Method for ecologically breeding percocypris pingi fries

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of breeding of percocypris pingi fries, in particular to a method for ecologically breeding the percocypris pingi fries, which comprises the following steps of: (1) hatching fertilized eggs by adopting an Especially-precedent incubator, and simulating a stimulation process of water flow to fish egg capsule skins in a natural environment; (2) transferring the larvae in the mouth to an outdoor fishpond, and selecting zooplankter as initial feed; (3) after the fry are bred for a period of time, starting to feed and domesticate the percocypris pingi with microparticle feed; (4) after the fish fries grow to more than 3cm, transferring the fish fries into a simulated ecological fish pond for running water culture; after the fries adapt to the environment, the feeding amount is increased; when the water temperature is lower than 5 DEG C, feeding is conducted once every other day; after a period of time, wild training is carried out on the gold sand percocypris pingi fries until the specification of the gold sand percocypris pingi fries can reach 11-13 cm, and then the breeding specification is reached; the method can improve the field adaptability of artificially releasing the percocypris pingi fries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Jinsha sea bass carp seedling cultivation, and in particular to a method for ecologically cultivating Jinsha sea bass carp seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Jinsha perch is an animal of the genus Perch of the family Cyprinidae, also known as river carp and flower carp. It is mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Juveniles are mostly found along the banks of tributaries or main streams, while adults swim in the middle and upper layers of open water areas. It is a ferocious carnivorous fish that moves quickly. Juvenile Jinsha perch mainly feed on crustaceans and insect larvae, while adults mainly feed on other wild fish. Individuals are relatively large, generally 1-3 kg, and the largest individual caught has reached 9 kg. The 3-year-old fish reaches sexual maturity, and the breeding season is about June every year. The spawning site is in the rapid river section, and the spawning time is from February to April every year. The number of eggs carried is generally 30,000 to 80,000. The breeding requirements are that the dissolved oxygen in the water body should be high, the water quality should be fresh, and the optimal water temperature for growth should be 11-17℃.

[0003] With the development of hydropower and the deterioration of the ecological environment, the natural population of Jinsha perch has sharply decreased. Jinsha perch has been listed in the second level of the "List of Key Protected Wildlife in China". (Wild populations only). Therefore, in order to alleviate the impact of hydropower development on river fish resources, the construction of fish reproduction and release stations and the implementation of artificial reproduction and release have become important measures to protect aquatic biodiversity. Improving the ecological adaptability of released seedlings is the core of restoring and improving aquatic ecology. Similar to the captive giant panda, the process of artificially breeding Jinsha perch seedlings should fully consider their biological characteristics in the wild, meet their food habits, living environment and other needs, and train their ability to hunt and avoid enemies.

[0004] However, as a ferocious carnivorous fish, maintaining a certain number of high-quality populations in the wild plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the species balance in the waters and maintaining the health of the aquatic ecology. At present, Jinsha perch can be artificially bred in most fish breeding and release stations, and the seedlings can reach a certain number, but the cultivation of seedlings usually adopts the model of "early factory production + later outdoor ordinary fish pond cultivation". The main characteristics are that the early living environment is relatively superior, artificial compound feed is fed throughout the process, and the necessary ecological environment and special survival training are lacking in the later stage. Due to the great difference from the living conditions in the wild, the adaptability of artificially released Jinsha perch seedlings to the river ecological environment, including predation, swimming, hiding, etc., is relatively weak, and their survival in the wild is facing a more serious test. Summary of the invention

[0005] The breeding method of the present invention is not based on the number of seedlings, but focuses on the living environment, bait and wild training of golden sand carp, and takes the wild vitality of golden sand carp seedlings after release as the main breeding goal; its purpose is to provide a method for ecologically breeding golden sand carp seedlings, which can improve the wild adaptability of artificially released golden sand carp seedlings.

[0006] First, the Yushchenko incubator is used as the incubation equipment for fertilized eggs, simulating the stimulation process of water flow on the fish egg sac skin in the natural environment; the mode of raising the incubation water temperature and maintaining a constant temperature through temperature control equipment and circulating water system in the workshop is abandoned, and river water is used as the incubation water source, accepting the diurnal fluctuation of water temperature under the natural rhythm, allowing the incubation time of fertilized eggs to be extended and the situation where some embryos stop developing due to various reasons is subsequently abandoned.

[0007] Specifically, the embodiments of the present invention are implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for ecologically cultivating Jinsha perch carp seedlings comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) Hatching: In April, Jinsha perch enter the breeding period. Dry artificial insemination is used to squeeze the eggs of female Jinsha perch and the sperm of male fish into a basin at the same time. After stirring, river water is added and the mixture is left to stand for 3 minutes to obtain fertilized eggs. The fertilized eggs are placed in a Yushchenko incubator for hatching. River water is used as the hatching water source. At the same time, the fertilized eggs are hatched through a shower just above the screen frame of the Yushchenko incubator. The water source is natural river water. The Yushchenko incubator's automatic device pulls and forms a water flow every 30 minutes. During the hatching process, the fertilized eggs are exposed to natural light but are protected from direct sunlight. The fertilized eggs are exposed to the diurnal fluctuations of water temperature under the natural rhythm, and the incubation time of the fertilized eggs is allowed to be extended and some embryos stop developing due to various reasons. The stimulation process of water flow on the fish egg sac skin in the natural environment is simulated until the fry hatch out of the membrane.

[0010] The cultivation of fry is to transfer the fry of Jinsha perch carp with horizontal swimming ability directly to the outdoor fish pond instead of following the conventional workshop production process, so that the fry can contact with nature, feel the sunshine and adapt to nature at the first time. At the same time, the direct use of artificial compound feed as the fry bait is abandoned, and natural zooplankton is used as the fry bait. In addition to the better nutritional value, it can also fully train their active predation and swimming abilities, and restore their living scenes in the wild. The details are as follows:

[0011] (2) Fry cultivation: After the fry have emerged from the membrane, when the yolk sac is almost completely absorbed, the incubator is transferred to an outdoor fish pond for cultivation; the fish pond is cultured with plankton bait for the fry to eat; the fish pond is a static water environment with oxygenation; the plankton bait is zooplankton such as rotifers and cladocerans;

[0012] The cultivation of plankton bait has been completed in the fish pond in the early stage to meet the feeding needs of the Jinsha perch fry. The fry have relatively weak swimming ability. In the wild, they mainly live in the backwater bay of natural rivers at this stage. The water body is relatively stable, with small fluctuations and rich bait organisms. Therefore, the fry cultivation pond is a static water environment supplemented by oxygenation.

[0013] (3) Small-sized seedling cultivation: This stage is a natural continuation of the starter fry. After 20 to 30 days of cultivation, the plankton food in the fish pond is significantly reduced. At this time, microparticle feed is used to feed the domesticated golden sand perch carp; the daily feeding amount is 1 to 3% of the fry body weight;

[0014] (4) Cultivation of large-sized seedlings: After 35 to 40 days of cultivation, when the fry grow to more than 3 cm, they are transferred to the simulated ecological fish pond for flowing water culture. They are fed three times a day, and the feeding amount is 2 to 4% of the body weight of the fry in the simulated ecological fish pond. The environment of the simulated ecological fish pond is controlled to simulate the river environment. In July and August, the opening of the water inlet valve of the simulated ecological pond is increased, and an overflow drainage hole is set at the water level of 1.2-1.4m to simulate the situation of increased river flow and flow rate. After the fry adapt to the environment and the water temperature is suitable, the feeding amount is increased; when the water temperature is below 5℃, they are fed once every other day; in March of the following year, the golden sand carp seedlings are trained in hunting and swimming abilities. When the size of the golden sand carp seedlings can reach 11-13cm and have a certain ability to survive in the wild, the fry have reached the cultivation specifications.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (4), the microparticle feed comprises, by weight: 20-50 parts of fish meal, 20-30 parts of casein, 1-5 parts of fish oil, 1-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 10-20 parts of dextrin, 0.01-0.05 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1-5 parts of allicin, and 1-5 parts of reduced glutathione.

[0016] The invention uses fish meal and soybean meal as protein sources, fish oil and soybean lecithin as main fat sources, dextrin as carbohydrate source, and adds reduced glutathione, chitosan oligosaccharide and allicin to improve the growth performance, immune performance and antioxidant capacity of fry, thereby improving the health level and survival rate of the body in the juvenile stage; this is mainly due to the fact that glutathione is a non-protein sulfhydryl compound, which, as a substrate of two antioxidant enzymes, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, participates in the decomposition of peroxides and can stabilize the sulfhydryl enzymes, thereby fundamentally improving the antioxidant capacity of the juvenile body; and the addition of allicin can promote the activities of glutathione and glutathione S-transferase, and with the assistance of a small amount of chitosan oligosaccharide, promotes the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in serum, improves the liver metabolism level of the juvenile fish and the antioxidant capacity of the body; thereby, the detoxification function of the liver of the juvenile fish is enhanced as a whole, and the activities of the immune enzymes and antioxidant enzymes of the juvenile fish are improved.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (4), the cross-section of the ecological fish pond is river-like, the bottom and both sides are paved with pebbles, and multiple turns are formed, and there are trees on both sides of the ecological fish pond to form a shade for the golden sand perch to hide.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (4), after the golden sand perch fry enter the ecological fish pond, the micro-particle feed with a particle size of 0.2 mm is gradually transitioned to a floating feed with a particle size of 0.3 mm. When the fry size reaches 4 cm, the particle size of the floating feed is adjusted to 1.0 mm. The bait fish is fed once a week, and the feeding amount each time does not exceed half of the number of golden sand perch in the ecological fish pond.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (4), 2 weeks before the fry reach the breeding specifications and are released, the swimming ability of the Jinsha carp fry is intensively trained: artificial flow is created for at least 30 minutes every day to form a water flow speed of 0.5-0.8m / s.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (4), the hunting and swimming ability of the golden sand perch fry is trained in the wild: artificially bred schizothorax fry are used as their hunting targets, so that while cultivating their wildness, they are also familiar with the food of life in the wild in advance; secondly, swimming ability training is carried out by adjusting the opening of the water inlet valve of the simulated ecological pond and using a submersible pump to increase the water flow rate in the simulated ecological fish pond to enhance the movement ability of the golden sand perch, so as to lay a solid foundation for its successful survival in the wild after being released.

[0021] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention simulates the incubation environment of fertilized eggs of golden sand carp in the wild, and allows embryonic development to proceed naturally by providing a natural water source, fluctuating water temperature, and flowing water, which helps to improve the survival ability of fry in the wild.

[0023] 2. The present invention adopts a three-stage cultivation method of open seedling cultivation, small-sized seedling cultivation and large-sized seedling cultivation according to the physiological characteristics of Jinsha sea bass seedlings, and is equipped with naturally cultivated zooplankton, river-like ecological fish ponds, palatable bait fish, microparticle feed and outdoor survival ability training. While cultivating a healthy body, its outdoor survival ability is also improved.

[0024] 3. The microparticle feed of the present invention can significantly improve the growth performance, immune performance and antioxidant capacity of fry, thereby improving the body health level and survival rate in the juvenile stage, so as to have better survival ability in the wild, and lay a solid foundation for its successful survival in the wild after release. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] (1) On April 20, 2022, at the fish breeding and release station in the middle reaches of the Yalong River, a female golden sand sea bass broodstock laid more than 20,000 eggs and was paired with a male golden sand sea bass. Dry artificial insemination was used to squeeze the eggs of the female golden sand sea bass and the sperm of the male fish into a pre-prepared plastic basin at the same time. After stirring evenly, river water was added and the mixture was left to stand for 3 minutes. The fertilized eggs were then spread flat on the sieve frame of the Yushchenko incubator and incubated by spraying water directly above the sieve frame. The water source was natural river water. The automatic device of the Yushchenko incubator pulled and formed a water flow every 30 minutes. During the incubation process, the fertilized eggs were exposed to natural light but avoided direct sunlight. The temperature of the river water used for incubation fluctuated between 11 and 14°C. The incubation lasted 10 days, with a fertilization rate of 80% and a hatching rate of 85%.

[0028] (2) Ten days after the fry emerged from the membrane, when the fry were basically able to swim freely, 20 fry were randomly selected, and the average total length was measured to be 1.0 cm. They were all transferred to an outdoor circular fish pond with a diameter of 18 meters and a depth of 2 meters. The water level was 1.2 meters. A large number of zooplankton such as rotifers and cladocerans had been cultivated in the pond. The fry of the ...

[0029] (3) From the third week onwards, the zooplankton in the pond decreased significantly, and the fish were fed with microparticle feed with a particle size of 0.2 mm, once in the morning and once in the evening every day. After 3 weeks in the pond, the average total length was 2.4 cm, and by the fifth week, they had basically reached the size of inch pieces. The microparticle feed, calculated by weight, included: 40 parts of fish meal, 25 parts of casein, 5 parts of fish oil, 5 parts of soy lecithin, 15 parts of dextrin, 0.03 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5 parts of allicin, and 5 parts of reduced glutathione.

[0030] (4) The cross-section of the ecological pond for breeding large-sized golden sand perch is similar to that of a river channel. The bottom and both sides are paved with pebbles and have many turns. There are trees on both sides of the pond to form a shade, providing shelter for the golden sand perch. The water inflow is controlled by a valve, and an overflow drainage is set at the water level of 1.3m. After the golden sand perch seedlings enter the ecological pond, the micro-particle feed gradually transitions to a floating feed with a particle size of 0.3mm. When the size reaches 4cm, the particle size of the feed is adjusted to 1.0mm, and normal feeding and management are carried out. Bait fish are fed once a week, and the amount each time is controlled to not exceed half of the number of golden sand perch in the ecological fish pond. Two weeks before release, the swimming ability of the golden sand perch seedlings is intensively trained, and artificial flow is created for 30 minutes every day to form a flow of 0.5-0.8m / s.

[0031] After 14 months of cultivation, the specifications of the Jinsha sea bass seedlings can reach 13cm, accounting for 80%, and 11cm, accounting for 15%; the obtained Jinsha sea bass seedlings can successfully prey on bait fish, and have a strong ability to swim against artificial water currents, and have a certain ability to survive in the wild.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the microparticle feed in step (3) includes, by weight, 35 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of casein, 3 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 20 parts of dextrin, 0.01 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2 parts of allicin, and 3 parts of reduced glutathione.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the microparticle feed in step (3) includes, by weight, 45 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of casein, 2 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of soybean lecithin, 15 parts of dextrin, 0.02 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 3 parts of allicin, and 2 parts of reduced glutathione.

[0036] Comparative Example 1

[0037] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the microparticle feed in step (3) does not contain chitosan oligosaccharide, allicin, or reduced glutathione.

[0038] In this comparative scheme, after 14 months of cultivation, the size of the Jinsha sea bass seedlings can reach 13cm, accounting for 3%, the size of the Jinsha sea bass seedlings can reach 11cm, accounting for 20%, and the rest are basically 5-10cm in size, accounting for 75%; the obtained Jinsha sea bass seedlings are basically unable to prey on bait fish, and have weak ability to swim against artificial water currents, and have poor survival ability in the wild.

[0039] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecologically cultivating Jinsha perch carp seedlings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Incubation: The fertilized eggs are placed in an incubator for incubation, and river water is used as the incubation water source. The water temperature fluctuates day and night under the natural rhythm, and the incubation time of the fertilized eggs is allowed to be extended and some embryos stop developing due to various reasons. The stimulation process of water flow on the egg cyst skin in the natural environment is simulated until the fry hatch out of the membrane; (2) Fry cultivation: After the fry have emerged from the membrane, when the yolk sac is almost completely absorbed, the incubator is transferred to an outdoor fish pond for cultivation; the fish pond is cultured with plankton bait for the fry to eat; the fish pond is a static water environment with oxygenation; the plankton bait is zooplankton such as rotifers and cladocerans; (3) Small-sized seedling cultivation: After 20 to 30 days of cultivation, the plankton food in the fish pond is significantly reduced, and then microparticle feed is used to feed the domesticated Jinsha perch carp; (4) Cultivation of large-sized seedlings: After 35 to 40 days of cultivation, when the fry grow to more than 3 cm, they are transferred to ecological fish ponds for flowing water culture and fed three times a day at a feeding amount of 2 to 4% of the fry's body weight. The ecological fish pond environment is controlled to simulate the river environment. After the fry adapt to the environment, the feeding amount is increased. When the water temperature is below 5°C, they are fed once every other day. After a period of time, the golden sand carp seedlings are trained in hunting and swimming abilities. When the size of the golden sand carp seedlings can reach 11 to 13 cm and they have a certain ability to survive in the wild, the fry have reached the cultivation specifications.

2. The method for ecologically cultivating Jinsha carp seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the fertilized eggs are spread flat on the screen frame of the incubator and incubated by spraying water directly above the screen frame. The water source is natural river water, and the incubator automatic device pulls and forms a water flow every 30 minutes. During the incubation process, the fertilized eggs receive natural light but avoid direct sunlight.

3. The method for ecologically cultivating Jinsha perch carp seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before step (1), the method also includes spawning and collecting fertilized eggs: using dry artificial insemination, the eggs of female Jinsha perch and sperm of male fish are squeezed into a basin at the same time, and after stirring, river water is added and allowed to stand for a period of time to obtain fertilized eggs.

4. The method for ecologically cultivating Jinsha perch carp seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the microparticle feed, measured in parts by weight, includes: the microparticle feed, measured in parts by weight, includes: 20-50 parts of fish meal, 20-30 parts of casein, 1-5 parts of fish oil, 1-5 parts of soybean lecithin, 10-20 parts of dextrin, 0.01-0.05 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1-5 parts of allicin, and 1-5 parts of reduced glutathione.

5. The method for ecologically cultivating Jinsha perch carp seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the cross section of the simulated ecological fish pond is like a river channel, the bottom and both sides are paved with pebbles, and multiple turns are formed. There are trees on both sides of the simulated ecological fish pond to form a shade for the golden sand perch to hide.

6. The method for ecologically cultivating Jinsha perch carp seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the ecological fish pond environment is controlled in July-August, and the water inlet valve opening of the ecological fish pond is increased, and an overflow drain hole is set at a water level of 1.2-1.4m to simulate the situation of increased river flow and flow velocity.

7. The method for ecologically cultivating Jinsha perch carp seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), after the golden sand perch fry enters the ecological fish pond, the micro-particle feed with a particle size of 0.2 mm is gradually transitioned to a floating feed with a particle size of 0.3 mm. When the fry size reaches 4 cm, the particle size of the floating feed is adjusted to 1.0 mm. The bait fish is fed once a week, and the feeding amount each time does not exceed half of the number of golden sand perch in the ecological fish pond.

8. The method for ecologically cultivating Jinsha perch carp seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), 2 weeks before the fry reach the breeding specifications and are released, the swimming ability of the Jinsha carp fry is intensively trained: artificial flow is created for at least 30 minutes every day to form a water flow speed of 0.5-0.8m / s.

9. The method for ecologically cultivating Jinsha perch carp seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), when the hunting and swimming ability of the Jinsha perch fry is trained in the wild, artificially bred schizothorax fry are used as the hunting objects, and at the same time, the water flow speed in the ecological fish pond is increased.