Device and method for detecting microwave penetration depth of material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave heating, and particularly relates to a device and method for detecting the microwave penetration depth of a material, and the device comprises a box body which is provided with an experiment cabin, a microwave emission unit, a detection assembly, a network vector analyzer, a vacuum system, an infrared temperature measurement device and a central control computer end; the experiment bin is vertically arranged and is used for placing a sample; an electric furnace is mounted on the experiment bin; the microwave transmitting unit is used for transmitting microwave signals into the experiment cabin; the detection assembly is used for detecting microwave signals, sample temperature and vacuum degree of the incident end and the receiving end in the experiment bin; the network vector analyzer is used for receiving the microwave data detected by the monitoring assembly and calculating the loss of the microwave signal; a sample is placed in the experiment bin, the experiment bin is vacuumized and heated, microwaves are emitted and penetrate through the sample, the microwaves are detected through the monitoring assembly, the attenuation amount is calculated through network vector analysis, and the problem that microwave penetration depth data of different materials are difficult to collect is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave heating, and in particular relates to a device and method for detecting microwave penetration depth of a material. Background Art

[0002] Microwave heating is the key to the research of microwave sintering, microwave material synthesis, microwave material processing and other fields. The penetration depth of microwaves into materials is an important indicator for determining the effective heating of samples by microwaves. Therefore, simple, accurate and effective measurement of the microwave penetration depth of materials and the collection of microwave penetration depth data for different material states are of great significance for the application of microwave technology in heating, material synthesis, material processing and other fields.

[0003] In the microwave field, microwave penetration depth is an important indicator for determining the performance of the sample to be tested, and its determination plays an important guiding role in the formulation of subsequent experimental plans.

[0004] However, the current research on detecting the microwave penetration performance of materials in the field of microwave metallurgy mainly obtains some performance parameters of materials through data processing from response curves or neural networks through experimental methods, while there are relatively few studies on obtaining accurate material performance parameters through theoretical data calculations using dedicated detection experimental equipment.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a device and method for detecting the microwave penetration depth of materials to reveal the microwave penetration of different material states under preset air pressure, temperature, and microwave power parameters. This is of great significance for the selection of microwave heating process parameters, the improvement of microwave energy utilization, and the improvement of material heating uniformity. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for detecting the microwave penetration depth of a material, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for detecting the microwave penetration depth of a material, comprising: a box body, on which an experimental chamber, a microwave transmitting unit, a detection component, a network vector analyzer, a vacuum system, an infrared temperature measuring device and a central control computer terminal are installed;

[0008] The experimental chamber is arranged vertically and is used to place samples; an electric furnace is installed on the experimental chamber;

[0009] The microwave transmitting unit is used to transmit microwave signals into the experimental chamber;

[0010] The detection component is used to detect the microwave signal, sample temperature and vacuum degree at the injection end and the receiving end in the experimental chamber;

[0011] The network vector analyzer is used to receive microwave data detected by the monitoring component and calculate the loss of the microwave signal;

[0012] The vacuum system is used to extract the gas in the experimental chamber;

[0013] The microwave transmitting unit, the network vector analyzer, the infrared temperature measuring device, the vacuum system, the electric furnace, and the detection component are all electrically connected to the central control computer.

[0014] Preferably, the microwave emitting unit includes a microwave source, the top end of the box is connected to a welding support frame, a slide rail is installed on the welding support frame, the microwave source moves on the welding support frame through the slide rail, the microwave emitting end of the microwave source is connected to a waveguide tube, three pins, a short-circuit antenna and a short-circuit piston are sequentially arranged on the waveguide tube along the microwave emitting direction, and the end of the waveguide tube away from the microwave source is connected to the injection end of the experimental chamber.

[0015] Preferably, the detection component includes a microwave input end detection probe, a microwave receiving end detection probe, an infrared temperature measuring device and a vacuum gauge, the microwave input end detection probe is arranged at the incident end of the experimental chamber, and the microwave receiving end detection probe is arranged at the receiving end of the experimental chamber; the infrared temperature measuring device is used to detect the temperature of the sample, and the vacuum gauge is used to detect the vacuum degree of the experimental chamber, the microwave input end detection probe and the microwave receiving end detection probe are both electrically connected to the network vector analyzer, and the infrared temperature measuring device and the vacuum gauge are both electrically connected to the central control computer end.

[0016] Preferably, the experimental chamber includes an upper circular transition tube, an upper vacuum pipe, a lower vacuum pipe and a lower circular transition tube, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The top end of the upper circular transition tube is connected to the end of the waveguide away from the microwave source. The bottom end of the upper circular transition tube is sealed and connected to the upper vacuum pipe through an upper vacuum flange. The upper vacuum pipe is detachably connected to the lower vacuum pipe through a disassembly flange. The lower vacuum pipe is sealed and connected to the lower circular transition tube through a lower vacuum flange. Quartz windows are embedded on the upper vacuum flange and the lower vacuum flange. The lower vacuum pipe, the upper vacuum pipe and the lower vacuum flange are sealed and connected to the upper vacuum pipe through a lower vacuum flange. The empty pipe forms a closed chamber through the two quartz windows, the upper part of the inner wall of the lower vacuum pipe is connected to a sample stage, a temperature measuring window is obliquely arranged on the lower vacuum pipe, the infrared temperature measuring device is arranged corresponding to the temperature measuring window, two exhaust interfaces are arranged on the lower vacuum pipe, the two exhaust interfaces are respectively arranged above and below the sample stage, the two exhaust interfaces are connected to the vacuum system through an air pipe, the electric furnace sleeve is arranged on the outer wall of the lower vacuum pipe, the microwave input end detection probe is arranged on the upper circular transition pipe, and the microwave receiving end detection probe is arranged on the lower circular transition pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the electric furnace comprises an electric heating wire wound around the outer wall of the lower vacuum pipe, and a shell is provided on the electric heating wire.

[0018] Preferably, the vacuum system includes a fixed welding frame, which is installed on the inner bottom wall of the box body, and a motor and a turbine vacuum pump are installed on the fixed welding frame. The motor and the turbine vacuum pump are matched in transmission, and the air inlet end of the vacuum pump is connected to the closed chamber through the air pipe, and the motor is electrically connected to the central control computer end.

[0019] The present invention provides a method for using a device for detecting microwave penetration depth of a material, comprising the following steps:

[0020] placing a sample into the experimental chamber;

[0021] By means of the central control computer, based on the first preset parameter, the vacuum system is controlled to evacuate the experimental chamber;

[0022] By means of the central control computer, based on the first preset parameter, the electric furnace is controlled to heat the sample in the experimental chamber;

[0023] By means of the central control computer, based on the first preset parameter, the microwave emission unit is controlled to emit microwaves into the experimental chamber and penetrate the sample;

[0024] Obtaining microwave vector, temperature and vacuum degree data in the experimental chamber through the detection component;

[0025] The data detected by the detection component is transmitted to the central control computer.

[0026] Preferably, the physical state of the sample placed in the experimental chamber is one of block, powder and liquid.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0028] The present invention provides a device and method for detecting the microwave penetration depth of a material, which can perform simple, accurate and effective measurement and evaluation of the microwave penetration depth of the material, and can realize effective evaluation of the microwave penetration performance of various types of samples. At the same time, the invention has a high degree of functionality. The present invention can detect the microwave penetration of a sample to be tested of a given material. The sample to be tested is placed on a sample table, and the vacuum degree in the experimental chamber, the sample table temperature, and microwave emission are controlled by a vacuum module, a heating module, and a microwave control module of an electric control system. Detection probes are set at the microwave injection end and the microwave receiving end of the experimental chamber, and the monitored microwave signal data is transmitted to a network vector analyzer. Finally, the network vector analyzer is used to analyze the power attenuation of the microwave before and after passing through the sample, so as to realize analysis and calculation of the microwave penetration depth of the sample, thereby solving the problem of difficulty in collecting microwave penetration depth data for different materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor:

[0030] Figure 1 A front view of a device for detecting microwave penetration depth of a material proposed by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for detecting microwave penetration depth of a material proposed by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microwave transmitting unit in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the experimental chamber in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the vacuum system in the present invention;

[0035] Among them: 1. Slide rail; 2. Welding support frame; 3. Box; 4. Fixed frame; 5. Universal pulley; 6. Support foot; 7. Microwave transmitting unit; 8. Microwave input end detection probe; 9. Upper circular transition tube; 10. Central control computer terminal; 11. Experimental chamber; 12. Network vector analyzer; 13. Lower circular transition tube; 14. Microwave receiving end detection probe; 15. Vacuum system; 16. Mobile PC terminal; 17. Infrared temperature measuring device; 18. Microwave source; 19. Three pins; 20. Short-circuit antenna; 21. Waveguide; 22. Short-circuit piston; 23. Quartz window; 24. Upper vacuum flange; 25. Disassembly flange; 26. Sample stage; 27. Electric furnace; 28. Lower vacuum pipeline; 29. ​​Lower vacuum flange; 30. Temperature measuring window; 31. Turbine vacuum pump; 32. Vacuum gauge; 33. Fixed welding frame; 34. Motor; 35. Upper vacuum pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Reference Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a device for detecting the microwave penetration depth of a material, comprising: a box body 3, on which an experimental chamber 11, a microwave transmitting unit 7, a detection component, a network vector analyzer 12, a vacuum system 15, an infrared temperature measuring device 17 and a central control computer terminal 10 are installed;

[0039] The experimental chamber 11 is vertically arranged and is used to place samples; an electric furnace 27 is installed on the experimental chamber 11;

[0040] The microwave transmitting unit 7 is used to transmit microwave signals into the experimental chamber 11;

[0041] The detection component is used to detect the microwave signal, sample temperature and vacuum degree at the injection end and the receiving end in the experimental chamber 11;

[0042] The network vector analyzer 12 is used to receive the microwave data detected by the monitoring component and calculate the loss of the microwave signal;

[0043] The vacuum system 15 is used to extract the gas in the experimental chamber 11;

[0044] The microwave transmitting unit 7 , the network vector analyzer 12 , the infrared temperature measuring device 17 , the vacuum system 15 , the electric furnace 27 , and the detection components are all electrically connected to the central control computer terminal 10 .

[0045] In this embodiment, a plurality of universal pulleys 5 are installed at the bottom of the box body 3 to facilitate the movement of the device body of the present invention. A plurality of supporting feet 6 and a plurality of fixing frames 4 are arranged at the bottom of the box body 3 to facilitate the fixing and leveling of the device body of the present invention. The slide rail 1 adopts a double slide rail to make the microwave emitting unit 7 move more smoothly. After loosening the bolts on the disassembly flange 25, the microwave emitting unit 7 is moved to avoid the upper space of the upper vacuum pipe 35 through the slide rail 1, so that the sample is placed on the sample table 26. After placing the sample, the microwave emitting unit 7 is reset and the bolts on the disassembly flange 25 are tightened, so that the experimental chamber 11 meets the vacuum requirements. The frame is made of high-quality carbon steel profiles and is sprayed.

[0046] Furthermore, the microwave emitting unit 7 includes a microwave source 18, a welding support frame 2 is connected to the top of the box body 3, a slide rail 1 is installed on the welding support frame 2, the microwave source 18 moves on the welding support frame 2 through the slide rail 1, and the microwave emission end of the microwave source 18 is connected to a waveguide tube 21, and three pins 19, a short-circuit antenna 20 and a short-circuit piston 22 are sequentially arranged on the waveguide tube 21 along the microwave emission direction, and the end of the waveguide tube 21 away from the microwave source 18 is connected to the injection end of the experimental chamber 11.

[0047] By setting three pins 19, short-circuit antenna 20 and short-circuit piston 22, the adjustability of the incident waveguide within a certain range is achieved to adjust the microwave reflection power. Among them, the three pins 19, short-circuit antenna 20 and short-circuit piston 22 are all existing technologies, and the specific working principles are not repeated here.

[0048] Furthermore, the detection component includes a microwave input end detection probe 8, a microwave receiving end detection probe 14, an infrared temperature measuring device 17 and a vacuum gauge 32. The microwave input end detection probe 8 is arranged at the input end of the experimental chamber 11, and the microwave receiving end detection probe 14 is arranged at the receiving end of the experimental chamber 11; the infrared temperature measuring device 17 is used to detect the temperature of the sample, and the vacuum gauge 32 is used to detect the vacuum degree of the experimental chamber 11. The microwave input end detection probe 8 and the microwave receiving end detection probe 14 are both electrically connected to the network vector analyzer 12, and the infrared temperature measuring device 17 and the vacuum gauge 32 are both electrically connected to the central control computer terminal 10.

[0049] Specifically, the upper circular transition tube 9 transfers the microwave transmitted through the waveguide 21 to the upper vacuum pipe 35 on the one hand, and on the other hand, the microwave input end detection probe 8 responds to the microwave power signal and transmits it to the network vector analyzer 12 through the twisted pair. The microwave will sequentially pass through the quartz window 23 on the upper vacuum flange 24, the upper vacuum pipe 35, the disassembly flange 25, the sample stage 26, the lower vacuum pipe 28, enter, the quartz window 23, and finally enter the lower circular transition tube 13 and the microwave receiving end detection probe 14 through the quartz window 23 on the lower vacuum flange 29; similarly, through the quartz window on the lower vacuum flange 29 23 and the microwaves entering the lower circular transition tube 13 will be detected by the microwave receiving end detection probe 14 as microwave power signals and transmitted to the network vector analyzer 12 through the twisted pair cable; it should be noted that the lower vacuum pipe 28 and the upper vacuum pipe 35 form a closed chamber through the upper and lower quartz windows 23, and the temperature measuring window 30 is composed of a pipeline led out of the lower vacuum pipe 28, the pipeline adopts a quartz window installed on the flange and a sealing ring is installed to be locked and sealed with bolts, and the pipeline is tilted to the sample stage 26. The design scheme can effectively prevent the splash caused by the high-temperature explosion of the sample inside the cavity, and it is also convenient to place the sample and detect the temperature in the cavity. The electric furnace 27 adopts the form of external heating around the sample stage area. The electric furnace is a clam-like structure, the hot wire is nickel-chromium wire, and the whole is made of a cylindrical coil on the outer wall of the lower vacuum pipe 28. The outer surface of the electric furnace is wrapped with heat insulation material and covered with a shell. Two exhaust interfaces are provided on the lower vacuum pipe 28, which are respectively located above and below the sample stage 26 and are connected to the air inlet end of the turbine vacuum pump 31 through two air pipes to ensure that the pressure in the upper and lower chambers of the sample stage 26 is constant. The sample stage 26 can allow the sample diameter to range from 94.8mm to 95mm.

[0050] Furthermore, a bracket, fastening bolts and a rubber shock absorber are arranged below the turbine vacuum pump 31 , and a mounting hole for fixing the vacuum gauge 32 is arranged on the fixed welding frame 33 below, and the fixed welding frame 33 is fixedly connected to the box body 3 .

[0051] Furthermore, the sample temperature in the sealed chamber is detected by the infrared temperature measuring device 17 on the box 3. The temperature measuring device adopts a transverse universal wheel and a longitudinal universal wheel to realize multi-directional point detection of the sample. At the same time, in order to collect and analyze the temperature, vacuum degree, microwave output and receiving signals, an electric control system is used for management and control. The electric control system adopts an industrial computer and a programmable controller (PLC) central control method and its related electrical control unit to monitor and control the equipment microwave system, vacuum system, and heating system. The system consists of a microwave control module, a vacuum control module, and a heating control module. The microwave control module controls the microwave source to emit microwaves, transmits microwave power signals through the square and circle transition microwave input or receiving end, and uses the network vector analyzer 12 and the central control computer terminal and the mobile PC terminal to complete data collection, analysis, calculation and other tasks. The vacuum control module regulates the vacuum degree of the vacuum system of the equipment through the relevant electrical control unit. The heating control module is linked to the real-time database, and realizes precise control of the temperature through communication and exchange of data and alarm information and temperature curves with the lower computer instruments, etc. The network vector analyzer 12 is used to receive the microwave input and receiving end signals of the device and perform calculation and analysis, and transmit the data to the central control computer terminal 10. The mobile PC terminal 16 can access the central control computer terminal 10, enter the original database, save and analyze the original data of the device, etc. The central control computer terminal 10 has an interface displaying the vacuum degree, microwave power, reflected power, cavity pressure, sample stage temperature, and timing duration in real time.

[0052] In the specific design, the parameters and data analyzed by the central control computer terminal 10 of the device can also be detected and collected by connecting to the mobile PC terminal 16 for the convenience of collection, analysis and calculation. The temperature of the closed chamber can be monitored in real time by the mobile PC terminal 16 using the infrared temperature measuring device 17 and the temperature data can be stored in the computer, and the temperature data results and temperature distribution results can be displayed at the same time. After computer analysis, the temperature distribution field on the sample surface can be observed intuitively; the network vector analyzer 12 collects the microwave data of the microwave input end detection probe 8 and the microwave receiving end detection probe 14, and can also transmit and store the data in the computer; at the same time, the data such as the cavity pressure can also be transmitted to the computer terminal, and finally through computer analysis, it can be realized that the microwave penetration depth of the sample under the microwave power, temperature and pressure can be directly reflected.

[0053] Experimental test 1:

[0054] In this embodiment, the microwave penetration performance after 10 seconds is evaluated for graphite sheets with a density of 99.3% and thicknesses of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, and 6 cm. Graphite sheets of different thicknesses are placed one by one on the sample table 26. The specific implementation process is as follows: When the vacuum degree reaches 10 on the central control computer terminal 10, -2Torr, the microwave is turned on through the microwave control module, the microwave power is set to 800W, the temperature is raised to 200°C, and after 10 seconds, the network vector analyzer 12 is used to analyze that the power attenuation of the 1cm thick graphite sheet is 2.3%; the power attenuation of the 2cm thick graphite sheet is 2.1%; the power attenuation of the 3cm thick graphite sheet is 2.5%; the power attenuation of the 4cm thick graphite sheet is 3.1%; the power attenuation of the 5cm thick graphite sheet is 3.4%; the power attenuation of the 6cm thick graphite sheet is 3.2%, indicating that microwaves can effectively penetrate 1cm-6cm dense graphite sheets. The test results are as follows:

[0055]

[0056] Experimental test 2:

[0057] In this embodiment, for a graphite sheet with a density of 99.3% and a thickness of 5 cm, the microwave penetration performance at different temperatures after 10 seconds is evaluated, and the specific implementation process is as follows:

[0058] A graphite sheet with a thickness of 5 cm is placed on the sample stage 26. When the vacuum degree reaches 10 on the central control computer terminal 10, - 2 Torr, the microwave is turned on through the microwave control module, the microwave power is set to 800W, the temperatures are 20℃, 100℃, 200℃, 300℃, 400℃, 500℃, and 600℃ respectively, and after 10 seconds, the network vector analyzer 12 is used to analyze that when the temperature is 20℃, the power attenuation of the graphite sheet is 4.5%, and when the temperature is 100℃, the power attenuation of the graphite sheet is 4.1%; when the temperature is 200℃, the power attenuation of the graphite sheet is 3.4%; when the temperature is 300℃, the power attenuation of the graphite sheet is 3.0%; when the temperature is 40℃, the power attenuation of the graphite sheet is 2.6%, when the temperature is 500℃, the power attenuation of the graphite sheet is 2.1%; when the temperature is 600℃, the power attenuation of the graphite sheet is 1.8%, which indicates that the microwave penetration performance of such graphite sheets of given thickness and density decreases with increasing temperature.

[0059] The test results are shown in the following table:

[0060]

[0061] Experimental test three:

[0062] In this embodiment, for a filling height of 4 cm, the bulk density is 0.1 g / cm 3 , 0.15g / cm 3 , 0.2g / cm 3 The microwave penetration performance of the powdered graphite after 10 seconds was evaluated. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0063] Place the round quartz container containing powdered graphite on the sample table 26. When the vacuum degree reaches 10 on the central control computer terminal 10, -2 Torr, the microwave was turned on by the microwave control module, the microwave power was set to 800 W, the temperature was raised to 200 ° C, and after 10 seconds, the density was analyzed by the network vector analyzer 12, and it was 0.1 g / cm 3 The power attenuation of powdered graphite is 13.5% and the density is 0.15g / cm 3 The power attenuation of powdered graphite is 13.6% and the density is 0.2g / cm 3 The power attenuation of powdered graphite is 13.4%, indicating that the power attenuation of microwaves passing through graphite powder is relatively large. The reason is that graphite absorbs microwaves and converts them into microwave energy significantly, resulting in a large attenuation of microwave power.

[0064] The test results are shown in the following table:

[0065]

[0066] Experimental test four:

[0067] In this embodiment, the microwave penetration performance after 10 seconds is evaluated for deionized water with liquid levels of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm, respectively. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0068] Place the round quartz container containing the sample to be tested on the sample table 26. When the vacuum degree reaches 10 on the central control computer terminal 10, -2 Torr, the microwave is turned on by the microwave control module, the microwave power is set to 800W, the temperature is raised to 50°C, and after 10 seconds, the network vector analyzer 12 is used to analyze that the power attenuation of deionized water with a liquid level of 1cm is 30.1%, the power attenuation of deionized water with a liquid level of 2cm is 32.5%, the power attenuation of deionized water with a liquid level of 3cm is 32.8%, the power attenuation of deionized water with a liquid level of 4cm is 33.0%, and the power attenuation of deionized water with a liquid level of 5cm is 33.6% (5cm). The implementation results show that the microwave attenuates greatly after passing through the water sample, because it is an excellent microwave heating medium and microwave energy is lost in large quantities in water.

[0069] The test results are shown in the following table:

[0070]

[0071] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0072] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for detecting microwave penetration depth of a material, characterized in that: include: A box (3), wherein an experimental chamber (11), a microwave transmitting unit (7), a detection component, a network vector analyzer (12), a vacuum system (15), an infrared temperature measuring device (17) and a central control computer terminal (10) are installed on the box (3); The experimental chamber (11) is arranged vertically, and is used to place samples; an electric furnace (27) is installed on the experimental chamber (11); The microwave transmitting unit (7) is used to transmit microwave signals into the experimental chamber (11); The detection component is used to detect microwave signals, sample temperature and vacuum degree at the injection end and the receiving end in the experimental chamber (11); The network vector analyzer (12) is used to receive microwave data detected by the monitoring component and calculate the loss of the microwave signal; The vacuum system (15) is used to extract the gas in the experimental chamber (11); The microwave transmitting unit (7), the network vector analyzer (12), the infrared temperature measuring device (17), the vacuum system (15), the electric furnace (27), and the detection component are all electrically connected to the central control computer terminal (10).

2. The device for detecting microwave penetration depth of a material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave emitting unit (7) comprises a microwave source (18); the top end of the box (3) is connected to a welding support frame (2); a slide rail (1) is installed on the welding support frame (2); the microwave source (18) moves on the welding support frame (2) via the slide rail (1); the microwave emission end of the microwave source (18) is connected to a waveguide tube (21); three pins (19), a short-circuit antenna (20) and a short-circuit piston (22) are arranged on the waveguide tube (21) in sequence along the microwave emission direction; and the end of the waveguide tube (21) away from the microwave source (18) is connected to the injection end of the experimental chamber (11).

3. The device for detecting microwave penetration depth of a material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection component comprises a microwave input end detection probe (8), a microwave receiving end detection probe (14), an infrared temperature measuring device (17) and a vacuum gauge (32); the microwave input end detection probe (8) is arranged at the input end of the experimental chamber (11); the microwave receiving end detection probe (14) is arranged at the receiving end of the experimental chamber (11); the infrared temperature measuring device (17) is used to detect the temperature of the sample; the vacuum gauge (32) is used to detect the vacuum degree of the experimental chamber (11); the microwave input end detection probe (8) and the microwave receiving end detection probe (14) are both electrically connected to the network vector analyzer (12); and the infrared temperature measuring device (17) and the vacuum gauge (32) are both electrically connected to the central control computer (10).

4. The device for detecting microwave penetration depth of a material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The experimental chamber (11) comprises an upper circular transition tube (9), an upper vacuum pipe (35), a lower vacuum pipe (28) and a lower circular transition tube (13) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The top end of the upper circular transition tube (9) is connected to the end of the waveguide (21) away from the microwave source (18). The bottom end of the upper circular transition tube (9) is sealedly connected to the upper vacuum pipe (35) via an upper vacuum flange (24). The upper vacuum pipe (35) is detachably connected to the lower vacuum pipe (28) via a disassembly flange (25). The lower vacuum pipe (28) is sealedly connected to the lower circular transition tube (13) via a lower vacuum flange (29). Quartz windows (23) are embedded on the upper vacuum flange (24) and the lower vacuum flange (29). The lower vacuum pipe (28) The upper vacuum pipe (35) forms a closed chamber through the two quartz windows (23); the upper inner wall of the lower vacuum pipe (28) is connected to a sample stage (26); a temperature measuring window (30) is obliquely arranged on the lower vacuum pipe (28); the infrared temperature measuring device (17) is arranged corresponding to the temperature measuring window (30); the lower vacuum pipe (28) is provided with two exhaust interfaces, the two exhaust interfaces are respectively arranged above and below the sample stage (26); the two exhaust interfaces are connected to the vacuum system (15) through an air pipe; the electric furnace (27) is sleeved on the outer wall of the lower vacuum pipe (28); the microwave input end detection probe (8) is arranged on the upper circular transition pipe (9); and the microwave receiving end detection probe (14) is arranged on the lower circular transition pipe (13).

5. The device for detecting microwave penetration depth of a material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electric furnace (27) comprises an electric heating wire wound around the outer wall of the lower vacuum pipe (28), and a shell is provided on the electric heating wire.

6. The device for detecting microwave penetration depth of a material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vacuum system (15) comprises a fixed welding frame (33), the fixed welding frame (33) is mounted on the inner bottom wall of the box body (3), a motor (34) and a turbine vacuum pump (31) are mounted on the fixed welding frame (33), the motor (34) and the turbine vacuum pump (31) are matched in transmission, the air inlet end of the vacuum pump (31) is connected to the closed chamber through the air pipe, and the motor (34) is electrically connected to the central control computer end (10).

7. A method for using the device for detecting microwave penetration depth of a material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Placing a sample into the experimental chamber (11); By means of the central control computer terminal (10), based on a first preset parameter, the vacuum system (15) is controlled to evacuate the experimental chamber (11); By means of the central control computer terminal (10), based on a first preset parameter, the electric furnace (27) is controlled to heat the sample in the experimental chamber (11); By means of the central control computer terminal (10), based on a first preset parameter, the microwave emission unit (7) is controlled to emit microwaves into the experimental chamber (11) and penetrate the sample; Obtaining microwave vector, temperature and vacuum degree data in the experimental chamber (11) through the detection component; The data detected by the detection component is transmitted to the central control computer terminal (10).

8. The method of using the device for detecting microwave penetration depth of materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The physical state of the sample placed in the experimental chamber (11) is one of block, powder and liquid.

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