Aluminum-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials, and relates to an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.The Cf / Al composite material prepared through a lamination method serves as a preform frame, the formability of carbon fibers and an aluminum plate is good, and various complex shapes can be formed; a laminated Cf / Al composite material preform frame is prepared by adopting a hot pressing process, mechanical interlocking combination of carbon fibers and aluminum can be improved through the hot pressing process, and the wettability of an aluminum matrix and the carbon fibers is improved; and extrusion casting forming is adopted, the capillary action can be overcome, a SiCp / Al composite material melt is fully infiltrated into a Cf / Al composite material preform frame, meanwhile, the contact time of an aluminum alloy melt and carbon fibers can be shortened through extrusion casting, and therefore the situation that the aluminum melt reacts with the carbon fibers to generate a brittle phase Al4C3 is avoided. Through extrusion casting high pressure, molten aluminum can break through an aluminum oxide layer, aluminum-aluminum bimetal interface bonding is promoted, and the requirements of the track shoe for the aspects of light weight, high rigidity, high toughness and wear resistance of materials can be effectively met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials, specifically to an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, and more specifically to a low-density, high-wear-resistant, high-rigidity, high-toughness aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Track plates are key bearing components of special vehicles such as excavators, tanks and bulldozers. Traditional track plates are mostly made of high manganese steel. For example, the Chinese patent application with publication number CN108907090A discloses a casting process for high manganese steel track plates, which uses high manganese steel to prepare high manganese steel cast track plates through sand casting. However, with the demand for lightweight equipment, the demand for special vehicles to replace steel with aluminum is becoming increasingly urgent, so track plates made of high manganese steel can no longer meet the demand for lightweight modern track plates. For example, the Chinese patent application with publication number CN105398502A discloses a composite structure track plate and a forming method thereof, which uses an inlay casting method to prepare an aluminum-steel bimetallic composite material track plate. Although the bimetal is used to reduce weight, the aluminum-steel bimetal is a heterogeneous metal interface, and the aluminum-steel bimetallic interface is prone to form an aluminum-iron brittle phase, so the interface phase is relatively fragile. The special vehicles used for the track plates usually face a complex application environment, which easily leads to failure of the aluminum-steel bimetallic interface. A Chinese patent application with publication number CN101880789A discloses a semi-solid forming method and a forming mold for a special vehicle aluminum-based composite track plate. The semi-solid forming method is used to prepare a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum-based composite track plate. Although the aluminum-based composite material can significantly reduce the density of the track plate, since SiC particles are hard ceramic particles with poor toughness, such brittle materials are prone to cracking under severe wear conditions, thereby reducing the wear resistance of the material. Silicon carbide particles are prone to fall off from the matrix alloy during the wear process, and the fallen SiC particles will continue to rub against the track plate, increasing damage to the components. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1. Cut the carbon fiber cloth into the corresponding shape of the target product for standby use, and cut the aluminum plate into the same shape as the carbon fiber; place the cut carbon fiber cloth on graphite paper, place the aluminum plate on the carbon fiber cloth, and then place the carbon fiber cloth on the aluminum plate, and repeat this operation to obtain a laminate of alternating carbon fiber cloth and aluminum plate; S2. The laminate is placed in a graphite mold and then placed in a hot press furnace for hot pressing, so that the aluminum plate is pressed into the gap of the carbon fiber cloth, and the carbon fiber cloth and the aluminum plate are pressed into a high-toughness C f / Al composite laminate preform frame; S3, punching the prepared laminated preform frame, and after punching, placing the laminated porous preform frame into a forming mold for shaping; S4, placing the preheated laminated preform frame into the preheated target product mold lower mold, p The / Al composite material melt is poured into the lower mold of the target product mold with the laminated preform frame placed thereon, and the molds are closed and extruded to perform bimetallic liquid-solid composite casting to obtain an aluminum-based composite material.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material described in the present invention, in step S1, the carbon fiber is one of T300, T400, T700, T800, T1000, M30, M40, M55 and M60.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material described in the present invention, in step S1, the aluminum plate is a 2A50 aluminum alloy plate with a thickness of 0.5-2.0 mm.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material described in the present invention, in step S1, the number of layers of carbon fiber cloth in the laminate is 5 to 40, and the uppermost end of the laminate is the carbon fiber cloth.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material described in the present invention, in step S2, the hot pressing temperature is 550-600°C, the hot pressing pressure is 10-50 MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure holding time is 2-8 hours.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material described in the present invention, in the step S3, a hole with a diameter of 1 to 4 mm is punched in the laminated preform frame at intervals of 2 to 10 mm.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material described in the present invention, in step S4, the laminated preform frame is preheated to 500-550°C, and the target product mold is preheated to 250-300°C.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material described in the present invention, in step S4, the extrusion pressure is 60-300 MPa, and the holding time is 30-150 s.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material according to the present invention, wherein: in step S4, SiC p SiC / Al composites p / 2A50 aluminum alloy composite material, the content of silicon carbide particles is 5~20vol%.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material according to the present invention, wherein: in step S4, SiC p The preparation method of the SiC / Al composite material melt is as follows: placing a 2A50 aluminum alloy in a smelting furnace for heating and melting, maintaining the melt temperature at 730-760°C, refining and degassing the aluminum alloy melt, and then reducing the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 630-650°C to reach a semi-solid state. Semi-solid stirring can effectively promote the dispersion of the reinforcement and reduce air entrainment compared to liquid stirring. Lowering the stirring paddle to a distance of 1 / 5-1 / 3 of the melt height from the furnace bottom, starting mechanical stirring, and stirring at a speed of 500-900 r / min. After a vortex appears on the melt surface, silicon carbide particles with a particle size of 3-50 μm are placed in a feeding bin, blown into the melt through a graphite tube with argon gas, and then stirred for 10-40 minutes. After the stirring is completed, the melt temperature rises to 720-750°C to obtain SiC p / Al composite melt.

[0014] To solve the above technical problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An aluminum-based composite material is prepared by the above-mentioned aluminum-based composite material preparation method, wherein the density of the aluminum-based composite material is ≤2.80g / cm 3 , elastic modulus ≥90GPa, friction coefficient ≤0.5, impact toughness ≥15J.

[0015] To solve the above technical problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An application of the above-mentioned aluminum-based composite material as a track shoe.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein a lamination method is used to prepare C f / Al composite material is used as the preform frame. Carbon fiber and aluminum plate have good formability and can be formed into various complex shapes. The laminated C f / Al composite preform frame, through the hot pressing process, can increase the mechanical interlocking of carbon fiber and aluminum, increase the wettability of aluminum matrix and carbon fiber; the use of extrusion casting can overcome the capillary effect to make SiC p The melt of the C / Al composite material fully infiltrates into thef / Al composite material preform frame, while extrusion casting can reduce the contact time between aluminum alloy melt and carbon fiber, so as to avoid the reaction between aluminum melt and carbon fiber to generate brittle phase Al4C3. The high pressure of extrusion casting can make aluminum liquid break through the aluminum oxide layer, promote aluminum-aluminum bimetallic interface bonding, and the present invention can effectively meet the requirements of track plate for material lightweight, high stiffness, high toughness and wear resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the preparation method of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a metallographic diagram of the aluminum-based composite material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0020] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the technical solutions in the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] The present invention provides an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. p / Al reinforced aluminum matrix composites, due to the advantages of carbon fiber with high stiffness, good toughness and the ability to act as a self-lubricant, form SiC p With C f The synergistic enhancement can effectively enhance the friction and wear performance and toughness of the aluminum-based composite material, so that the impact resistance and bending strength of the track plate are improved. Compared with high manganese steel, it can effectively reduce the material density while maintaining excellent friction and wear performance. Compared with aluminum-steel bimetallic composite materials, the present invention uses SiC p / Al composites and C f / Al composite materials have the same matrix alloy, no heterogeneous bimetallic interface, and good interface bonding, so it is not easy to fail.

[0023] According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1. Cut the carbon fiber cloth into the corresponding shape of the target product for standby use, and cut the aluminum plate into the same shape as the carbon fiber; place the cut carbon fiber cloth on graphite paper, place the aluminum plate on the carbon fiber cloth, and then place the carbon fiber cloth on the aluminum plate, and repeat this operation to obtain a laminate of alternating carbon fiber cloth and aluminum plate; S2. The laminate is placed in a graphite mold and then placed in a hot press furnace for hot pressing, so that the aluminum plate is pressed into the gap of the carbon fiber cloth, and the carbon fiber cloth and the aluminum plate are pressed into a high-toughness C f / Al composite laminate preform frame; S3, punching the prepared laminated preform frame, and after punching, placing the laminated porous preform frame into a forming mold for shaping; S4, placing the preheated laminated preform frame into the preheated target product mold lower mold, p The / Al composite material melt is poured into the lower mold of the target product mold with the laminated preform frame placed thereon, and the molds are closed and extruded to perform bimetallic liquid-solid composite casting to obtain an aluminum-based composite material.

[0024] Preferably, in step S1, the carbon fiber is one of T300, T400, T700, T800, T1000, M30, M40, M55 and M60.

[0025] Preferably, in step S1, the aluminum plate is a 2A50 aluminum alloy plate, and its thickness is 0.5-2.0 mm.

[0026] Preferably, in step S1, the number of layers of carbon fiber cloth in the laminate is 5 to 40, and the uppermost end of the laminate is the carbon fiber cloth.

[0027] Preferably, in step S2, the hot pressing temperature is 550-600° C., the hot pressing pressure is 10-50 MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure holding time is 2-8 hours.

[0028] Preferably, in step S3, a hole with a diameter of 1 to 4 mm is punched in the laminated preform frame every 2 to 10 mm to facilitate subsequent melt extrusion infiltration, and to allow the infiltrated melt to form a mechanical interlocking bond with the laminated preform frame. After punching, the laminated porous preform frame is placed in a molding mold for shaping. The carbon fiber and aluminum plate have good ductility and can be easily changed in shape.

[0029] Preferably, in step S4, the laminated preform frame is preheated to 500-550° C., and the target product mold is preheated to 250-300° C. A release agent is sprayed on the surface of the target product mold to facilitate demoulding.

[0030] Preferably, in step S4, the extrusion pressure is 60-300 MPa, and the holding time is 30-150 s.

[0031] Preferably, in step S4, SiC p SiC / Al composites p / 2A50 aluminum alloy composite material, the content of silicon carbide particles is 5~20vol%.

[0032] Preferably, in step S4, SiC p The preparation method of the / Al composite material melt is as follows: placing a 2A50 aluminum alloy in a melting furnace for heating and melting, maintaining the melt temperature at 730-760°C, refining and degassing the aluminum alloy melt, and then reducing the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 630-650°C to reach a semi-solid state. Semi-solid stirring can effectively promote the dispersion of the reinforcement and reduce air entrainment compared to liquid stirring. The stirring paddle is lowered to a distance of 1 / 5-1 / 3 of the melt height from the furnace bottom, and mechanical stirring is started at a stirring speed of 500-900r / min. After a vortex appears on the melt surface, silicon carbide particles with a particle size of 3-50μm (the silicon carbide particles are preheated to 300-500°C to remove surface water molecules and improve the wettability of the silicon carbide particles with the aluminum melt) are placed in a feeding bin, and argon is blown into the melt through a graphite tube, and then stirred for 10-40min. After the stirring is completed, the melt temperature rises to 720-750°C to obtain SiC p / Al composite melt.

[0033] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An aluminum-based composite material is prepared by the above-mentioned aluminum-based composite material preparation method, wherein the density of the aluminum-based composite material is ≤2.80g / cm 3 , elastic modulus ≥90GPa, friction coefficient ≤0.5, impact toughness ≥15J.

[0034] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An application of the above-mentioned aluminum-based composite material as a track shoe.

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1 A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1. Cut the carbon fiber cloth into the corresponding shape of the target product for standby use, and cut the aluminum plate into the same shape as the carbon fiber; place the cut carbon fiber cloth on graphite paper, place the aluminum plate on the carbon fiber cloth, and then place the carbon fiber cloth on the aluminum plate, and repeat this operation to obtain a laminate of alternating carbon fiber cloth and aluminum plate; the carbon fiber is T300, the aluminum plate is 2A50 aluminum alloy plate, and its thickness is 1 mm. The number of layers of carbon fiber cloth in the laminate is 20, and the uppermost end of the laminate is the carbon fiber cloth; S2. The laminate is placed in a graphite mold and then placed in a hot press furnace for hot pressing, so that the aluminum plate is pressed into the gap of the carbon fiber cloth, and the carbon fiber cloth and the aluminum plate are pressed into a high-toughness C f / Al composite material laminate preform frame; hot pressing temperature is 570℃, hot pressing pressure is 30MPa, and heat preservation and pressure holding time is 4h; S3, punching the prepared laminated preform frame, and after punching, placing the laminated porous preform frame into a forming mold for shaping; punching a hole with a diameter of 1 mm at every 3 mm interval on the laminated preform frame to facilitate subsequent melt extrusion infiltration, and to allow the infiltrated melt to form a mechanical interlocking combination with the laminated preform frame, and after punching, placing the laminated porous preform frame into a forming mold for shaping, the carbon fiber and the aluminum plate have good ductility, and can be easily changed in shape; S4, placing the preheated laminated preform frame into the preheated target product mold lower mold, p The SiC / Al composite material melt is poured into the lower mold of the target product mold with the laminated preform frame placed thereon, and the molds are closed and extruded to perform bimetallic liquid-solid composite casting to obtain an aluminum-based composite material; the laminated preform frame is preheated to 530°C, the target product mold is preheated to 270°C, and a release agent is sprayed on the surface of the target product mold to facilitate demolding; the extrusion pressure is 220MPa, and the holding time is 100s; p SiC / Al composites p / 2A50 aluminum alloy composite material, the content of silicon carbide particles is 15vol%; SiC pThe preparation method of the / Al composite material melt is as follows: placing a 2A50 aluminum alloy in a melting furnace for heating and melting, maintaining the melt temperature at 730°C, refining and degassing the aluminum alloy melt, and then reducing the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 640°C to reach a semi-solid state. Semi-solid stirring can effectively promote the dispersion of the reinforcement and reduce air entrainment compared to liquid stirring; lowering the stirring paddle to a distance of 1 / 3 of the melt height from the furnace bottom, starting mechanical stirring, and stirring at a speed of 700r / min. After a vortex appears on the melt surface, silicon carbide particles with a particle size of 38μm (the silicon carbide particles are preheated to 400°C to remove surface water molecules and improve the wettability of the silicon carbide particles with the aluminum melt) are placed in a charging bin, and argon is blown into the melt through a graphite tube, followed by stirring for 20 minutes. After the stirring is completed, the melt temperature rises to 740°C to obtain SiC p / Al composite melt.

[0037] The metallographic image of the aluminum-based composite material prepared in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the silicon carbide particles and carbon fibers are evenly distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix. The density of the aluminum-based composite material prepared in this embodiment is 2.75 g / cm 3 , elastic modulus is 101GPa, friction coefficient is 0.41, and impact toughness is 19J.

[0038] Example 2 A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1. Cut the carbon fiber cloth into the corresponding shape of the target product for standby use, and cut the aluminum plate into the same shape as the carbon fiber; place the cut carbon fiber cloth on graphite paper, place the aluminum plate on the carbon fiber cloth, and then place the carbon fiber cloth on the aluminum plate, and repeat this operation to obtain a laminate of alternating carbon fiber cloth and aluminum plate; the carbon fiber is T800, the aluminum plate is 2A50 aluminum alloy plate, and its thickness is 0.7 mm, the number of layers of carbon fiber cloth in the laminate is 30, and the uppermost end of the laminate is the carbon fiber cloth; S2. The laminate is placed in a graphite mold and then placed in a hot press furnace for hot pressing, so that the aluminum plate is pressed into the gap of the carbon fiber cloth, and the carbon fiber cloth and the aluminum plate are pressed into a high-toughness C f / Al composite material laminated preform frame; hot pressing temperature is 580℃, hot pressing pressure is 40MPa, and heat preservation and pressure holding time is 6h; S3, punching the prepared laminated preform frame, and after punching, placing the laminated porous preform frame into a forming mold for shaping; punching a hole with a diameter of 1 mm at every 3 mm interval on the laminated preform frame to facilitate subsequent melt extrusion infiltration, and to allow the infiltrated melt to form a mechanical interlocking combination with the laminated preform frame, and after punching, placing the laminated porous preform frame into a forming mold for shaping, the carbon fiber and the aluminum plate have good ductility, and can be easily changed in shape; S4, placing the preheated laminated preform frame into the preheated target product mold lower mold, p The / Al composite material melt is poured into the lower mold of the target product mold with the laminated preform frame placed thereon, and the molds are closed and extruded to perform bimetallic liquid-solid composite casting to obtain an aluminum-based composite material; the laminated preform frame is preheated to 540°C, the target product mold is preheated to 300°C, and a release agent is sprayed on the surface of the target product mold to facilitate demolding; the extrusion pressure is 280MPa, the holding time is 150s, and the SiC p SiC / Al composites p / 2A50 aluminum alloy composite material, the content of silicon carbide particles is 19vol%, SiC p The preparation method of the / Al composite material melt is as follows: placing a 2A50 aluminum alloy in a melting furnace for heating and melting, maintaining the melt temperature at 740°C, refining and degassing the aluminum alloy melt, and then reducing the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 640°C to reach a semi-solid state. Semi-solid stirring can effectively promote the dispersion of the reinforcement and reduce air entrainment compared to liquid stirring; lowering the stirring paddle to a distance of 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the melt height from the furnace bottom, starting mechanical stirring, and the stirring speed is 600r / min. After a vortex appears on the melt surface, silicon carbide particles with a particle size of 7μm (the silicon carbide particles are preheated to 400°C to remove surface water molecules and improve the wettability of the silicon carbide particles with the aluminum melt) are placed in a charging bin, and argon is blown into the melt through a graphite tube, and then stirred for 20 minutes. After the stirring is completed, the melt temperature rises to 720°C to obtain SiC p / Al composite melt.

[0039] The density of the aluminum-based composite material prepared in this example is 2.78 g / cm 3 , elastic modulus is 112GPa, friction coefficient is 0.35, and impact toughness is 23J.

[0040] Example 3 A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1. Cut the carbon fiber cloth into the corresponding shape of the target product for standby use, and cut the aluminum plate into the same shape as the carbon fiber; place the cut carbon fiber cloth on graphite paper, place the aluminum plate on the carbon fiber cloth, and then place the carbon fiber cloth on the aluminum plate, and repeat this operation to obtain a laminate of alternating carbon fiber cloth and aluminum plate; the carbon fiber is T400, the aluminum plate is 2A50 aluminum alloy plate, and its thickness is 1.5 mm. The number of layers of carbon fiber cloth in the laminate is 15, and the uppermost end of the laminate is the carbon fiber cloth; S2. The laminate is placed in a graphite mold and then placed in a hot press furnace for hot pressing, so that the aluminum plate is pressed into the gap of the carbon fiber cloth, and the carbon fiber cloth and the aluminum plate are pressed into a high-toughness C f / Al composite material laminated preform frame; hot pressing temperature is 560℃, hot pressing pressure is 15MPa, and heat preservation and pressure holding time is 3h; S3, punching the prepared laminated preform frame, and after punching, placing the laminated porous preform frame into a forming mold for shaping; punching a hole with a diameter of 3 mm at every 8 mm interval on the laminated preform frame to facilitate subsequent melt extrusion infiltration, and to allow the infiltrated melt to form a mechanical interlocking combination with the laminated preform frame, and after punching, placing the laminated porous preform frame into a forming mold for shaping, the carbon fiber and the aluminum plate have good ductility, and can be easily changed in shape; S4, placing the preheated laminated preform frame into the preheated target product mold lower mold, p The melt of the SiC / Al composite material is poured into the lower mold of the target product mold with the laminated preform frame placed thereon, and the molds are closed and extruded to perform bimetallic liquid-solid composite casting to obtain an aluminum-based composite material; the laminated preform frame is preheated to 520°C, the target product mold is preheated to 270°C, and a release agent is sprayed on the surface of the target product mold to facilitate demolding; the extrusion pressure is 80MPa, the holding time is 50s, and the SiC p SiC / Al composites p / 2A50 aluminum alloy composite material, the content of silicon carbide particles is 8vol%, SiC p The preparation method of the / Al composite material melt is as follows: placing a 2A50 aluminum alloy in a melting furnace for heating and melting, maintaining the melt temperature at 740°C, refining and degassing the aluminum alloy melt, and then reducing the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt to 650°C to reach a semi-solid state. Semi-solid stirring can effectively promote the dispersion of the reinforcement and reduce air entrainment compared to liquid stirring; lowering the stirring paddle to a distance of 1 / 5 of the melt height from the furnace bottom, starting mechanical stirring, and the stirring speed is 550r / min. After a vortex appears on the melt surface, silicon carbide particles with a particle size of 40μm (the silicon carbide particles are preheated to 300°C to remove surface water molecules and improve the wettability of the silicon carbide particles with the aluminum melt) are placed in a charging bin, and argon is blown into the melt through a graphite tube, and then stirred for 15 minutes. After the stirring is completed, the melt temperature rises to 740°C to obtain SiC p / Al composite melt.

[0041] The density of the aluminum-based composite material prepared in this example is 2.74 g / cm 3 , elastic modulus is 95GPa, friction coefficient is 0.45, and impact toughness is 16J.

[0042] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Embodiment 1 is that step S2 is not performed.

[0043] The laminated body of this comparative example was not subjected to hot pressing treatment, so that the carbon fibers could not be pressed into the Al plate to form an effective bond. The density of the prepared aluminum-based composite material was 2.35 g / cm 3 , elastic modulus is 23GPa, friction coefficient is 0.84, and impact toughness is 2J.

[0044] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that in step S4, squeeze casting is not performed during the forming process.

[0045] Since this comparative example does not use extrusion casting in the bimetal forming process, C f / Al composite materials and SiC p The bonding interface of the SiC / Al composite material is poor and fails to form an effective metallurgical bond. p The / Al composite material has many pore defects, and the density of the prepared aluminum-based composite material is 2.71g / cm 3 , elastic modulus is 58GPa, friction coefficient is 0.68, and impact toughness is 7J.

[0046] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that in step S4, the melt is not subjected to semi-solid stirring.

[0047] Since no semi-solid stirring was performed in this comparative example, the SiC p The uniform dispersion of SiC particles in the / Al composite material is poor, and the density of the prepared aluminum-based composite material is 2.74 g / cm 3 , elastic modulus is 85GPa, friction coefficient is 0.57, and impact toughness is 13J.

[0048] It can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples that the present invention adopts a lamination method to prepare C f / Al composite material is used as the preform frame. Carbon fiber and aluminum plate have good formability and can be formed into various complex shapes. The laminated C f / Al composite preform frame, through the hot pressing process, can increase the mechanical interlocking of carbon fiber and aluminum, increase the wettability of aluminum matrix and carbon fiber; the use of extrusion casting can overcome the capillary effect to make SiC p The melt of the C / Al composite material fully infiltrates into the f / Al composite material preform frame, while extrusion casting can reduce the contact time between aluminum alloy melt and carbon fiber, so as to avoid the reaction between aluminum melt and carbon fiber to generate brittle phase Al4C3. The high pressure of extrusion casting can make aluminum liquid break through the aluminum oxide layer, promote aluminum-aluminum bimetallic interface bonding, and the present invention can effectively meet the requirements of track plate for material lightweight, high stiffness, high toughness and wear resistance.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Cut the carbon fiber cloth into the corresponding shape of the target product for standby use, and cut the aluminum plate into the same shape as the carbon fiber; place the cut carbon fiber cloth on graphite paper, place the aluminum plate on the carbon fiber cloth, and then place the carbon fiber cloth on the aluminum plate, and repeat this operation to obtain a laminate of alternating carbon fiber cloth and aluminum plate; S2. The laminate is placed in a graphite mold and then placed in a hot press furnace for hot pressing, so that the aluminum plate is pressed into the gap of the carbon fiber cloth, and the carbon fiber cloth and the aluminum plate are pressed into a high-toughness C f / Al composite laminate preform frame; S3, punching the prepared laminated preform frame, and after punching, placing the laminated porous preform frame into a forming mold for shaping; S4, placing the preheated laminated preform frame into the preheated target product mold lower mold, p The / Al composite material melt is poured into the lower mold of the target product mold with the laminated preform frame placed thereon, and the molds are closed and extruded to perform bimetallic liquid-solid composite casting to obtain an aluminum-based composite material.

2. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the carbon fiber is one of T300, T400, T700, T800, T1000, M30, M40, M55 and M60; the aluminum plate is a 2A50 aluminum alloy plate, and its thickness is 0.5-2.0 mm.

3. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the number of layers of the carbon fiber cloth in the laminate is 5 to 40, and the uppermost end of the laminate is the carbon fiber cloth.

4. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the hot pressing temperature is 550-600°C, the hot pressing pressure is 10-50 MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure holding time is 2-8 hours.

5. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, a hole is punched in the laminated preform frame at intervals of 2 to 10 mm.

6. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the laminated preform frame is preheated to 500-550°C, and the target product mold is preheated to 250-300°C.

7. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the extrusion pressure is 60-300 MPa, and the holding time is 30-150 s.

8. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, SiC p SiC / Al composites p / 2A50 aluminum alloy composite material, the content of silicon carbide particles is 5~20vol%.

9. An aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that: The aluminum-based composite material is prepared by the method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the density of the aluminum-based composite material is ≤2.80 g / cm 3 , elastic modulus ≥90GPa, friction coefficient ≤0.5, impact toughness ≥15J.

10. Use of the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 9 as a track shoe.

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