Fuel cell engine system

Abstract

The invention provides a fuel cell engine system, which belongs to the technical field of cells, and comprises: an electrical module comprising a fuel cell stack used for carrying out chemical reaction on input air and hydrogen and outputting voltage, and a DC-DC converter used for carrying out high-low voltage conversion on the voltage output by the fuel cell stack and outputting the voltage to the outside; the cathode module is communicated with the cathode end of the fuel cell stack, the cathode module comprises at least two stages of cooling units, and the cooling units are used for cooling air by adopting one stage of cooling unit or two stages of cooling units in the two stages of cooling units according to the required temperature of the fuel cell stack for the air; the anode module is communicated with the anode end of the fuel cell stack, the anode module comprises a hydrogen heater, and the hydrogen heater is used for heating hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack according to the required temperature of the fuel cell stack for the hydrogen; and the at least two heat dissipation modules are communicated with the fuel cell stack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and in particular relates to a fuel cell engine system. Background Art

[0002] With the large-scale promotion and application of fuel cell engines in commercial vehicles, the demand for high-power fuel cell engines is becoming more and more urgent. As the power of fuel cells increases, the requirements for the size of fuel cell engines are becoming more stringent. At the same time, the market has also put forward higher requirements for the reliability and cost of engines.

[0003] The patent with publication number CN114188567A provides a high-power fuel cell, which has at least three layers of detachable structure, including an upper electrical module, a middle stack module and a bottom BOP module. Among them, the upper electrical module integrates at least a DC-DC converter and a high and low voltage distributor for powering the bottom BOP module; the middle stack module integrates at least a set of double-stack fuel cells stacked left and right or up and down; the power supply end of the double-stack fuel cell is connected to the input end of the high and low voltage distributor through a DC-DC converter; the bottom BOP module integrates at least a coolant control device and a gas-water separator; the coolant outlet of the double-stack fuel cell is connected to its coolant inlet through a coolant control device, and its tail gas output end is connected to an external drainage pipe through the outlet of the gas-water separator. However, the system adopts a dual-stack core, the integration is relatively low, and there are problems such as difficulty in ensuring the consistency of the dual stack and difficulty in control. The system BOP components are not highly integrated, the air compressor controller is independently designed, and the system is equipped with an independent exhaust and drainage valve, which increases the cost, greatly increases the complexity of the system, reduces the system reliability, and increases the maintenance cost and difficulty.

[0004] The patent with publication number CN116344892A provides a high power density fuel cell system, the stack module includes a core and a packaging box surrounding the side of the core, the first end plate of the core is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the second end plate is provided with a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet. The bottom surface of the packaging box is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the connecting plate, and the air compressor, intercooler, humidifier, electronic water pump, thermostat and heater are all fixed to the lower surface of the connecting plate, and the side of the connecting plate is provided with a suspended connection. The DC-DC converter is fixed to the top surface of the packaging box, the fuel cell controller and the stack throttle are fixed to the first end plate, and the ejector and the gas-water separator are fixed to the second end plate. The design of a separate connecting plate to fix the system box and BOP components, and an independent back pressure valve is provided to increase the cost and complexity. Due to its own structure, the system cannot perform hydrogen heating, humidity adjustment, high-power heat dissipation, cannot meet high power requirements, and has poor adaptability in harsh environments. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a fuel cell engine system that can solve the technical problems of using a dual-stack core, relatively low integration, difficulty in ensuring the consistency of the dual stacks, difficulty in control, poor system adaptability, inability to perform hydrogen heating, humidity regulation, high-power heat dissipation, inability to meet high power requirements, and poor adaptability in harsh environments.

[0006] The technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: A fuel cell engine system, the fuel cell engine system comprising: An electrical module, including a fuel cell stack, used to chemically react input air with hydrogen and output voltage, and a DC-DC converter, wherein the DC-DC converter is used to convert the voltage output by the fuel cell stack into high and low voltage and output the voltage to the outside; A cathode module, connected to the cathode end of the fuel cell stack, the cathode module comprising at least two cooling units, the cooling unit being used to cool the air using one cooling unit or two cooling units in the two cooling units according to the required temperature of the air by the fuel cell stack; an anode module, connected to the anode end of the fuel cell stack, the anode module comprising a hydrogen heater, the hydrogen heater being used to heat the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack according to the required temperature of the fuel cell stack for the hydrogen; At least two heat dissipation modules are in communication with the fuel cell stack, and the two heat dissipation modules are used to cool the fuel cell stack according to the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack.

[0007] In one embodiment, the cathode module comprises: an air compressor, a cooling unit and a humidifier connected in sequence; The air compressor is used to communicate with an air source; The humidifier is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack, and is used to adjust the humidity of the air.

[0008] In one embodiment, the cooling unit includes a primary intercooler and a secondary intercooler connected to each other; The first-stage intercooler is connected to the air compressor; The secondary intercooler is connected to the humidifier.

[0009] In one embodiment, the cathode module further comprises: a stack bypass valve and a humidifier bypass valve; The inlet of the stack bypass valve is connected to the outlet of the first-stage intercooler, and the outlet of the stack bypass valve is connected to the energy recovery port of the air compressor; The inlet of the humidifier bypass valve is connected to the secondary intercooler, and the outlet of the humidifier bypass valve is connected to the fuel cell stack.

[0010] In one embodiment, the cathode module further comprises: an outlet sealing valve and an inlet sealing valve; The outlet sealing valve is located between the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack and the wet air inlet of the humidifier, and the inlet sealing valve is located between the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack and the dry air outlet of the humidifier.

[0011] In one embodiment, the anode module comprises: a hydrogen heater, an integrated hydrogen pump and a water vapor separator; The inlet of the hydrogen heater is used to be connected to a hydrogen source, and the outlet is communicated with the integrated hydrogen pump, and the outlet of the integrated hydrogen pump is communicated with the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack; The inlet of the water vapor separator is communicated with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the outlet is connected to the integrated hydrogen pump.

[0012] In one embodiment, the anode module further comprises: an exhaust valve and a drain valve; The exhaust valve and the drain valve are arranged at the bottom of the water vapor separator. The exhaust valve is used to control the discharge of gas inside the water vapor separator, and the drain valve is used to control the discharge of liquid inside the water vapor separator.

[0013] In one embodiment, the heat dissipation module includes: a main heat dissipation circuit and an auxiliary heat dissipation circuit; The main heat dissipation circuit includes a main heat dissipation thermostat, a main radiator and a water pump which are connected in sequence, the inlet of the main heat dissipation thermostat is connected to the cooling outlet of the fuel cell stack, the outlet 1 of the main heat dissipation thermostat is connected to the radiator, the outlet 2 of the main heat dissipation thermostat is connected to the inlet of the water pump, and the outlet of the water pump is connected to the cooling inlet of the fuel cell stack; The auxiliary heat dissipation circuit includes an auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 1 and an auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 2; The auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 1 includes a DC-DC converter and an auxiliary heat sink, and the inlet and outlet of the DC-DC converter are both connected to the auxiliary heat sink. The inlet and outlet of the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 2 are connected to the auxiliary radiator.

[0014] In one embodiment, the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 2 includes an auxiliary water pump and an auxiliary heat dissipation thermostat; The inlet of the auxiliary radiator is connected to the outlet of the DC-DC converter heat dissipation module, the outlet of the auxiliary radiator is connected to the auxiliary water pump, one outlet of the auxiliary water pump is connected to the auxiliary heat dissipation thermostat, and the other outlet is connected to the DC-DC converter heat dissipation module; The auxiliary heat dissipation thermostat is connected to the cathode module.

[0015] In one embodiment, the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 2 further includes: an air compressor heat dissipation module and a throttle valve; The air compressor heat dissipation module is connected to the parallel inlet of the throttle valve and the outlet of the secondary intercooler, and the outlets are connected to the inlet of the auxiliary radiator after merging.

[0016] The fuel cell engine system provided by the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The fuel cell engine system provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes at least two cooling units through the cathode module. The cooling unit is used to cool the air using a first cooling unit or a two-stage cooling unit in the two-stage cooling unit according to the required temperature of the fuel cell stack for the air. Since the air has a high heat dissipation demand after being output from the air compressor, cooling the air by a single cooling unit will have a large load on the cooling unit. The large heat dissipation demand is also a great test for the main radiator. The cooling method of the multi-stage cooling unit adopted in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively reduce the load of the single cooling unit, reduce the complexity of the cooling unit design, and reduce the load of the main radiator on the vehicle end, so that the system has better reliability and adaptability. In addition, the embodiment of the present invention includes at least two heat dissipation modules by setting the heat dissipation module. The main heat dissipation module of the two heat dissipation modules is used to cool the fuel cell stack according to the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack, which can effectively reduce the flow resistance of the cooling circuit, ensure the coolant flow of the cooling circuit, and make the coolant flow of the air compressor heat dissipation circuit in the cathode module meet the working needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals generally represent like components throughout the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the fuel cell engine system structure is shown.

[0019] Figure 2 The overall assembly diagram of the fuel cell engine system is shown.

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the electrical structure of the fuel cell engine system is shown.

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the anode module of a fuel cell engine system is shown.

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the cathode module of a fuel cell engine system is shown.

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the cathode module of a fuel cell engine system is shown.

[0024] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a heat dissipation module of a fuel cell engine system is shown.

[0025] Wherein, the accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1. Hydrogen pump controller, 2. DC-DC converter, 3. Fuel cell stack housing, 4. Fuse box, 5. Fuel-electric system controller, 6. Water vapor separator, 7. Integrated hydrogen pump, 8. Hydrogen heater, 9. Inlet sealing valve, 10. Outlet sealing valve, 11. Secondary intercooler, 12. Primary intercooler, 13. Air compressor, 14. Humidifier bypass valve, 15. Stack bypass valve, 16. Humidifier, 17. Auxiliary cooling thermostat, 18. Throttle valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0027] As used herein, the term "including" and its variations mean open inclusion, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless otherwise stated, the term "or" means "and / or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "an example embodiment" and "an embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first", "second", etc. may refer to different or the same objects. Other explicit and implicit definitions may also be included below.

[0028] See also Figures 1 to 7 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell engine system, the fuel cell engine system includes: an electrical module, a cathode module ( Figure 1 cathode system in the anode module ( Figure 1anode system in the fuel cell stack) and a heat dissipation module. The fuel cell stack has a cathode end and an anode end; it includes a fuel cell stack for chemically reacting the input air with hydrogen and outputting a voltage, a DC-DC converter, and the DC-DC converter is used to convert the voltage output by the fuel cell stack into a high-low voltage and output the voltage to the outside; the cathode module is connected to the cathode end of the fuel cell stack, and the cathode module includes at least two cooling units, and the cooling unit is used to cool the air using a first cooling unit or a two-stage cooling unit in the two-stage cooling unit according to the required temperature of the fuel cell stack for the air; the anode module is connected to the anode end of the fuel cell stack, and the anode module includes a hydrogen heater 8, and the hydrogen heater 8 is used to heat the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack according to the required temperature of the fuel cell stack for the hydrogen; the heat dissipation module is connected to the fuel cell stack, and the heat dissipation module includes at least two heat dissipation modules, and the two heat dissipation modules are used to cool the fuel cell stack according to the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack.

[0029] The engine system provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes at least two-stage cooling units through the cathode module. The cooling unit is used to cool the air using a first-stage cooling unit or a two-stage cooling unit in the two-stage cooling unit according to the required temperature of the fuel cell stack for the air. Since the air has a high heat dissipation demand after being output from the air compressor 13, cooling the air by a single cooling unit will have a large load on the cooling unit. The large heat dissipation demand is also a great test for the heat dissipation module. The cooling method of the multi-stage cooling unit adopted in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively reduce the unit load of the cooling unit, reduce the complexity of the cooling unit design, and reduce the load of the main radiator of the whole vehicle, so that the system has better reliability and adaptability. In addition, the embodiment of the present invention includes at least two heat dissipation modules by setting the heat dissipation module. The two heat dissipation modules are used to cool the fuel cell stack according to the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack, which can effectively reduce the flow resistance of the cooling circuit, ensure the coolant flow of the cooling circuit, and make the coolant flow of the heat dissipation circuit of the air compressor 13 in the cathode module meet the working needs.

[0030] The cathode end of the fuel cell stack provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a cathode inlet and a cathode outlet, and the anode end includes an anode inlet and an anode outlet, wherein the fuel cell stack also has a cooling outlet and a cooling inlet, as well as a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are connected to a DC-DC converter.

[0031] In an optional embodiment, the cathode module includes: an air compressor 13, a cooling unit and a humidifier 16 connected in sequence; the air compressor 13 is used to communicate with an air source; and the humidifier 16 is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0032] In an optional embodiment, the cooling unit includes a primary intercooler 12 and a secondary intercooler 11 which are connected to each other; the primary intercooler 12 is connected to an air compressor 13 ; and the secondary intercooler 11 is connected to a humidifier 16 .

[0033] In an optional embodiment, the cathode module also includes: a stack bypass valve 15 and a humidifier bypass valve 14; the inlet of the stack bypass valve 15 is connected to the outlet of the secondary intercooler, and the outlet of the stack bypass valve is connected to the energy recovery port of the air compressor 13; the inlet of the humidifier bypass valve 14 is connected to the secondary intercooler 11, and the outlet of the humidifier bypass valve 14 is connected to the fuel cell stack.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, the cathode module also includes: an outlet sealing valve 10 and an inlet sealing valve 9; the outlet sealing valve 10 is located between the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack and the wet air inlet of the humidifier 16, and the inlet sealing valve 9 is located between the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack and the dry air outlet of the humidifier 16.

[0035] See also Figure 5 and Figure 6 The cathode system includes: an air compressor 13, a primary intercooler 12, a secondary intercooler 11, a humidifier 16, and a throttle valve. Air enters the air compressor 13 from the inlet of the air compressor 13, and the air processed by the air compressor 13 is discharged through the air outlet of the air compressor 13. The air temperature is reduced to a temperature suitable for the fuel cell stack through the primary intercooler 12 and the secondary intercooler 11. The cooled air passes through the humidifier 16 to make the air humidity reach the required temperature for the fuel cell stack to work. The humidifier 16 has a humidification bypass valve connected in parallel with it. Through the action of the humidification bypass valve, part of the air directly enters the fuel cell stack without passing through the humidifier 16. The air humidity can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the humidifier bypass valve 14.

[0036] The air after cooling and humidification enters the fuel cell stack to participate in the reaction. The outlet sealing valve 10 and the inlet sealing valve 9 are set at both ends of the air inlet (cathode inlet) and the air outlet (cathode outlet) of the fuel cell stack to seal the fuel cell stack. The air after the reaction is discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell stack. The discharged air enters the humidifier 16. Since the discharged air contains water vapor generated during the reaction of the fuel cell stack, it provides moisture for the reaction of the humidifier 16. After the air is discharged from the humidifier 16, it reaches the energy recovery interface of the air compressor 13. The switch valve at the energy recovery interface of the air compressor 13 can play the role of air path back pressure. The air entering the energy recovery port of the air compressor 13 can realize the energy recovery of the air compressor 13, save more than 10% of the energy consumption of the air compressor 13, and improve the output power.

[0037] The embodiment of the present invention uses a cathode two-stage cooling unit (dual intercooler structure) and a dual intercooler to cool the air. Since the air has a high heat dissipation requirement after being output from the air compressor 13, cooling the air by a single intercooler will impose a large load on the intercooler, and the large heat dissipation requirement is also a large test for the auxiliary radiator. The embodiment of the present invention uses a dual intercooler structure to cool the air, that is, the first intercooler 12 and the second intercooler 11 cool the air in turn. The first intercooler 12 uses the main radiator coolant for cooling, and the heat dissipation module of the second intercooler 11 uses the auxiliary radiator coolant for cooling (for example Figure 1 If the temperature of the air cooled by the secondary intercooler 11 does not reach the required temperature of the fuel cell system, the auxiliary radiator cools down the auxiliary coolant through the auxiliary thermostat ( Figure 1 The air enters the secondary intercooler 11 after passing through the auxiliary radiator thermostat. At this time, the temperature of the cooled air can be obtained through the temperature sensor. When the air temperature reaches the required temperature of the fuel cell stack, the air enters the humidifier 16 for humidification. The multi-stage intercooling cooling method effectively reduces the load of a single intercooler, reduces the complexity of the intercooler design, and reduces the heat dissipation demand of the auxiliary radiator on the vehicle end, making the system more reliable and adaptable.

[0038] The present invention can realize accurate control of cathode air temperature and humidity, that is, the secondary intercooler 11 uses auxiliary coolant to cool the air, and the auxiliary heat dissipation thermostat 17 is designed at the second inlet of the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit. The auxiliary heat dissipation thermostat 17 can realize accurate control of the coolant flow in the secondary intercooler 11, thereby controlling the cooling effect of the secondary intercooler 11, which plays an important role in the adaptability of the fuel cell stack in extreme high and low temperature environments. The present invention sets a humidifier bypass valve 14, and controls the opening of the humidifier bypass valve 14 to realize the control of the air flow through the humidifier 16, thereby realizing accurate control of the cathode air humidity.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, the anode module includes: a hydrogen heater 8, an integrated hydrogen pump 7 and a water vapor separator 6; the inlet of the hydrogen heater 8 is used to be connected to a hydrogen source, the outlet of the hydrogen heater 8 is connected to the integrated hydrogen pump 7, and the outlet of the integrated hydrogen pump 7 is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack; the inlet of the water vapor separator 6 is connected to the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the outlet is connected to the integrated hydrogen pump 7.

[0040] In an optional embodiment, the anode module also includes: an exhaust valve and a drain valve; the exhaust valve and the drain valve are arranged at the bottom of the water vapor separator 6, the exhaust valve is used to control the discharge of the gas inside the water vapor separator 6, and the drain valve is used to control the discharge of the liquid inside the water vapor separator 6.

[0041] Hydrogen flows to the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen storage tank and enters from the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen heater 8. The hydrogen heater 8 uses the heat of the cooling circuit to heat the hydrogen. The heated hydrogen enters the integrated hydrogen pump 7. The integrated hydrogen pump 7 integrates the hydrogen pump, ejector, pressure reducing valve and other components. The hydrogen passes through the integrated hydrogen pump 7 and the pressure reaches the required conditions of the fuel cell stack and enters the fuel cell stack to participate in the reaction. The remaining hydrogen and the produced water vapor after the reaction are discharged from the fuel cell stack and enter the water vapor separator 6. The water vapor is discharged from the system through the action of the water vapor separator 6, and the treated hydrogen returns to the integrated hydrogen pump 7 to realize the recovery and utilization of hydrogen.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, the heat dissipation module includes: a main heat dissipation circuit and an auxiliary heat dissipation circuit; the main heat dissipation circuit includes a main heat dissipation thermostat ( Figure 1 The auxiliary heat dissipation circuit includes an auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 1 and an auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 2; the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 1 includes a DC-DC converter 2, the inlet and outlet of the DC-DC converter 2 are both connected to the auxiliary radiator, and the inlet and outlet of the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 2 are both connected to the auxiliary radiator. In an optional embodiment, the heat dissipation circuit 2 includes an auxiliary radiator, an auxiliary water pump and an auxiliary heat dissipation thermostat 17; the inlet of the auxiliary radiator is connected to the outlet of the DC-DC converter 2, the outlet of the auxiliary radiator is connected to the auxiliary water pump, one outlet of the auxiliary water pump is connected to the auxiliary heat dissipation thermostat 17, and the other outlet is connected to the DC-DC converter 2; the auxiliary heat dissipation thermostat 17 is connected to the cathode module.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, the heat dissipation circuit 2 also includes: an air compressor 13 radiator and a throttle valve 18; the heat dissipation of the air compressor 13 and the inlet of the throttle valve 18 are connected to the cooling unit of the cathode module, and the outlets are connected to the inlet of the auxiliary radiator after merging.

[0044] See also Figure 1 The coolant after cooling in the main cooling circuit enters the water pump from the water pump inlet, is pressurized by the water pump and discharged from the water pump outlet into the fuel cell stack. The coolant dissipates heat for the fuel cell stack. The coolant is discharged from the fuel cell stack cooling outlet to reach the main cooling thermostat. The main cooling thermostat has one inlet and two outlets. One outlet allows the coolant to reach the main radiator for cooling, and the other outlet allows the coolant to directly enter the water pump without passing through the main radiator.

[0045] When the fuel cell engine system is initially started, the coolant temperature is low, so there is no need to cool it down. The main cooling thermostat controls the coolant so that it does not enter the main radiator for heat dissipation, that is, the system cooling internal circulation is performed. As the system operating coolant temperature rises, the proportion of coolant entering the main radiator is controlled according to the actual temperature, thereby achieving precise control of the coolant temperature.

[0046] The PTC heater in the main cooling circuit is used to heat the coolant when the coolant temperature is low, and the auxiliary cooling circuit 2 realizes air cooling through heat exchange between the coolant and the air. The main cooling circuit inlet and outlet are set with air conditioning warm air inlet and outlet, and the air conditioning warm air inlet and outlet are connected to the plate heat exchanger of the whole vehicle. The heat exchange with the coolant flowing out of the main cooling circuit in the plate heat exchanger realizes the heating of the car cab air conditioning, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the fuel cell engine system.

[0047] The present invention can improve the energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell engine system by setting the air conditioning warm air inlet and outlet, and achieve the reuse of the heat of the coolant of the main heat dissipation. The high-temperature coolant discharged from part of the fuel cell stack is discharged from the fuel cell engine system through the warm air inlet joint and reaches the plate heat exchanger of the whole vehicle. The plate heat exchanger is used to supply the excess heat of the fuel cell engine system to the air conditioning system of the cab, so as to achieve effective energy utilization. The present invention realizes the effective utilization of the excess heat of the fuel cell engine system and improves the energy conversion efficiency. At the same time, due to the absorption of the heat of the coolant of the main heat dissipation circuit by the plate heat exchanger of the whole vehicle, the power consumption of the main radiator is reduced.

[0048] Furthermore, the heat dissipation module of the fuel cell engine system provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes two heat dissipation circuits, namely, one is a main heat dissipation circuit and the other is an auxiliary heat dissipation circuit. The auxiliary heat dissipation circuit includes auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 1 and auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 2; auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 1 includes DC-DC converter 2, the inlet of DC-DC converter 2 is connected to the auxiliary water pump outlet and the outlet is connected to the auxiliary radiator, the inlet of auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 2 is connected to the auxiliary water pump outlet and the outlet is connected to the auxiliary radiator.

[0049] The auxiliary cooling coolant cooled by the auxiliary radiator, the auxiliary cooling coolant of the auxiliary cooling loop 1 enters the DC-DC converter 2 from the cooling inlet of the DC-DC converter 2 for cooling, and the cooling coolant is discharged from the cooling outlet of the DC-DC converter 2 and returns to the auxiliary radiator.

[0050] The auxiliary cooling coolant of the auxiliary cooling loop 2 reaches the auxiliary cooling thermostat 17 from the auxiliary radiator. The auxiliary cooling thermostat 17 has an inlet and two outlets, wherein one outlet is connected to the cooling inlet of the secondary intercooler 11, so that the auxiliary cooling coolant cools the air in the secondary intercooler 11. The outlet of the secondary intercooler 11 merges with the other outlet of the auxiliary radiator. The fuel cell engine system controls the auxiliary cooling thermostat 17 according to the air cooling demand, and then controls the coolant flow through the secondary intercooler 11 to determine the cooling effect of the air in the secondary intercooler 11. After the merging, a part of the auxiliary cooling coolant passes through the air compressor 13, and the other part passes through the throttle valve 18 and then merges with the auxiliary cooling coolant entering the air compressor 13, and is discharged from the engine system to reach the inside of the auxiliary radiator, thereby achieving the purpose of auxiliary cooling.

[0051] The present invention forms a heat dissipation circuit through the heat dissipation module of the air compressor 13 and the heat dissipation module of the secondary intercooler 11, and forms another heat dissipation circuit through the auxiliary radiator of the throttle valve 18 and finally through the pipeline of the air compressor 13. Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the heat dissipation module of the air compressor 13 is relatively small, the flow resistance of the heat dissipation circuit formed by the heat dissipation module of the secondary intercooler 11-the heat dissipation module of the air compressor 13 will be large, so that the coolant flow of the auxiliary heat dissipation is reduced. The heat dissipation module of the air compressor 13 is connected in parallel with the throttle valve 18. Through the design of the throttle valve 18 and the heat dissipation pipeline, the flow resistance of the main circuit (the heat dissipation circuit formed by the heat dissipation module of the secondary intercooler 11-the heat dissipation module of the air compressor 13) is effectively reduced to ensure the coolant flow of the main circuit, while the coolant flow of the heat dissipation module of the air compressor 13 can also meet the working needs.

[0052] The embodiment of the present invention can effectively reduce the flow resistance of the auxiliary cooling coolant in the auxiliary cooling loop of the system, increase the flow rate of the auxiliary cooling coolant of the fuel cell engine system, and improve the heat dissipation effect of the components of the fuel cell engine. At the same time, the auxiliary cooling loop 1 and the auxiliary cooling loop 2 are respectively connected to the whole vehicle, which greatly reduces the complexity of the internal pipeline layout of the engine and effectively avoids the problem of unreasonable flow distribution caused by multiple loops in parallel.

[0053] See also Figures 1 to 7 The fuel cell engine system of the embodiment of the present invention adopts an integrated design, which has a high system volume power density while achieving high power supply. The present invention also has high maintenance convenience.

[0054] The fuel cell engine system further includes: a hydrogen pump controller 1, a DC-DC converter 22, a fuel cell stack housing 3, a fuse box 4 and a fuel-electric system controller 5. The hydrogen pump controller is used to control the integrated hydrogen pump 7 in the anode module, and the fuel cell controller is used to control the working state of the fuel cell engine system and the temperature, pressure and other parameters of the fuel cell stack. The fuel cell engine system can be divided into a three-layer structure, the upper layer is the DC-DC converter and the anode module, the middle layer is the fuel cell stack and the fuel cell stack housing 3 arranged outside the fuel cell stack, and the lower layer is the cathode module and the heat dissipation module.

[0055] The upper structure of the fuel cell engine system is installed on the upper panel of the fuel cell stack shell 3 in the middle layer. The DC-DC converter 2 is located behind the upper panel and occupies most of the upper panel. The anode module is located in the front side of the upper panel and is adjacent to the DC-DC converter 2. The DC-DC converter 2 and the anode module completely occupy the upper panel, so that the upper part has a higher volume utilization rate.

[0056] The fuel cell engine system of the present invention uses a high-power single fuel cell stack, which effectively compresses the height of the fuel cell engine system while avoiding the design of distribution pipelines for a multi-stack system, eliminating the problem of uneven gas-liquid distribution in dual stacks, and effectively simplifying the structure.

[0057] The length direction of the fuel cell engine system of the present invention only includes the length of the fuel cell stack housing 3 and the fuel cell stack connector, so that the length direction of the fuel cell engine system is compressed to the maximum extent. At the same time, the connector of the fuel cell stack adopts a lateral inlet and outlet design, which effectively reduces the length direction of the connector and connecting pipeline of the fuel cell stack. The middle layer of the fuel cell stack has a relatively simple structure and has a high volume utilization efficiency.

[0058] In the lower structure of the fuel cell engine system of the present invention, the cathode module and the heat dissipation module are staggered and installed on the lower bottom surface of the fuel cell stack shell 3, and the lower structure can be divided into two parts, among which the upper part is the main pipeline structure of the cathode module and the heat dissipation module, and the pipelines with heavier weight and higher flexibility are laid flat on the bottom surface of the lower part of the middle structure. Without the need for a separate design of a fixed bracket, the rubber pipeline can be fully and firmly fixed on the bottom surface of the lower part of the middle structure of the fuel cell stack shell 3, so that the fuel cell engine system has higher reliability and a simplified and regular structure.

[0059] Part of the pipelines of the cathode module and the heat dissipation module will be embedded upward in the lower structure of the fuel cell stack housing 3, so that the height of the lower structure of the fuel cell engine system can be further compressed, and the overall pipeline is more closely attached to the fuel cell stack housing 3. The main components of the cathode module and the heat dissipation module are located in the lower part of the lower structure. The main components are fixed by brackets, installed below the pipelines and closely adjacent to the pipelines. The main components are located at the bottom of the entire fuel cell engine system, which can realize convenient maintenance of all components.

[0060] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or technical improvements in the market, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A fuel cell engine system, characterized in that: The fuel cell engine system comprises: An electrical module, including a fuel cell stack, used to chemically react input air with hydrogen and output voltage, and a DC-DC converter, wherein the DC-DC converter is used to convert the voltage output by the fuel cell stack into high and low voltage and output the voltage to the outside; A cathode module, connected to the cathode end of the fuel cell stack, the cathode module comprising at least two cooling units, the cooling unit being used to cool the air using one cooling unit or two cooling units in the two cooling units according to the required temperature of the air by the fuel cell stack; an anode module, connected to the anode end of the fuel cell stack, the anode module comprising a hydrogen heater, the hydrogen heater being used to heat the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack according to the required temperature of the fuel cell stack for the hydrogen; At least two heat dissipation modules are in communication with the fuel cell stack, and the two heat dissipation modules are used to cool the fuel cell stack according to the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack.

2. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode module comprises: an air compressor, a cooling unit and a humidifier connected in sequence; The air compressor is used to communicate with an air source; The humidifier is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack, and is used to adjust the humidity of the air.

3. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling unit includes a primary intercooler and a secondary intercooler connected to each other; The first-stage intercooler is connected to the air compressor; The secondary intercooler is connected to the humidifier.

4. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cathode module further includes: a stack bypass valve and a humidifier bypass valve; The inlet of the stack bypass valve is connected to the outlet of the first-stage intercooler, and the outlet of the stack bypass valve is connected to the energy recovery port of the air compressor; The inlet of the humidifier bypass valve is connected to the secondary intercooler, and the outlet of the humidifier bypass valve is connected to the fuel cell stack.

5. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cathode module further comprises: an outlet sealing valve and an inlet sealing valve; The outlet sealing valve is located between the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack and the wet air inlet of the humidifier, and the inlet sealing valve is located between the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack and the dry air outlet of the humidifier.

6. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode module comprises: a hydrogen heater, an integrated hydrogen pump and a water vapor separator; The inlet of the hydrogen heater is used to be connected to a hydrogen source, the outlet of the hydrogen heater is communicated with the integrated hydrogen pump, and the outlet of the integrated hydrogen pump is communicated with the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack; The inlet of the water vapor separator is communicated with the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the outlet is connected to the integrated hydrogen pump.

7. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anode module further comprises: an exhaust valve and a drain valve; The exhaust valve and the drain valve are arranged at the bottom of the water vapor separator. The exhaust valve is used to control the discharge of gas inside the water vapor separator, and the drain valve is used to control the discharge of liquid inside the water vapor separator.

8. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat dissipation module comprises: a main heat dissipation circuit and an auxiliary heat dissipation circuit; The main heat dissipation circuit includes a main heat dissipation thermostat, a main radiator and a water pump which are connected in sequence, the inlet of the main heat dissipation thermostat is connected to the cooling outlet of the fuel cell stack, the outlet 1 of the main heat dissipation thermostat is connected to the radiator, the outlet 2 of the main heat dissipation thermostat is connected to the inlet of the water pump, and the outlet of the water pump is connected to the cooling inlet of the fuel cell stack; The auxiliary heat dissipation circuit includes an auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 1 and an auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 2; The auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 1 includes a DC-DC converter and an auxiliary heat sink, and the inlet and outlet of the DC-DC converter are both connected to the auxiliary heat sink; The inlet and outlet of the auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 2 are connected to the auxiliary radiator.

9. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 2 includes an auxiliary water pump and an auxiliary heat dissipation thermostat; The inlet of the auxiliary radiator is connected to the outlet of the DC-DC converter heat dissipation module, the outlet of the auxiliary radiator is connected to the auxiliary water pump, one outlet of the auxiliary water pump is connected to the auxiliary heat dissipation thermostat, and the other outlet is connected to the DC-DC converter heat dissipation module; The auxiliary heat dissipation thermostat is connected to the cathode module.

10. The fuel cell engine system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The auxiliary heat dissipation circuit 2 also includes: an air compressor heat dissipation module and a throttle valve; The air compressor heat dissipation module is connected to the parallel inlet of the throttle valve and the outlet of the secondary intercooler, and the outlets are connected to the inlet of the auxiliary radiator after merging.

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