressure plates 31 and the second upper pressure plates 41 are made of 500mm×400mm rectangular steel plates.

[0069] All lower top plates 51 are movably arranged on the left side of the bottom of the main frame 2 in an embedded manner, and a square opening is opened on the left side of the bottom plate 21. A square frame adapted to the square opening is fixed on the bottom plate 21 in an embedded manner. All lower top plates 51 are covered with the inner area of ​​the square frame, and the four side walls of each lower top plate 51 are respectively slidably sealed with the corresponding side of another adjacent lower top plate 51 or the inner side wall of the square frame. The multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system of the present invention can realize non-invasive simulation of multi-working face continuous mining, and the movement displacement speed of the twelve lower top plates 51 of the small scissor hydraulic lift simulating automatic mining is 0.1mm / min~5mm / min.

[0070] An excavation cylinder 52 is arranged under each lower top plate 51. Each excavation cylinder 52 is fixed on the base 1. The upper end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the center of the corresponding lower top plate 51, and drives the corresponding lower top plate 51 to rise and fall. The excavation cylinder 52 and the normal loading cylinder 32 are independently supplied with oil or returned with oil by the hydraulic station 91. The telescopic end movement of each excavation cylinder 52 and the normal loading cylinder 32 is controlled by a set program. The excavation cylinder 52 is preferably a small scissor-type hydraulic lifting cylinder.

[0071] The rock plate punching device includes a large pressing plate 71, a connecting column 72 and a mounting plate 73. The mounting plate 73 is detachably mounted on the bottom of each of the first upper pressing plates 31. The large pressing plate 71 is located directly below the mounting plate 73. The top center of the large pressing plate 71 is fixedly welded to the bottom of the mounting plate 73 through the connecting column 72. The rock plate punching device is used when performing a high, medium and low rock plate loading simulation test. Specifically, the rock plate punching device is installed at the bottom of the first upper pressing plate 31. The normal loading cylinders 32 of the top loading unit 3 are synchronously extended and retracted to drive the large pressing plate 71 to vertically lift and lower to load the rock plate located on the bottom plate 21.

[0072] In addition, the main frame 2 is also equipped with a set of intermediate baffles 26, which include a plurality of rectangular steel plates in strip shape, all of which are arranged adjacently from bottom to top between the left side plate 22 and the buffer plate 61, and the left and right ends of the rectangular steel plates are respectively detachably fixedly connected to the left side plate 22 and the buffer plate 61. The intermediate baffles 26 are used to block the rear side of the similar material during the laying and loading process of the similar material in the two-dimensional similar material simulation test.

[0073] The multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system of the present invention has four working modes. The first working mode is the simulation of the whole process of coal mine earthquake incubation-triggering, the second working mode is the 1.5m two-dimensional similar material simulation test, the third working mode is the 2m two-dimensional similar material simulation test, and the fourth working mode is the high, medium and low rock plate loading simulation test, which simulates the fracture morphology of the plate structure and has obvious stress accumulation and fracture evolution process. Similar materials can be mixed with quartz sand inside and sprayed with concrete reinforcing agent on the outer layer to increase the fracture brittleness and maintain the fracture morphology without changing the properties of the rock layer. The stress concentration monitoring method uses a resistivity meter. The corresponding resistivity will change as the stress concentration density increases. The flexible long dynamometer measures the support pressure range and the force between rock layers, which is suitable for the above four working modes. The present invention can carry out various types of similar material simulation tests, reduce equipment investment, and improve usage functions.

[0074] Embodiment 2, combined Figures 1 to 13 A working method of a multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system is provided. Based on the multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system described in Example 1, the working method comprises the following steps: Step 1. In the initial state, all lower top plates 51 are at the top dead point of their travel, and the top of each lower top plate 51 is flush with the upper surface of the bottom plate of the main frame 2. All first upper pressure plates 31 are adjusted to the same height and are located on the upper part of the main frame 2.

[0075] The position of the movable upright plate 8 is adjusted by the telescopic rod group. After the left wall of the buffer plate 61 contacts the right wall of the rightmost first upper pressing plate 31 , the position adjustment of the movable upright plate 8 is completed.

[0076] Step 2: Install a panel 25 on the front and rear sides of the main frame 2 respectively, and lay a first layer of similar material on the area between the left side wall of the main frame 2 and the buffer plate 61, and smooth the surface of the first layer of similar material. All first upper pressure plates 31 are synchronously lowered to compact the first layer of similar material. After that, a stress strain gauge is placed on the surface of the first layer of similar material, and the stress strain gauge is connected to the industrial computer 93 through a signal line.

[0077] Similar materials can be a combination of organic matrix, lightweight sand, plastic particles, and adhesives, which has the characteristics of low density, low labor intensity of the experiment, low environmental pollution, short experimental waiting time, and effective regulation of rock properties; in addition, similar materials can also be a combination of organic matrix particles and lightweight sand as aggregate + concrete foaming agent, which has strong rigidity and can better simulate the high compressive strength of rock formations, but relatively small shear strength and tensile strength.

[0078] Step 3, install a panel on the front and rear sides of the main frame 2 respectively, and lay the first layer of similar material in the manner of step 2, smooth it, compact it and place stress strain gauges, and lay each layer of similar material in turn in the above manner. After the last layer of similar material is laid, no stress strain gauges are placed, and the laid similar material model is maintained. The three-dimensional similar material is easy to lay homogeneously, easy to obtain, easy to prepare, and can be well combined with various monitoring devices.

[0079] Step 4: After the maintenance of the similar material model is completed, each first upper pressure plate 31 of the top loading unit 3 applies pressure to the top of the similar material model. At the same time, the excavation cylinder 52 drives the corresponding lower top plates 51 to move downward and separate from the bottom of the similar material model to simulate continuous mining of multiple working faces. The stress strain gauge sends the monitoring data to the industrial computer 93 to record the stress changes and fracture morphology of each layer of similar materials, and the internal crack development can be detected by ultrasound.

[0080] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more than two; the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the mechanism or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0081] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0082] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system, including a loading test host, a hydraulic station, a power distribution cabinet and an industrial control computer, characterized in that: The loading test host includes a base, a main frame, a top loading unit 1, a top loading unit 2, a bottom excavation unit, a buffer energy release device, a telescopic rod group and a rock plate punching device. The main frame is a square frame structure with open front and rear sides and is fixedly installed above the base. The front and rear sides of the main frame are respectively equipped with a set of enclosures. In addition, the main frame is also equipped with a set of intermediate baffles; The inner side of the main frame is provided with a vertically arranged movable upright plate, the lower end of the movable upright plate is laterally slidably matched with the bottom of the main frame, and the movable upright plate is adjustably fixedly connected to the right side wall of the main frame through the telescopic rod group; The buffer energy release device includes a buffer plate and a spring assembly, wherein the buffer plate is vertically arranged adjacent to each other on the left side of the movable vertical plate, and there are multiple spring assemblies arranged between the buffer plate and the movable vertical plate in a square array, and the buffer plate is movably connected to the movable vertical plate through the spring assembly; The top loading unit 1 and the top loading unit 2 are adjacently arranged on the top of the main frame, the top loading unit 1 comprises at least two rows of first upper pressing plates arranged adjacently in the longitudinal direction, each row of first upper pressing plates comprises at least two first upper pressing plates arranged adjacently in the transverse direction, and all the first upper pressing plates are located between the buffer plate and the left side wall of the main frame; The top loading unit 2 includes at least two second upper pressing plates located on the right side of the first upper pressing plate and arranged in sequence in a transverse direction, all the second upper pressing plates correspond to the positions of the first upper pressing plates in the frontmost row and are arranged linearly, and a normal loading cylinder is arranged above each of the first upper pressing plate and the second upper pressing plate; The bottom excavation unit includes a plurality of lower top plates arranged adjacent to each other in a square array. All the lower top plates are movably arranged in an embedded manner on the bottom left side of the main frame. An excavation cylinder is arranged under each lower top plate. The excavation cylinder and the normal loading cylinder are independently supplied with oil or returned with oil by the hydraulic station.

2. The multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The main frame includes a bottom plate, a left side plate, a right side plate and a reaction top plate. The bottom plate is fixed to the upper surface of the base. The left and right side plates are vertically arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom plate. The lower ends of the left side plate and the right side plate are fixedly connected to the base. The reaction top plate is located directly above the bottom plate, and the bottoms of the left and right ends thereof are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the left and right plates respectively; The bottom plate, the left side plate, the right side plate and the reaction top plate all include a rectangular steel plate and a reinforcing rib frame. The reinforcing rib frame is located on the outer wall of the rectangular steel plate and is fixedly welded thereto to form an integral whole.

3. A multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first upper pressing plate, the second upper pressing plate and the lower top plate are all square plates, and the specifications of the first and second upper pressing plates are consistent; A square opening is provided on the left side of the bottom plate, a square frame body adapted to the square opening is fixed on the bottom plate in an embedded manner, all lower top plates are covered with the inner area of ​​the square frame body, and the four side walls of each lower top plate are respectively slidably sealed with the corresponding side of another adjacent lower top plate or the inner side wall of the square frame body; Each excavation oil cylinder is fixed on a base, and the upper end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the center of the corresponding lower top plate through a force sensor, and drives the corresponding lower top plate to rise and fall.

4. The multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Two sections of guide rails are fixed on the upper surface of the right side of the bottom plate. The two sections of guide rails are arranged parallel and spaced one behind the other. Each section of the guide rail is equipped with a guide slider that slides with it. Each guide slider is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable vertical plate. The telescopic rod group includes a plurality of telescopic rods, and all the telescopic rods are regularly arranged between the movable vertical board and the right side board in a parallel and spaced distribution manner; The telescopic rod comprises a bidirectional screw and an inner thread cylinder. The bidirectional screw is arranged horizontally, a rotating handle is fixed in the middle, two inner thread cylinders are coaxially arranged on the left and right sides of the bidirectional screw, and the two ends of the bidirectional screw are respectively screwed into the corresponding ends of the two inner thread cylinders. The left end of the inner thread cylinder on the left side is fixedly connected to the movable vertical plate, and the right end of the inner thread cylinder on the right side is fixedly connected to the right side plate. In the working state, the two-way screw rods are rotated by each rotating handle to drive the movable vertical plate to move left and right relative to the main frame, thereby realizing the position adjustment of the movable vertical plate.

5. The multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The front and rear end surfaces of the movable vertical plate are both stepped surfaces formed by the left part being recessed inwardly, and the buffer plate is a C-shaped steel plate formed by bending the front and rear ends to the same side, and the folded edges on both sides of the buffer plate are respectively attached to the front and rear end surfaces of the movable vertical plate and slidably matched therewith, and a cavity is formed between the buffer plate and the left side wall of the movable vertical plate; The folded edges on both sides of the buffer plate have a plurality of oblong holes at intervals in the vertical direction, each oblong hole is provided with a limit bolt, and each limit bolt is screwed on the front end surface or the rear end surface of the movable vertical plate; The lower end of the buffer plate is provided with two notches corresponding to the positions of the two sections of the guide rails.

6. The multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spring assembly includes a guide column and a buffer spring. Each guide column is arranged horizontally, and the buffer spring is sleeved on the outside. The right end of the guide column is fixedly connected to the movable vertical plate, and the left end passes through the buffer plate and is equipped with a locking nut. The buffer spring is located between the buffer plate and the movable vertical plate. In the working state, the left side of the buffer plate is squeezed by the external force and moves rightward relative to the movable vertical plate, thereby squeezing the buffer spring.

7. The multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The cylinder body of the normal loading cylinder is fixedly mounted on the reaction top plate, and the lower end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the center of the corresponding first upper pressing plate or the second upper pressing plate through the same force sensor, and the signal end of the force sensor is connected to the industrial computer for communication; A guide rod is provided above each first upper pressure plate and the second upper pressure plate, and each guide rod is equipped with a guide sleeve, which is fixed on the reaction force top plate. The lower end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the top of the corresponding first upper pressure plate or the second upper pressure plate, and the upper end is passed through the inner side of the corresponding guide sleeve and slidably cooperates with it.

8. The multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rock plate punching device includes a large pressure plate, a connecting column and a mounting plate. The mounting plate can be detachably mounted on the bottom of each of the first upper pressure plates. The large pressure plate is located directly below the mounting plate. The top center of the large pressure plate is fixedly welded to the bottom of the mounting plate through the connecting column.

9. The multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Each set of enclosure plates includes multiple sections of channel steel. The sections of channel steel in the same set are arranged adjacent to each other from bottom to top on the front or rear side of the main frame and are fixedly connected with the left side plate, the right side plate and the movable vertical plate by bolts; The group of intermediate baffles includes a plurality of strip-shaped rectangular steel plates, all of which are arranged adjacently from bottom to top between the left side plate and the buffer plate, and the left and right ends of the rectangular steel plates are detachably fixedly connected to the left side plate and the buffer plate respectively.

10. A working method of a multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system, characterized in that: Based on the multi-scale overburden spatial structure evolution and disaster response simulation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the working method comprises the following steps: Step 1: In the initial state, all lower top plates are at the top dead center of their travel, the top of each lower top plate is flush with the upper surface of the bottom plate of the main frame, and all first upper pressing plates are adjusted to the same height and are located on the upper part of the main frame; The position of the movable upright plate is adjusted by the telescopic rod group. After the left wall of the buffer plate contacts the right wall of the first upper pressing plate on the rightmost side, the position adjustment of the movable upright plate is completed. Step 2: Install a panel on both sides of the main frame, and lay a first layer of similar material on the area between the left wall and the buffer plate of the main frame, and smooth the surface of the first layer of similar material. All first upper pressing plates are synchronously lowered to compact the first layer of similar material. After that, stress strain gauges are placed on the surface of the first layer of similar material, and the stress strain gauges are connected to the industrial computer through signal lines. Step 3, install the next coaming on the front and rear sides of the main frame respectively, and lay the first layer of similar material in the manner of step 2, smooth it, compact it and place the stress strain gauge, and lay each layer of similar material in the above manner in turn. After the last layer of similar material is laid, maintain the laid similar material model; Step 4: After the maintenance of the similar material model is completed, each first upper pressure plate of the top loading unit applies pressure to the top of the similar material model. At the same time, the excavation cylinder drives the corresponding lower top plate to move downward and separate from the bottom of the similar material model. The stress strain gauge sends the monitoring data to the industrial computer to record the stress changes of each layer of similar materials and judge the state of the rock formation.

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