Method for spiral downhill planting of mountain sugarcane

Abstract

The invention provides a mountain sugarcane spiral downhill planting method which comprises the following steps: firstly, according to the landform of a mountain, carrying out spiral downhill transformation on the mountain which is not suitable for mechanical planting to form a spiral downhill mountain sugarcane planting belt suitable for small and medium-sized mechanical operation; then spiral mechanical planting is conducted, spiral mechanical strip-shaped sowing of sugarcanes is conducted on the transformed spiral downhill mountain sugarcane planting belt through a small and medium-sized sugarcane planting machine, and the planted sugarcanes are the sugarcanes which are nutritional, efficient, high in perennial root performance and high in stress resistance. Selecting sugarcane varieties in a unified mature period in the same mountain sugarcane area, and selecting different sugarcane varieties in different altitudes of the mountain; after sugarcane planting is completed, short green manure plants or vetiver grass suitable for local planting are selected and planted on the side slope beside the sugarcane planting belt in a timing mode, soil fertility is continuously improved, sugarcane borers are prevented and controlled, and weed growth is prevented. Whole-process mechanized production can be achieved, the production efficiency is high, the labor cost is low, and the sugarcane planting income of sugarcane farmers and the benefits of sugar manufacturing enterprises can be remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting methods, and in particular to a method for spiral down-slope planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is an important sugar crop in my country. The fully mechanized sugarcane planting technology is an inevitable trend for the future development of the sugarcane industry. In the past 10 years, my country has made great progress in the research of the fully mechanized sugarcane planting technology in hilly and mountainous areas, such as mechanized sugarcane planting in hilly and mountainous areas, mechanized inter-cultivation management, and small-scale mechanized harvesting, which has reduced the labor intensity and labor costs of sugarcane planting production.

[0003] The main links of sugarcane production management include tillage, ditching, planting, intertillage and weeding, fertilization and soiling, plant protection, irrigation, harvesting, loading and transportation, perennial root ridge breaking, sugarcane leaf crushing and returning to the field, etc. The full mechanization of sugarcane planting and production is a systematic project. Due to the influence of land resources, technology and equipment, climatic conditions, organization and management factors, my country's sugarcane mechanization has not yet fully reflected the system's profit goals in terms of economy, and has not yet reached the ideal yield requirements of agricultural machinery and agronomy integration in terms of technology. The complex terrain, scattered land, and different sizes of plots in the mountainous sugarcane areas of Yunnan Province in my country determine that it is difficult for Yunnan Province to fully realize the mechanization of sugarcane planting, and can only achieve small-scale mechanized production in the mountains.

[0004] Site conditions are the main factor limiting the promotion and application of fully mechanized production technology in mountainous sugarcane areas. At present, my country's fully mechanized sugarcane production technology is mainly used in flat sugarcane areas. The application of fully mechanized sugarcane production technology has also been accelerated in hilly and mountainous sugarcane areas after the slope-to-terrace conversion. In particular, the rapid development of sugarcane step-by-step coordinated mechanized harvesting technology in recent years has accelerated the promotion and application of hilly and mountainous areas. However, the site conditions in my country's mountainous sugarcane areas are particularly poor, with large slopes and small plots, which are basically not suitable for sugarcane agricultural machinery operations. They are still mainly planted and harvested manually, with high sugarcane production costs and low sugarcane planting benefits for sugarcane farmers, which affects the healthy development of the mountain sugarcane industry.

[0005] Therefore, in my country's mountainous sugarcane areas, especially the low-latitude plateau mountainous sugarcane areas in Yunnan, it is necessary to combine the site conditions of the mountainous sugarcane areas and carry out slope reduction transformation of sugarcane plantations in mountainous sugarcane areas with conditions, to form plots suitable for full mechanized operations of sugarcane and realize full mechanized planting of sugarcane in mountainous sugarcane areas. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a spiral downhill planting method for mountain sugarcane, which can achieve full mechanized production, high production efficiency, low labor cost and good sugarcane quality, in order to solve the problems existing in the mechanized planting production of mountain sugarcane in the above-mentioned existing production technology.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for spirally descending slope planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas, the method is as follows:

[0009] (1) Construction of spiral slope-down sugarcane planting areas: According to the topography of the mountains, the mountains that are not suitable for mechanized planting are transformed. For mountains with a slope of less than 25 degrees, the original mountains are transformed from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain into a step-by-step spiral slope shape with a width of more than 3 meters. The slope of the spiral slope is less than 10 degrees, forming a spiral slope-down mountain sugarcane planting belt suitable for small and medium-sized mechanized operations; for mountains with a slope greater than 25 degrees, the original topography is retained; for discontinuous sugarcane planting belts with a length of more than 100 meters after the spiral slope-down transformation, a mechanized farming connection surface connecting the upper and lower planting belts is built at both ends or in the middle of the two adjacent planting belts for the passage of small machinery;

[0010] (2) Spiral mechanized planting: In the transformed spiral slope-shaped mountain sugarcane planting belt, small and medium-sized sugarcane planters are used to carry out spiral mechanized strip sowing of sugarcane, that is, spiral planting is carried out along the planting belt around the mountain. Different cultivation methods are adopted in the sunny and shady areas of the mountain for spiral mechanized planting of sugarcane; on the connecting surface of mechanized farming, strip planting is carried out along the direction of the mechanized farming road; the planted sugarcane varieties are selected to be highly nutritious, perennial, and resistant; sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period are selected in the same mountain sugarcane area; and different sugarcane varieties are selected in different mountain altitude areas;

[0011] (3) Planting on the slopes of mountain sugarcane: After sugarcane planting is completed, select dwarf green manure plants or vetiver grass suitable for local planting and plant them on the slopes beside the sugarcane planting belt at an appropriate time to continuously improve soil fertility, prevent sugarcane borers, and prevent weed growth.

[0012] Furthermore, the width of the mechanized farming connection surface in step (1) is 3-4 m.

[0013] Furthermore, the sugarcane variety with high nutritional efficiency, strong perennial root and strong stress resistance in step (2) is one or two of Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Yunzhe 05-49, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 1696, Guiliu 05-136, virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 and New Taitang No. 1.

[0014] Furthermore, in the sugarcane variety selection described in step (2), in the sugarcane area between 1600-2000 meters above sea level, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, and New Taiwan Sugar No. 1 are selected; in the sugarcane area between 1200-1600 meters above sea level, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, and Yunzhe 141313 are selected; in the sugarcane area between 800-1200 meters above sea level, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 1696, Guiliu 05-136, and virus-free healthy seedlings Yuetang 93-159 are selected; in the sugarcane area below 800 meters above sea level, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-49, Guiliu 05-136, and virus-free healthy seedlings Yuetang 93-159 are selected.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (2), in the same mountain sugarcane area, sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period are selected. Specifically, the selection method is as follows: 1-2 sugarcane varieties are arranged during sugarcane planting; suitable sugarcane varieties are selected in the sunny sugarcane area according to different altitudes; and shade-tolerant Yunzhe 081609 and virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 are selected in the shady sugarcane area according to different altitudes.

[0016] Furthermore, the same mountain sugarcane area is an area where the actual area of ​​sugarcane strip mechanical spiral planting after the sugarcane plantation transformation is more than 200 mu.

[0017] Furthermore, the spiral mechanized strip sowing in step (2) is specifically carried out by using a sugarcane planter to perform integrated operations of furrowing, sowing and fertilizing, with the mechanical furrowing row spacing being 1.05-1.45 m, the furrowing depth being 30-50 cm, the sowing amount being 0.8-13 thousand buds / mu, and the planting depth being 5-12 cm; mechanized fertilization being used, and then full film covering being performed.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (2), the spiral strip sowing of mountain sugarcane is performed by first planting the sugarcane area on the shady side of the mountain and then planting the sugarcane area on the sunny side; mechanized planting is performed on the shady side of the mountain, with a mechanical furrowing row spacing of 1.05-1.25 m, a furrowing depth of 30-40 cm, a seeding amount of 0.8-10,000 buds / mu, and a planting depth of 5-10 cm; mechanized planting is performed on the sunny side of the mountain, with a mechanical furrowing row spacing of 1.25-1.45 m, a furrowing depth of 40-50 cm, a seeding amount of 10,000-13,000 buds / mu, and a planting depth of 8-12 cm;

[0019] Furthermore, the mechanized fertilization is to select 80-100 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 160-200 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer for planting on the shady side; select 30-36 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 120-160 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer for planting on the sunny side, and then cover the whole area with film, and remove the film to apply topdressing and soiling at the tillering stage of sugarcane, using sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for topdressing, the amount of topdressing is 70-84 kg / mu, and the thickness of soiling is 10-15 cm.

[0020] Furthermore, the dwarf green manure plants planted on the slope in step (3) are one or more of white clover, alfalfa, hairy / glossy vetch, Crotalaria foetida, Labrador bean, February orchid, and sweet clover.

[0021] The present invention conducts spiral slope reduction transformation on the mountain sugarcane area that was originally not suitable for full mechanization operation, especially mechanization of harvesting, so that the small and medium-sized machinery for full-process sugarcane production machinery such as tillage, ditching, planting, intertillage and weeding, fertilization and soiling, plant protection, irrigation, harvesting, loading and transportation, perennial root ridge breaking, and sugarcane leaf crushing and returning to the field can all be operated along the spiral planting belt, and can also climb or descend from one planting belt to another planting belt through the opened mechanized farming connection surface, effectively improving the efficiency of mechanized operation and reducing the slope of the mountain, so that the transformed sugarcane area has the conditions for implementing full mechanization of sugarcane. Compared with the existing full mechanization of dam areas and semi-mechanized production technologies of hills and terraces, the present invention can break through the difficulty that the mountain cannot be fully mechanized, realize full mechanized production in the mountain, improve production efficiency, and reduce labor costs. At the same time, the present invention combines the different slopes of the mountain, realizes the spiral slope reduction transformation and slope greening planting of the sugarcane area according to local conditions, and can effectively protect the original ecological environment of the sugarcane area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the planting method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below. Although the embodiments of the present application are shown in the examples, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to be able to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0024] The spiral slope-down planting method of mountain sugarcane of the present invention is as follows:

[0025] (1) Construction of spiral slope reduction sugarcane areas: According to the topography of the mountains, the mountains that are not suitable for mechanized planting are transformed, such as Figure 1 As shown, for mountains with a slope of less than 25 degrees, the original mountains from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain are transformed into a step-by-step spiral slope shape with a width of more than 3 meters, and the slope of the spiral slope is less than 10 degrees, forming a spiral slope-shaped mountain sugarcane planting belt 1 suitable for small and medium-sized mechanized operations; for mountains with a slope greater than 25 degrees, the original topography is retained; for discontinuous sugarcane planting belts with a length of more than 100 meters after the spiral slope transformation, a mechanized farming connection surface 2 connecting the upper and lower planting belts is built at both ends or in the middle of two adjacent planting belts for the passage of small machinery, and the width of the mechanized farming connection surface is 3-4 meters. Figure 1 In the figure, two sections of step-by-step spiral slope reduction shapes A and B are schematically drawn, and a mechanized tillage operation connecting surface 2 is built between the two sections of step-by-step spiral slope reduction.

[0026] (2) Spiral mechanized planting: In the reconstructed spiral slope mountain sugarcane planting belt, small and medium-sized sugarcane planters are used to carry out spiral mechanized strip sowing of sugarcane, that is, spiral planting is carried out along the planting belt around the mountain. Different cultivation methods are adopted in the sunny and shady areas of the mountain for spiral mechanized planting of sugarcane; on the connecting surface of mechanized farming, strip planting is carried out along the direction of the mechanized farming road; the planted sugarcane varieties are selected to be nutritious, perennial, and resistant; sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period are selected in the same mountain sugarcane area; and different sugarcane varieties are selected in different mountain altitudes.

[0027] The sugarcane varieties with high nutritional efficiency, strong perennial rooting and strong stress resistance are one or two of Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Yunzhe 05-49, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 1696, Guiliu 05-136, virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 and New Taiwan Sugar No. 1. The method for selecting sugarcane varieties is to select Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, and New Taiwan Sugar No. 1 in sugarcane areas between 1600-2000 meters above sea level; select Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, and Yunzhe 141313 in sugarcane areas between 1200-1600 meters above sea level; select Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 1696, Guiliu 05-136, and virus-free healthy seedlings Yuetang 93-159 in sugarcane areas between 800-1200 meters above sea level; and select Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-49, Guiliu 05-136, and virus-free healthy seedlings Yuetang 93-159 in sugarcane areas below 800 meters above sea level. The method of selecting sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period in the same mountain sugarcane area is as follows: 1-2 sugarcane varieties are arranged during sugarcane planting; suitable sugarcane varieties are selected according to different altitudes in the sunny sugarcane area; and shade-tolerant Yunzhe 081609 and virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 are selected according to different altitudes in the shady sugarcane area.

[0028] The same mountain sugarcane area is an area where the actual area of ​​sugarcane strip mechanical spiral planting after the sugarcane plantation transformation is more than 200 mu.

[0029] The spiral mechanized strip sowing method is to use a sugarcane planter to perform integrated operations of furrowing, planting and fertilizing, with a mechanical furrowing row spacing of 1.05-1.45 m, a furrowing depth of 30-50 cm, a planting amount of 0.8-13 thousand buds / mu, and a planting depth of 5-12 cm; mechanized fertilization is used, and then full film covering is performed.

[0030] The spiral strip sowing of mountain sugarcane is to plant the sugarcane area on the shady side of the mountain first, and then plant the sugarcane area on the sunny side; mechanized planting is carried out on the shady side of the mountain, the mechanical furrowing row spacing is 1.05-1.25 m, the furrowing depth is 30-40 cm, the seeding amount is 0.8-10,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth is 5-10 cm; mechanized planting is carried out on the sunny side of the mountain, the mechanical furrowing row spacing is 1.25-1.45m, the furrowing depth is 40-50 cm, the seeding amount is 10,000-13,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth is 8-12 cm.

[0031] The mechanized fertilization comprises the following steps: when planting on the shady side, 80-100 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 160-200 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer are selected as base fertilizers, and when planting on the sunny side, 30-36 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 120-160 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer are selected as base fertilizers, and then the whole land is covered with a film, and the film is uncovered during the tillering period of the sugarcane for topdressing and soiling, and the sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is used for topdressing, the amount of topdressing is 70-84 kg / mu, and the thickness of the soiling is 10-15 cm.

[0032] (3) Planting on the slopes of mountain sugarcane: After sugarcane planting is completed, select dwarf green manure plants or vetiver suitable for local planting and plant them on the slopes 3 next to the sugarcane planting belt at an appropriate time. Green manure plants can continuously improve soil fertility and prevent weed growth. Some green manure plants can also be harvested and used as livestock feed. Dwarf green manure plants are one or more of white clover, alfalfa, hairy / glossy vetch, Crotalaria, Laba bean, February orchid, and sweet clover. Planting vetiver can prevent sugarcane borers, reduce the use of pesticides, and prevent the growth of weeds on spiral slopes.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A method for spirally descending slope planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) From October 2021 to January 2022, a mountain spiral slope reduction sugarcane area was constructed in the sugarcane area with an altitude of 1,600-1,750 meters in Sipaishan Township, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province: According to the topography of the mountain, 583 mu of mountain sugarcane areas that are not suitable for mechanized planting were planned and transformed, and the original mountain was transformed from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain into a mountain sugarcane planting belt suitable for mechanized operation with a ground width of more than 3 meters and a slope of less than 10 degrees, which is suitable for small-scale mechanized operation. Mountains with slopes greater than 25 degrees were not transformed, and the original topography was retained. For mountain sugarcane planting belts with a spiral slope reduction transformation length of more than 100 meters, a mechanized farming connection surface between the upper and lower adjacent sugarcane planting belts was built at both ends or in the middle of the transformed spiral slope reduction mountain sugarcane planting belt to facilitate small-scale mechanized operation. At the same time, a mechanized farming road suitable for mechanized operations of mountain sugarcane and a connecting surface convenient for mechanized farming operations were built from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain to facilitate mechanized operations and the transportation of materials and sugarcane. The mechanized farming road is 3.5 meters wide.

[0036] (2) In February and March 2022, spiral mechanized sugarcane planting was carried out in the transformed mountainous shady sugarcane area. The variety selected was Yunzhe 081609. The row spacing of mechanized sugarcane furrowing was 1.2 m, the furrowing depth was 30 cm, the planting amount was 10,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth was 6 cm. The fertilizer selected was 80 kg / mu of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and 160 kg / mu of granular biological organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer was applied once and then fully covered with biodegradable mulch. The effective covering time of the fully biodegradable mulch was 4-6 months. The film width was 2 m and the film thickness was 0.012 mm. The mechanized tillage connection surface was planted in strips along the direction of the mechanized tillage road.

[0037] (3) In March and April 2022, spiral mechanized sugarcane planting was carried out in the transformed sunny sugarcane area of ​​the mountain. The variety selected was Yunzhe 081609, the row spacing of mechanized sugarcane furrowing was 1.4 m, the furrowing depth was 45 cm, the planting amount was 11,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth was 10 cm; the fertilizer selected was 30 kg / mu of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and 120 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and then the same polyethylene weed control film as the shady side was used for full coverage. On the connecting surface of the mechanized farming operation, strip planting was also carried out along the direction of the mechanized farming road.

[0038] The sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is a fertilizer made by mixing sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and pesticides. Its nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formula ratio is 17:7:9, the effective nutrient content is 33%, and the organic matter content (on a dry basis) is ≥15%. The pesticide is a granular thiamethoxam or clothianidin, and its total effective ingredient content is 0.2%. The amount of pesticide used is applied according to the instructions. The raw materials of the sugarcane granular bio-organic fertilizer mainly come from filter mud, bagasse, chimney ash and other by-products of sugar-making enterprises. Its effective ingredients are: organic matter ≥45%, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients ≥5%, moisture ≤13%, 5.5≤pH≤8.5, and effective live bacteria ≥200 million / gram.

[0039] (4) In March and April 2022, after the mechanical spiral planting of sugarcane strips is completed, alfalfa will be selected for planting on the slopes next to the sugarcane planting belt to provide green manure for the mountain spiral slopes or to be harvested as livestock feed after maturity, while also preventing the growth of weeds on the spiral slopes.

[0040] (5) In June 2022, during the tillering period of sugarcane on the sunny side of the mountain, the film will be removed and topdressing will be carried out manually. The amount of topdressing is 70 kg / mu, and mechanical soiling of 10 cm will be carried out in time after topdressing.

[0041] (6) In September 2022, drones will be used to fly pests in the mountain spiral sugarcane planting belts to strengthen the prevention and control of fall armyworms and stem borers.

[0042] During the entire planting production process, a small three-ditch sugarcane planter is mainly used for integrated operations of furrowing, sowing and fertilizing. The three-ditch sugarcane planter uses a strip sowing method to pass through the planting belt, that is, the furrowing, fertilizing, sowing and covering operations are completed at one time, with high operating efficiency. In addition to the personnel operating the three-ditch sugarcane planter, no additional personnel assistance is required. The materials used in planting production, such as seeds, fertilizers, and mulch films, are transported to the designated locations along the mechanized farming roads by small and medium-sized transport vehicles. When harvesting sugarcane, a harvester is used to harvest. The harvester drives along the mechanized farming road to the sugarcane planting belt and harvests along the strip sowing route. The harvested sugarcane is sent out by a transport vehicle. The three-ditch sugarcane planter adopts the adjustable sugarcane automatic planting, fertilizing and covering machine disclosed in Chinese patent ZL 202210385681.2. The harvester adopts Zoomlion AC60A (4GQW-1) sugarcane harvester, which can complete the sugarcane harvesting, cutting, defoliation and transportation operations at one time.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] 1. Experimental Methods

[0045] According to the method for spiral slope reduction planting of mountain sugarcane provided in Example 1, after the spiral slope reduction transformation of the mountain in step (1) of Example 1, a unified conventional planting technology for mountain sugarcane is used, that is, a unified mechanized conventional planting is carried out in the sugarcane areas on the shady and sunny sides of the transformed mountain: the variety is Yunzhe 081609, the sugarcane row spacing is 1.2 m, the furrowing depth is 30 cm, the seeding amount is 13,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth is 10 cm; the fertilizer is a sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and a granular biological organic fertilizer, the fertilizer amount is 120 kg / mu and 200 kg / mu respectively, the fertilization method is mechanized one-time fertilization, and then the polyethylene weed control film is fully covered; strip planting is carried out along the direction of the mechanized farming road on the mechanized farming connection surface, and then the steps (4) and (6) of Example 1 are implemented.

[0046] 2. Experimental results

[0047] The experimental results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, when Yunzhe 081609 is used in both the shady and sunny sugarcane areas of the mountain, the change of the sugarcane planting method (the difference between the planting methods of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 is: ① the shady and sunny sides of Example 1 are planted successively and different planting methods are used, while the shady and sunny sides of Comparative Example 1 are planted simultaneously and a unified conventional planting method is used; ② the sunny sugarcane area of ​​Example 1 uses two fertilizations and the shady sugarcane area uses one fertilization, while the shady and sunny sides of Comparative Example 1 use one fertilization) has no significant effect on sugarcane yield and sucrose content. However, by changing the planting method, the amount of sugarcane sown was reduced and the fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane was improved. Compared with the control example 1, the amount of sugarcane sown in the shady and sunny sugarcane areas of Example 1 saved 0.3 and 0.2 thousand buds / mu respectively; the amount of fertilizer applied in the shady and sunny sugarcane areas of the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer of sugarcane saved 40 and 20 kg / mu respectively, and the amount of fertilizer applied in the shady and sunny sugarcane areas of the granular biological organic fertilizer saved 40 and 80 kg / mu respectively. Therefore, Example 1 can achieve the same sugarcane yield and sucrose content as the control example 1 while reducing the input of sugarcane seedlings and fertilizers, realize the cost saving and efficiency improvement of sugarcane production, and is conducive to increasing the net income of farmers from planting sugarcane.

[0048] Comparative Example 2

[0049] 1. Experimental Methods

[0050] The spiral slope reduction transformation is not carried out on the mountain sugarcane area. The original mountain terrain is ditched by excavators around the mountain, and then the sugarcane is planted conventionally. The technical requirements are that Yunzhe 081609 is selected in the sugarcane areas on the sunny and shady sides of the mountain, the sugarcane ditch row spacing is 1.2 m, the ditch depth is 30 cm, the seeding amount is 12,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth is 10 cm; the fertilizer is selected as 120 kg / mu of sugarcane organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and 200 kg / mu of granular biological organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is applied once, and then the polyethylene weed control film is fully covered; then alfalfa is planted in the corresponding mountain with a slope greater than 25 degrees according to the method of step (4) of Example 1, and drone flight control is implemented in the sugarcane planting area according to the method of step (6) of Example 1.

[0051] 2. Experimental results

[0052] The experimental results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Example 1 and Control Example 2, when Yunzhe 081609 is used in both the shady and sunny sugarcane areas of the mountain, the spiral transformation of the sugarcane area and the change of the sugarcane planting method have a significant effect on the sugarcane yield and sucrose content. Compared with Control Example 2, the shady and sunny sugarcane areas of Example 1 increased production by 1.39 and 1.51 t / mu, respectively, and the shady and sunny sugarcane areas increased sucrose content by 0.87 and 0.30 percentage points, respectively. Through the spiral slope reduction transformation of the sugarcane area, the slope of the sugarcane area is reduced and the production environment is improved, which is conducive to mechanized production, improves production efficiency, and promotes the development of mechanized technology of mountain sugarcane. Through the change of planting methods, the amount of sugarcane seeding is reduced and the fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane is increased, and the principle is the same as that of Control Example 1. Therefore, Example 1 achieves the synergistic improvement of mountain sugarcane yield and sucrose content through the spiral slope reduction transformation of the mountain sugarcane area and the change of the sugarcane planting method, and realizes the increase of farmers' production and income and the reduction and efficiency of fertilizer.

[0053] Table 1 Effects of different planting methods on sugarcane yield and sucrose content in the shaded and sunny sugarcane areas of high altitude mountains in Sipaishan Township

[0054]

[0055] Different lowercase letters in the same column of data in Table 1 indicate significant differences among different planting methods at the 5% level.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] The present invention provides a method for spiral slope-down planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0058] (1) From June to October 2023, a spiral slope-down sugarcane area will be constructed in the sugarcane area at an altitude of 500-600 meters in Mengding Town, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province: According to the topography of the mountains, 260 mu of mountain sugarcane areas that are not suitable for mechanized planting will be planned and transformed, and the original mountains will be transformed from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain into a mountain sugarcane planting belt suitable for mechanized operations with a ground width of more than 3 meters and a slope of less than 10 degrees, which is suitable for small-scale mechanized operations. Mountains with slopes greater than 25 degrees will not be planned and transformed, and the original topography will be retained. For mountain sugarcane planting belts with a spiral slope reduction transformation length of more than 100 m, mechanized farming connection surfaces between the upper and lower adjacent sugarcane planting belts are built at both ends or in the middle of the transformed spiral slope reduction mountain sugarcane planting belts to facilitate small-scale mechanized operations. At the same time, mechanized farming roads suitable for mountain sugarcane mechanized operations or connection surfaces convenient for mechanized farming operations are planned from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain to facilitate mechanized operations and the transportation of materials and sugarcane. The mechanized farming road surface is 3 m wide.

[0059] (2) In November 2023, spiral mechanized sugarcane planting will be carried out in the transformed shady sugarcane areas of the mountains. The high-yield, high-sugar, early-maturing virus-free healthy seedlings Yuetang 93-159 will be selected as the variety. The mechanized trenching spacing of sugarcane will be 1.05 m, the trenching depth will be 35 cm, the seeding rate will be 0.8 000 buds / mu, and the planting depth will be 8 cm. The fertilizers used will be 80 kg / mu of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 200 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, which will be applied once and for all, and then the ground will be fully covered with a fully biodegradable film. The sugarcane will be planted in strips along the direction of the mechanized farming road at the connection surface of the mechanized farming operation.

[0060] (3) In December 2023, spiral mechanized sugarcane planting will be carried out in the transformed sunny mountain sugarcane area. The high-yield, high-sugar, early-maturing Yunzhe 081609 variety will be selected. The mechanized furrowing spacing of sugarcane will be 1.3 m, the furrowing depth will be 50 cm, the seeding rate will be 12,000 buds / mu, and the planting depth will be 12 cm. The fertilizers used will be 30 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 120 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and then the whole area will be covered with polyethylene weed control film. The sugarcane will be planted in strips along the direction of the mechanized farming road on the connecting surface of the mechanized farming operation.

[0061] (4) In January 2024, after the mechanical spiral planting of sugarcane strips is completed, vetiver will be planted on the slopes to prevent sugarcane borers, reduce the use of pesticides, and prevent the growth of weeds on the spiral slopes.

[0062] (5) In April 2024, during the tillering period of sugarcane on the sunny side of the mountain, the film will be removed and topdressing will be carried out manually. The amount of topdressing is 70 kg / mu, and mechanical soiling of 10 cm will be carried out in time after topdressing.

[0063] (6) In September 2024, drones will be used to carry out pest control in mountain spiral sugarcane areas to strengthen the prevention and control of fall armyworm and stem borer.

[0064] Comparative Example 3

[0065] 1. Experimental Methods

[0066] According to the method for spiral slope-down planting of mountain sugarcane provided in Example 1, after the mountain spiral slope-down transformation is implemented in step (1) of Example 1, the sugarcane variety in the shaded area in step (2) of Example 1 is replaced with Yunzhe 05-51 for spiral mechanized planting of sugarcane, and other technical measures are the same. Thereafter, planting production is implemented according to the method of steps (3) to (6) of Example 1.

[0067] 2. Experimental results

[0068] The experimental results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, when comparing Example 2 and Control Example 3, when the sugarcane planting method in the sunny sugarcane area of ​​the mountain remains the same, there is no significant difference in the sugarcane yield and sucrose content; but when the sugarcane variety detoxified healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 in the sugarcane planting method in the shady sugarcane area of ​​the mountain is replaced with Yunzhe 05-51, the sugarcane yield and sucrose content are significantly affected. Compared with Control Example 3, the sugarcane yield in the shady sugarcane area of ​​Example 2 increased by 0.87 t / mu, and the sucrose content increased by 0.65 percentage points; the change of varieties in the shady sugarcane area led to a decrease in sugarcane yield and sucrose content, mainly because Yuetang 93-159 is more shade-tolerant and has stronger adaptability to low altitudes. Therefore, selecting suitable varieties and supporting planting methods in the shady sugarcane area of ​​the mountain is conducive to the formation of sugarcane yield and sucrose content, and is an important technical means to achieve high yield and high sugar content of sugarcane.

[0069] Comparative Example 4

[0070] 1. Experimental Methods

[0071] According to the method for spiral downhill planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas provided in Example 1, after the methods of steps (1) and (2) of Example 1 are implemented, the sugarcane variety in the sunny area in step (3) is replaced with the virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 for spiral mechanized planting of sugarcane, and other technical measures remain unchanged, and then the methods of steps (4) to (6) of Example 1 are implemented.

[0072] 2. Experimental results

[0073] The experimental results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, compared with Example 2 and Control Example 4, when the sugarcane planting method in the mountain shady sugarcane area remains the same, there is no significant difference in the sugarcane yield and sucrose content; but when the sugarcane variety Yunzhe 081609 in the sugarcane planting method in the mountain sunny sugarcane area is replaced with the virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159, the sugarcane yield and sucrose content are significantly affected. Compared with Control Example 4, the sugarcane yield in the sunny sugarcane area of ​​Example 2 increased by 1.71 t / mu, and the sucrose content increased by 0.97 percentage points; the change of varieties in the sunny sugarcane area led to a decrease in sugarcane yield and sucrose content, mainly because Yunzhe 081609 in the sunny sugarcane area grew better than Yuetang 93-159 and had stronger photosynthesis. Therefore, selecting suitable varieties and supporting planting methods in the mountain sunny sugarcane area is conducive to the formation of sugarcane yield and sucrose content, and is an important technical means to achieve high yield and high sugar content of sugarcane.

[0074] Table 2 Effects of different planting methods on sugarcane yield and sucrose content in the shaded and sunny sugarcane areas of low-altitude mountains in Mengding Town

[0075]

[0076] Different lowercase letters in the same column of data in Table 2 indicate significant differences among different planting methods at the 5% level.

[0077] From the above-mentioned embodiments and control examples, it can be seen that spiral slope reduction transformation of mountain sugarcane areas and the addition of suitable varieties and suitable spiral mechanized planting methods are important technical means to obtain high yield and high sugar content of sugarcane.

[0078] Through the embodiments and control examples, it can be seen that compared with the traditional sugarcane planting production method in the mountains (Control Example 2), the present invention can increase the per mu yield and sucrose content of newly planted sugarcane. The shady and sunny sugarcane in the transformed spiral slope-reducing sugarcane area increase the yield by 1.39 and 1.51 t / mu respectively, and the sucrose content of the shady and sunny sugarcane increases by 0.87 and 0.30 percentage points (absolute value, the same below) respectively. According to the current purchase price of Yunnan sugarcane raw materials of 470 yuan / mu and the labor cost of cutting sugarcane of 150 yuan, sugarcane farmers can increase the net income of planting by more than 444.80 yuan / mu; at the same time, the improvement of sucrose content can promote the increase of sugarcane yield, which is beneficial for sugarcane enterprises to increase sugar production, thereby increasing the income of farmers from sugarcane planting and the sugar production of sugar-making enterprises.

[0079] The present invention carries out planting in the sugarcane areas on the shady side and the sunny side of the mountain according to local conditions, adopts different planting methods, and can save the planting amount of sugarcane seedlings in the mountain. Compared with the control example 1, the method of the present invention can save 0.3 and 0.2 thousand buds / mu of sugarcane planting in the sugarcane areas on the shady side and the sunny side, respectively (Example 1); at the same time, the present invention comprehensively utilizes the organic fertilizer produced by the sugar-making enterprise and the slope green manure planting, carries out fertilization of the transformed sugarcane garden, improves the soil fertility of the sugarcane garden, promotes the recycling of waste from the sugarcane enterprise and reduces the application amount of chemical fertilizers. The application amount of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer in the sugarcane areas on the shady side and the sunny side is saved by 40 and 20 kg / mu, respectively, and the application amount of granular biological organic fertilizer in the sugarcane areas on the shady side and the sunny side is saved by 40 and 80 kg / mu, respectively (Control Example 1). Compared with the fertilizer partial productivity of 99.19 kg / kg and 120.56 kg / kg in the unmodified sugarcane areas on the shady side and sunny side (Comparative Example 2), the present invention (Example 1) can effectively reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used in sugarcane, and increase the fertilizer partial productivity of 84.24 kg / kg and 71.49 kg / kg in the sugarcane areas on the shady side and sunny side, respectively, to achieve the purpose of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer and increasing its efficiency. The raw materials of the granular bio-organic fertilizer applied by the present invention mainly come from the by-products such as filter mud, bagasse, and chimney ash of sugar-making enterprises, which promotes the extension of the industrial chain, realizes the transformation of waste into treasure and green transformation, is ecological and environmentally friendly, and is also convenient for mechanized fertilization. In addition, planting green manure or vetiver on the slopes of mountain sugarcane areas can reduce soil erosion and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for sugarcane to a certain extent.

[0080] The present invention changes the traditional mountain planting model, combines the transformation of mountain sugarcane areas with the change of sugarcane agronomic technology, realizes the full mechanization of sugarcane production, changes the mountain sugarcane planting environment, reduces the labor force in sugarcane production, and realizes large-scale, intensive, mechanized, standardized, and simplified production of sugarcane, which can significantly improve the economic, social, and ecological benefits of the sugarcane planting industry.

[0081] The above embodiments are only typical embodiments of the present invention and are not exhaustive of the protection scope of the present invention. For example, the method of the present invention is based on the method disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, and many modifications and changes are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The selection of terms used in this article is intended to best explain the principles of the various embodiments, practical applications or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other ordinary skill in the art to understand the various embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for spiral slope-down planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas, characterized in that: Here’s how: (1) Construction of spiral slope-down sugarcane planting areas: According to the topography of the mountains, the mountains that are not suitable for mechanized planting are transformed. For mountains with a slope of less than 25 degrees, the original mountains are transformed from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain into a step-by-step spiral slope shape with a width of more than 3 meters. The slope of the spiral slope is less than 10 degrees, forming a spiral slope-down mountain sugarcane planting belt suitable for small and medium-sized mechanized operations; for mountains with a slope greater than 25 degrees, the original topography is retained; for discontinuous sugarcane planting belts with a length of more than 100 meters after the spiral slope-down transformation, a mechanized farming connection surface connecting the upper and lower planting belts is built at both ends or in the middle of the two adjacent planting belts for the passage of small machinery; (2) Spiral mechanized planting: In the transformed spiral slope-shaped mountain sugarcane planting belt, small and medium-sized sugarcane planters are used to carry out spiral mechanized strip sowing of sugarcane, that is, spiral planting is carried out along the planting belt around the mountain. Different cultivation methods are adopted in the sunny and shady areas of the mountain for spiral mechanized planting of sugarcane; on the connecting surface of mechanized farming, strip planting is carried out along the direction of the mechanized farming road; the planted sugarcane varieties are selected to be highly nutritious, perennial, and resistant; sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period are selected in the same mountain sugarcane area; and different sugarcane varieties are selected in different mountain altitude areas; (3) Planting on the slopes of mountain sugarcane: After sugarcane planting is completed, select dwarf green manure plants or vetiver grass suitable for local planting and plant them on the slopes beside the sugarcane planting belt at an appropriate time to continuously improve soil fertility, prevent sugarcane borers, and prevent weed growth.

2. The method for spiral downhill planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the mechanized tillage connection surface described in step (1) is 3-4 m.

3. The method for spiral downhill planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sugarcane variety with high nutritional efficiency, strong perennial root and strong stress resistance in step (2) is one or two of Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Yunzhe 05-49, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 1696, Guiliu 05-136, virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 and New Taitang No.

1.

4. The method for spiral downhill planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the sugarcane variety selection described in step (2), in sugarcane areas with an altitude of 1600-2000 meters, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, and New Taiwan Sugar No. 1 are selected; in sugarcane areas with an altitude of 1200-1600 meters, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, and Yunzhe 141313 are selected; in sugarcane areas with an altitude of 800-1200 meters, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 141313, Yunzhe 1696, Guiliu 05-136, and virus-free healthy seedlings Yuetang 93-159 are selected; in sugarcane areas with an altitude of less than 800 meters, Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-49, Guiliu 05-136, and virus-free healthy seedlings Yuetang 93-159 are selected.

5. A method for spirally descending slope planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that: In step (2), in the same mountain sugarcane area, sugarcane varieties with the same maturity period are selected. The specific selection method is: 1-2 sugarcane varieties are arranged during sugarcane planting, suitable sugarcane varieties are selected according to different altitudes in the sunny sugarcane area, and shade-tolerant Yunzhe 081609 and virus-free healthy seedling Yuetang 93-159 are selected according to different altitudes in the shady sugarcane area.

6. The method for spiral downhill planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The same mountain sugarcane area is an area where the actual area of ​​sugarcane strip mechanical spiral planting after the sugarcane plantation transformation is more than 200 mu.

7. A method for spirally descending slope planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 1, 3, 4 or 6, characterized in that: The spiral mechanized strip sowing in step (2) is specifically carried out by using a sugarcane planter to perform integrated operations of furrowing, sowing and fertilizing, with a mechanical furrowing row spacing of 1.05-1.45 m, a furrowing depth of 30-50 cm, a sowing amount of 0.8-13 thousand buds / mu, and a planting depth of 5-12 cm; mechanized fertilization is used, and then full film covering is performed.

8. The method for spiral down-slope planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (2), the spiral strip sowing of sugarcane in the mountainous area is performed by first planting the sugarcane area on the shady side of the mountain and then planting the sugarcane area on the sunny side; mechanized planting is performed on the shady side of the mountain, with a mechanical furrowing row spacing of 1.05-1.25 m, a furrowing depth of 30-40 cm, a seeding amount of 0.8-10,000 buds / mu, and a planting depth of 5-10 cm; mechanized planting is performed on the sunny side of the mountain, with a mechanical furrowing row spacing of 1.25-1.45 m, a furrowing depth of 40-50 cm, a seeding amount of 10,000-13,000 buds / mu, and a planting depth of 8-12 cm.

9. A method for spirally descending slope planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The mechanized fertilization comprises the following steps: when planting on the shady side, 80-100 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 160-200 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer are selected as base fertilizers, and when planting on the sunny side, 30-36 kg / mu of sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 120-160 kg / mu of granular bio-organic fertilizer are selected as base fertilizers, and then the whole land is covered with a film, and the film is uncovered during the tillering period of the sugarcane for topdressing and soiling, and the sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is used for topdressing, the amount of topdressing is 70-84 kg / mu, and the thickness of the soiling is 10-15 cm.

10. The method for spiral downhill planting of sugarcane in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dwarf green manure plants planted on the slope in step (3) are one or more of white clover, alfalfa, hairy / glossy vetch, Crotalaria foetida, Labrador bean, February orchid, and sweet clover.

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