Fermented feed, preparation method thereof and compound feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a fermented feed, a preparation method thereof and a compound feed, the fermented feed comprises the following raw materials: a fermentation substrate and a fermentation inoculant, and the fermentation substrate comprises pumpkin seed shells; the fermentation inoculants comprise lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus licheniformis and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the preservation number of the lactobacillus plantarum is CCTCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) NO: M 20221710, and the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No.31537. The fermented feed disclosed by the invention has the effects of sterilizing and protecting intestines, inhibiting proliferation of clostridium perfringens and reducing generation of toxins, and is rich in probiotics which can effectively regulate intestinal flora, and the pumpkin seed shells are rich in a large amount of dietary fibers which are beneficial to discharge of toxins and have a repairing effect on intestinal mucosa epithelium; therefore, the fermented feed has positive prevention and treatment effects on enteritis; the feed is soft in texture, mellow in smell and good in palatability, dietary fibers can be digested, intestinal tract movement is facilitated, digestion and absorption are promoted, and the feed has a positive effect on the growth performance of livestock and poultry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of biotechnology, and in particular relates to a fermented feed and a preparation method thereof and a compound feed. Background Art

[0002] Pumpkin is a fruit of the Cucurbitaceae family, which has comprehensive and rich nutrition. Pumpkin seeds are also recognized as functional foods by the medical community at home and abroad. The current utilization of this functional food is often to take the seeds and discard the shells. Under normal conditions, the shell accounts for 60% of the weight of the entire pumpkin seed. If a certain place produces 50,000 tons of pumpkin seeds a year, it is equivalent to about 30,000 tons of shells that may be abandoned. A large amount of dietary fiber in the pumpkin seed shells is wasted and also causes certain environmental pollution. Pumpkin seed shells are rich in dietary fiber and low levels of starch, protein, vitamins, minerals, fats, etc. The nutritional components and functional components of pumpkin seed shells have a positive effect on improving the body's immunity, improving intestinal health, lowering blood pressure, and lowering blood lipids.

[0003] However, the current research on pumpkin byproducts mainly focuses on human health, and there is very little research on their application in animal production. Therefore, it is a technical problem that those skilled in the art need to solve urgently to reasonably apply pumpkin seed waste, namely pumpkin seed shells, as animal feed raw materials. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fermented feed and a preparation method thereof and a compound feed, so as to improve the palatability of the fermented feed, increase the total acid and lactic acid content of the fermented feed, achieve a positive effect on the daily weight gain and daily feed intake of meat poultry, reduce the feed-to-meat ratio, reduce the diarrhea rate and mortality rate, and increase economic benefits.

[0005] The present invention provides a fermented feed, wherein the raw materials of the fermented feed include: a fermentation substrate and a fermentation agent

[0006] The fermentation substrate includes pumpkin seed husks;

[0007] The fermentation bacteria include: Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae;

[0008] The plant lactobacillus is named as Lactobacillus plantarum TRS-16, which is deposited in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) with a deposit number of CCTCC NO: M 20221710 and a deposit date of November 2, 2022;

[0009] The Bacillus licheniformis is named Bacillus licheniformis and is deposited in the General Microbiology Center (CGMCC) of the China Microorganism Culture Collection Administration with a deposit number of CGMCC No.31537 and a deposit date of August 5, 2024.

[0010] In the fermented feed of the present invention, pumpkin seed shells are introduced into the fermentation matrix, and the corresponding fermentation agent is studied and optimized for the introduced pumpkin seed shells, so as to obtain the fermented feed of the present invention. Since the crude fiber content in pumpkin seed shells is relatively high, insoluble dietary fibers such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin result in a rough taste and poor functionality, which limits its reprocessing and utilization. The fermentation agent optimized for pumpkin seed shells of the present invention includes Lactobacillus plantarum TRS-16, Bacillus licheniformis TRS035 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The optimized fermentation agent and the fermentation matrix containing pumpkin seed shells are fermented, and the synergistic effect is achieved, and the obtained fermented feed has the following beneficial effects:

[0011] 1. It can increase the content of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in pumpkin seed shells, and can also effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of dietary fiber, such as water holding capacity and swelling capacity, greatly improve the utilization rate of dietary fiber in pumpkin seed shells, and reduce crude fiber in pumpkin seed shells after fermentation, and improve palatability.

[0012] 2. Compared with unfermented pumpkin seed shell feed, the pumpkin seed shell in the fermented feed of the present invention has significantly increased total acid and lactic acid content after being fermented using the fermentation agent of the present invention, and is also rich in active substances such as digestive enzymes, antibacterial factors, vitamins, etc., thereby improving the feed quality.

[0013] 3. The preparation method of fermented feed of the present invention develops a pumpkin seed shell fermented feed, which fills the gap in pumpkin seed shells in feed processing and production applications. The reuse of pumpkin seed shells can effectively save breeding costs and increase economic benefits. It can also reduce waste emissions and turn waste into treasure. It has important research significance for solving the shortage of feed raw materials in my country and improving animal production performance and health status. In the context of a comprehensive ban on antibiotics, the prospect of using its antibacterial and antioxidant functions as an alternative to antibiotics feed is broad.

[0014] Preferably, the brewer's yeast is purchased from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., product number: Kelibeijian, 82000657.

[0015] Preferably, in the fermentation agent, the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum TRS-16 is ≥ 1.0×10 8 CFU / g, the viable count of Bacillus licheniformis TRS035 is ≥1.0×10 8 CFU / g, the viable count of the brewer's yeast is ≥1.0×10 6 CFU / g.

[0016] In the fermentation agent of this scheme, the viable cell count of the Lactobacillus plantarum TRS-16 is ≥ 1.0×10 8 CFU / g, the viable count of Bacillus licheniformis TRS035 is ≥1.0×10 8 CFU / g, the viable count of the brewer's yeast is ≥1.0×10 6 CFU / g, the live bacteria count concentration of the above strains is within the above range, which can ensure sufficient fermentation, further improve the palatability of fermented feed, total acid and lactic acid content, and thus improve the quality of fermented feed.

[0017] Preferably, the fermentation substrate further comprises one or more of corn, wheat, soybean meal, wheat bran and sugar.

[0018] Preferably, calculated by mass, the corn or wheat comprises 10 to 30 parts, soybean meal 10 to 15 parts, wheat bran 35 to 55 parts, pumpkin seed hulls 20 to 40 parts, and sugar 1 to 3 parts.

[0019] Preferably, the sugar includes at least one of brown sugar, white sugar, black sugar and glucose.

[0020] Preferably, the mass ratio of the fermentation substrate to the fermentation bacteria is 100:(0.3-1).

[0021] The present invention provides a method for preparing the fermented feed, comprising the following steps:

[0022] S1. Mixing the fermentation substrate, the fermentation agent and water to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0023] S2. fermenting the fermentation mixture to obtain fermented feed.

[0024] Preferably, in step S1, the mass ratio of water to fermentation substrate is 35% to 40%.

[0025] In step S1 of this solution, the mass ratio of water to fermentation substrate is 35% to 40%, which can not only ensure the quality of the fermented feed, but also prevent the fermented feed from mildewing and extend the shelf life.

[0026] Preferably, in step S2, the fermentation temperature is 36-38°C.

[0027] In step S2 of this solution, the fermentation temperature is 36-38° C., which is the optimal temperature range for bacterial reproduction and can improve the quality of fermented feed.

[0028] Preferably, in step S2, the fermentation time is ≥ 3 days.

[0029] In step S2 of this solution, the fermentation time is ≥ 3 days, which can ensure the quality of the fermented feed.

[0030] The invention also provides a compound feed, comprising the fermented feed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the results of in vitro antibacterial tests on feeds prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 (indicator bacteria: Clostridium perfringens).

[0032] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the results of in vitro antibacterial tests on feeds prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 (indicator bacteria: Clostridium perfringens). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are generally based on conventional conditions. The reagents or instruments used in this application without specifying the manufacturer are all commercially available.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Preparation of Lactobacillus plantarum

[0037] S1. Preparation of seed solution: Take purified Lactobacillus plantarum (named Lactobacillus plantarum TRS-16, deposited in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), with a deposit number of CCTCC NO: M20221710 and a deposit date of November 2, 2022) and inoculate it into sterile MRS broth medium at 37°C, anaerobic conditions, and constant temperature culture for 12 hours to prepare seed solution;

[0038] S2. Liquid fermentation: Add MRS liquid culture medium and organosilicon defoamer to the fermenter for sterilization, and the mass ratio of organosilicon defoamer to culture medium is 100:0.05. The seed liquid cultured in step S1 is inoculated into the fermenter at a volume ratio of 1.5% of the seed liquid to the culture medium and cultured for 48 hours until the pH is lower than 4.0. The fermentation conditions are: tank pressure 0.01Mpa, ventilation volume 0L / min, rotation speed 120r / min, temperature 37°C, and obtain plant lactobacillus.

[0039] Preparation of Bacillus licheniformis

[0040] S1. Preparation of seed solution: Pick activated Bacillus licheniformis (named Bacillus licheniformis, deposited in the General Microbiology Center of China Microorganism Culture Collection Administration (CGMCC), with a deposit number of CGMCC No.31537 and a deposit date of August 5, 2024) colonies and inoculate them into sterile LB medium. The culture conditions are 37°C, aerobic, constant temperature shaking incubator for 10 hours, and a speed of 200 r / min to prepare seed solution;

[0041] S2. Liquid fermentation: LB culture medium and organosilicon defoamer are added to the fermenter for sterilization, and the mass ratio of organosilicon defoamer to culture medium is 100:0.05. The seed liquid prepared in step S1 is inoculated into a sterilized LB culture medium fermenter at an inoculum amount of 3% (volume ratio of seed liquid to culture medium) for culture, and the fermentation conditions are: tank pressure 0.05Mpa, air flow 15L / min, rotation speed 225r / min, temperature 37°C, fermentation culture for 48h, and obtain Bacillus licheniformis.

[0042] Preparation of fermentation agent

[0043] The prepared Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus licheniformis were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:0.3, and then Saccharomyces cerevisiae (purchased from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd., product number: Kelibeijian, 82000657) was added, the bacterial solution was fully mixed, canned and sealed to obtain a fermentation agent (in the fermentation agent, the number of viable Lactobacillus plantarum was 2.0×10 8 CFU / g, the number of viable Bacillus licheniformis was 1.5×108 CFU / g, the viable count of the brewer's yeast is 1.0×10 6 CFU / g).

[0044] A method for preparing fermented feed

[0045] S1. Dry the pumpkin seed shells at 105°C for 3 h, crush them for 18 min, and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0046] S2. Weigh 14 parts of corn, 10 parts of soybean meal, 45 parts of wheat bran, 30 parts of pumpkin seed shells, and 1 part of glucose according to mass, mix them evenly, and obtain a fermentation matrix.

[0047] S3. Add the fermentation bacteria prepared as above to the fermentation substrate at a ratio of 0.5% by mass, while ensuring that the mass ratio of initial moisture to fermentation substrate is 37%. Mix evenly, put into a bag with a breathing valve and seal for fermentation. The fermentation temperature is 37°C and aerobic fermentation is performed. The fermentation is completed after 4 days to obtain fermented feed.

[0048] The fermented feed prepared by the method of Example 1 has a soft texture, a mellow smell and good palatability.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] Preparation method of unfermented pumpkin seed shell feed

[0051] S1. Dry the pumpkin seed shells at 105°C for 3 h, crush them for 18 min, and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0052] S2. Weigh 14 parts of corn, 10 parts of soybean meal, 45 parts of wheat bran, 30 parts of pumpkin seed hulls, and 1 part of glucose according to mass, add 37 parts of water, mix well, and obtain unfermented pumpkin seed hull feed.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] The preparation method of the fermented feed in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1 except that pumpkin seed shells are not added to the fermentation matrix.

[0055] Comparative Example 3

[0056] The preparation method of the fermented feed in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 1, except that Lactobacillus plantarum TRS-16 and Bacillus licheniformis TRS035 in the fermentation bacteria are replaced with poultry antimicrobial peptides (purchased from Shandong Baoankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

[0057] Figure 1The results of in vitro antibacterial test of feed prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 (indicator bacteria: Clostridium perfringens). Figure 1 It can be seen that the in vitro antibacterial properties are as follows: Example 1>Comparative Example 2>Comparative Example 3>Comparative Example 1, and since pumpkin seed shells were not added to the fermented feed in Comparative Example 2, the in vitro antibacterial performance was significantly lower than that in Example 1. This fully demonstrates that the addition of pumpkin seed shells to the fermentation matrix in Example 1 makes the fermented feed have a significant inhibitory effect.

[0058] Figure 2 The results of the in vitro antibacterial test of the feed prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 (indicator bacteria: Clostridium perfringens). Figure 2 It can be seen that the in vitro antibacterial performance is from large to small: Example 2>Comparative Example 5>Comparative Example 6>Comparative Example 4, and since pumpkin seed shells are not added to the fermented feed in Comparative Example 5, the in vitro antibacterial performance is significantly lower than that of Example 2. This fully demonstrates that the addition of pumpkin seed shells to the fermentation matrix in Example 1 makes the fermented feed have a significant inhibitory effect.

[0059] The nutritional level test results of the fermented feeds prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1 below.

[0060] Table 1

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] As shown in Table 1, compared with the unfermented pumpkin seed shell feed in Comparative Example 1, the crude fiber of the pumpkin seed shell fermented feed in Example 1 was reduced by 4.35%, the total acid increased by >200%, the lactic acid increased by more than 5 times, and the feed quality was significantly improved. Compared with Comparative Example 3, the crude fiber of the pumpkin seed shell fermented feed in Example 1 was significantly reduced, and the total acid and lactic acid content were significantly superior (total acid increased by 74%, and lactic acid increased by 1.3 times), indicating that the fermentation agent used in this application promotes the degradation of pumpkin seed shell crude fiber, and can also increase the total acid and lactic acid content of the fermented feed.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] The fermentation agent used in this example is the same as the fermentation agent prepared in Example 1.

[0066] S1. Dry the pumpkin seed shells at 105°C for 3 h, crush them for 15 min, and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0067] S2. Weigh 15 parts of corn, 20 parts of soybean meal, 34 parts of wheat bran, 30 parts of pumpkin seed shells, and 1 part of glucose according to mass, mix them evenly, and obtain a fermentation matrix.

[0068] S3. Add the fermentation agent prepared in Example 1 to the fermentation substrate at a ratio of 0.5% by mass, while ensuring that the mass ratio of initial moisture to fermentation substrate is 37%. Mix well, put into a bag with a breathing valve and seal for fermentation. The fermentation temperature is 37°C and aerobic fermentation is performed. The fermentation is completed after 3 days to obtain fermented feed.

[0069] Comparative Example 4

[0070] Preparation method of unfermented pumpkin seed shell feed

[0071] S1. Dry the pumpkin seed shells at 105°C for 3 h, crush them for 15 min, and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0072] S2. Weigh 15 parts of corn, 20 parts of soybean meal, 34 parts of wheat bran, 30 parts of pumpkin seed hulls, and 1 part of glucose according to mass, add 37 parts of water, mix well, and obtain unfermented pumpkin seed hull feed.

[0073] Comparative Example 5

[0074] The preparation method of the fermented feed in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 2 except that pumpkin seed shells are not added to the fermentation matrix.

[0075] Comparative Example 6

[0076] The preparation method of the fermented feed in this comparative example is the same as that in Example 2, except that Lactobacillus plantarum TRS-16 and Bacillus licheniformis TRS035 in the fermentation bacteria are replaced with the trade name of animal antimicrobial peptide (purchased from Shandong Baoankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).

[0077] The nutritional level test results of the fermented feeds prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 are shown in Table 2 below.

[0078] Table 2

[0079]

[0080] As shown in Table 2, the pumpkin seed shell fermented feed of Example 2 has a soft texture, a mellow smell, good palatability, crude protein ≥18%, and total acid ≥30g / kg. Compared with Comparative Example 4, the crude fiber of the fermented feed of Example 2 is reduced by 6.81%, the total acid content is increased by 300%, and the lactic acid is increased by 5 times, indicating that the pumpkin seed shell is fermented by the fermentation agent of the present invention, the pumpkin seed shell fiber structure is changed, the digestible dietary fiber content is increased, and the utilization value of dietary fiber is fully utilized while increasing palatability. Compared with Comparative Example 6, the crude fiber of the pumpkin seed shell fermented feed of Example 2 is significantly reduced, and the total acid and lactic acid content are obviously advantageous (total acid is increased by 57%, and lactic acid is increased by 2.35 times), indicating that the fermentation agent used in the present invention promotes the degradation of pumpkin seed shell crude fiber, and can also increase the total acid and lactic acid content of the fermented feed.

[0081] Effects of feed on growth performance of broiler chickens

[0082] CK: Basic daily diet (Camel brand 817 broiler complete feed produced by Tangrenshen Co., Ltd.)

[0083] T1: basic diet + fermented feed of Example 1, the mass ratio of the basic diet to the fermented feed of Example 1 is 25:1.

[0084] T2: basic diet + fermented feed of comparative example 2, the mass ratio of basic diet to fermented feed of comparative example 2 is 25:1.

[0085] T3: basic diet + fermented feed of comparative example 3, the mass ratio of basic diet to fermented feed of comparative example 3 is 25:1.

[0086] The experiment selected 2000 healthy 1-day-old 817 broiler chickens with uniform body weight and randomly divided them into 4 treatment groups, with 5 replicates in each group and 100 chickens in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The test feed of this test case was designed based on the basic diet formula, and its nutritional ratio and basic diet feeding amount were implemented in accordance with the chicken feeding standard of the agricultural industry standard of the People's Republic of China "NY / T332004".

[0087] Test methods

[0088] Before the experiment, the inside and outside of the chicken house and all feeding utensils were cleaned and disinfected, and the chicken house was sealed and used after one week. CK, T1, T2, and T3 were fed in separate pens, and the mixing method was to mix the basic diet with the fermented feed in proportion and feed it immediately after mixing.

[0089] During the experiment, the chickens were raised by a dedicated person. The temperature was controlled within 28-35℃ and the relative humidity was controlled between 60% and 70% according to their age. The chickens were allowed to eat and drink freely every day, the chicken houses were naturally ventilated, and the pens were kept clean and sanitary.

[0090] Evaluation indicators

[0091] Growth performance indicators include: initial weight, final weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed-to-meat ratio, and mortality rate.

[0092] On the first and last day of the experiment, the rats were weighed on an empty stomach in the morning, and feed consumption, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed / gain ratio (F / G) were calculated.

[0093] Mortality rate = (number of individuals dying per unit time / number of population per unit time) × 100%.

[0094] Test results

[0095] The test results of this test example are shown in Table 3 below.

[0096] Table 3

[0097]

[0098] The P values ​​in Table 3 indicate the significant difference between the CK and T1 groups.

[0099] From Table 3, we can see that:

[0100] 1. T1 can effectively improve the growth performance of broiler chickens. After using the product of the embodiment of the present invention, the daily weight gain of broiler chickens can be increased, and the feed-to-meat ratio and mortality rate can be significantly reduced.

[0101] 2. The fermented feed prepared in Example 1 of the present invention was used to feed broilers. The results of T1 showed that the daily weight gain was about 21.28 g, which was 4.36% higher than that of CK and 5.4% higher than that of T3, and the improvement effect was quite obvious.

[0102] 3. In terms of reducing the mortality rate, there was no death or culling of broiler chickens fed with Example 1 of the present invention during the test period, the CK mortality rate was 0.5%, the T2 mortality rate was 0.1%, and the T3 mortality rate was 0.5%, indicating that the fermented feed of the present invention has significant antibacterial and antiviral effects.

[0103] 4. The feed meat of the T1 group of the present invention was reduced by 2.10% compared with the CK group, and by 1.8% compared with T3, and the feed intake was also improved. This shows that the fermentation agent of the present invention has a positive effect on degrading the crude fiber of pumpkin seed shells and improves the utilization rate of pumpkin seed shell fermented feed.

[0104] 5. Compared with the T2 group, the T1 group of the present invention has an obvious advantage in mortality rate, while the other indexes are comparable, indicating that pumpkin seed shells can be used as feed raw materials in the poultry industry, have no adverse effects on the growth performance of poultry, and have the advantage of replacing antibiotics.

[0105] Effects of feed on growth performance of piglets

[0106] CK: Basic daily diet (Tangrenshen Co., Ltd., Camel brand piglet multi-completion commercial feed)

[0107] T1: basic diet + fermented feed prepared in Example 2, the mass ratio of the basic diet to the fermented feed in Example 2 is 25:1.

[0108] T2: basic diet + fermented feed prepared in comparative example 5, the mass ratio of basic diet to fermented feed in comparative example 5 is 25:1.

[0109] T3: Basic diet + fermented feed prepared from comparative example 6, the mass ratio of basic diet to fermented feed of comparative example 6 is 25:1. 24 pens of piglets weighing about 9.71 kg were selected, with 10 pigs in each pen, and randomly divided into 4 groups, with 6 pens in each group, and the test period was 20 days. Its nutritional ratio and basic diet feeding amount were implemented in accordance with the Agricultural Industry Standard Pig Feeding Standard of the People's Republic of China "NY / T652004".

[0110] Test methods

[0111] Before the experiment, the pig house and all feeding utensils were cleaned, fumigated and disinfected, and used after ventilation and drying for one week. CK and T1 were raised in separate pens, and the pigs were raised in the same house on the ground. They were allowed to eat and drink freely. The temperature was controlled within 28±2℃, and the relative humidity was controlled between 65%±5%. The house was kept ventilated, dry, and clean.

[0112] Evaluation indicators

[0113] Growth performance indicators include: initial weight, final weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed-to-meat ratio, and diarrhea rate.

[0114] On the first and last day of the experiment, the rats were weighed on an empty stomach in the morning, and feed consumption, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed / gain ratio (F / G) were calculated.

[0115] Diarrhea rate = (number of diarrheal animals × number of diarrhea days) / (number of test animals × number of test days) × 100% Appearance index: coat color score.

[0116] Table 4 Fur appearance scoring criteria

[0117] standard score very good 5 better 4 Normal (general) 3 Difference 2 Very bad 1

[0118] Test results

[0119] The test results of this test example are shown in Table 5 below.

[0120] Table 5

[0121]

[0122] The P value in Table 5 indicates the significant difference between CK and T1 groups.

[0123] From Table 5, we can see that:

[0124] 1. The results of T1 show that the growth performance of piglets can be effectively improved. The use of the fermented feed of Example 2 of the present invention can significantly increase the daily weight gain of piglets, reduce the feed-to-meat ratio, and significantly improve diarrhea symptoms.

[0125] 2. The fermented feed prepared in Example 2 of the present invention was used to feed piglets. The results of T1 showed that the daily weight gain was about 593 g, which was 7.85% higher than that of CK and 5.8% higher than that of T3, and the improvement effect was quite obvious.

[0126] 3. In terms of preventing and treating diarrhea in piglets, the diarrhea rate of piglets fed with Example 2 of the present invention was the lowest during the test period, at 1.7%, which was 0.8% lower than that of CK and 0.9% lower than that of T3.

[0127] 4. The feed meat of the T1 group of the present invention was reduced by 2.88% compared with the CK group, and was reduced by 4.0% compared with T3. The hair color of the piglets was bright and smooth, and was significantly improved. This shows that the fermented feed in Example 2 of the present invention can improve the palatability of the piglet compound feed and has a positive effect on improving the body's immunity.

[0128] 5. Compared with the T2 group, the T1 group of the present invention has the advantage of preventing and treating diarrhea in piglets, and the other index data are comparable, indicating that pumpkin seed shell can be used as a feed raw material in the animal husbandry industry, has no adverse effect on the growth performance of piglets, and has the advantage of replacing antibiotics.

[0129] In summary, the present invention illustrates the following two points. First, the fermented feed of the present invention has the effect of sterilization and intestinal protection, fundamentally inhibits the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens, reduces toxin production, and is rich in probiotics (lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus) that can effectively regulate intestinal flora. At the same time, the large amount of dietary fiber rich in pumpkin seed shells is conducive to the discharge of toxins and has a repairing effect on the intestinal mucosal epithelium. Therefore, the fermented feed of the embodiment of the present invention can have a positive preventive and therapeutic effect on enteritis. Second, the feed of the embodiment of the present invention has a soft texture, a mellow smell, and excellent palatability. The digestible dietary fiber is beneficial to intestinal peristalsis and promotes digestion and absorption. Therefore, the feed intake and daily weight gain of the experimental animals in the embodiment of the present invention are significantly improved, thereby improving production performance. The present invention proves that pumpkin seed shell fermented feed has a positive effect on the growth performance of livestock and poultry.

[0130] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermented feed, characterized in that: The raw materials of the fermented feed include: fermentation substrate and fermentation agent The fermentation substrate includes pumpkin seed husks; The fermentation bacteria include: Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; The plant lactobacillus is named as Lactobacillus plantarum TRS-16, which is deposited in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) with a deposit number of CCTCC NO: M 20221710 and a deposit date of November 2, 2022; The Bacillus licheniformis is named Bacillus licheniformis and is deposited in the General Microbiology Center (CGMCC) of the China Microorganism Culture Collection Administration with a deposit number of CGMCC No.31537 and a deposit date of August 5, 2024.

2. The fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the fermentation agent, the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum TRS-16 is ≥ 1.0×10 8 CFU / g, the viable count of Bacillus licheniformis TRS035 is ≥1.0×10 8 CFU / g, the viable count of the brewer's yeast is ≥1.0×10 6 CFU / g.

3. The fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation substrate also includes one or more of corn, wheat, soybean meal, wheat bran and sugar.

4. The fermented feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, the corn or wheat comprises 10 to 30 parts, soybean meal 10 to 15 parts, wheat bran 35 to 55 parts, pumpkin seed shell 20 to 40 parts, and sugar 1 to 3 parts.

5. The fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the fermentation substrate to the fermentation bacteria agent is 100:(0.3-1).

6. A method for preparing the fermented feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Mixing the fermentation substrate, the fermentation agent and water to obtain a fermentation mixture; S2. fermenting the fermentation mixture to obtain fermented feed.

7. The method for preparing fermented feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S1, the mass ratio of water to fermentation substrate is 35% to 40%.

8. The method for preparing fermented feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the fermentation temperature is 36-38°C.

9. The method for preparing fermented feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the fermentation time is ≥ 3 days.

10. A compound feed, characterized in that: The invention comprises the fermented feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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