Temperature-increasing and water-fertilizer-retaining system for root systems of mobile jujube trees in

Abstract

A temperature-increasing and water-fertilizer-retaining system for a mobile jujube tree root system in a greenhouse is carried out according to the following steps: (1) land leveling and ridging: carrying out land leveling in a greenhouse shed, starting ridging after leveling, and ridging high ridges at intervals in the east-west row direction in the shed; (2) laying heat preservation polystyrene boards: after ridging, carrying out warming treatment on the ridge surface, laying a layer of heat preservation polystyrene boards with the thickness of 5cm at the center of the ridge surface in the vertical direction, leaving no gap between the polystyrene boards, and pressing soil on the polystyrene boards with the thickness of 5cm while laying; and (3) paving a film and adding a leakage pipe, namely leveling the soil on the thermal insulation polystyrene board, forming a groove with the width of 5-6cm in the middle of the soil layer, paving a waterproof film with the width of 75-80cm on the soil layer after the groove is formed, putting a yarn-wrapped leakage pipe with the diameter of 4-5cm in the groove after the waterproof film is paved, and paving a small amount of gravel blocks on the leakage pipe to fill and level up the groove. The method solves the problems of low ground temperature and low soil moisture in the production stage of facility mobile cultivation of Lingwu long jujube, improves and maintains the temperature and humidity of the potted Lingwu long jujube root system, reduces the fertilizer loss, improves the flowering and fruit setting rate, and increases the fresh fruit yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a greenhouse mobile jujube tree root system heating, water retention and fertilizer system. Background Art

[0002] Ningxia Lingwu long jujube is an excellent fresh fruit variety with distinct local characteristics. Its fruit is large, the flesh is crisp, sweet and sour, and its quality is excellent. It is known as the "king of jujubes". In 2020, it was included in the national "famous, special, excellent and new" agricultural product catalog. At present, the planting area of ​​Lingwu long jujube exceeds 10,000 hectares. 2 With an annual output value of over 100 million yuan, it has become a characteristic industry and pillar industry for strengthening the regional economy, adjusting the agricultural industrial structure, and increasing farmers' income.

[0003] The existing Lingwu long jujube facility cultivation is mainly based on solar greenhouses. Conventional greenhouse facility cultivation technology can only advance the maturity of long jujube to June and July. It is fixedly planted in the greenhouse in the form of ridge cultivation and root restriction cultivation. It matures in April and May. There is a blank period before April, and the potential economic benefits are huge. Therefore, the application of mobile cultivation (potted) technology to Lingwu long jujube facility production has great application value. The specific method is to put the potted jujube trees into the cold storage in advance to accumulate cold energy, and then move them into the greenhouse to heat up and germinate after they are satisfied, and carry out normal management to achieve the purpose of early maturity.

[0004] However, the root space of Lingwu long jujube in mobile cultivation facilities is small, and the internal temperature and moisture changes are greatly affected by the environment. The greenhouse heating stage is at the end of autumn and winter, and the soil temperature in the facility is low, especially the low temperature at night has an adverse effect on the temperature maintenance of the root system of mobile cultivation. Secondly, mobile cultivation has certain restrictions on the volume and weight of the substrate, resulting in limited water retention capacity of the substrate and easy drought. In addition, fertilizers will also be lost with water, which will have a negative impact on root growth. Because the root system of mobile cultivation is affected by temperature and moisture, it often causes abnormal growth of jujube trees, manifested as yellow leaves, weak flower buds, less dense disk and juice, falling flowers and fruits, a large proportion of deformed fruits, small fruits, low commodity rate, etc., resulting in low yields. The main reasons are, on the one hand, the unpredictable weather, especially extreme weather (cliff-like cooling, continuous rainy and snowy days, etc.), and on the other hand, the uneven water supply. If there is too much water, it is easy to seep out of the container, resulting in the inability of the root system to absorb it. If there is too little water, the root system will lack water, affecting the growth needs of the jujube tree. The above reasons lead to unstable and large fluctuations in ground temperature and untimely water supply, which have an adverse effect on the growth of Lingwu long jujube. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a greenhouse mobile jujube root temperature increasing and water conservation fertilizer system to solve the problems of low ground temperature and soil moisture in the production stage of Lingwu jujube facility mobile cultivation, improve and maintain the temperature and humidity of the root system of potted Lingwu jujube, reduce fertilizer loss, improve flowering and fruit setting rate, and increase fresh fruit yield.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] Greenhouse mobile jujube tree root system heating, water retention and fertilizer system, the system is implemented according to the following steps:

[0008] (1) Ridge making: The ground in the greenhouse is leveled and ridge making begins after leveling. Taking the south-facing energy-saving solar greenhouse as an example, high ridges are made in the east-west direction. The first ridge on the south side is 130-150 cm away from the front edge of the greenhouse and 1 m away from the back wall. The ridge height is 45-50 cm, the ridge width is 70-80 cm, and the distance between ridges is 140-150 cm. After the ridges are made, they are flattened and compacted. The number of ridge rows is determined according to the span of the greenhouse area, and ridge making is carried out using a leveler and a pull rope.

[0009] (2) Laying thermal insulation polystyrene boards: After ridge formation, the ridge surface is specially treated to increase temperature. A 5 cm thick thermal insulation polystyrene board is laid in the vertical center of the ridge surface, leaving no gaps between the polystyrene boards. Soil is pressed on the polystyrene board while laying. The soil is 5 cm thick. After laying the thermal insulation polystyrene board, it acts as an insulation layer. The soil temperature rises during the day, and less heat is conducted downward at night. The ground is cold at night, and the cold temperature is also conducted upward less. The greenhouse temperature can be controlled at 15-25℃.

[0010] (3) Laying film and installing seepage pipes: After shoveling the soil on the insulation benzene board, dig a 5-6 cm wide groove in the middle of the soil layer. After digging, lay a 75-80 cm wide waterproof film on the soil layer. After laying, put a 4-5 cm diameter yarn wrapped seepage pipe in the groove. In the case of high moisture content, the seepage pipe can absorb excess moisture and discharge it through the seepage pipe outlet; lay a small amount of gravel on the seepage pipe to fill the groove; move the jujube trees and place them neatly, fold up the waterproof film on both sides and hold them with soil masts, fold up the excess waterproof film at both ends, dig holes and pass the seepage pipe through to facilitate drainage.

[0011] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] (1) During the budding stage: suitable temperature can promote branch budding, increase the budding rate, and shorten the time required for budding; water conservation measures can ensure that the soil or substrate maintains appropriate humidity, promote branch budding, and avoid budding failure due to lack of water. (2) During the flowering and fruiting stage: temperature is one of the important factors for flower bud differentiation. Suitable temperature can promote flower bud differentiation, increase the number of flowers, and improve the flowering rate. It is also beneficial to pollen transmission, pollination, and prolong the flowering period, increase the pollination success rate, and thus increase the fruiting rate; the flowering and fruiting period has a high demand for water. Water conservation measures can ensure stable soil moisture, avoid the adverse effects of excessive or insufficient water on flowers and fruits, and reduce the drop of flowers and fruits caused by drought. (3) Maturation stage: higher temperatures can accelerate fruit ripening and promote the accumulation of sugar in the fruit; water conservation measures can ensure that the fruit has sufficient water supply and nutrient accumulation for expansion, thereby improving fruit yield and quality. In summary, the present invention can improve the germination, flowering and fruiting rates of Lingwu jujube in mobile cultivation, reduce the adverse effects of low ground temperature, insufficient or excessive water in winter on potted jujube, increase the yield of fresh fruit, realize the off-season listing of potted Lingwu jujube, and increase the income of fruit farmers and enterprises producing Lingwu jujube. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of laying thermal insulation benzene boards, seepage pipes, and waterproof membranes on ridges according to the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic cross-section of the structure.

[0015] In the figure: 1-ground, 2-earth ridge, 3-insulating polystyrene board, 4-soil layer, 5-waterproof membrane, 6-seepage pipe, 7-gravel, 8-seepage pipe outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The specific implementation manner of the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0017] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the greenhouse mobile jujube tree root system warming, water retention and fertilizer system is implemented according to the following steps:

[0018] (1) Ridge making: The ground in the greenhouse is leveled and ridge making begins after leveling. Taking the south-facing energy-saving solar greenhouse as an example, two high ridges are made in the east-west direction. The first ridge on the south side is 130-150 cm away from the front edge of the greenhouse and 1 m away from the back wall. The ridge height is 45-50 cm, the ridge width is 70-80 cm, and the distance between ridges is 140-150 cm. After the ridges are made, they are flattened and compacted. The number of ridge rows is determined according to the span of the greenhouse area. Ridge making is carried out using a leveler and a pull rope.

[0019] (2) Laying thermal insulation benzene board: After ridge formation, the ridge surface is specially treated to increase temperature. A layer of thermal insulation benzene board 3 with a thickness of 5 cm is laid in the center of the ridge surface in the vertical direction. The thermal insulation benzene board 3 is made of molded polystyrene foam plastic with a combustion performance of B2 level, 5 cm thick, 18 kg density, 60 cm wide and 100 cm long. There is no gap between the thermal insulation benzene boards. The soil is pressed on the thermal insulation benzene boards while laying. The soil thickness is 5 cm.

[0020] (3) Laying film and installing seepage pipes: After shoveling the soil on the thermal insulation benzene board 3, a 5-6 cm wide groove is opened in the middle of the soil layer. After the trench is opened, a 75-80 cm wide waterproof film 5 is laid on the soil layer. The thickness of the waterproof film is 12 threads. After laying, a 4-5 cm diameter yarn wrapped seepage pipe 6 is placed in the groove. A small amount of gravel 7 is laid on the seepage pipe 6 to fill the groove; after moving the jujube trees and arranging them neatly, the waterproof films on both sides are folded up and held with soil masts. The excess waterproof films at both ends are folded up to dig holes for the seepage pipe to pass through for drainage.

[0021] For those skilled in the art, the above-described technical solutions can be modified, or some of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents. However, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A greenhouse mobile jujube tree root system for heating, water conservation and fertilizer preservation, characterized in that: The system implementation is carried out according to the following steps: (1) Ridge making on flat ground: The ground in the greenhouse is leveled, and then ridge making begins. Taking the south-facing energy-saving solar greenhouse as an example, high ridges are made in the east-west direction. The first ridge on the south side is 130-150 cm away from the front edge of the greenhouse and 1 m away from the back wall. The ridge height is 45-50 cm, the ridge width is 70-80 cm, and the distance between ridges is 140-150 cm. After the ridges are made, they are flattened and compacted. The number of rows for ridge making is determined according to the span of the greenhouse area, and ridge making is carried out using a leveler and a pull rope. (2) Laying thermal insulation polystyrene boards: After ridge formation, the ridge surface is specially treated to increase temperature. A layer of 5 cm thick thermal insulation polystyrene boards is laid in the vertical center of the ridge surface, leaving no gaps between the polystyrene boards. The soil is pressed on the polystyrene boards while laying. The soil thickness is 5 cm. After laying the thermal insulation polystyrene boards, the greenhouse temperature can be controlled at 15-25°C. (3) Laying film and installing seepage pipes: After leveling the soil on the thermal insulation benzene board, dig a 5-6 cm wide trench in the middle of the soil layer. After digging, lay a 75-80 cm wide waterproof film on the soil layer. After laying, place a 4-5 cm diameter yarn-wrapped seepage pipe in the groove, and spread a small amount of gravel on the seepage pipe to fill the trench; after moving the jujube trees and arranging them neatly, fold up the waterproof film on both sides and hold them with soil masts. Fold up the excess waterproof film at both ends and dig holes for the seepage pipe to pass through for easy drainage.

2. According to the greenhouse mobile jujube tree root system for increasing temperature, water and fertilizer retention according to claim 1, it is characterized by: The thermal insulation benzene board material is molded polystyrene foam plastic for thermal insulation, with a combustion performance of B2 level, 5 cm thick, a density of 18 kg, a width of 60 cm and a length of 100 cm.

3. The greenhouse mobile jujube tree root system for increasing temperature and retaining water and fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized by: The waterproof membrane has a thickness of 12 filaments.

Images