Direction of arrival estimation method and device based on mixed one-bit quantization

Abstract

The invention provides a direction of arrival (DoA) estimation method based on mixed one-bit quantization, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a signal of a sensor, and carrying out the quantization processing of the signal; calculating the quantized signal by using a covariance matrix, and processing the calculated signal by using a differential common array to obtain a virtual signal vector; and processing the virtual signal vector by using a MUSIC algorithm to obtain an estimation result of the direction of arrival. Through combination of complete one-bit quantization and full-precision quantization, more signal information can be effectively reserved, and through a hybrid quantization strategy, the DoA estimation precision is improved, and meanwhile, the problem of information loss is avoided, so that the accuracy and reliability of overall estimation are improved. According to the method, the complexity of required hardware is reduced, the manufacturing and maintenance cost is reduced, enough signal information is kept to improve the estimation precision, and therefore better balance is achieved between cost and performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of sensor technology, and in particular relates to a method and device for estimating a direction of arrival based on hybrid one-bit quantization. Background Art

[0002] Direction of Arrival estimation plays a key role in several applications such as wireless communications, radar, and sonar systems. Accurate signal localization is critical to the effectiveness of these technologies. Direction of Arrival estimation helps implement advanced beamforming techniques that minimize interference and improve signal quality by directing transmission or reception toward the desired signal source, especially in multi-user and multi-antenna systems. These capabilities can significantly improve system performance and capacity.

[0003] The closest quantization methods in the prior art are full one-bit quantization and low-resolution quantization. The full one-bit quantization method only retains the sign part of the signal, which can significantly reduce power consumption and hardware costs. Although this method has the advantage of reducing hardware requirements, since only the sign information of the signal is retained, a large amount of signal information is lost, which limits the application of full one-bit quantization in complex signal processing tasks. Due to information loss, the accuracy of full one-bit quantization in DoA estimation may not be as good as that of high-precision quantization methods, affecting the accuracy of the estimation results. However, low-resolution quantization can retain more information than full one-bit quantization, but it still faces the problems of large data storage requirements and high computational complexity. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present application provides a direction of arrival estimation method based on hybrid one-bit quantization, including: Acquire the signal of the sensor and perform quantization processing on the signal; The quantized signal is calculated using the covariance matrix, and the calculated signal is processed using the differential covariance matrix to obtain a virtual signal vector; The virtual signal vector is processed using a MUSIC algorithm to obtain an estimation result of the direction of arrival.

[0005] Furthermore, the signal is quantized, including: dividing the signal into a fully quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal; Full-precision quantization processing is performed on the fully quantized signal, one-bit quantization processing is performed on the one-bit signal, and the sign information is saved as a one-bit quantized signal.

[0006] Furthermore, the calculation of the quantized signal using the covariance matrix includes: The standard covariance formula is used to calculate the fully quantized signal; The one-bit quantized signal is calculated using the one-bit quantization covariance formula.

[0007] Furthermore, the method of processing the calculated signal by using the differential common array to obtain a virtual signal vector includes: The covariance matrix is ​​processed by using the differential common array to generate the signal covariance matrix of the virtual uniform array.

[0008] The present invention provides a direction of arrival estimation device based on hybrid one-bit quantization, comprising: An acquisition module, used for acquiring a signal from a sensor and performing quantization processing on the signal; A processing module, used to calculate the quantized signal using a covariance matrix, and process the calculated signal using a differential covariance matrix to obtain a virtual signal vector; The execution module is used to process the virtual signal vector using the MUSIC algorithm to obtain an estimation result of the direction of arrival.

[0009] Furthermore, the acquisition module includes: A first processing submodule, used for dividing the signal into a fully quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal; The second processing submodule is used to perform full-precision quantization processing on the fully quantized signal, perform one-bit quantization processing on the one-bit signal, and save the sign information as a one-bit quantized signal.

[0010] Furthermore, the processing module includes: A first execution submodule is used to calculate the fully quantized signal using a standard covariance formula; The second execution submodule is used to calculate the one-bit quantized signal using the one-bit quantization covariance formula.

[0011] Furthermore, the processing module further includes: The third processing submodule is used to process the covariance matrix by using the differential common array to generate a signal covariance matrix of the virtual uniform array.

[0012] The present invention provides a computer device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the above-mentioned method for estimating the direction of arrival based on hybrid one-bit quantization.

[0013] The present invention provides a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors, enables the one or more processors to perform the steps of the above-mentioned method for estimating the direction of arrival based on hybrid one-bit quantization.

[0014] The mixed one-bit quantization method of the present invention can effectively retain more signal information by combining full one-bit quantization and full-precision quantization. Through this hybrid quantization strategy, the DoA estimation accuracy is improved while avoiding the problem of information loss, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the overall estimation. The mixed one-bit quantization method provides a balance point while effectively reducing power consumption and hardware costs, combined with the advantages of full-precision quantization. This method reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs by reducing the complexity of the required hardware, while maintaining sufficient signal information to improve estimation accuracy, thereby achieving a better balance between cost and performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0016] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for direction of arrival estimation based on hybrid one-bit quantization is prepared for an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for estimating a direction of arrival based on hybrid one-bit quantization, comprising: S1, obtaining a signal from a sensor and performing quantization processing on the signal; The embodiment of the present invention obtains sensor signals from a nested linear matrix. In practical applications, the signals can be transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition system or hardware device, such as a data acquisition card or a sensor interface, to obtain the sensor signals.

[0019] Specifically, the following steps are included when quantizing the signal: Step 1: dividing the signal into a full-precision quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal; The signal is sampled and divided into two parts: one part is a full-precision quantized signal and the other part is a one-bit quantized signal.

[0020] Step 2: Perform full-precision quantization processing on the fully quantized signal, perform one-bit quantization processing on the one-bit signal, and save the sign information as a one-bit quantized signal.

[0021] The embodiment of the present invention uses a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to perform complete digital processing on the signal during full quantization. A one-bit quantization algorithm is applied to symbolize the real and imaginary parts of the signal, respectively, and quantize the signal into symbol information (+1 or -1).

[0022] By using one-bit quantization, only the sign information of the data is stored, and the quantized signal array is:

[0023]

[0024] in, and represent the real and imaginary parts of a complex number respectively.

[0025] S2, using the covariance matrix to calculate the quantized signal, and using the differential co-array technology to process the calculated signal to obtain a virtual signal vector; In the embodiment of the present invention, the quantized signal is calculated using the covariance matrix, including: Step 1: Calculate the fully quantized signal using the standard covariance formula; Step 2: Use the one-bit quantization covariance formula to calculate the one-bit quantized signal to obtain the one-bit quantized signal covariance submatrix elements, where the i-th and j-th signals are both one-bit quantized.

[0026]

[0027] in, represents the covariance between the signals received by the ith and jth array elements, represents the variance of the signal, represents the real part of the covariance between the signals received by the ith and jth array elements, represents the imaginary part of the covariance between the signals received by the i-th and j-th array elements In addition, the mixed quantized signal is calculated using the following formula: Among them, when the i-th signal is full-precision quantized, the j-th signal is one-bit quantized formula is as follows:

[0028] When the i-th signal is one-bit quantized, the j-th signal is full-precision quantized as follows:

[0029] In the embodiment of the present invention, the calculated signal is processed using the differential common array technology to obtain the signal covariance matrix of the virtual uniform array, including: Step 1: Calculate the differential common matrix; Assume that there is a nested linear array of M sensors consisting of two sub-arrays. The positions of the array elements are:

[0030] Where M is the number of sensors, is the number of sensors in the first subarray, is the number of sensors in the second subarray, is the distance between the i-th sensors.

[0031]

[0032] Where p and q represent the pth and qth elements of the nested linear array, respectively. NLA Represents the differential comatrix of nested linear arrays.

[0033] Step 2: Process the virtual array elements to generate a signal covariance matrix of the virtual uniform array.

[0034] In theory, the covariance matrix Rmix is ​​converted into a virtual signal vector.

[0035]

[0036] in, represents the covariance between the signals received by the ith and jth array elements; in practice, the theoretical value Rmix is ​​given by the following formula Estimate:

[0037] Where N is the number of snapshots. express The conjugate transpose of .

[0038] S3. Process the signal covariance matrix of the virtual uniform array using the MUSIC algorithm to obtain an estimation result of the direction of arrival. In this embodiment, the calculation is performed using a built-in function of matlab.

[0039] The embodiments of the present invention can be applied to the following technical fields: Wireless communications, including: Base station and mobile terminal positioning: Hybrid one-bit quantization can be used for DoA estimation of base stations and mobile terminals in wireless communication systems. By improving positioning accuracy, network coverage and resource allocation can be optimized. Beamforming: The application of hybrid one-bit quantization in wireless communication systems can improve the performance of beamforming technology, enhance signal quality, reduce interference, and increase system capacity.

[0040] Radar systems, including: Target detection and tracking: The hybrid one-bit quantization method can be used for target detection and tracking in radar systems. By improving the accuracy of DoA estimation, the accuracy of target recognition and tracking can be improved. Radar imaging: In radar imaging applications, accurate DoA estimation can enhance image resolution and clarity, thereby improving the overall performance of the radar system.

[0041] Sonar systems, including: Underwater target positioning: The hybrid one-bit quantization method is applicable to underwater target positioning in sonar systems. By improving the accuracy of DoA estimation, underwater objects or organisms can be more accurately located. Sonar imaging: In sonar imaging, accurate DoA estimation can improve the clarity and resolution of imaging and improve the detection capability of underwater environments.

[0042] Autonomous driving, including: Environmental perception: The hybrid one-bit quantization method can be applied to the environmental perception module in the autonomous driving system, which can enhance the vehicle's perception of the surrounding environment and improve driving safety by improving DoA estimation. Sensor fusion: In the autonomous driving system, the fusion of hybrid one-bit quantization with other sensor data can improve the performance and accuracy of the overall perception system.

[0043] Intelligent transportation systems, including: Traffic monitoring: The hybrid one-bit quantization method can be used for traffic monitoring and management in intelligent transportation systems. By improving DoA estimation, traffic flow monitoring and anomaly detection can be optimized. Internet of Vehicles communication: In the Internet of Vehicles, accurate DoA estimation can improve the communication effect between vehicles and enhance the stability and reliability of data transmission.

[0044] UAV systems, including: UAV positioning and navigation: The hybrid one-bit quantization method can be applied to positioning and navigation in UAV systems, improving the autonomous flight capability and navigation accuracy of UAVs by improving the accuracy of DoA estimation. UAV group collaboration: In UAV group collaboration, accurate DoA estimation can enhance the coordination and communication between UAVs and improve the efficiency and stability of group operations.

[0045] Smart sensors, including: High-precision sensor networks: Hybrid one-bit quantization is applicable to high-precision sensors in smart sensor networks. By improving DoA estimation, the data collection and processing capabilities of sensor networks can be improved. Sensor fusion: In smart sensor systems, combining hybrid one-bit quantization with other data processing techniques can improve the performance and accuracy of the overall sensor system.

[0046] Satellite communications, including: Satellite signal positioning: The hybrid one-bit quantization method can be applied to signal positioning and tracking in satellite communication systems to optimize the reception and processing of satellite signals by improving the accuracy of DoA estimation. Satellite imaging: In satellite imaging applications, accurate DoA estimation can enhance the resolution and quality of images and improve the overall performance of satellite imaging systems.

[0047] The device for estimating the direction of arrival based on hybrid one-bit quantization provided by the present invention comprises: an acquisition module, used for acquiring the signal of the sensor and performing quantization processing on the signal; a processing module, used for calculating the signal after quantization processing by using the covariance matrix, and processing the calculated signal by using the differential covariance matrix to obtain a virtual signal vector; and an execution module, used for processing the virtual signal vector by using the MUSIC algorithm to obtain an estimation result of the direction of arrival.

[0048] In some embodiments, the acquisition module includes: a first processing submodule, used to divide the signal into a fully quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal; a second processing submodule, used to perform full-precision quantization processing on the fully quantized signal, perform one-bit quantization processing on the one-bit signal, and save the sign information as a one-bit quantized signal.

[0049] In some embodiments, the processing module includes: a first execution submodule, used to calculate the fully quantized signal using a standard covariance formula; and a second execution submodule, used to calculate the one-bit quantized signal using a one-bit quantization covariance formula.

[0050] In some embodiments, the processing module further includes: a third processing submodule, configured to process the covariance matrix using a differential common array to generate a signal covariance matrix of a virtual uniform array.

[0051] The mixed one-bit quantization device of the present invention can effectively retain more signal information by combining full one-bit quantization and full-precision quantization. Through this hybrid quantization strategy, the DoA estimation accuracy is improved while avoiding the problem of information loss, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the overall estimation. The mixed one-bit quantization method provides a balance point while effectively reducing power consumption and hardware costs, combined with the advantages of full-precision quantization. This method reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs by reducing the complexity of the required hardware, while maintaining sufficient signal information to improve estimation accuracy, thereby achieving a better balance between cost and performance.

[0052] To solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer device. The computer device includes a processor, a non-volatile storage medium, a memory and a network interface connected through a system bus. Among them, the non-volatile storage medium of the computer device stores an operating system, a database and a computer-readable instruction, and the database may store a control information sequence. When the computer-readable instruction is executed by the processor, the processor can implement a wave direction estimation method based on mixed one-bit quantization. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities to support the operation of the entire computer device. The memory of the computer device may store computer-readable instructions, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor may execute a wave direction estimation method based on mixed one-bit quantization. The network interface of the computer device is used to connect and communicate with the terminal. In this embodiment, the processor is used to execute the specific contents of the acquisition module and the processing module, and the memory stores the program code and various types of data required to execute the above modules. The network interface is used to transmit data between user terminals or servers. The memory in this embodiment stores the program code and data required to execute all sub-modules in the image processing method, and the server can call the program code and data of the server to execute the functions of all sub-modules.

[0053] The present invention also provides a storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors, enables the one or more processors to execute the steps of a method for estimating a direction of arrival based on hybrid one-bit quantization described in any of the above embodiments.

[0054] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, the aforementioned storage medium can be a non-volatile storage medium such as a disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM).

[0055] It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings are displayed in sequence as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in sequence in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a part of the steps in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages, and these sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a part of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0056] The above descriptions are only partial embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] The above content is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for estimating a direction of arrival based on hybrid one-bit quantization, characterized in that: include: Acquire the signal of the sensor and perform quantization processing on the signal; The quantized signal is calculated using the covariance matrix, and the calculated signal is processed using the differential covariance matrix to obtain a virtual signal vector; The virtual signal vector is processed using a MUSIC algorithm to obtain an estimation result of the direction of arrival.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The signal is quantized, including: dividing the signal into a fully quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal; Full-precision quantization processing is performed on the fully quantized signal, one-bit quantization processing is performed on the one-bit signal, and the sign information is saved as a one-bit quantized signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of calculating the quantized signal by using the covariance matrix includes: The standard covariance formula is used to calculate the fully quantized signal; The one-bit quantized signal is calculated using the one-bit quantization covariance formula.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of using the differential common array to process the calculated signal to obtain a virtual signal vector includes: The covariance matrix is ​​processed by using the differential common array to generate the signal covariance matrix of the virtual uniform array.

5. A direction of arrival estimation device based on hybrid one-bit quantization, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module, used for acquiring a signal from a sensor and performing quantization processing on the signal; A processing module, used to calculate the quantized signal using a covariance matrix, and process the calculated signal using a differential covariance matrix to obtain a virtual signal vector; The execution module is used to process the virtual signal vector using the MUSIC algorithm to obtain an estimation result of the direction of arrival.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that The acquisition module comprises: A first processing submodule, used for dividing the signal into a fully quantized signal and a one-bit quantized signal; The second processing submodule is used to perform full-precision quantization processing on the fully quantized signal, perform one-bit quantization processing on the one-bit signal, and save the sign information as a one-bit quantized signal.

7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that The processing module comprises: A first execution submodule is used to calculate the fully quantized signal using a standard covariance formula; The second execution submodule is used to calculate the one-bit quantized signal using the one-bit quantization covariance formula.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing module also includes: The third processing submodule is used to process the covariance matrix by using the differential common array to generate a signal covariance matrix of the virtual uniform array.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the method for direction of arrival estimation based on hybrid one-bit quantization as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. A storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, wherein when the computer-readable instructions are executed by one or more processors, the one or more processors execute the steps of the method for direction of arrival estimation based on hybrid one-bit quantization as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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