Propulsion system using deforming material

Abstract

An apparatus (10) includes a frame (117) supporting at least one disk member (200); the disc member (200) comprises a deformable material (100) having a uniform mass distribution; the disk member (200) is made to rotate relative to the frame (117) when the power source (150) drives the rotating mechanism (140); and when an electromagnetic field is directed relative to the frame (117) during the rotation, the deformable material (100) radially changes its mass distribution at the fixed arc ([theta] o), when the electromagnetic field is directed to a specific fixed arc ([theta] o) relative to the frame (117); moreover, a difference in centripetal forces acting as a result of a change in the mass distribution at the fixed arc ([theta] o) produces a propulsive force acting on the frame (117) in the direction of the fixed arc ([theta] o).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates generally to the field of propulsion systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to a uniform shape-shifting material that changes its mass distribution in the radial direction of specific angular arc segments due to electromagnetic fields acting on said angular arc segments. Throughout the present specification, the term "bulge" is used generically and should be interpreted equivalently as "depression", since bulges can occur in radial directions towards and away from the center of rotation, respectively.

[0002] When a mass distribution rotates in a state of dynamic and static equilibrium and rotates in a fixed frame member of reference, no wobble occurs in the fixed frame member of reference. If the mass distribution is disrupted and imbalanced, wobble occurs in the fixed frame member of reference, and if the frame is free to move in the space defined by the fixed frame member of reference, the center of mass and the mass distribution will rotate relative to each other about a barycenter point in the fixed frame member of reference. If the wobble is controlled in angular span and time - relative to a non-rotating frame of reference A - then the wobble can be turned into impulses directed in the same fixed direction in the fixed frame of reference A. In an ordinary rotating mass with an oscillating mass distribution, the center of mass B varies in radial position and also rotates with the varying mass distribution. Movement with such a configuration is generally restricted to a multi-pointed trajectory because the center of mass moves back and forth between an equilibrium mass distribution and an offset mass distribution as it rotates. The center of mass B tends to move in the direction of the larger mass distribution. However, in the present invention, if this movement tendency of the center of mass B is unitary, that is, the center of mass B does not move in any other dimension except the fixed linear radial and angular directions aligned with the impulsive oscillations, then there is a continuous tendency for the center of mass B to move in the direction of the linear momentum change ΔM.

[0003] Although such propulsion systems may be biased due to the rotation of their components, the use of only two or balanced pairs of such devices can produce unbiased linear propulsion.

[0004] like Fig.11As shown, in a governor of mass M, the mass M is lifted by angular rotations of a shaft member - against its weight Mg - and the lifting force F depends on the vertical height h of the mass M from the pivot of rotation. Therefore, the force required to lift the mass against gravity depends on the angle α, which is the angle between the arm of the governor (which rotates and holds the mass M) and the vertical axis of rotation, and the angular velocity ω of the rotation. The general relationship between the angle α and the angular velocity ω of the rotation is as follows:

[0005]

[0006] It is obvious that to reach the horizontal plane α=0 from a fixed angular orientation of the rotating arm requires a very large rotational speed ω, since the above ratio varies exponentially, i.e., as α→0, cotα→∞. The fact that the speed governor can lift a large rotating mass gives us an idea of ​​how powerful the centripetal force can be.

[0007] Assume that a rotating disk member is connected to a motor shaft member, which rotates at an angular rotational velocity ω and at a uniform torque in a fixed reference frame A, which includes the device of the present invention. Assume that the disk member has a deformable material, which is uniformly distributed around the symmetry center of rotation and is dynamically and statically balanced around the shaft member so as to rotate at a uniform angular velocity ω. Assume that the arc segment θ of the deformable material o There is a fixed incremental span, and the arc segment is deformed by an electromagnetic actuator mechanism (e.g., magnetic field and electric field). The actuator for the electric field can be a piezoelectric crystal, and the actuator for the magnetic field can be a ferrofluid. The actuation occurs at the specific angle segment θ o , the specific angle segment θ o A very small arc segment fixed relative to the frame A is formed.

[0008] Let the initial geometric centroid radius of symmetry of the mass distribution δm of the deformation arc be R 2 , and the mass distribution δm is pulsed (very quickly) to move the new geometric center radius R 2±δ. The change in energy ΔE of the mass δm ejected from the symmetric feature by the radial redistribution causes its tangential velocity to change from 2 The initial velocity V at the maximum or minimum radius R 2 The final velocity V at ±δ 2 This removes energy from the motor shaft member To keep the motion at a constant angular rotation speed ω.

[0009] This energy ΔE—which is used to rotate the mass δm from its initial tangential velocity V 1 Move to its new rotational tangential velocity V 2 ——from the electromagnetic actuator. However, the linear tangential momentum of the moved rotating mass δm undergoes a sudden change ΔM=δm(V 2 -V 1 ), this change is directed as an acceleration force to the small arc segment θ of the moved mass δm in frame A o This is the principle of the speed regulator.

[0010] If the arc segment θ o is small enough, and the actuator is actuated quickly, then the linear tangential momentum change ΔM can be directed to the arc θ o The impulsive force (impulsive force) generated by the mass distribution δm of the deformation arc segment.

[0011] In this speed regulator example, it is assumed that R 1 is the radius of the axis (for purposes that will become clear later), if the radius R of the mass M 2 Suddenly it becomes a new radius R 2 ±δ, the motor driving the governor must receive or provide the energy to keep the mass M at its new radius. This impulse-like change in the governor's rotating mass - which is confined to a specific, small angular orientation of its rotation - will produce a sudden wobble-force directed toward that angular orientation, and this wobble-force F will only move along that angular orientation θ. o - that is, in the direction of the sudden change - acts on the shaft member of the speed regulator.

[0012] If it is ensured that during its entire rotation, the radial position of the mass M of the governor - except at the angle θ o Except for the location - it is constant everywhere, then there is a oA continuous pulse force with a frequency of ω acts on the shaft member.

[0013] The oscillating mass distribution of mass distribution δm can be seen in the arc segment θ o The net motion of the whole device will then be either towards or away from the arc segment θ. o In the linear direction of Figure 1 As shown, the arc segment θ in the figure o The radial variation of the acceleration on the surface is exaggerated for illustration, and the direction of the force F is away from the smaller radius R. 2 -δ.

[0014] If the imbalance is confined to just one dimension, i.e., permanently out of balance in that direction, then the device will have the same permanent tendency to wobble in that direction only. All the wobble energy will then be directed in that direction, and the device will move in pulses in that direction.

[0015] The present invention uses a disc member - the disc member comprises a fixed radius R 2 A symmetrical and dynamically balanced deformed mass distribution of the deformed material at a location - by shifting the mass distribution of the deformed material in a fixed angular direction of the fixed reference frame member of the device to a new radius R 2 ±δ, to produce linear pulses or "pulses". The deformation is achieved by using a deformable material that can be directed by electromagnetic pulses (such as electric and magnetic fields) to rotate in a preferred angular segment θ o Internal linear "wobble" which is directionally fixed in the space S defined by the fixed reference frame A of the device.

[0016] The deformation arc segment used in the present invention can respond to electromagnetic stimulation (ie, electrical stimulation and magnetic stimulation) to shift the deformation material to cause the deformation arc segment to be only in the preferred angle segment θ. o Advantageously, the deformable material may be any material that responds to an electromagnetic field. In this case, the deformable material may be made of a solid material and of a liquid material. The solid material may be selected from: nitinol materials, piezoelectric materials that respond to changes in electromagnetic fields and temperature (changes in the electromagnetic spin moment in their structure). Advantageously, the deformable material may also be: magnetohydrodynamic fluids, which change shape due to electric and magnetic fields applied thereto.

[0017] "Electromagnetic stimulation" means magnetic stimulation or electrical stimulation, and the stimulation can also be generated by both fields. The eccentric flow of the material distribution used in the present invention does not require an eccentric mechanical trajectory to guide. The device of the present invention will not enter an unbalanced state because the stimulation is generated and induced to transform the mass distribution of the deformable material. Since the deformation is designed to be: within a given deformation arc segment pointing in a fixed direction to the space, it is like a tidal force acting on a specific deformation arc segment of the device. The deformed (shape-shifted) mass distribution is contained in a disk member that rotates with the shaft of the motor. The deformable material can also be the same material that forms the deformation arc segment. The entire disk member can also be made of the deformable material. The device constructed in this way will not enter rotational imbalance, but will enter - toward the preferred angular arc segment θ o The imbalance caused at the angular segment θ becomes a directed impulse-wobble - a motive force. However, only in the deformation angular segment θ of the device o In the direction of the rotation, there is an imbalance in the centripetal force F generated.

[0018] The disc member used may be made with a deformable material contained therein that responds to one of the electromagnetic fields. The centripetal force imbalance F generated by the imbalance θ The Moon's gravitational field - which is caused by the Moon's external gravity - acts like a tidal force, causing tides on Earth, wherein there is a fixed tidal bulge located only in the direction of the center of both Earth and Moon.

[0019] The shape-shifting material (like the oceans on Earth) rotates and - at the rotational frequency ω of the encoded motor multiplied by the number of such shape-shifting arc segments - is acted upon by the shape-shifting arc segment causation of the device. The rotational range is any desired angular velocity that the device can achieve. Due to physical limitations, the shape-shifting arc segments may be limited in the number of arc segments distributed around the disk member. However, magnetic fluids or piezoelectric materials can be used to achieve infinitely graded rotation of the shape-shifting material.

[0020] Electromagnetic tidal force EEM One or more of the deformation arc segments applied to a specific angular portion of the disc member to cause radial depression R of the deformed material 2 -δ or radial ridge R 2 +δ. The radial redistribution of the mass shape of the deformed material in a specific actuated radial direction is very fast and can vary in frequency from 50 kHz to 27 MHz, while the angular velocity ω is at a much lower frequency in the range of 0.5 kHz to 500 kHz. The rapid displacement of the deformed arc in this radial direction is designed to do work by displacing the mass distribution of the deformed material in the direction of increasing centripetal force when its radial flow increases its tangential velocity vector or in the direction of decreasing centripetal force when its radial flow decreases its tangential velocity vector. The linear tangential momentum of the moved rotating mass δm has a sudden change ΔM=δm(V 2 -V 1 ), the sudden change is directed to the small arc segment θ perpendicular to the moved mass δm o and, because this mass distribution is prevented from flying off as it changes its radius, it produces an accelerating force - which we call centrifugal force.

[0021] There are two electromagnetic forces that can be used to actuate the deformation:

[0022] a) a method of imparting a potential difference across the deformable material of the disk member The electric field.

[0023] b) a method for imparting a magnetic potential difference on the deformable material of the disk member Magnetic field.

[0024] When the deformed arc segment material passes through a moving area, it is subjected to a magnetic potential difference in the area. or potential difference It is forced to bulge or sink to a radius different from its rotational symmetry radius.

[0025] Throughout this specification, the term "ridge" is used generically and should be interpreted equivalently to "depression" because the ridges may occur in radial directions toward and away from the center of rotation, respectively.

[0026] The eccentrically deformed material rotating with the shaft member will cause a wobble in the reference frame A that is rotating the shaft member. The wobble is the result of the centrifugal and centripetal forces acting on the rotation. If the wobble is caused to be in one direction of the reference frame member A, then an approximation of a mathematical step impulse function that causes a directional wobble force in only one direction relative to the reference frame member A can be conceived. If at this point the wobble is realized to have a motion vector in a specified direction, then it is no longer a wobble, but a directional force F θ ——It has an arc segment θ in the reference frame member A o This frequency ω aligns with the momentum change force and will strengthen or weaken this force in an oscillatory manner. If the mass distribution of the deformable material is made symmetrical at all points outside the wobble-cycle, then the deviation of the radial centripetal force F at the maximum and minimum bulge will result in a radial force F at the bulge (contracted) arc segment θ o The net force F in the direction θ .

[0027] This can be achieved in two ways. In (a) above, the potential difference can act on the deformed arc segment of the disk member to change its radial shape at a specific angle orientation, thereby changing the centripetal force acting only in the radial direction. The deformed arc of the disc member can be acted on to change its radial shape at a specific angular orientation, thereby changing the centripetal force acting only in that radial direction. Both angular actuations can be made as small as possible to achieve pulsed flow only at selected angular orientations.

[0028] Advantageously, varying the angle of activation of the pulses creates a means of steering the device.

[0029] There are two ways to change the mass distribution of the deformable material of the disc member:

[0030] A) Radially changing the mass distribution of the deformed segment of the disk member. This requires that the deformed mass of the deformed segment is radially moved by activating electromagnetic forces.

[0031] B) Changing the circumferential mass distribution of the deformation arc segment of the disk member. This requires that the deformation mass of the deformation arc segment is moved circumferentially by activating the electromagnetic force.

[0032] In both cases, the deformed arc segment has the following deformed material, that is, the deformed material - through a specific angular arc segment θ o A deformation arc segment activated at - can be moved, wherein the specific angular arc segment determines the direction of the force generated by the centripetal force acting on the deformation material. Background Art

[0033] The prior art uses piezoelectric crystal motors to prescribe various different ways to generate motion using programmed oscillations of piezoelectric crystals when actuated by an electromagnetic field. There is no propulsion system that can provide linear propulsion in the space by rotation alone. Rotation and sway in the space S can be obtained by eccentric behavior of rotating components. Linear and orbital propulsion can be achieved by combustible fuels, solar wind, and ion propulsion engines. Propulsion can also be achieved using passive means, such as a gravitational sling of a spacecraft orbiting in orbit around a gravitational mass. Shape-shifting apparatus that relies on rotation to generate propulsion has not been demonstrated in the prior art.

[0034] It is well known that the centripetal force varies with the radius of rotation. This fact leads to the following eccentricities, which produce a difference in rotational torque around the center of rotation, which remains between one part of the rotating member (at a given rotation radius) and other parts of the rotating member (at different rotation radii). This is simply an imbalance of rotational torque, which causes torsion on the axis of the rotating device and may cause a deviation of the rotation orbit. However, the rotational torque cannot do work if it is orthogonal to the motion of the rotating mass that produces it.

[0035] Patent WO 2016 / 101062 shows such a device that uses dark matter. It relies on: using a mechanical link to mechanically rotate a mass on a mechanical eccentric trajectory to rotate the mass along the eccentric trajectory and generate dark matter energy. The mass sways as the axis rotates on the trajectory, and then enters the eccentric part of the trajectory to produce differences in centrifugal force on the rotating axis, resulting in orbital rotation variations. If a craft is in orbit and the eccentric mass is rotated at the appropriate time, it can use the sway to deviate the craft and cause the orbit to shift. However, this is not a propulsion system that can perform linear motion. Therefore, the force generated is periodic with the rotation, and the net work is zero. This produces many imbalances and possible sways on the spacecraft.

[0036] In the present invention, such a predefined mechanically coupled trajectory with an eccentric portion around the center is not required for a rotating mass member. The gravity slingshot - which is used for orbiting spacecraft - is an example of a radial change in the mass distribution of a spacecraft in an orbit caused by an external active field, which changes to slingshot the spacecraft tangentially along the orbit. This orbital slingshot relies on the orbital gravitational change of the spacecraft's rotational kinetic energy and the balance between the spacecraft and the gravitational field that attracts the spacecraft radially to the orbital path. The escape velocity is the orbital tangential velocity required for a given gravitational body to release the spacecraft into an elongated elliptical orbit and ultimately into the desired nearly linear trajectory.

[0037] It can be considered that this device is equivalent to a gravitational-tidal force acting on the device from its interior (actuating electromagnetic field). In a three-dimensional environment, propulsion requires multi-thrusters to propel the aircraft, and the multi-thrusters are propelled by the reaction force generated by the explosive gas. For example, in submarines and aircraft, control surfaces are required to control the aircraft, and the control surfaces provide directional thrust. A propulsion system using an encoded motor is of great significance. This propulsion system can generate directional thrust in a given direction in three-dimensional space, and the directional thrust can be controlled without manipulating the surface of the aircraft.

[0038] In the present invention, a uniformly deformed rotating disk member changes its radial direction in a specific angular arc segment θ o The mass distribution at the angle is due to ano Electromagnetic field on the disk member. No eccentric mechanical track is required to guide the mass. The device of the present invention will not go into imbalance because the deformation acts like an internally generated tidal force acting on the deformed mass distribution of the disk member. The disk member has a multiplicity of deformable arc segments that can respond to the electromagnetic field acting on it. Each deformable arc segment - the number of such arc segments multiplied by the rotation frequency ω of the encoder motor - passes through the shape-shifting region of the device. The deformable arc segment causes the deformable material to change its radial distribution on the disk member, thereby generating a directional pulse wobble. The rotation range is from 40 revolutions per second (revs) to more than 500 revolutions per second. Due to physical limitations, the number of deformable arc segments distributed around the disk member is limited. The deformable arc segments pass through the region of change at a frequency of nωkH, where n is the number of possible deformable arc segments on the disk member. Electromagnetic tidal forces are applied to one or more of the deformed arcs at specific angular portions of the periphery of the disk member to cause a depression or bulge in the deformed material. The behavior of the radial distribution of mass in the radial direction is very fast and at a frequency of 500 kHz to 27 MHz (megahertz), while the rotational speed v is much slower - at a frequency in the interval of 2 kHz to 50 kHz (kilohertz). This rapid displacement of the deformed arcs is designed to do work by displacing the mass distribution in the direction of its changing centripetal force as its radial flow changes its momentum and its velocity.

[0039] By electromagnetic force, the deformed arc material passing through the region of actuation is forced to form a bulge. Throughout this specification, the term "bulge" is used generically and should be interpreted as "depression" as it can occur in radial directions towards and away from the center of rotation. "Electromagnetic" can be interpreted as an electric potential. or magnetic potential Because: the two forces are interdependent, and - in motion - the material deforming in response to one force will generate the other force.

[0040] In all of the above, the deformation arc segments can be made of the deformation material itself. For economic reasons, the deformation material can be made of the following massive elements (such as metals, ceramics and other suitable materials), that is, the mass elements can be configured to radially transform their mass distribution using any electrical mechanism and any magnetic mechanism and any combination of these two fields. The most important aspect of the present invention is that the deformation arc segments cause radial changes in the mass distribution of the deformation material, thereby generating an impulse force that generates a kinetic force.

[0041] In its various configurations, the device can be made of fluids that are rotated by electric motors, magnetic motors, and by magnetohydrodynamic forces. The device can be powered by solar cells that provide propulsion energy to the shape-shifting material.

[0042] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a mechanism for generating directional propulsion, wherein the directional propulsion utilizes an electromagnetic field and a deformable material to generate an impulsive centripetal propulsive force.

[0043] Another object of the present invention is to provide a mechanism with directional propulsion, wherein the directional propulsion utilizes a magnetic field and a deformable material to generate a pulsed centripetal propulsion force.

[0044] Another object of the present invention is to provide a mechanism with directional propulsion, wherein the directional propulsion utilizes electric fields and deformable materials to generate propulsion force.

[0045] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a device that utilizes magnetohydrodynamic forces to convert rotational motion into linear propulsion to propel an aircraft.

[0046] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a device that utilizes electric and magnetic fields to deflect rotating flexible metallic string materials to change their mass distribution and generate centripetal propulsion.

[0047] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a device that converts rotary motion into a linear propulsion system.

[0048] Another object of the present invention is to provide a device having a shaft to generate directional propulsion for a spacecraft in space S, wherein the shaft is powered by one of solar energy, a battery pack, and an engine.

[0049] Another object of the present invention is to provide a device that can be used to propel an aircraft in three-dimensional space.

[0050] Another object of the present invention is to provide a device that can be used to propel an aircraft in three-dimensional space without the need for lifting surfaces.

[0051] It is another object of the present invention to provide a device that can be used to propel a vehicle in three-dimensional space without the use of steering vanes.

[0052] Another object of the present invention is to provide a device that can be used inside a submarine without contacting the water to propel the submarine in the three-dimensional ocean without the use of turning blades.

[0053] Another object of the present invention is to provide a device that can be used inside a submarine to reduce any noise pollution.

[0054] Another object of the present invention is to provide a device that can be used internally to propel a flying vehicle, which may also be a road vehicle.

[0055] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a device that can be radially scaled to provide greater propulsion in a gravity-free environment.

[0056] Another object of the present invention is to provide a device that can be powered by a motor to generate directional propulsion.

[0057] It is another object of the present invention to provide a device that can provide a propulsion force that can counteract the gravitational field.

[0058] Another object of the present invention is to provide a device that can be used internally to reduce any noise pollution inside a submarine.

[0059] A final object of the invention is to provide a device that can be used internally to reduce any noise pollution in an aircraft. Summary of the invention

[0060] The present invention achieves the above objectives and other objectives that may be ascertained from a fair reading and interpretation of the entire specification.

[0061] The present invention relates to a uniformly deformed rotating disk member, which changes its mass distribution at a specific angular segment in the radial direction due to an electromagnetic field acting on the angular segment. No eccentric mechanical track is required to guide the mass. The device of the present invention will not enter imbalance because the deformation is like a tidal force acting on the deformed mass distribution of the disk member. The disk member has a plurality of deformed arc segments, which can respond to the electromagnetic field acting on it. Each deformed arc segment - the number of such arc segments multiplied by the rotation frequency of the encoder motor - passes through the deformation zone of the device. Electromagnetic tidal forces are applied to one or more of the deformed arc segments at a specific angular portion of the periphery of the disk member to cause a depression or bulge in the deformed material. The behavior of the radial distribution of mass in the radial direction is very fast and at a frequency of 500kH to 27MHz (megahertz), while the rotation speed is much slower - at a frequency in the range of 2KH to 50KH (kilohertz). This rapid displacement of the deformed arc is designed to do work by displacing the mass distribution in the direction of its increasing centripetal force as its radial flow increases its velocity.

[0062] By electromagnetic force, the deformed arc material passing through this actuation region is forced to form a bulge. Throughout this specification, the term "bulge" is used universally and should be interpreted equivalently as "depression", because the bulge can occur in the radial direction towards the center of rotation and away from the center of rotation, respectively.

[0063] A good model for the present invention is the tidal force exerted by the moon on the ocean. The following table shows a comparative model:

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] The two models can be easily compared using Table 1.

[0067] The gravitational tidal forces of the moon (field source) acting on the rotating earth (rotating disk member) with the deformed ocean (deformed arc segment) can be imagined as acting against the gravitational tension of the earth (internal molecular forces) that holds the deformed ocean on the rotating earth. This can be compared to the deformed material (ocean) having tensile strength due to its atomic structure (gravity) holding its parts together on the rotating disk member (earth). Therefore, in this analogy, the tensile strength of the material of the disk member is equivalent to the gravitational field of the earth that holds the ocean together, and the deformed material can be compared to the ocean. The deformed ocean arc segment in the tide on the rotating earth (disk member) is equivalent to the deformed arc segment on the rotating disk member of the device of the present invention.

[0068] In the present invention, the topological bulge "or contraction" of the deformed arc segment does not rotate with the disc member. Like the tidal bulge, the bulge "or contraction" of the deformed arc segment is designed to remain at a small relative angular position - the same as the force that produces it. For simplicity, we will only discuss the bulge of the disc member; however, during rotation, the same effect in the opposite direction can be obtained by the depression of the disc member.

[0069] Advantageously, the disk member can be made with a deformable material using a stacked piezoelectric crystal actuator that oscillates with an electric field in a specific manner to keep its mass element oriented at the same angle during rotation. The piezoelectric crystal can be made to oscillate in a variety of directions and shapes, depending on the loading of its oscillation frequency in the circuit. The same effect can be achieved by a ferromagnetic fluid containing the deformable material in the disk member when the directional pulse is actuated by a magnetic field. Therefore, the deformable arc segment can be imagined as countering any rotation vector as its radial position increases and decreases to obtain a net displacement in a fixed radial direction in the reference frame member O. This can be achieved by programming the movement to perform the movement relative to the rotation rate of the disk member.

[0070] When the massive elements having such deformable materials reach a particular angular orientation during rotation, its mass distribution can be changed to a new radial position and then allowed to return to a relaxed symmetrical state when the next deforming force is applied to the next arc segment of the disk member to repeat the cycle. The tidal bulge of the Earth always exists on the line connecting the center of the Earth and the center of the Moon, where the gravitational field of the Moon acts on this line. In a similar manner, the bulge of the deformable disk member also always exists in a preferred angular direction in the rotation plane of the disk member, where an electromagnetic field is applied in the preferred angular direction. The electromagnetic field that causes the bulge of the disk member is equivalent to the gravitational field of the Moon that causes the bulge of the ocean. The bulge of the deformable ocean arc segment is a model that is equivalent to the bulge of the deformable arc segment of the present invention.

[0071] In the present invention, the force generating the bulge on the disk member is generated by an electromagnetic field, which causes the deformed material of the disk member to be distributed away from or toward the center of the disk member. In the Earth-Moon-Ocean model, the force generating the tidal bulge is generated by the attractive gravitational force between the ocean and the moon, thereby also directing the tidal bulge in the radial direction of the rotating Earth.

[0072] Note that for the Earth-Moon system to remain in a stable orbit, the centrifugal force created by the spinning Earth must balance the gravitational pull between the Moon and the tidal bulges of the oceans above the spinning Earth.

[0073] Note that the centrifugal and centripetal forces generated by the rotating disk member balance the electromagnetic stretching forces acting on the deformed arc segments of the rotating disk member. In a common reference frame configuration for the Earth-Moon system, the gravitational stretching forces between the Moon and the Earth remain constant and spread over a small angle. As the Earth rotates, the bulge always points to the same line connecting the Moon and the Earth.

[0074] The tensile force of the deformed arc segment material between the center of the disk member and the applied magnetic field E causing the bulge is also directed at a specific angle θ in their common reference frame O. o . In the present invention, the electromagnetic source that generates the "tide" (the bulge of the deformed arc segment) is also outside the deformed arc segment of the disk member. The moon is not located inside the earth to generate its "tide". The moon is located outside. In the present invention, the electromagnetic source that generates the "tide" (the bulge of the deformed arc segment) is also outside the deformed arc segment of the disk member, but acts on the inside of the deformed arc segment of the disk member. Changing this electromagnetic field is equivalent to changing the control of the earth's gravitational field on the tide. By changing the electromagnetic field of the deformed arc segment, the radial distribution of the deformed material can be changed to the bulge on the disk member, and the deformed arc segment is allowed to increase or decrease its radial mass distribution relative to the rotation of the disk member in a given selected direction. By changing the earth's gravitational field, the radial mass distribution of the ocean tidal bulge can be changed, and this will increase or decrease its radial tidal mass distribution relative to the rotating earth. However, it must be noted that changing the gravity of the earth or the moon will cause a relative change in the radial orbit, thereby generating a force that moves away from its geometric center of rotation. This results in an increase in torque if the rotational speed of the disc member is constant.

[0075] In this device, there are no external orbiting forces acting other than those generated by the actuator mechanism and the rotation of the disc member portions. The angular rotational velocity at any point on the ridge - relative to the applied activation angle of the ridge - remains constant over time. Since the ridge is radially implemented, the mass elements of the deformed arc segment are continuously affected by the same shape of the ridge, which remains independent of the rotation. Therefore, all mass elements of the disc member must undergo a ridge process. Therefore, just as an ocean tidal wave has little or no rotation vector acting on it from the rotating earth in the tangential direction of the earth's rotation (except for a small gravitational drag and a small frictional drag), the ridge of the deformed arc segment is static and has little or no rotation vector acting on it (except for a small electromagnetic drag in the tangential direction of the rotating disc member). This bulge (shape) does not rotate with the motor shaft, but it produces a tensile force that - as the mass-type element passes through it - tends to pull the mass toward the top of the tidal direction. If there is nothing blocking the axis, there will be a reaction to this radial displacement action that tends to move the axis back to symmetry with the bulge. The centripetal force of the deformed arc segment that is passing through the bulge is different from the centripetal force in the "un-bulged" area. In fact, these forces around the axis are generally balanced, except at the bulge, which produces a directional force difference F that is only oriented at this specific angle of rotation. This force difference F is not offset by the reaction of the bulge force. It is a real force. The mass on the entire disk structure will always be in perfect rotational balance, just as the earth - with respect to time - is always in rotational balance, even in the presence of tidal bulges. As long as the centripetal force of the imbalance is greater than the force exerted by the reaction on the shaft, and if the imbalance created at the center of gravity is nullified by a pair of symmetrical disc members on the same frame, then there will be a net force acting on the device in the direction of the bulge and this can be used for propulsion.

[0076] In this Earth-Moon model, the centripetal radial force that holds them together in a nearly circular orbit balances the centrifugal force generated by the Earth's tides. Unlike the Earth-Moon model, an electromagnetic tidal force is generated on the disk member without an external source of rotating centrifugal forces that counters and offsets the centrifugal forces generated by the bulge around an external center (such as the center of the Earth-Moon system's orbit). Therefore, the device will always have a net degree of freedom to move along the moment ray consisting of the change in velocity of the displaced mass distribution of the deformation arc segment - the mass of which is in the θ o In the direction of the linear moment difference, there is an attractive force of the rotating disk member to migrate in the direction of the continuous flow of its material. This force F causes a net movement of the entire device in that direction. It can be imagined that the bulge of material due to electromagnetic energy is like an external gravitational field that is continuously imparted to the mass of the deformed arc segment, but unlike the Earth and the Moon, which orbit each other and are held in a "fixed" orbit by centrifugal force, there is no force that prevents the device from migrating in the radial direction of the mass flow.

[0077] When compression (pressure) or tension (tension) is applied to a deformable material (such as ceramic piezoelectric crystals and ferrofluids), the magnetic potential Formed over the entire surface of the deformable material, the magnetic potential is generated by the deviation of the ionic structure of its molecules from the equilibrium state. Conversely, when one of the electromagnetic fields is applied to the deformable material, the deformable material responds by radially extending (elongating) or radially contracting, thereby generating a force.

[0078] If the piezoelectric material is used for shape-shifting, there is a longitudinal mode effect (deformation and potential) The invention relates to a method for deforming a material in a manner that is colinear (colinear, and the applied potential is linear) and a transverse mode effect (deformation is perpendicular to the potential). A cycle of these two modes can be designed to induce - by manipulating the electromagnetic field applied to the surface of the crystal - a specific oscillation of the dimensions of the material to allow a predefined shape of the deformed material to be achieved. This defined motion occurs in three states of the deformed material, namely a relaxed normal state, a contracted state, and an extended state.

[0079] Similarly, when compressive forces (pressure) or tensile forces are applied to a magnetic deformable material, a resistive electromagnetic field is formed across the surface of the material, the resistive electromagnetic field being generated by the deviation of the ionic structure of its molecules from an equilibrium state. Conversely, when an electromagnetic field is applied to the magnetic deformable material, the magnetic deformable material responds by extending (elongating) and contracting, thereby generating forces. When a disc material member, which includes a magnetic fluid composed of magnetic material particles (such as iron filings), is held between two disks, the rotation of the disks can generate rotation of the disc material member. This rotation imparts a centripetal force F on the deformable disc material. The sudden directional change in the radial mass and density distribution of the disc material member will produce a loss or gain of momentum of the disc material member in the direction of the change, thereby causing a deceleration or acceleration of the device. This change must occur at a given fixed angular orientation to the overall space of the rotation.

[0080] When a rotating magnetic fluid consisting of magnetic particles suspended in a fluid suddenly encounters a magnetic field along a segment of a cord of a rotating disc-like material member to hinder the radial outward flow of the magnetic particles in a specific rotational angular segment at a radius that is now smaller than the original rotational radius of the magnetic particles, a sudden change in momentum is produced, which must be transferred by the fluid to frame A. The centripetal force is reduced due to the smaller radial flow, and the deceleration of the magnetic particles in the cord segment will transfer the momentum of the magnetic fluid particles to the magnetic field at the radial dispositions of the cord segment. The motor provides rotational energy to the magnetic particles in the initial position. This motor rotational energy is transferred to a sudden linear motion along the magnetic field on the cord segment and causes the magnetic particles to flow along the cord segment along which the magnetic field is applied. Note that the magnetic field force is attractive to the magnetic material and this attractive energy is additive to the motor rotational energy acting on the magnetic particles encountering the magnetic field. The rotational motion now becomes a linear motion along the magnetic field on this string section.

[0081] For convenience, if a magnet is placed on a string segment that defines a small angle orientation of the disk member, the deformable material of the disk member will be attracted to the string segment - away from the larger rotation radius. In the area of ​​the applied magnetic field, the magnetic particles impart a decreasing centripetal force on the magnetic field in the radial direction until the magnetic particles reach the center of the string segment perpendicular to the radial direction, and then continue to act in this way - but impart an increasing centripetal force on the magnetic field in the radial direction - until the magnetic particles reach the end of the string segment. Therefore, the motor continuously transfers momentum to the magnetic field in the direction of the string segment. In essence, this process can be regarded as a thruster (pressure) of the magnetic particles impacting the magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the entry segment of the string.

[0082] In both types of deformable materials, magnetic and non-magnetic, deformation occurs, resulting in a change in the dimensions of the material in a preferred direction. Therefore, such materials are referred to as "deformable materials." Any material that deforms rapidly can be used to construct the device 10 and its components.

[0083] In general, when a deformable material is made of piezoelectric crystals, its response to an electric field is caused by an external electromagnetic field that changes the charge center of the material's normally neutral ionic structure. This triggers the reorganization of the ionic lattice into a specific "poled" shape. This "poling polarity" determines the behavior of the deformable material. Magnetic poling is also effective. When using ferromagnetic materials, the inherent magnetic moment in the material can be affected by an external magnetic field. The deformable material undergoes a polarization hysteresis loop (or electrochemical loop and magnetization loop) when it is activated and then relaxed.

[0084] In a similar manner, magnetic semisolids, magnetic fluids and piezoelectric crystals also undergo the same process. Although the foregoing describes a deformable material that forms the disk member, it does not prevent people from using a disk member that can change shape fluidly through the application of an external field that can affect the material. These external fields include electric fields, magnetic fields, and electromagnetic fields. Every aspect of the present invention is equally applicable to all deformable materials. Therefore, deformation technology means that any fast deformation material (microsecond response time) can be used to manufacture the disk member described in the foregoing of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0085] Various other objects, advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following discussion taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0086] Figure 1 Two disc members are shown with deformation arc segments made of massive members containing small deformation materials used to move the mass circumferentially to produce radial changes in its mass distribution.

[0087] Figure 2 Two disk members with magnets mounted on a frame member and powered by a motor are shown, the magnets being placed near the disk members to form a chord section that acts as a preferred angular deformation arc section for a ferrofluid within the disk members. The magnetic field acting along the chord section of the disk member attracts the magnetic mass distribution of the magnetic particles as they rotate in the disk member, thereby causing a change in the radial distribution of the magnetic particles.

[0088] Figure 3 An exploded view of the device is shown with a magnetic actuation disk member.

[0089] Figure 4 The radial variation and material flow are shown as electromagnetic forces act on the magnetically deformable material to redistribute the mass of magnetic particles in the ferrofluid in the disk member at the deformation arc segments.

[0090] Figure 5 An enlarged disk member is shown with ferromagnetic material - an angular arc segment θ along a chord segment of the disk member o ——Flow. Magnetic field E M Caused by - in reducing the radius R 2 -δ and the original symmetry radius R 2 In between - a depression tidal force The concave tidal force is generated in the angular segment θ of the deformable material o Thus, a linear kinetic force is generated due to the deceleration (braking) of the particles from the larger radius flow.

[0091] Figure 6 The magnetic field is shown, which forces the ferrofluid to flow toward the magnetic field and deviate from the circular flow, thereby causing a change in acceleration in the radial direction. The resulting force causes a centrifugal pulse force in the arc segment. And energy is transferred from the deformed arc segment to the magnetic field frame member.

[0092] Figure 7 A double disc member is shown attached to the axle of a vehicle. The deformable arc segments are made of electromagnetically active material and are subjected to an applied potential. The figure shows a brush which transmits current from an electrical power source to the deformed arc segment.

[0093] Figure 8 The disc member is shown to be made of a piezoelectric material, which is used as the deformation material.

[0094] Fig. 9 The disc member is shown with a radial arrangement of the disc member and the shaft member.

[0095] Fig.10 A single circumferentially actuated deformation arc is shown. The actuated deformation arc of the disc member is shown with a reduction in radius of sectors S1S2, and an increase in radius of sectors S2S1 of a radial edge actuated disc member.

[0096] Fig.11 Shows the centrifugal force acting on a speed governor.

[0097] Fig.12 Shown are centrifugal forces acting on two disc members which may be activated by an electromagnetic pulse to increase the diameter of the disc members, thereby changing the directional centripetal forces on the disc members.

[0098] Fig.13 A typical arrangement of the device is shown in a flying car chassis capable of defying gravity.

[0099] Fig.14 It is shown how to construct such a flying vehicle using a wheel incorporating the disc member.

[0100] Fig.15 A typical configuration of a motor, the disc member, a power source and a controller for a road and air vehicle is shown.

[0101] Fig.16 The deformation arc of the disc member - when actuated by an electromagnetic field - and the two sectors P are shown. o and P 1 The overall relationship. 1 is shown to expand to a ratio of P o Larger radius and provides for annular sectors P 1The formula for the center of mass of . The offset δ of the geometric center of the annular sector is shown.

[0102] Fig.17 Shows how a spacecraft frame can be made with multiple pairs of disk members powered by motors using solar panels.

[0103] Fig.18 Shown in accordance with Fig.17 The configuration of the spacecraft shown can fly in any direction in space and can quickly change direction by orienting the activation segments of the multi-disc member configuration.

[0104] Fig.19 An aircraft is shown which uses the device as a propulsion engine.

[0105] Fig. 20 A model of the apparatus is shown as a tidal system, such as the Earth-Moon system.

[0106] Fig.21 An example is shown of how a satellite can be deflected from a circular orbit of large radius to an orbit of smaller radius and accelerated in orbit by the gravitational field imparted by the attraction of the moon.

[0107] Fig. 22 A motor-free magnetohydrodynamic drive system for the device is shown. When current flows to electrodes with opposite polarity and a magnetic field acts to push the fluid to move in a rotational flow around the disk member, the fluid rotates by magnetohydrodynamic propulsion. When the current encounters an angular segment with opposite polarity, the fluid is repelled and heavy ions are radially displaced to cause a centripetal change in the specified force.

[0108] Fig.23 The typical components required for the magnetohydrodynamic propulsion system are shown.

[0109] Fig.24 The distribution of electric field charge around a magnetohydrodynamic version of the device is shown.

[0110] Fig.25 The magnetohydrodynamic propulsion drive is shown assembled, with a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the fluid components, magnetic field and electric field conductors. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0111] As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples of the present invention, which can be embodied in a variety of different forms. Therefore, the specific structural details and functional details disclosed herein should not be interpreted as limiting, but only as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art to diversify the present invention in almost any appropriately detailed structure.

[0112] Referring now to the drawings, like features and characteristics of the present invention illustrated in the various drawings are designated by like reference numerals.

[0113] refer to Figures 1 to 25 , for purposes of explanation only, the following definitions apply:

[0114] 1. The device 10 is oriented in a reference frame member O with three perpendicular axes x, y, z defining a space S[x, y, z]. The x and z axes are taken as horizontal axes - relative to the device - in the [x, z] plane, and the y axis is taken as the vertical axis.

[0115] 2. The axis of the shaft member 103 is centered for rotation about [x, z] and is preferably symmetrical across its span on either side of the encoder motor 140 to which it is attached.

[0116] 3. In space S, these axes - relative to the terms "vertical" and "horizontal" - are considered to be non-directional.

[0117] 4. The vertical symmetry plane refers to: the [y, z] and [x, y] rotation planes of the disk member 200 centered on the rotation plane of the disk member 200 .

[0118] 5. The horizontal symmetry plane refers to a horizontal plane [x, z] passing through the rotation axis of the shaft member 103 .

[0119] 6. In the absence of a gravitational field G in space S, the word "vertical" has no meaning and is therefore used only descriptively with reference to O, i.e., the vertical orientation along the y-axis.

[0120] 7. Polarization field should mean: electromagnetic field V P , which is applied to the deformable material 100 during the manufacturing process to cause a deviation in its electromagnetic structure, thereby generating a directional electromagnetic field E in the deformable material 100 .

[0121] 8. The deformation material 100 shall mean any material (such as piezoelectric material and ferrofluid material) which can be polarized by an electromagnetic field and polarized by a magnetic field or an electric field and has at least the following characteristics:

[0122] a) The deformable material 100 is a radially uniform material when rotated as intended.

[0123] b) The electromagnetic field E can cause the deformable material 100 to contract or expand from a rotationally symmetric radial position.

[0124] c) The deformation material 100 may be retained within the disc member 200 .

[0125] By the above arrangement, three vertical axes are defined in the reference frame member O of the device 13.

[0126] d) The shape-changing material 100 can be a piezoelectric crystal activated by an electric field, or a ferromagnetic fluid actuated by a magnetic field.

[0127] By the above arrangement, three vertical axes are defined in the reference frame member O of the device 13.

[0128] The axes x, y, z define a space S[x, y, z], such that Fig.13 and Fig.14 As shown. The shaft member 103, which is axially located on the x-axis, rotates symmetrically on the [x, y] plane. Each shaft member 103 holds two parallel disk members 200 to rotate with the axial center of the shaft member 103, and the two parallel disk members 200 are symmetrically placed on opposite sides of the encoder motor 140. Each disk member 200 has a deformable material 100, which can be activated on the deformable arc segment 106. Each shaft member holds two disks. Each disk member is in dynamic and static balance around the shaft member 103.

[0129] To prevent rotation about the Z-axis, the two disc members are placed to rotate on the same shaft member 103 in distally parallel [y,z] planes perpendicular to the xz-plane.

[0130] The disk member 200 is positioned symmetrically at equal distances ±X around the origin x=0, z=0 in parallel planes [+X, y] and [-X, y], wherein Thus, the shaft members 103 can be placed in various positions forming a symmetrical pattern around the origin, depending on their x, z coordinates. The distance ±X from the origin of the disc member is determined by the array of shaft members 103 for a given device 10. The shaft members 103 can be made to form: a set of two shaft members 103 in parallel, three shaft members 103 arranged in a triangle around the point x=0, z=0, four shaft members 103 arranged orthogonally around the point x=0, z=0, and many other possible geometric shapes around the origin.

[0131] The distance X is not critical except to ensure that there is no interference between the shaft members 103 and the disc member 200. The number of shaft members 103 is determined by the configuration selected for the device 10 and the desired motion that is desired to be performed. The distance X, when used to propel the carrier C, can be adjusted to allow the desired dynamic response of the device 10 to be achieved.

[0132] The disk member 200 with the deformable material 100 can rotate freely in the [+X, y] and [-X, y] planes, which are perpendicular to the [x, z] rotation of the shaft member 103. Advantageously, the array of deformable arc segments 106 forms a symmetrical, statically and dynamically balanced radial array at the origin of the space S[xyz]. Advantageously, the array of active arc segments 106 forms a symmetrical circular array on the rotation axis of any disk member 200.

[0133] In some versions—when using a fluid material—the disc member includes a disc member cavity 200b that can be sealed with a disc member cover 200a to form a uniform disc member 200 containing the deformation material 100.

[0134] A device 10 is disclosed, the device comprising a pair of rotating disk members 200, the pair of rotating disk members 200 holding a deformable material 100, the deformable material 100 having special properties for - when an electromagnetic field is applied to the following angular segment θ o When - changes shape, the angle arc segment θ o The device 10 functions as a propulsion system for a vehicle C in space S and also functions as a propulsion system for a vehicle C in a gravitational field G. The device 10 requires energy from an encoder motor 140. If an electric motor is used, the motor is powered by an external power source 150 such as a battery pack, fuel, solar panels, and other forms of mechanical energy sources. The shaft member can be powered by a conventional electric motor as well as a conventional motor using hydrocarbon fuel.

[0135] Pairs of multiple groups of rapidly rotating symmetrical static and dynamically balanced disk members 200 are rotated by the shaft member 103 of the encoder motor 140. The disk member 200 has a deformable material 100, which has a deformable property and is induced by an electromagnetic field E to preferably change the mass symmetry of the disk member 200, thereby generating a directional torque and causing propulsion in a given direction. Each pair of disk members 200 is symmetrically positioned in a reference frame member O of the device to rotate in a parallel plane perpendicular to the axis of its shaft member 103. The reference frame member O can be in a space S or in a gravitational field G.

[0136] Preferably, each pair of disk members 200 is symmetrically arranged relative to the encoder motor 140. The disk member 200 contains a deformable material 100 that can be made into a plurality of deformable arc segments 106, and the plurality of deformable arc segments 106 can also be infinitely finely divided into fluids, such as when the disk member contains a deformable material 100 such as a ferrofluid and a piezoelectric material. The disk member can be divided into a plurality of deformable arc segments 106, each of which subtends a small radial arc θ o . Therefore, each disc member 200 must have a deformable material 100 that can be finely angularly graded into electromagnetically actuated deformable arcs 106. In general, the finer the gradation of the deformable arcs 106 that can be achieved, the better the device 10 operates for its intended purpose. The goal is to generate an angularly directed impulse force that can be repeatedly generated at a specific angle selected for the propulsion direction of the device 10. Therefore, if the disc member 200 holds a ferromagnetic material, then - before activation of the deformable arcs 106 - this material should be finely and uniformly granulated to achieve a well-defined uniform mass distribution.

[0137] The deformable material 100 of each disc member 200 is oriented at a specific angle θ o , thereby forming a deformation arc segment 106 so as to change shape radially or circumferentially in only this angular position in the reference frame member O. During the formation of the disk member 200, the deformation arc segments 106 can be realized as separated segments of the deformation material 100 so as to prevent one deformation arc segment 106 from affecting another deformation arc segment 106 when the electromagnetic field E is applied to one deformation arc segment 106. If the disk member contains a deformation material 100 such as a magnetic fluid (for example, a ferrofluid), the stages of the deformation arc segments 106 can be infinite in number. The deformation arc segment 106 with a radius R 1 The deformation arc segment has a radius contact surface 101 and a radius R 2 The inner radius R of the deformed arc segment outer radius contact surface 102 forms a part of the annular disk member 200. 1 - when no shaft member 300 passes through the deformable material 100 - can be varied from the shaft radius to zero. Grading of the array of deformable segments 106 is desirable if electrical stimulation is used to prevent one deformable segment 106 from affecting another. This situation occurs when piezoelectric material is used for individual arrays of deformable segments 106.

[0138] Advantageously, the array of deformable arc segments 106 forms a symmetrical, statically and dynamically balanced array in the reference frame member O. The pair of electromagnetically reactive disk members 200 may be made of a disk member that encloses the array of deformable arc segments 106, the array of deformable arc segments 106 having a radial polarization direction relative to its rotation axis when each deformable arc segment 106 is implemented to function as a polarized deformable material 100. The disk member 200 is attached to the shaft member 103 to rotate with the shaft member 103 in a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis. The disk member 200, after being formed with the deformable material 100, is in a rotationally, dynamically and statically balanced state with the shaft member 103 and the encoder motor 140. Therefore, when the deformable arc material 100 is a ferromagnetic material (such as black iron oxide Fe) held in suspension in a fluid (such as kerosene), the disk member 200 is in a state of rotationally, dynamically and statically balanced with the shaft member 103 and the encoder motor 140. 3 O 4 When the disk member 200 is made of a ferrofluid, the disk member 200 has a continuous array of an infinite number of deformable arc segments 106. Materials suitable for the deformable material 100 include: ferrofluid (such as Fe 3 O 4 Chemical structure of black iron oxide), piezoelectric materials (such as ceramic piezoelectric materials, and PZT materials from Ceram Tec, and PMN-PT materials from Noliac). These deformable materials 100 can be accommodated in the disk member 200. Currently, there are five types of deformable materials 100 (materials that respond to pressure and tension caused by electromagnetic fields): electromagnetic fluids, ferrofluids, magnetic solid suspensions, piezoelectric materials made of ceramic composites, polymers, and single crystal materials. Deformable single crystal piezoelectric materials have generally stronger deformation characteristics and can be easily made into materials suitable for this application. Other types of deformable materials can be composed of composite metals (such as Nitinol composites) that can respond to electromagnetic currents when cooled and heated.

[0139] Single piezoelectric material crystals such as lead titanate [PbTiO3] and lead nickel niobate (PNN) [Pb(Ni1 / 3Nb2 / 3)O3] are widely used materials in the manufacture of deformation materials 100 for special encoder motor applications. PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) is a semi-crystalline polymer with high energy density and contains about 48% crystals embedded in a polymeric matrix. They are easy to shape and have elasticity. They are suitable for surfaces such as disks and spheres. In these materials, their deformation is the result of orientation polarization of molecular dipoles. These polymers include polyimide and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC).

[0140] An external magnetic field generated by the magnet M can be applied to control the flow of the ferrofluid and its fluid movement within the disk member 200. The ferrofluid can conveniently serve as the shape-changing material 100 of the present invention. The ferrofluid can move as a single component fluid acting within the disk member 200.

[0141] The disk member 200 is preferably an annular disk with deformed arc segments 106 having radial outer boundary surfaces equally distributed in a symmetrical array about the center of rotation.

[0142] In the case of an electrically reactive deformation material 100, for example, the disk member 200 can be manufactured directly by using a suitable deformation material 100, such as ceramic piezoelectric materials and standard actuators from Ceram Tec, PZT materials from Noliac and PMN-PT materials from the company Noliac.

[0143] The disk member 200 is preferably made of suitable lightweight materials such as aluminum and other polymeric materials. The disk member 200 may be embedded or filled with the deformable material 100 to form small free-standing deformable arc segments 106 having high energy density, containing about 10%-90% deformable material 100.

[0144] During the formation of the disk member 200, the deformable arc segments 106, if made of electrically active materials, can also be separated from each other by very thin-walled boundary gap materials 110 (hundreds of microns). The boundary gap materials 110 can be: non-conductive and non-magnetic elastic materials (such as highly flexible non-conductive silicone) and other types of epoxy resins. The boundary gap materials 110 can prevent one deformable arc segment 106 from affecting the other deformable arc segment 106 when the electric field E is applied to one deformable arc segment 106 but not the other. The deformable arc segment 106 is formed with a radius R 1 The inner radius contact surface 101 and the radius R of the deformation arc segment 106 2 The outer radius of the deformation arc segment 106 of the contact surface 102 is in the shape of an annular disk.

[0145] The deformed arc segment 106 may have an inner radius contact surface 101 that can be connected to a concentric cylindrical electromagnetic conductive ring in an electromagnetic and conductive manner, and the electromagnetic conductive ring acts as a potential Input - common activation contact ring 105. The common activation contact ring 105 can be attached to the deformation arc inner radius contact surface 101 by using a metallized coating or an electromagnetic conductive glue (such as silver paste soldering). Silver paste only needs very low heat to fuse the common activation contact ring 105 to the deformation arc 106. Some Kynar TM Materials and other conductive tapes can be used to attach the common activation contact ring 105 and the arc segment activation inner radius contact surface 101, respectively. Dycotec Materials and other companies provide - for use - a series of nano and micron flake conductive silver pastes. Conductive cement pastes with conductive particles of copper, steel, and other materials can also be used as glue. Lead-free solder (such as Superior No. 30 halide flux commonly used in the industry) can also be used to conductively attach the common activation contact ring 105 and the activation arc segment 106 to the deformation arc segment 106, respectively.

[0146] The deformation arc segment 106 can also be made of a plurality of deformation actuator units, which are placed on concentric radii and stacked to form an independent circumferential deformation arc segment 106 of the disk member 200, such as Fig.10 As shown. Piezoelectric crystal actuators are often stacked together to form long stroke actuators. This allows the selected deformation arc segment 106 to be simply actuated to make it move radially as described above or as described above. Fig.10 The extension of any deformable arc segment 106 is changed as desired by extending or contracting it circumferentially. The radial mass density of any selected deformable arc segment 106 can be changed and controlled by extending or contracting the particular deformable arc segment 106.

[0147] For the electrically activated version, the common activation contact ring 105 is non-conductively coupled to the shaft member 103 via an insulating cylindrical sleeve 104 to prevent any electric field E applied to the common activation contact ring 105 from contacting the shaft member 103. The insulating cylindrical sleeve 104 mechanically rotates with the common activation contact ring 105, and so does the entire disc member 200 to which the insulating cylindrical sleeve 104 is attached. The shaft member 103 can be made of suitable materials such as plastics and metals (e.g., aluminum and stainless steel).

[0148] Advantageously, if Figure 8 As shown, by adding a magnet M, a combination of electric field actuation and magnetic field actuation can be achieved using this arrangement.

[0149] The polymer-based piezoelectric deformable material 100 provides a large force (several micronewtons (μN)) and can be made into a thick polymer deformable film to form a deformable arc segment 106 .

[0150] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the deformation material 100 comprises a rotating ferromagnetic fluid, that is, the rotating ferromagnetic fluid is composed of fine granules of magnetic particles 100a suspended in the fluid. m The magnetic particles 100a along the string section CS in the disc member 200 are attracted to hinder the radial outward flow of the magnetic particles 100a, thereby forming the deformed material 100 contained in the disc member 200. This causes the deformation to occur at the rotation radius R 2 - A specific angle segment θ at δ o The rotation radius R 2 -δ is smaller than the original radius of rotation R of the path taken by the magnetic particle 100a 2 The linear tangential momentum of the displaced rotating mass δm undergoes a sudden change ΔM = δm (V 2 -V 1 ), the sudden change is directed to the small arc segment θ of the moved mass δm o Radial angle orientation.

[0151] Due to the smaller flow radius along the chord section CS, the centripetal force From the original centripetal force The deceleration of the magnetic fluid particles 100a in the string section CS will transfer and divert the momentum of the magnetic fluid particles 100a to the radial arrangement R of the string section CS. 2 -The magnetic field E at delta M .

[0152] The motor 140 provides rotational energy to the magnetic particles 100a at the initial position. The rotational energy of the motor 140 is transferred to the magnetic field E along the string segment CS. M ——Sudden linear movement of magnetic particle 100a, and causing the magnetic particle 100a to move along the magnetic field E M The string segment CS along which the magnetic field E flows is applied. M The force has an attractive effect on the magnetic material 100a, and this attractive energy - acting on the magnetic material 100a that is encountering the magnetic field E M The rotational energy of the motor 140 on the magnetic particles 100a is additive. The rotational motion now becomes a rotational motion along the magnetic field E M Linear motion on this string segment CS.

[0153] For convenience, if a magnet M is placed on a string segment CS that defines a small angle orientation θ of the disk member 200, o , then the deformable material 100 will be attracted to - away from the larger rotation radius R 1 - the string segment CS. In the applied magnetic field E M In the region of θ, the magnetic particles 100a impart an angular orientation θ along the string segment CS. o A gradually decreasing centripetal force The magnetic particle 100a continues to act in the deformation arc 106 until it reaches the center of the string segment CS perpendicular to the radial direction, and then continues to act in this way - but imparting an increasing centripetal force again in the radial direction - until the magnetic particle 100a reaches the end of the string segment CS and again imparts this force Therefore, the motor 140 continuously transfers the sudden change ΔM=δm(V 2 -V 1 ), causing an acceleration force - the acceleration force is directed to the small arc segment θ of the moved mass δm o Radial angle orientation.

[0154] The center of gravity of this motion tends to vary with the radial distribution of the mass. There is a reaction torque acting on this center of gravity that attempts to counteract the momentum δm (V2 -V 1 ). However, as mentioned above, the use of two disks cancels out the rotation vector of the device 10. Therefore, only the linear momentum δm (V 2 -V 1 ) remains on the device 10.

[0155] Essentially, this process can be viewed as a process of moving a magnetic field E in a direction parallel to the string segment CS. M , a thruster (pressure change) of the retained magnetic particles 100a.

[0156] Appropriate circuits 300 may be constructed to simply control the operation of the device 10 and provide rotational speed control - depending on the strength of the activation electric field E and the strength of the activation magnetic field E required to control the deformation arc segment 100 as desired. The device 10 may further include an encoder motor controller 301 to control the rotational speed ω of the encoder motor 140 and generate the desired precise oscillatory motion of the deformation arc segment 100. A propulsion circuit 302 may also be provided to control the rotational speed ω of the encoder motor 140 of each pair of disk members 200 to offset any force that may be required to generate torque differences at different orientations in the space S [x, y, z] - which can be used to drive the vehicle C.

[0157] In a gravitational field, Fig.13 , Fig.14 and Fig.15 As shown, the vehicle C may be provided with wheels 400 attached to the shaft member 103. Advantageously, the device 10 may be used as a propulsion mechanism in three-dimensional space, such as on land, in air, in space, and in the ocean.

[0158] The deformable arc segment 106 acts as an actuator that converts an electromagnetic field to precisely control the radial displacement (δ) of the deformable arc segment 106 .

[0159] Compounds made of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) can be used to make the deformable arc segment 106 for the disk member 200. The disk member frame 201 can be made of a strong and lightweight material such as aluminum, and can be made of a lightweight polymer material such as PVC, polycarbonate, Kevlar, and other strong materials.

[0160] Advantageously, the deformable arc segment 106 may also be made with a compound that is doped with a magnetic material and a magnetically polarized material to provide for a magnetically actuated behavior.

[0161] Angular grids of isolated deformable arc segments 106 can also be easily made by forming the segments in the disk member 200 with any desired deformable material 100. The deformable arc segments 106, if solid, can be cut to shape using micro-dicing saws commonly used for dicing silicon wafers and then bonded to the disk frame member between the boundary gaps 110s to form the disk member 200. Micro-dicing can be used to accurately cut fragile materials into deformable arc segments 106 without breaking their edges. For example, ceramic based and sintered ferromagnetic deformable arc segments 106 can be made in the same manner.

[0162] like Figure 8 , Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the outer radius contact surface 102 of the deformation arc segment 106 is respectively connected to an individual conductive deformation arc segment 106. The deformation arc segments 106 are electromagnetically isolated from each other as much as possible. The deformation arc segments 106 are made of electromagnetically conductive material.

[0163] Advantageously, the disk member 200, after being formed, is a uniform annular disk formed with a symmetrical array of deformed arc segments 106. A common activation contact ring 105 can be used for electrical activation of the deformed arc segments 106. Each deformed arc segment 106 has an arc segment activation face 106 for individual activation.

[0164] Preferably, the disc member 200 - after being formed - has a thickness that can be selected to determine the mass M of the disc member 200. The disc member 200 can also be considered as a cylinder. Other dimensional configurations - without changing the basic purpose of the present invention - can be selected. There are also some other ways to manufacture the disc member 200.

[0165] For example, a deformable material 100 can be used to form the disk member 200 as one piece and still have independent deformable arc segments 106 formed therein. As mentioned above, this can be achieved by using various sintered ceramic-based and polymer-based deformable materials with different properties and press-forming the disk member 200 as one piece with deformable arc segments 106 separated by non-conductive material areas. Combinations of the following materials can also be used to achieve the same effect, namely: molded polycrystalline piezoelectric materials, doped magnetic polymers, and sintered doped piezoelectric ceramics. There are other methods to form the deformable arc segments 106 in the disk member 200. For example, they can be three-dimensionally printed into desired shapes and structures using multi-core printing technology and with insulating separations. Vapor deposition technology can also be used to form the deformable arc segments 106. As another example, they may be made of multiply-stacked and electromagnetically connected sections of deformation material 100 that all act to provide a greater travel delta when actuated by an electromagnetic field.

[0166] The disk member 200 can also be formed by the following method, that is, thermally spraying a thermoplastic component with various concentrations of deformation material to form the desired shape of the separated deformation arc segment 106. In other words, if piezoelectric materials are used, the deformation arc segments 106 can be made in a conventional manner by stacking them to conform to the shape of the deformation arc segment 106.

[0167] In addition, some materials such as lithium salts and some magnetic elements such as gadolinium (Gd), dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) may be made into fine particles that can be suspended in a fluid to form the shape-changing material 100 .

[0168] Finally, the entire disk member 200 may also be made of a single deformable material, without separation into individual deformable segments 106. As previously mentioned, a ferrofluid may be used as the deformable material 100. In solid form, the disk member 200 may be made by a sintering process and then "polarized" with magnetic and electrical particles to produce a plurality of radially directed deformable segments 106. This may be achieved by electrically and alternatively magnetically stressing the material only in a defined radial direction, in much the same way that multi-pole magnetic disks are inductively magnetized to produce a bounded magnetic field, and in the same way that multi-pole piezoelectric crystals are made.

[0169] Preferably, the disc member 200 has the following deformation arc segments 106, that is, the deformation arc segments 106 are polarized in a symmetrical array in the radial direction to form a uniform array to produce a maximum travel δ of the material in the polarized direction only. For example, the radial poling can be performed on the deformation arc segments 106 in a uniform ceramic disc member 200. If made as a single unit, the material forming the deformation arc segments 106 of the disc member 200 is first heated to the Curie point to enable molecules to move freely. Then, a strong polarizing electromagnetic field V is applied to each span of the desired deformation arc segment 106 - in multiple radial directions radiating from the central hub to the periphery. p , to force all the dipoles in the material of the deformed arc segment 106 into an array that is an array of finely graded sections that form a radial "polarized crystal." When the polarizing electromagnetic field is removed, the dipoles of the material are locked into this radial array configuration and become permanently polarized in the radial direction for electrical or magnetic activation.

[0170] It is important to note that if a ferrofluid material is used for the deformable arc segment 106, the active arc segment 106 can be made to absorb and transmit magnetic fields instead of electric fields. The entire invention is to construct a device 10 that is deformed by electric and magnetic fields. This purpose can be achieved using a deformable material 100 as defined above, that is, the deformable material 100 radially contracts or expands in a selected deformable arc segment 106 in response to any electromagnetic field.

[0171] The shape-changing arc segment 106 can be made into several stacked annular arc layers, which increase in radial curvature when actuated by an electromagnetic field to form a multi-stacked arc segment actuator in the radial direction. I have described the use of ceramic materials and polymers to make such a shape-changing arc segment 106. In the case of a magnetic shape-changing arc segment 106, a stack of thin layers of magnetically charged materials can be used, that is, the layers of materials repel each other and when a magnetic field is imparted on the shape-changing arc segment 106, it will change in accordance with the applied magnetic field E.m The magnetic field strength E m and the magnetic field strength used to polarize the deformed arc segment 106 to radially contract or expand.

[0172] Therefore, each disk member 200 can also be constructed as: a stack of a plurality of small deformation arc segments 106, which include - can be through the potential according to its composition or magnetic potential Separately activated individual deformation arc segments 106 . This is achieved when there is an applied field energy difference between the common activation contact ring 105 and any desired number of activation arc segments 106 .

[0173] Each disk member 200 has a plurality of deformed arc segments 106 to form a dynamically and statically balanced radial array around the shaft member 103. As previously described, several shaft members 103 can be symmetrically arrayed to form a multi-disk member type device 10. They should be arrayed to produce a net zero reaction force at the center of gravity of their mass.

[0174] Preferably, the activated deformable arc segments 106 portions of the multi-disc member 200 configuration all point in the same direction. In the rotation of two n pairs of disk members 200, the difference in actuation energy and centripetal force will produce opposite and equal rotational reaction forces, which cancel each other and cause the device 10 to exert a net propulsive force 2nF of motion in the preferred angular direction of the deformable arc segments 106 when the deformable arc segments 106 are actuated by the electromagnetic field.

[0175] The preferred angle θ applied to the rotating disk member 200 is the radial direction θ o The rapid change of electromagnetic energy on the deformation arc segment 106 causes the preferred angle direction θ o The small radial changes in the shape of the upper deformation arc 106 change their symmetry and their static and dynamic balance only in this direction. Therefore, the more pairs of disc members 200 are used, the greater the directional force 2nF they generate. It is important to note that the angular orientation direction θ of each activated deformation arc 106 of each disc member 200 is o , may be oriented in a desired direction that imparts a desired overall motion to the device 10. For example, all activated deformation arcs 106 may be oriented vertically to force the vehicle C into only horizontal motion. Other directional vector orientations of the deformation arcs 106 may be selected based on the desired turn of the vehicle C including the device 10.

[0176] Although the rotation of the disc member 200 is maintained by a power energy source (such as an electric motor, a gas motor, a heat engine, and other forms of motorized engines) having a fuel source (such as gas, oil, diesel, solar panels, batteries, and generators), all disc members 200 become radially asymmetrically unbalanced only at the preferred angular orientations of the applied field during rotation, and they only produce preferred deformation arcs 106 at these angular orientations to produce net motion in only one direction. The disc member 200 "deforms" to produce a net propulsive force.

[0177] It is important to note that the deformation of the deformed arc segment 106 is not a rotational component, just as the sea tide in the above-mentioned tidal model is not a rotational component. It is a topological shift of the deformed arc segment 106 from symmetry in the preferred direction of space S. During the rotation, when the applied actuation field acts on the preferred deformed arc segment 106, the deformation is time independent relative to the fixed angle arrangement of the applied actuation field. The topological deformation of the deformed arc segment 106 of the disk member 200 does not rotate, but only causes - for the activated deformed arc segment 106 - the activated deformed arc segment 106 to move in the radial direction θ o For example, if the topological deformation were to rotate, it would create an imbalance that would be transmitted to the shaft member 103 as an unbalanced system. Similarly, the tides remain stationary while the earth rotates.

[0178] The disc member 200 and its deformable material 100 must be symmetrical, statically and dynamically balanced before the application of the applied electromagnetic field. In the absence of the applied field, the disc member 200 can have any symmetrical, statically and dynamically balanced shape. Preferably, the deformable arc segments 106 of the disc member 200 form a circular and annular disc with a given thickness and are mounted to the shaft member 103 at axially opposite and symmetrical positions.

[0179] The deformed arc segment 106 reaches the radial direction θ o When the disk member 200 is activated, the change of the centripetal force in the direction of the electromagnetic field applied thereto causes a change in the shape of the mass distribution of the deformed arc segment 106 carried by the disk member 200, which results in a reactive directional change of the centripetal force and tangential momentum in these parts. The inactive deformed arc segment 106 remains circular and unchanged. Therefore, the change of static and dynamic balance occurs only in the radial direction of the activated deformed arc segment 106, and the symmetry of the disk member 200 is maintained in all other parts of its rotating element.

[0180] This change in the symmetry of the disk member 200 causes - at respective radii R 2 The actuated deformation arc segment 106 at ±δ and the radius R2 Between the unactuated deformable material 100 of the disk member 200 - centripetal force difference At all times, the momentum of the disk member 200 - in the radial direction of the electromagnetic field E applied to the deforming arc segment 106 - is unbalanced. In addition to the energy of the applied electromagnetic field E, this also transfers energy from the encoder motor 140 to the deforming arc segment 106. Since the weight distribution of the disk member 200 outside the actuation area is unchanged, the unactivated portion of the deformable material 100 of the disk member 200 remains dynamically balanced as a rotating element. However, an actual force F with directional characteristics and non-rotating properties will appear in each disk member 200. This force F does not put the disk member 200 into a state of dynamic imbalance. It is a radial force acting on the deforming arc segment 106 θ o Directional force on. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, this force is transferred from the motor to the fluid and then to the frame 117 (F→117).

[0181] like Fig.16 As shown, if a portion P of the mass of a disk member 200 1 is actuated by the applied electromagnetic field E, and part P 0 The majority of is the unaffected portion that is not changed by the applied electromagnetic field. Then, due to the equal momentum principle, the unaffected portion P 0 The angular velocity ω will always be proportional to the actuated part P 1 The angular velocity ω is the same. The affected part P 1 will move at a tangential speed v δ =(R 2 ±δ)ω, while the unaffected Po will move with a different tangential velocity v o =(R 2 )ω motion, thus generating o The net centrifugal force difference F in the tangential direction.

[0182] In all embodiments of the invention, the device 10 consists of a frame member 117, a disk member 200, and a fuel source for the motor, such as a battery 150. In versions where active rotation is required for motor reasons (semi-rigid disk member 200), the frame 117 carries the encoded motor 140. Advantageously, the encoded motor 140 can also have a shaft that acts as the shaft member 103, without the need for an additional bearing 105. Advantageously, the frame member 117 can also act as a carrier C. When assembled, the frame 117 will carry the encoded motor 140, as well as any bearings 205 supporting the shaft member 103, and thus the disk member 200, to rotate around the symmetric central axis of the shaft member 103.

[0183] In the case of using a magnetohydrodynamic fluid, the driving rotational flow force is the magnetohydrodynamic force generated by the fluid itself, without the need for a motor.

[0184] For example, the shape-shifting material 100 may be made of multiple ceramic piezoelectric crystals connected in parallel to provide a very large cumulative displacement. Piezoelectric electric fuel injectors (PZO) are commonly used in gas and diesel engines to utilize pulsed electromotive force. Rapidly opening and closing fuel injectors. For example, a piezoelectric crystal disk with a stack height of 35 mm (the diameter determines the total force) can produce a stroke δ of about 45 microns. This small stroke δ is enough to make it work as an electronic fuel injector actuator. Therefore, a larger stack of about 500 units with a stroke of 100 μm each can provide a stroke of δ = 5 cm. This example is just to show that the stroke δ can be significantly increased as the technology advances.

[0185] like Figure 8 As shown, the device 10 can be made with a conductive polarization sleeve S1, which is attached to the frame member 117 for slidingly conductively contacting and transmitting an electric potential with a given polarity or a magnetic field with a given polarity to the common activation pole ring 105 rotating with the disk member 200. The polarization sleeve S1 should transmit electrical energy or magnetic energy to activate the deformation arc segment 106. The polarization sleeve S1 can be a magnet, that is, the magnet has an angular attraction to the material forming the deformation arc segment 106, for example. The polarization sleeve S1 can also be an electrode for biasing the electrical polarity of the deformation arc segment 106.

[0186] The device 10 also includes one or more polarization segments S2, which are attached to the frame member 117 to selectively activate a certain angular span θ o The deformation arc segment 106 within the inner portion, wherein the angle θ o The polarization segment S2 should transmit electrical and magnetic energy to activate the deformable arc segment 106. The polarization segment S2 can be a magnetic material that can transmit an electromagnetic field to the deformable arc segment 106. The polarization segment S2 can also be a conductive material that is used to bias the electrical polarity of the deformable arc segment 106 selected for activation in an angular direction.

[0187] For the electric field, one pole of the electric field E+ is connected to one polarity of the output terminal of the power source 150 through the lead 151, and the polarization segment S2 is also connected to the opposite polarity of the output terminal of the power source 150 through the lead 152.

[0188] like Fig. 9 , Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, advantageously, the deformation arc segments 106 can also be actuated by circumferential actuators 109, which are made of - deformed - piezoelectric crystals or magnetically active materials. The circumferential actuators 109 separate the massive deformation arc segments 106, which form a radially symmetrical circumferential array around the shaft member 103. The circumferential actuators 109 are positioned in small radial gaps 108 between the deformation arc segments 106. The deformation arc segments 106 can be made of metal with high density, and when actuated by the circumferential actuators 109, they move circumferentially to change the radial mass distribution, as shown in the figure. The deformation arc segments 106, the circumferential actuators 109, the shaft member 103 and the motor 140 are all dynamically and statically balanced. The circumferential array of the deformation arc segments 106 is separated by small radial gaps 108. The deformable arc segments 106 are placed in the circumferential array between the circumferential actuators 109. When actuated, the deformable arc segments 106 will be displaced circumferentially to change the radial mass distribution of the disk member 200. The maximum radial gap 108 determines the extent to which any two mass-type deformable arc segments 106 can be displaced relative to each other. In this configuration, the deformable arc segments 106 must be supported on the shaft member 103 by a thin spring portion 100s to be able to flex, and the thin spring portion 100s holds the deformable arc segments 106 stably on the shaft member 103.

[0189] like Fig.10 As shown, a plurality of deformation arc segments 106 and a plurality of circumferential actuators 109 are used to change the distribution of the mass-type deformation arc segments 106 on the disc member 200 .

[0190] When the circumferential actuator 109 extends or contracts a specific arc segment θ at the same fixed angular orientation of the device 10 o When the circumferential mass distribution of the disk member 200 is changed, the circumferential mass distribution of the disk member 200 can be changed by increasing or decreasing the circumferential distribution of the deformation arc segment 106 of the disk member 200. Extending or contracting the circumferential actuator 109 causes the angular distribution and radial distribution of the material in the deformation arc segment 106 of the disk member 200 to change, thereby obtaining o The desired change in the centrifugal force F generated on the disc member 200. In essence, the circumferential array of circumferential actuators 109 and deformable segments 106 causes the disc member 200 to perform the same function as the radial change of the deformable segments 106 by redistributing the mass of the deformable material 100 in the activated set of deformable segments 106.

[0191] Further advantageously, each of the radial array of circumferential actuators 109 may be made from a stack of circumferential or radial actuators to produce greater travel.

[0192] The array of circumferential actuators 109 activates the deformable arc segments 106 to expand and increase their angular arrangement θ relative to the frame member 117, thereby increasing or contracting the radial distribution R of the material distribution of the disk member 200. 2 ,R 2 ±δ and angular distribution θ in order to change the radial distribution of the deformed material 100. The angular variation and circumferential variation of the deformed material 100 will result in a redistribution of the radial mass of the deformed material 100 in the disc member 200.

[0193] One advantage of this solid form of the device 10 is its simplicity. The deformable material 100 can be made into equally massive members separated by small equal radial gaps 108 and forming a continuous symmetrical circumferential and radial array. The radial gaps 108 can be separated by piezoelectric discs or piezoelectric posts, which act as small circumferential actuators 109 that expand and contract. Thus, by activating the circumferential actuators 109 between the deformable arc segments 106 of one sector S1S2 of the disc member 200, it can be contracted or expanded, while the other sector S2S1 can remain unactivated or vice versa and can also be expanded or contracted, as shown in FIG. Fig.10 and Fig.11 shown.

[0194] The material of the circumferential actuator 109 can be selected to be magnetically active, or electronically active, and a combination of the two. As previously mentioned, electrical actuation can be achieved by piezoelectric crystals. Magnetic actuation can be easily achieved by simply placing a magnet in the path of the circumferential actuator 109 to transmit a magnetic field that can pull the deformed arc segments 106 and cause them to, for example, circumferentially contract.

[0195] like Fig. 22 As shown, the deformable material 100 can be simply a massive magnet 100, which is acted upon by a strong external magnet M attached to a fixed point of the frame 117. The external magnet M is positioned at a fixed angle orientation of the frame 117, and the magnetic pole (e.g., the south pole S) of the external magnet M is opposite to the magnetic pole (the south pole S) of the deformable material 100 in each deformable arc segment 106. o When the deformed material 100 (in this case, a magnet) moves from its original centrifugal position to the maximum radius R 2 is moved to a smaller rotation radius R 2 -δ. This causes an imbalance in the centrifugal force F around the disc member 200, resulting in - acting on the deformation arc segment θo On - a smaller centrifugal force F θ .

[0196] In all the specific mechanisms and ways in which the device 10 can be constructed, it is important that the force that produces the change in mass distribution is greater than the centrifugal force generated in each deformation arc segment 106 by rotation. For example, the piezoelectric actuator E should be able to pull the deformable material 100 into a larger orbit or a smaller orbit when actuated. Similarly, the magnetic field actuator M should be able to pull the deformable material 100 into a larger orbit or a smaller orbit when actuated. If these actuation forces can lift the entire device 10 through their action, then the repeated actuation of these forces can lift the entire device 10 in a pulsed manner against gravity. For example, in space. The device will exert a force that should be able to pull the deformable material 100 into a larger orbit or a smaller orbit when actuated. Similarly, in the ocean, the weight of a submarine, which is offset by the buoyancy of the submarine, will not hinder the force generated. Since a simple magnet can generate a force that can lift the motor, the disk member and its contents, and the frame, the device 10 obviously has great potential for propelling flying vehicles and aircraft. For example, a magnet that is 13.5 inches long, 7.5 inches wide, and 10.2 inches high weighs approximately 97 pounds but has a rated lift load of 1000 pounds.

[0197] consider Fig.13 , assuming that four-disc members 200 are placed on the transmission shaft (axle) of the carrier C. Each disc member 200 has a complete distribution of deformation arc segments 106 within an angular span of 2π radians (around a full circle). Let the rotation axis of each shaft member 103 of the four-disc member 200 be in the x-direction, and let the rotation plane of the disc member 200 be the [x, y] plane forming a planar array.

[0198] Let the total mass of the disc member 200 be equal to T (kilograms).

[0199] Let: In the rotational plane of each disc member 200 — in the upper [y, x] plane — the actuated deformation arc segment 106 angularly spans an angle θ o , the angle θ o is the angle subtended symmetrically about the horizontal x-axis of rotation.

[0200] consider Fig.12 and Fig.13 , let the outer radius R of the deformation arc segment 106 2 Extends to the active angular span θ o The new radial distribution (R 2+δ). Here δ is a positive or negative quantity. For ease of explanation, let δ be a positive displacement. Then, ignoring the gap between them, the mass M of the extended section of the deformed arc section 106 of the disk member 200 is equal to Therefore, only the angular span θ o The mass distribution of the deformed arc segment 106 is changed by the applied electric potential, thereby extending or contracting symmetrically around the z-axis in the [y, z] plane.

[0201] like Fig.11 As shown, it exists in the arc segment θ o The deformed arc segment 106 in the disk member 200 will dynamically extend symmetrically and change the shape of the disk member 200 in the [y, z] plane of the disk member 200 from a perfect circle to a circle spanning θ about the y axis. o The symmetrical ridge or (depression) is formed in the preferred direction θ. o In the arc segment θ o This slight change in the mass distribution of the deformed arc segment 106 in the disk member 200 will cause o The angular imbalance of the density distribution results in a change in the centripetal force F on each disc member 200 across the y-direction. This angular imbalance in the density distribution results in a change in the centripetal force and in a tangential force F acting in the y-direction on all disc members 200. These forces are Fig.13 103 in the upper [x, y] plane. This force F tends to generate a counter torque to rotate the center of gravity of the vehicle C in the lower [x, y] plane of the device 10 about the axis member 103 of the device 10. Since these reaction forces to force F oppose each other in the frame 117, there is no net rotation of the vehicle C about the axis member 103. However, as previously described, the force F becomes an impulse-type acceleration force in the upper [y, z] plane.

[0202] To counteract the reaction of force F and eliminate any rotation, the device 10 must have at least two disk members 200 - symmetrically placed on the x-axis as described above - to generate equal and opposite forces - which are balanced by equal and opposite moments - to prevent rotation of the device 10 in the x-direction.

[0203] It can be imagined that the centripetal force will tend to act in the y direction and will tend to rotate the shaft member 103 and the encoder motor 140 in the [x, y] plane because they generate a torque around the axis of rotation of the device 10. When two disk members 200 are used and they are equidistantly and symmetrically placed on the x axis of rotation, this generates a total force of 2F in the same y direction, and this eliminates the imbalance. Therefore, the rotation caused by the force F can be converted into a 2F vertical net force in the vertical y direction only.

[0204] Preferably, the encoder motor shaft member 103 extends equally in both directions along the axis of rotational symmetry to allow two-disc members 200 to be positioned on opposite sides of the encoder motor 140 for counterbalance.

[0205] like Fig. 22 , Fig.23 , Fig.24 and Fig.25 As shown, the deformation material 100 includes a rotating magnetohydrodynamic fluid, such as a heavy metal cation C + The solution of the deformable material 100 is composed of the following heavy metal cations C + Composed of, that is, the heavy metal cation C + Suspended in fluid motion R F The magnetohydrodynamic flow (MHD-flow) of ions in the M The magnetic field E M The motive force is applied to rotate the magnetohydrodynamic fluid without the need for a motor. The circumferential actuators 109a and 109b, 109c act as a 2 +δ) around the electrodes to make the fluid do a roughly circular rotation around the annular chamber 113 frame and the shell member 117. The heavy metal cation C + and light anion A - The heavy metal cations C are released into the fluid by the oppositely charged circumferential electric actuators 109a, 109b, and 109c respectively. + Attracted and confined to the negatively charged circumferential actuator 109a, the heavy metal cations C + The negatively charged anions A flow along a larger radius peripheral path close to the negatively charged circumferential actuator 109a, while the negatively charged anions A - The smaller radius along the circumferential actuator 109b is attracted by the positive charge. Both the circumferential actuator 109a and the circumferential actuator 109b are confined to a fixed angle (360-θ) o so that they do not cover the actuation segment θ along the flow path o The metal cations C passing through the influence area of ​​the circumferential actuator 109a and the circumferential actuator 109b are + , now entering the electrical influence area of ​​the circumferential actuator 109c in the actuation section θ o Within the limited angle of , there - due to the circumferential actuator 109c with similar positive charge - the heavy metal cation C + Here, an electric repulsive force E is encountered. This repulsive force of the circumferential actuator 109c pushes the metal cation C+ Push to a smaller radius (R 2 ), and along the actuation section θ o A centripetal force difference F is generated. This difference causes a propulsion force F which is transmitted to the device frame 117 to generate propulsion.

[0206] Before leaving this segment θ o When the cations flow again to the larger radius (R 2 +δ) to repeat the advancement process. + When encountering the circumferential actuator 109c, it is repelled to a smaller radial path R 2 , and flows without resistance along the depression 115. This causes the deformation to occur at a radius smaller than the original rotation radius R 2 +δ radius R 2 A specific angle segment θ is rotated at o The mass δm of the moving rotating metal cation C + The linear tangential momentum of has a sudden change ΔM=δm(V 2 -V 1 ), the sudden change is directed perpendicular to the small arc segment θ o Radial angle orientation.

[0207] Since along the arc segment θ o The smaller the flow radius of the chord section, the centripetal force From the original centripetal force The power source 150 (such as a power source or a solar-charged battery) provides the metal cation C + Provides magnetohydrodynamic energy E. This loss of centripetal momentum is transferred to arc segment θ o The magnetohydrodynamic force can be conveniently maximized by placing the magnet M on the fluid flow between the circumferential actuators 109a and 109b. Any electrolyte can be used, such as a ferrous based electrolyte.

[0208] It is very convenient to use electrolytes containing metal anions and anions, such as electrolytes containing alkaloids, oxides, carbon compounds, sulfur compounds, and Zintl anion compounds. These electrolytes have negative metal anions, valence forms [M=M] n- , and anion valence electron configuration [(n+1)s 2 (n+1)p)] n- 、[V(CO) 6 ] -、[Nb(CO) 6 ] - 、[Ta(CO) 6 ] - 、[Mn(CO) 5 ] - 、[Mn(CO) 6 ] - 、[Ir(CO) 4 ] - 、[Co(CO) 4 ]. These electrolytes can form anions in solution through half-cathodic reactions without releasing gases or deteriorating the electrolyte solution. For example, IrO 4 With 9 + Oxidation state.

[0209] The device 10 includes a fixed frame 117, which supports a magnetohydrodynamic fluid, which is a deformation material 100, contained in a sealed annular space S. The sealed annular space S includes an inner boundary wall 114 parallel to the contour of an outer boundary wall 116; the inner boundary wall 114 and the outer boundary wall 116 are respectively and hermetically connected to a top wall 112 and a bottom wall 111 to form the sealed annular space S; at least one of the top wall 112 and the bottom wall 111 includes a non-conductive magnetically permeable material; a magnetic field MF generating mechanism directs the magnetic field MF to be perpendicular to and pass through at least one of the top wall 112 and the bottom wall 111 and enter the sealed annular space S. A portion of the inner wall 114 includes a conductive first electrode circumferential actuator 109b, which subtends a fixed angle θ relative to the fixed frame 117. o A portion of the outer wall 116 includes an outer wall second electrode circumferential actuator 109a, and the outer wall second electrode circumferential actuator 109a clamps the fixed angle θ relative to the fixed frame. o A portion of the outer wall 116 includes a third electrode circumferential actuator 109c, and the third electrode circumferential actuator 109c clamps a circular arc segment relative to the fixed frame 117 that is not included in the fixed angle θ. A portion of the inner wall 114 has a radially symmetrical recess oriented radially inward, and the recess 115 clamps a circular arc segment relative to the fixed frame 117 that is not included in the fixed angle θ. oThe first electrode circumferential actuator 109b and the third electrode circumferential actuator 109c are electrically coupled to the electrical conductor 151 from the power supply 150 to conduct the same voltage polarity, so that: when a voltage potential of opposite polarity is applied to the first electrode circumferential actuator 109b through the conductor 152, the magnetohydrodynamic fluid motion R F The magnetohydrodynamic fluid is generated to flow rapidly between the first electrode circumferential actuator 109b and the second electrode circumferential actuator 109a, through the fixed angle θ relative to the fixed frame 117 in the sealed annular space S. o and generating cations C along the outer wall 116 along the surface of the negatively charged second electrode circumferential actuator 109a + , and anions A are generated along the inner wall 114 - , and such that: when the cation C flowing along the outer wall 116 + When encountering the third electrode circumferential actuator 109c, they are repelled by the positive charge of the third electrode circumferential actuator 109c and flow along the recess 115 of the inner wall 114 to a radius R smaller than the outer wall 116. 2 +δ a smaller radial position R 2 Then, the heavy cation C + The change in mass distribution produces the fixed angle θ o The difference in the centripetal force F in the directions of , thereby causing a kinetic force F on the device 10.

[0210] The polarity of the first electrode circumferential actuator 109b, the second electrode circumferential actuator 109a and the third electrode circumferential actuator 109c can be reversed to rotate the fluid in opposite directions to achieve the same effect. The top wall 112 and the bottom wall 111 are made of non-conductive magnetic permeable material. The first electrode circumferential actuator 109c, the second electrode circumferential actuator 109a and the third electrode circumferential actuator 109c are made of corrosion-resistant conductive material, such as stainless steel and conductive ceramics.

[0211] If the rotation is at a uniform angular velocity ω, the difference 2F of the reaction of the centripetal force generated by the actuated deformation arc segment 106 in the upper [y, z] plane depends on its angular range θ and stroke δ.

[0212] Assume that the mass T of the uniform disk is uniformly distributed on the disk member 200, and the deformed arc segment 106 has an inner radius R 1 and outer radius R 2 The mass M of the activated deformation material 100 is given by:

[0213]

[0214] With inner radius R 1 and outer radius R 2 The geometric center r of the arc segment with an angular range θ is given by:

[0215]

[0216] The offset of the geometric center is given by:

[0217]

[0218] Let the force generated by the centripetal force difference be F c , and let the reaction force applied to the shaft member 103 be F R , and let the activation force due to the electromagnetic field be F E Since the encoder motor 140 acts on the arc segment θ of the deformable material 100 of mass M o The geometric center of the mass M at any given time period reaches the arc segment θ in the upper [y, z] plane o ) and a uniform unexpanded arc segment of the same arc measure, resulting in the centripetal force difference F - for the centripetal force acting on the geometric center of each disc member - being given by the difference in the offset δ of the geometric center point:

[0219]

[0220] Since the encoder motor 140 may have greater energy than the activation reaction force, and the force is applied to both the shaft member 103 and the deforming arc segment 106, we can assume that the activation reaction force is small compared to the centripetal force F.

[0221] This relationship can be reduced to the following simple form. There are two cases:

[0222] a) The device 10 as described above is stable in rotation - caused by the equal forces 2F on the two disk members 200. However, according to the principle of action and reaction, the device is still unstable and has a rotational force component around the axis of rotation of the shaft member 103. When the device 10 is used with a vehicle C in a gravitational field, this problem can be alleviated by using gravity to stabilize the vehicle C. To alleviate this problem, assume that the device 10 is used to power a vehicle C of mass WKg. W is the total weight of the vehicle C and the device 10. Then, in a gravitational field, if the center of mass of the vehicle C is lower than the force 2F, the device 10 can be stabilized by the gravitational field. In other words, the weight W will stabilize the vehicle C.

[0223] b) If the apparatus 10 is to lift the vehicle C against gravity, the force 2F must be greater than a minimum value equal to the net weight force Wg acting on the gross weight W of the vehicle C, where g is the acceleration due to gravity at the location of the vehicle C. The vehicle C can be constructed to have a net center of gravity below this force 2F, thereby keeping the vehicle C in a stable orientation (swinging under the lifting force 2F). Obviously, the swing of the vehicle C will be in the [y, z] direction, so the center of gravity of the vehicle C can be adjusted to counteract the tendency of the vehicle C to swing. Then, in order to achieve lift against gravity, the force F in the vertical direction y must balance the weight of the gross weight W of the vehicle C plus the weight of the disk member, so the geometric center relationship for the force acting on the geometric center of the ring segment must be satisfied:

[0224]

[0225] Where g is the Earth's gravitational acceleration (9.81ms -2 ) or, in the case where vehicle C is on an alien planet, the g of that planet.

[0226] The gravitational field G and the upward net force will keep the vehicle C from swaying when they act on it, so that the vehicle C moves in the direction of the lifting force 2F. This can be regarded as lifting a mass by tying a string to a pivot above the mass. However, the swaying cannot be eliminated by this arrangement of the two disk members 200. This problem can also be eliminated by the following arrangement of the device 10.

[0227] This relationship can be reduced to the general form:

[0228]

[0229] Obviously, under the condition of W>0, this relationship will produce a positive value;

[0230]

[0231] Table 3 below shows a series of solutions for the net weight Wkg that the device 10 with one disk member 200 can lift against gravity when the parameters are selected as shown in Table 2.

[0232]

[0233]

[0234] Clearly, there are some solutions for values ​​of ω that will make the vehicle airborne for the parameters chosen in Table 2. For the parameters in Table 2, the actual weight of the liftable (total weight W kg) vehicle C - including crew and power source - is a function of the angular velocity ω.

[0235] Table 3 below shows the weight W (in kilograms) that the disc member specified in Table 2 above can lift at a specific angular velocity.

[0236] In free space S, the relationship of the plane [x,y][y,z][x,z] is relative to the device 10 and the axis member 103 and has nothing to do with the concept of vertical. Therefore, "vertical" must be defined as the y axis relative to the observer's reference frame member O, such as Fig.13 The tendency of the carrier C to rotate about the shaft member 103 can be eliminated by simply doubling the components of the device 10 and providing four parallel disk members 200, two encoder motors 140 and two parallel shaft members 103 held on the platform P, as shown in FIG. Fig.13 shown.

[0237] In this case, the arrangement is doubled, with four parallel rotating disc members 200. Two of the disc members 200 are coupled to the same shaft member 103, as described above. The other two disc members 200 are coupled to another shaft member 103, rotating in the opposite direction to counterbalance the rotation of the shaft member 103.

[0238] The platform P serves as a relative horizontal reference frame member for the observer O. Thus, Figure 8 As shown, there will be 4 directional force vectors 4F on the platform acting in the same y direction in the equilibrium mode. In this case, as in the above case, the vehicle C can be turned by only slightly changing the rotation speed of each of the paired disk members 200. The solutions for various subtended angles of the activated deformation arc 106 in Table 2 clearly show that the device 10 can lift the vehicle C weighing W kilograms against gravity. In addition, in the gravity-free space S, the device 10 will work more efficiently.

[0239]

[0240]

[0241] The phenomenon of the magnetic particles moving in a rotating frame brings additional advantages to the device 10. It was observed in the experiment that when the motor was cut off, the centripetal force generated by the magnetic field acting on the magnetic particles MF and 100a changed - e.g. Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Fig. 22 As shown - leads to energy storage in the device 10. This is due to the energy return of the braking force of the magnetic field MF.

[0242] While the present invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated, and shown in various terms or in certain embodiments or variations assumed in practice, the scope of the present invention is not intended and should not be construed as being limited thereby, and other variations or embodiments that may be suggested by the teachings herein are specifically reserved as falling within the breadth and scope of the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising a fixed frame supporting a rotating radially distributed material, the apparatus comprising: a mechanism that rotates the radially distributed material relative to the fixed frame; and at least a portion of the rotating radially distributed material includes a material that changes its radial mass distribution and its shape in response to an electric field; Such that: when said at least a portion of said rotating radially distributed material is supplied with an electric field at a fixed angle orientation relative to said fixed frame, said at least a portion of said rotating radially distributed material changes its shape at said fixed angle orientation in response to said electric field; and such that: said at least a portion of said rotating radially distributed material changes its radial mass distribution at said fixed angle orientation of said rotation; and such that: due to said change in the radial distribution of the mass of said at least a portion of said rotating radially distributed material at said fixed angle orientation, a difference in the centripetal force acting on said radially distributed material generates a change in the torque on said rotating radially distributed material at said fixed angle orientation, thereby causing dynamic and static imbalance of said radially distributed material in the direction of said fixed angle orientation of said rotation, and causing directional motion along said fixed angle orientation.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The at least a portion of the radially distributed material comprises a piezoelectric material.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The radially distributed material includes an electromagnetic actuator.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein: The radially distributed material is equally distributed around the shaft member in dynamic and static equilibrium states.

5. The device according to claim 4, wherein: The angular rate of rotation of the motor may be controlled by regulating the flow of power from the power source to the shaft member.

6. The apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising: A plurality of disk members are mechanically coupled to the shaft member.

7. The device according to claim 6, wherein: The radially distributed material of at least one of the disc members forms a symmetrical geometric pattern distributed about a center of symmetry.

8. The device according to claim 6, wherein: The radially distributed material of at least one of the disk members is a piezoelectric material that is polarized in a radial direction in a plurality of equiangular segments to function as a directional piezoelectric actuator.

9. The device according to claim 6, wherein: The radially distributed material of at least one of the disk members is circumferentially polarized in a plurality of equiangular segments to function as a circumferential piezoelectric actuator.

10. The device of claim 1 used to propel a vehicle.

11. An apparatus comprising a shaft member coupled to a motor attached to a frame; the shaft member mechanically coupled to a disk member comprising a radially distributed material, the radially distributed material being in a state of dynamic and static equilibrium when the motor rotates; the apparatus further comprising a power source to supply power to the motor to rotate the radially distributed material; at least a portion of the radially distributed material comprising a material that changes its shape in response to a magnetic field; Such that: when at least a portion of the radially distributed material is rotated to a fixed angular orientation of the shaft member relative to the frame, and the at least a portion of the radially distributed material is exposed to a magnetic field, and the at least a portion of the radially distributed material changes its shape at the fixed angular orientation in response to the magnetic field; and such that: the at least a portion of the radially distributed material changes its radial distribution at the fixed angular orientation of the rotation; and such that: the difference in the centripetal force acting on the radially distributed material due to the changed radial distribution of the at least a portion of the radially distributed material at the fixed angular orientation generates a change in the torque on the rotating radially distributed material around the shaft member, thereby causing dynamic and static imbalance of the radially distributed material only in the direction of the fixed angular orientation of the shaft member; and the imbalance at the fixed angular orientation causes movement along the fixed angular orientation.

12. An apparatus comprising a plurality of shaft members, each shaft member coupled to a motor attached to a frame; each shaft member mechanically coupled to a pair of disk members, wherein: Each disk member includes a radially distributed material that is in a state of dynamic and static equilibrium when the shaft member rotates; the device also includes a power source to supply power to the motor to rotate the radially distributed material; at least a portion of each radially distributed material includes a material that changes its shape in response to an electromagnetic field; Such that: when said at least a portion of said radially distributed material is rotated to a fixed angular orientation of said shaft member relative to said frame, and said at least a portion of said radially distributed material is supplied with an electromagnetic field, and said at least a portion of said radially distributed material changes its shape at said fixed angular orientation in response to said electromagnetic field; and such that: said at least a portion of said radially distributed material changes its radial distribution at said fixed angular orientation of said rotation; and such that: a difference in centripetal force acting on said radially distributed material due to said changed radial distribution of said at least a portion of said radially distributed material at said fixed angular orientation generates a change in torque on said rotating radially distributed material around said shaft member, thereby causing dynamic and static imbalance of said radially distributed material only in the direction of said fixed angular orientation of said shaft member.

13. The device according to any one of claims 1, 12 and 13, wherein: The force is used to propel the aircraft.

14. The device according to claim 11, wherein: The radially distributed material is a ferrofluid, which includes a particle suspension made of one of the following materials: gadolinium (Gd), dysprosium (Dy), terbium (Tb), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co), black iron oxide (Fe3O4), lead titanate [PbTiO3], lead nickel niobate [Pb(Ni1 / 3Nb2 / 3)O3], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and semi-crystalline polymers.

15. An apparatus comprising a fixed frame supporting a sealed annular space containing a magnetohydrodynamic fluid; The sealed annular space includes an inner boundary wall having a profile parallel to the outer boundary wall; The inner boundary wall and the outer boundary wall are respectively and vertically connected to the top wall and the bottom wall in a sealing manner to form the sealed annular space; At least one of the top wall and the bottom wall comprises a non-conductive, magnetically permeable material; a magnetic field generating mechanism that directs a magnetic field perpendicular to and through at least one of the top wall and the bottom wall into the sealed annular space; A portion of the inner wall includes a conductive first electrode, and the conductive first electrode clamps an arc segment with a fixed angle less than 360° relative to the fixed frame; A portion of the outer wall includes an outer wall second electrode, and the outer wall second electrode clamps an arc segment at the fixed angle relative to the fixed frame; A portion of the outer wall includes a third electrode, the third electrode clamping a circular arc segment relative to the fixed frame that is not included in the fixed angle; A portion of the inner wall has a radially symmetrical recess oriented radially inward, and the recess clamps a circular arc segment relative to the fixed frame that is not included in the fixed angle; The first electrode and the third electrode are electrically coupled to conduct the same voltage polarity; so that: when a voltage potential of one polarity is applied to the first electrode and the third electrode, and an equal voltage potential of the opposite polarity is applied to the second electrode, a magnetohydrodynamic flow occurs in the magnetohydrodynamic fluid, causing it to flow rapidly between the first electrode and the second electrode in the sealed annular space; and cations are generated along the surface of the second electrode along the outer wall, and anions are generated in the second electrode along the inner wall; And when the cations flowing along the outer wall encounter the third electrode, they are repelled and flow along the recess to a smaller radial position smaller than the radius of the outer wall; and the change in the mass distribution of the cations produces a difference in the centripetal force in the direction of the fixed angle, thereby causing a kinetic force on the device.

16. The device according to claim 15, wherein: The polarities of the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode may be reversed.

17. The device according to claim 15, wherein: The top wall and the bottom wall are made of a non-conductive magnetically permeable material.

18. The device according to claim 15, wherein: The first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode are made of a corrosion-resistant conductive metal.

19. The device according to claim 15, wherein: The magnetohydrodynamic fluid is an electrolyte.

20. The device according to claim 15, wherein: The magnetohydrodynamic fluid includes cations and anions made of non-gaseous heavy elements.

21. The device according to any one of claims 1, 11, 12 and 17, wherein: The device can use electric and magnetic fields to deflect a rotating flexible metal wire material to change its mass distribution and generate centripetal propulsion.

Images