Method and device for assisting remelting electric arc additive material through high-energy beam

Abstract

The invention provides a high-energy beam assisted remelting electric arc additive manufacturing method and device, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out electric arc welding on a to-be-machined element, and obtaining a first welding part after the to-be-machined element is solidified; and S2, a vibration high-energy beam is adopted for conducting remelting welding on the first welding part through a metal welding wire, a second welding part is obtained, the metal welding wire and at least one element in the to-be-machined element are the same, and the grain diameter of the second welding part is smaller than that of the first welding part, so that a double-phase structure is formed at the weld joint of the to-be-machined element. According to the invention, the welded element can have the advantages of traditional electric arc welding and vibration high-energy welding at the same time, and a stable double-phase structure can be formed between the first welding part and the second welding part. Compared with the conventional welding technology at the present stage, the method has the remarkable advantages of being high in precision, high in strength, wide in application range, high in controllability, capable of remarkably improving the comprehensive performance and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal material additive manufacturing, and in particular to a method and device for high-energy beam-assisted remelting arc additive manufacturing. Background Art

[0002] Write a patent background technology: With the development of the industrial age, cars are becoming more and more popular in life. Aluminum alloy is a common material for car bodies. It is the preferred material for achieving lightweight structure because of its low density, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good plasticity, excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.

[0003] Arc additive manufacturing is currently the most widely used additive welding technology. However, under the action of the high-energy heat source of arc additive manufacturing, on the one hand, not only will a large number of huge pores be generated inside the sample, but on the other hand, the controllability and precision of arc additive manufacturing are low, making it difficult to meet the high-precision processing needs of many industries.

[0004] At present, in order to solve the above problems, the industry is trying to use laser additive manufacturing instead of traditional arc additive manufacturing. Laser additive manufacturing heat source has the advantages of high energy density, low heat input, precise energy control, and high forming accuracy. However, laser additive manufacturing has high processing costs and low processing efficiency, and is difficult to match the rapid processing and production of large parts. Most importantly, it is difficult to adapt to high-reflectivity materials, so its scope of use is greatly limited. Summary of the invention

[0005] To this end, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem of low overall quality of additive welding of products in the prior art, and to provide a method and device for high-energy beam-assisted remelting arc additive welding.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for high-energy beam-assisted remelting arc additive, which comprises the following steps: step S1, arc welding the component to be processed to obtain a first weld after it solidifies; step S2, remelting the first weld at least once through a metal welding wire using a vibrating high-energy beam to obtain a second weld, and the second weld covers the first weld, the metal welding wire is the same as at least one element in the component to be processed, so that the second weld produces an in-situ precipitation phase, wherein the grain diameter of the second weld is smaller than the grain diameter of the first weld, so that a dual-phase structure is formed at the weld of the component to be processed.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, a cold metal transfer arc welding process is used to add material to the weld of the component to be processed, and a shielding gas is introduced into the arc welding molten pool during arc welding to reduce metallurgical pores.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the arc welding molten pool is oscillated during arc welding to promote the discharge of bubbles inside the arc welding molten pool, accelerate the solidification rate and reduce the grain size in the first welding portion.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, a vibrating high-energy beam is used to quickly remelt the previous arc additive deposition layer, and the remelting welding molten pool is periodically stirred to expel residual bubbles on the surface of the first weld part and reduce the grain size in the second weld part. During this process, the first weld part and the second weld part are over-fused.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S2 includes multiple remelting welding, and the parameters of the remelting welding molten pool are regulated to promote heterogeneous nucleation and columnar crystal-equiaxed crystal transformation, so that the second welding portion forms fine equiaxed crystals.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the remelting welding molten pool parameters include a temperature gradient and a solidification rate, wherein in the thickness direction of the second weld portion, the temperature gradient of the remelting welding varies uniformly between 100 and 20°C / mm, and the solidification rate of the second weld portion formed by different remelting welding varies between 10 3 -10 5 ° / s varies evenly.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the wire feeding speed during arc welding is 3-6 m / min, the welding speed is 5-10 cm / s, the power of the arc welding is 1500-3000 W, and the arc welding is one or more of CMT welding, CMT double pulse welding, MIG welding, MIG double pulse welding, TIG welding, and TIG double pulse welding.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the vibrating high-energy beam is one or more of a laser, an electron beam, and an ion beam; the component to be processed contains at least one element of Cu, Zn, and Sn, and the metal welding wire is one or more of Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Zn alloy, Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Zn-Sn alloy, Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn alloy, and Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn-Sn alloy.

[0014] The present invention also provides a high-energy beam assisted remelting arc additive device, which performs high-energy beam assisted remelting arc additive processing through the above-mentioned high-energy beam assisted remelting arc additive method, and comprises: a high-energy beam generator, an arc welding gun and a control system, wherein the high-energy beam generator and the arc welding gun are arranged above the component to be processed, and they are moved above the component to be processed respectively through the control system.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the high-energy beam generator includes a main body, an oscillating welding head, an optical path detection system and a cooling system, wherein the oscillating welding head is arranged at one end of the main body facing the component to be processed, and it oscillates relative to the remelting welding molten pool, the optical path detection system is connected to the main body and is arranged toward the weld of the component to be processed, the cooling system is arranged inside the main body, and the oscillating welding head, the optical path detection system and the cooling system are respectively connected to the control system.

[0016] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The method and device for high-energy beam-assisted remelting arc material addition described in the present invention first realizes fast and efficient welding processing through arc welding, and then remelts the weld through a vibrating high-energy beam, which not only enables the welded components to have the advantages of both traditional arc welding and vibration high-energy welding, but also enables a stable bidirectional structure to be formed between the first welding part and the second welding part, thereby achieving the effect of "1+1>2". Compared with the current conventional welding technology, this application has significant advantages such as high precision, high strength, wide application range, high controllability, and significant improvement in comprehensive performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to make the contents of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for high energy beam assisted remelting arc material addition in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The present invention is based on Figure 1 The microscopic image of pores in the product prepared by the high-energy beam-assisted remelting arc additive method shown; Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional microhardness diagram of the products of Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example of the present invention; Figure 4 The tensile mechanical properties of the products of Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example of the present invention are shown in FIG. Figure 5 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional grain morphology diagram of the product of the comparative example and embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a high-energy beam-assisted remelting arc material addition device in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of the reference numerals in the specification: 100, high energy beam generator; 110, main body; 120, oscillating welding head; 200, arc welding gun. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Embodiment 1

[0021] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a high-energy beam assisted remelting arc material addition method, which is used to weld an Al-Mg-Si-Cu plate with a thickness of 5 mm and a size of 150 mm×50 mm, and specifically includes the following steps: Step S1, arc welding the component to be processed, and obtaining a first welding portion after solidification; in step S1 of this embodiment, a cold metal transition arc welding process is used to add material to the weld of the component to be processed, and a shielding gas is introduced into the arc welding molten pool during arc welding to reduce metallurgical pores, and further, the arc welding molten pool is oscillated during arc welding to promote the discharge of bubbles inside the arc welding molten pool, accelerate the solidification rate and reduce the grain size in the first welding portion. Specifically, the shielding gas in this embodiment is nitrogen, which can reduce the production of pores on the one hand, and accelerate the solidification rate of the molten pool on the other hand, while reducing the grain size. Among them, the arc welding adopts the CMT double-pulse arc additive process, the wire feeding speed is 3.6m / min, the angle between the arc welding gun and the plane to be processed is 57°, the arc starting current is 100%, the arc length correction is 2, the arc stiffness is -2, the welding speed is 5cm / s, and the arc welding power is 1500W. The arc welding additive method adopted in this embodiment is CMT double-pulse welding. In other embodiments, it can also be processed by conventional CMT welding, MIG welding, MIG double-pulse welding, TIG welding, TIG double-pulse welding and the like. The present invention does not make specific restrictions on this. Similarly, in different embodiments, the wire feeding speed during the arc welding can be configured to 3-6m / min, the welding speed can be configured to 5-10cm / s, and the arc welding power can be configured to 1500-3000W.

[0022] Step S2, using a vibrating high-energy beam to perform at least one remelting welding on the first welding part through a metal welding wire to obtain a second welding part, and making the second welding part cover the first welding part, the metal welding wire includes at least one element of Cu, Zn, and Sn, so that the second welding part produces an in-situ precipitation phase including at least one element of Cu, Zn, and Sn, wherein the grain diameter of the second welding part is smaller than the grain diameter of the first welding part, so that a dual-phase structure is formed at the weld of the component to be processed. In this embodiment, the metal welding wire is an Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Zn aluminum alloy material with a diameter of 1.2 mm, which can promote the short-term in-situ precipitation of high-density Cu, Zn, and Sn-containing precipitation phases in the first welding portion to improve the comprehensive performance of the additive manufacturing alloy. Accordingly, for different components to be processed, it can be adjusted to one or more of Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Zn-Sn alloy, Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn alloy, and Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn-Sn alloy according to actual use requirements. In this embodiment, the vibration high-energy beam remelting welding process uses an infrared laser with a power of 2000W, a welding speed of 20mm / s, a swing frequency of 200Hz, and a swing amplitude of 1.5mm for laser remelting. In other embodiments, the vibration high-energy beam remelting welding process can be set to one or more of other lasers, electron beams, and ion beams according to actual use requirements, and the present invention does not make specific restrictions on this.

[0023] Furthermore, step S2 in this embodiment includes multiple remelting weldings, and the remelting welding molten pool parameters are regulated to promote heterogeneous nucleation and columnar crystal-equiaxed crystal transformation, so that the second weld portion forms fine equiaxed crystals. The fine grain structure can reduce the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks, thereby improving fatigue life. In contrast, the coarse grain layer in the first weld portion can absorb more energy through its higher toughness when the fatigue crack of the fine grain layer extends to its area, thereby slowing down the crack propagation rate, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the product through the layered structure of coarse grains and well washing.

[0024] Also, in order to avoid the influence of bubbles on the welding quality of the product, the present embodiment uses a vibrating high-energy beam to quickly remelt the previous arc additive deposition layer during step S2, and periodically stirs the remelting welding molten pool to expel residual bubbles on the surface of the first weld part, and reduce the grain size in the second weld part. During this process, the first weld part and the second weld part are over-fused. In the above process, in order to ensure a uniform transition between each remelting process, parameters such as temperature gradient and solidification rate need to be limited in the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, in the thickness direction of the second weld part, the temperature gradient of the remelting welding varies uniformly between 100 and 20°C / mm, and the solidification rate of the second weld part formed by different remelting welding varies uniformly between 103-105° / s. Based on the above processing process, the present embodiment can form a stable crystalline two-phase layered structure at the weld of the component to be processed. For details, see Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 a) shows the microscopic image of the pores in the upper layer of the crystal at the weld. Figure 2 b) shows the microscopic image of pores in the middle layer of the crystal at the weld. Embodiment 2

[0025] This embodiment provides another high-energy beam assisted remelting arc material addition method, which is used to weld an Al-Mg-Si-Cu plate with a thickness of 5 mm and a size of 150 mm×50 mm. Step S1 is the same as that in the first embodiment, and will not be described in detail here. In this embodiment, in step S2, a vibrating high-energy beam is used to perform multiple melting welding on the first welding part through a metal welding wire to obtain a second welding part, and the second welding part covers the first welding part. Among them, the metal welding wire is an Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Zn aluminum alloy material with a diameter of 1.2 mm. The vibrating high-energy beam remelting welding process uses an infrared laser with a power of 2200 W, a welding speed of 20 mm / s, an oscillation frequency of 200 Hz, and an oscillation amplitude of 1.5 mm for laser remelting. Comparative Example

[0026] In this comparative example, a conventional double-pulse arc is used to directly weld an Al-Mg-Si-Cu plate with a thickness of 5 mm and a size of 150 mm×50 mm. The welding wire used is an Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Zn aluminum alloy material with a diameter of 1.2 mm for welding, so as to compare the performance with the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0027] Figure 3 The cross-sectional microhardness graphs of Example 1, Example 2 and Comparative Example are shown; Figure 4The tensile mechanical properties of Example 1, Example 2 and the comparative example are shown. Based on the above image analysis, it can be seen that the product using the high-energy beam assisted remelting arc material addition method can significantly improve the tensile mechanical properties of the product without affecting the cross-sectional hardness. Accordingly, Figure 5 The longitudinal cross-sectional grain morphology diagrams of the products of the comparative example and embodiment 2 shown can also confirm the above conclusions. Embodiment 3

[0028] See also Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a high-energy beam assisted remelting arc additive device, which performs high-energy beam assisted remelting arc additive processing through the high-energy beam assisted remelting arc additive method described in Example 1, and includes: a high-energy beam generator 100, an arc welding gun 200 and a control system, wherein the high-energy beam generator 100 and the arc welding gun 200 are arranged above the component to be processed, and they are respectively moved above the component to be processed through the control system. Further, the high-energy beam generator 100 includes a main body 110, a swing welding head 120, an optical path detection system and a cooling system, wherein the swing welding head 120 is arranged at one end of the main body 110 facing the component to be processed, and it swings relative to the remelting welding molten pool, the optical path detection system is connected to the main body 110, and is arranged toward the weld of the component to be processed, the cooling system is arranged inside the main body 110, and the swing welding head 120, the optical path detection system and the cooling system are respectively connected to the control system.

[0029] In summary, the method and device for high-energy beam-assisted remelting arc material addition described in the present invention first realizes fast and efficient welding processing through arc welding, and then remelts the weld through a vibrating high-energy beam, which not only enables the welded components to have the advantages of both traditional arc welding and vibration high-energy welding, but also enables a stable bidirectional structure to be formed between the first welding part and the second welding part, thereby achieving the effect of "1+1>2". Compared with the current conventional welding technology, this application has significant advantages such as high precision, high strength, wide application range, high controllability, and significant improvement in comprehensive performance.

[0030] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived from these are still within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for high energy beam assisted remelting arc material addition, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, arc welding is performed on the component to be processed to obtain a first welding portion after solidification; Step S2, using a vibrating high-energy beam to perform at least one remelting welding on the first welding part through a metal welding wire to obtain a second welding part, and making the second welding part cover the first welding part, the metal welding wire is the same as at least one element in the component to be processed, so that the second welding part produces an in-situ precipitation phase, wherein the grain diameter of the second welding part is smaller than the grain diameter of the first welding part, so that a dual-phase structure is formed at the weld of the component to be processed.

2. The method for high energy beam assisted remelting arc material addition according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, a cold metal transfer arc welding process is used to add material to the weld of the component to be processed, and a shielding gas is introduced into the arc welding molten pool during arc welding to reduce metallurgical pores.

3. The high energy beam assisted remelting arc material addition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the arc welding molten pool is oscillated during arc welding to promote the discharge of bubbles inside the arc welding molten pool, accelerate the solidification rate and reduce the grain size in the first welding portion.

4. The high energy beam assisted remelting arc material addition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, a vibrating high-energy beam is used to quickly remelt the previous arc additive deposition layer, and the remelting welding molten pool is periodically stirred to expel residual bubbles on the surface of the first weld part and reduce the grain size in the second weld part. In this process, the first weld part and the second weld part are over-fused.

5. The high energy beam assisted remelting arc material addition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 includes multiple remelting welding, and the parameters of the remelting welding molten pool are adjusted to promote heterogeneous nucleation and columnar crystal-equiaxed crystal transformation, so that the second welding portion forms fine equiaxed crystals.

6. The high energy beam assisted remelting arc material addition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The remelting welding molten pool parameters include temperature gradient and solidification rate, wherein in the thickness direction of the second welding portion, the temperature gradient of the remelting welding changes uniformly between 100 and 20°C / mm, and the solidification rate of the second welding portion formed by different remelting welding changes uniformly between 10 3 -10 5 ° / s varies evenly.

7. The high energy beam assisted remelting arc material addition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the wire feeding speed during arc welding is 3-6m / min, the welding speed is 5-10cm / s, the power of the arc welding is 1500-3000W, and the arc welding is one or more of CMT welding, CMT double pulse welding, MIG welding, MIG double pulse welding, TIG welding, and TIG double pulse welding.

8. The high energy beam assisted remelting arc material addition method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the vibrating high-energy beam is one or more of a laser, an electron beam, and an ion beam; the component to be processed contains at least one element of Cu, Zn, and Sn, and the metal welding wire is one or more of Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Zn alloy, Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Zn-Sn alloy, Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn alloy, and Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn-Sn alloy.

9. A high energy beam assisted remelting arc material adding device, characterized in that: High-energy beam assisted remelting arc additive processing is performed by the high-energy beam assisted remelting arc additive method described in any one of claims 1 to 8, which includes: a high-energy beam generator, an arc welding gun and a control system, wherein the high-energy beam generator and the arc welding gun are arranged above the component to be processed, and they are moved above the component to be processed respectively through the control system.

10. The high energy beam assisted remelting arc material adding device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The high-energy beam generator includes a main body, an oscillating welding head, an optical path detection system and a cooling system, wherein the oscillating welding head is arranged at one end of the main body facing the component to be processed, and it oscillates relative to the remelting welding molten pool, the optical path detection system is connected to the main body and is arranged toward the weld of the component to be processed, the cooling system is arranged inside the main body, and the oscillating welding head, the optical path detection system and the cooling system are respectively connected to the control system.

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