Vertical shaft expanding excavation method based on deep hole drilling and segmented blasting

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine engineering, and provides a vertical shaft expanding excavation method based on deep hole drilling and segmented blasting, which comprises the following steps of: 1, drilling a first part of a mine by using a hydraulic drill with the hole depth of 10m so as to ensure the hole forming precision; 2, a hand pneumatic drill is used for drilling peripheral holes in the first part of the mine, the hole depth is 3.3 m, and the circulating footage is 3 m; step 3, filling the unexploded part of the drilling hole of the hydraulic drill with fine sand; fourthly, a winch is used for lifting the manned anti-falling cage and the protective large plate through the portal frame, and personnel and materials are conveyed; according to the technical scheme, the technology that the pneumatic drill is combined with the hydraulic drill is adopted, the advantages of the pneumatic drill under the complex geological condition are brought into play, the high efficiency of the hydraulic drill is utilized, and therefore the drilling efficiency and quality are improved, meanwhile, through the deep hole drilling segmented blasting technology, the drilling process is more accurate, errors are reduced, and the drilling efficiency is improved. And the drilling quality is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, and in particular to a vertical shaft expansion method based on deep hole drilling and segmented blasting. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mining engineering, especially in the process of deep mining, in order to obtain mineral resources, it is necessary to expand the mine. In the process of expansion, in order to ensure the safety and efficiency of construction, blasting engineering technology is often required. Blasting engineering technology is to control the blasting materials and blasting methods to make rocks or other minerals explode, so as to achieve the purpose of expansion. At the same time, the field of mining engineering also involves the mining and processing of minerals, which needs to be achieved by combining the technologies of mining engineering and blasting engineering.

[0003] In the existing technology, deep hole drilling and segmented blasting method is usually used for the expansion of deep mines. This method uses a combination of hand pneumatic drill and hydraulic drill to drill holes in the mine, and then expands the mine by blasting. Among them, the hand pneumatic drill is a manually operated drilling rig suitable for various complex geological conditions, while the hydraulic drill is a mechanized drilling rig with high efficiency and suitable for rocks with higher hardness.

[0004] The problems in the prior art are as follows: First, due to the combined use of hand-held pneumatic drills and hydraulic drills, the entire drilling process requires a lot of manpower and material resources, and the cost is relatively high. Secondly, due to the high requirements for drilling accuracy and depth, if errors occur during the drilling process, it may cause uneven blasting, affecting the safety and efficiency of construction. Finally, the existing technology has high safety risks during the drilling and blasting process, and effective safety measures need to be taken to protect the lives of construction workers. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention proposes a shaft expansion method based on deep hole drilling and segmented blasting, which solves the problems of high cost, drilling accuracy requirements and safety risks in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for expanding a vertical shaft based on deep hole drilling and staged blasting, comprising:

[0007] Step 1: Use a hydraulic drill to drill the first part of the mine with a depth of 10m to ensure the accuracy of the hole;

[0008] Step 2: Use a hand-held pneumatic drill to drill peripheral holes in the first part of the mine, with a hole depth of 3.3m and a cycle footage of 3m;

[0009] Step 3, using fine sand to fill the unblasted portion of the hydraulic drill hole;

[0010] Step 4: Use a winch to lift the manned anti-fall tank cage and protective plate through the gantry to transport personnel and materials;

[0011] Step 5: Use a slag backhoe to remove slag and clean the bottom, and take follow-up support for the hole wall;

[0012] Step 6: Use a protective plate to cover the upper opening of the pilot shaft, and the construction workers should fasten their safety belts to ensure the safety of the construction;

[0013] Step 7: Use a winch to lower the manned anti-fall tank cage and protective plate to transport personnel and materials to the next part;

[0014] Step 8, repeating steps 1 to 7, drilling and blasting the second and third parts of the mine in sequence;

[0015] Step nine: Use a vertical steel ladder made of steel bars as a backup passage for personnel, and extend it along the excavation surface;

[0016] Step 10: Use a large-diameter buried surge tank to completely disconnect and expand, use the formed slag well as the open surface, and use a hand-held pneumatic drill to drill cave-in holes and peripheral holes in the expanded mine. The diameter of the cave-in hole is 115mm, and a 70mm diameter cartridge is used. Continuous charging and detonating cord are used to control micro-difference blasting. The diameter of the peripheral hole is 42mm, and a 32mm diameter cartridge is used, and the charge is charged at intervals.

[0017] Step 11, use the detonating cord to connect, and when blasting, detonate in the order of collapse hole first and surrounding holes later.

[0018] Preferably, the manned anti-fall tank cage in step seven is equipped with an automatic catching brake rope, and the protective plate is manufactured in a steel bar processing plant and assembled in the cave.

[0019] Preferably, the operation method of the anti-fall tank cage and the protective plate is: first lower the protective plate to block the wellhead, and temporarily lock the protective plate, the construction workers enter the anti-fall tank cage, and carry a maximum of 5 people at a time, lower the anti-fall tank cage above the working surface, the construction workers enter the construction working surface through a temporary ladder, and the workers can only work after installing the safety belts they are wearing around the protective plate.

[0020] Preferably, the anti-fall tank cage is equipped with a matching anti-fall device. During operation, if the wire rope or the connecting device breaks, the brake rope can be quickly and automatically grasped to make the anti-fall tank cage stop smoothly, avoiding falling into the well accident.

[0021] Preferably, the protective plate is arranged below the manned anti-fall tank cage, and the manned anti-fall tank cage is used to automatically capture the brake rope for lifting. Before each blasting, the protective plate is lifted to 30m outside the area affected by the blasting flying rocks, and after the blasting, it is lowered above the construction work surface under the command of the signal personnel.

[0022] Preferably, the winch in step seven includes a JM15 slow winch and a JK5 fast winch. During excavation, the JM15 slow winch is used to lift the manned anti-fall cage and the protective plate through the gantry to transport personnel and materials, and the JK5 fast winch is used to lift the scraper backhoe or hydraulic drilling rig.

[0023] Preferably, the vertical steel ladder in step nine is made of A25 steel bars, and a fall prevention fence made of flat steel is welded on the vertical steel ladder. The vertical steel ladder is 50 cm wide and the step height is 31 cm. A rest platform is arranged every 10 m.

[0024] Preferably, in the step 10, the charge density of the cave-in holes and the peripheral holes is 150-250 g / m.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. The present invention can improve the drilling efficiency and quality: This technical solution adopts the technology of combining a hand-held pneumatic drill with a hydraulic drill, which not only gives play to the advantages of a hand-held pneumatic drill under complex geological conditions, but also utilizes the high efficiency of a hydraulic drill, thereby improving the drilling efficiency and quality. At the same time, through the deep hole drilling and segmented blasting technology, the drilling process is made more accurate, the error is reduced, and the drilling quality is further improved;

[0027] 2. The present invention can reduce construction costs: Since the present technical solution optimizes the drilling process and reduces the input of manpower and material resources, compared with the prior art, the present technical solution can effectively reduce the construction cost. At the same time, since the drilling efficiency and quality are improved, the uneven blasting phenomenon caused by drilling errors is reduced, thereby reducing the number of times that re-construction is required due to uneven blasting, further reducing the construction cost;

[0028] 3. The present invention can improve construction safety: In this technical solution, effective safety measures are taken, such as using protective plates to cover when drilling, construction workers wearing safety belts, and setting up vertical steel ladders and rest platforms, thereby improving the safety of construction. Compared with the existing technology, this technical solution is safer and can effectively protect the lives of construction workers;

[0029] 4. The present invention can speed up the construction progress: Since the technical solution improves the efficiency and quality of drilling and reduces the waiting time during construction, it can speed up the construction progress. At the same time, due to the use of deep hole drilling and segmented blasting technology, the blasting process is more uniform and the blasting effect is better, thereby speeding up the construction progress.

[0030] 5. The present invention can improve the efficiency of obtaining mineral resources: Since the technical solution improves the efficiency and quality of drilling and reduces errors and risks in construction, it can more effectively obtain mineral resources. At the same time, since the construction safety is improved, the work efficiency of construction personnel is also improved, thereby further improving the efficiency of obtaining mineral resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flow chart of a method for expanding a vertical shaft based on deep hole drilling and staged blasting.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a layout diagram for implementing a vertical shaft expansion method based on deep hole drilling and staged blasting proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for expanding a vertical shaft based on deep hole drilling and staged blasting, comprising:

[0036] Step 1: Use a hydraulic drill to drill the first part of the mine with a depth of 10m to ensure the accuracy of the hole;

[0037] Step 2: Use a hand-held pneumatic drill to drill peripheral holes in the first part of the mine, with a hole depth of 3.3m and a cycle footage of 3m;

[0038] Step 3, using fine sand to fill the unblasted portion of the hydraulic drill hole;

[0039] Step 4: Use a winch to lift the manned anti-fall tank cage and protective plate through the gantry to transport personnel and materials;

[0040] Step 5: Use a 60-type slag backhoe to remove slag and clean the bottom, and take follow-up support for the hole wall;

[0041] Step 6: Use a protective plate to cover the upper opening of the pilot shaft, and the construction workers should fasten their safety belts to ensure the safety of the construction;

[0042] Step 7: Use a winch to lower the manned anti-fall tank cage and protective plate to transport personnel and materials to the next part;

[0043] Step 8, repeating steps 1 to 7, drilling and blasting the second and third parts of the mine in sequence;

[0044] Step nine: Use a vertical steel ladder made of steel bars as a backup passage for personnel, and extend it along the excavation surface;

[0045] Step 10: Use a large-diameter buried surge tank to completely disconnect and expand, use the formed slag well as the open surface, and use a hand-held pneumatic drill to drill cave-in holes and peripheral holes in the expanded mine. The diameter of the cave-in hole is 115mm, and a 70mm diameter cartridge is used. Continuous charging and detonating cord are used to control micro-difference blasting. The diameter of the peripheral hole is 42mm, and a 32mm diameter cartridge is used, and the charge is charged at intervals.

[0046] Step 11, use the detonating cord to connect, and when blasting, detonate in the order of collapse hole first and surrounding holes later.

[0047] In step seven, the manned anti-fall tank cage is equipped with an automatic catch brake rope, and the protective plate is manufactured in the steel bar processing plant and assembled in the cave.

[0048] The operation method of the anti-fall tank cage and the protective plate is: first lower the protective plate to block the wellhead, and temporarily lock the protective plate. The construction workers enter the anti-fall tank cage, and carry a maximum of 5 people at a time. The anti-fall tank cage is lowered above the working surface. The construction workers enter the construction working surface through a temporary ladder. The workers can only work after installing the safety belts they wear around the protective plate.

[0049] The anti-fall tank cage is equipped with a matching anti-fall device. During operation, if the wire rope or the connecting device breaks, it can quickly and automatically grab the brake rope to stop the anti-fall tank cage steadily to avoid falling into the well. Before the manned anti-fall tank cage is put into use, the hoisting winch, tank cage connection parts, limiters, wire ropes, pulleys, switches, etc. will be carefully inspected and accepted. The hoisting winch operator must be certified. There are 2 operators per shift, 1 responsible for operating the hoisting winch, and 1 responsible for safety inspections. When safety is ensured, the signal is transmitted in time before the operation can be started;

[0050] When the anti-fall cage is transporting personnel to the working face, under the command of the signal personnel, the cage stops at the platform where the workers go up and down, and the workers enter the anti-fall cage and close the protective door. After checking that everything is correct, the signal personnel sends a starting signal, and the winch driver lowers the cage. When it just starts, it slowly accelerates to normal speed, slows down in advance when it is about to reach the end position, and stops under the command of the signal personnel; when the anti-fall cage lifts personnel upward from the working face, it must operate strictly according to the command of the signal personnel. When the signal is unclear, it is strictly forbidden to start the winch.

[0051] The protective plate is set below the manned anti-fall cage, and the manned anti-fall cage is used to automatically capture the brake rope for lifting. Before each blasting, the protective plate is lifted to 30m outside the area affected by the blasting flying rocks. After the blasting, it is lowered above the construction work surface under the command of the signal personnel. The maximum load capacity of the protective plate is 3t. When transporting materials to the working surface, it is strictly forbidden to stay construction personnel in the well, and the materials on the plate must be tied firmly.

[0052] The winches in step seven include JM15 slow winch and JK5 fast winch. When expanding the excavation, the JM15 slow winch is used to lift the manned anti-fall cage and protective plate through the gantry to transport personnel and materials, and the JK5 fast winch is used to lift the scraper backhoe or hydraulic drilling rig.

[0053] The vertical steel ladder in step nine is made of A25 steel bars. A fall prevention fence made of flat steel is welded on the vertical steel ladder. The vertical steel ladder is 50cm wide and the step height is 31cm. A rest platform is arranged every 10m.

[0054] In step 10, the charge density of the cave-in holes and the surrounding holes is 150-250 g / m.

[0055] During the period of slag removal or drilling with a hydraulic drill rig, the backhoe or hydraulic drill rig is located above the lowering platform and moves along the 40b I-beam beam on the platform to the bottom of the gantry. The winch lifts the backhoe or hydraulic drill rig to a certain height, removes the backhoe or hydraulic drill rig lowering platform, and lifts the slag removal backhoe or hydraulic drill rig to the working surface.

[0056] In the drilling and blasting operation performed by the above-mentioned embodiments, the use of a hand-operated pneumatic drill combined with a hydraulic drill technology and a deep hole segmented blasting technology can effectively improve the drilling efficiency and quality, further speed up the construction progress and effectively reduce the safety risk, and significantly improve the quality and efficiency. Due to the advanced nature of this technical solution, it can be widely used in application fields such as mining engineering, blasting engineering, and mining engineering. First, in the field of mining engineering, this technical solution can greatly improve the drilling efficiency and quality by drilling holes with a hand-operated pneumatic drill combined with a hydraulic drill, while reducing the construction cost. In addition, since the deep hole segmented blasting method is used in the drilling process, the uniformity of the blasting can be effectively controlled, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of the construction. Therefore, the application prospects of this technical solution in the field of mining engineering are broad. Secondly, in the field of blasting engineering, this technical solution adopts a deep hole segmented blasting method, which can effectively control the blasting materials and blasting methods, thereby achieving the purpose of accurately controlling the blasting. In addition, since this technical solution adopts a detonator to control the micro-difference blasting, the accuracy and safety of the blasting can be further improved. Therefore, the application prospects of this technical solution in the field of blasting engineering are broad. Finally, in the field of mining engineering, this technical solution can effectively improve mining efficiency and quality by expanding excavation through deep hole drilling and segmented blasting. At the same time, since this technical solution adopts effective safety measures, the life safety of construction workers can be guaranteed. Therefore, the application prospects of this technical solution in the field of mining engineering are broad. In general, due to the advanced nature and practicality of this technical solution, it has broad application prospects and market demand in application fields such as mining engineering, blasting engineering and mining engineering.

[0057] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for expanding a vertical shaft based on deep hole drilling and staged blasting, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Use a hydraulic drill to drill the first part of the mine with a depth of 10m to ensure the accuracy of the hole; Step 2: Use a hand-held pneumatic drill to drill peripheral holes in the first part of the mine, with a hole depth of 3.3m and a cycle footage of 3m; Step 3, using fine sand to fill the unblasted portion of the hydraulic drill hole; Step 4: Use a winch to lift the manned anti-fall tank cage and protective plate through the gantry to transport personnel and materials; Step 5: Use a slag backhoe to remove slag and clean the bottom, and take follow-up support for the hole wall; Step 6: Use a protective plate to cover the upper opening of the pilot shaft, and the construction workers should fasten their safety belts to ensure the safety of the construction; Step 7: Use a winch to lower the manned anti-fall tank cage and protective plate to transport personnel and materials to the next part; Step 8, repeating steps 1 to 7, drilling and blasting the second and third parts of the mine in sequence; Step nine: Use a vertical steel ladder made of steel bars as a backup passage for personnel, and extend it along the excavation surface; Step 10: Use a large-diameter buried surge tank to completely disconnect and expand, use the formed slag well as the open surface, and use a hand-held pneumatic drill to drill cave-in holes and peripheral holes in the expanded mine. The diameter of the cave-in hole is 115mm, and a 70mm diameter cartridge is used. Continuous charging and detonating cord are used to control micro-difference blasting. The diameter of the peripheral hole is 42mm, and a 32mm diameter cartridge is used, and the charge is charged at intervals. Step 11, use the detonating cord to connect, and when blasting, detonate in the order of collapse hole first and surrounding holes later.

2. A method for expanding a vertical shaft based on deep hole drilling and staged blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 7, the manned anti-fall tank cage is equipped with an automatic catching brake rope, and the protective plate is manufactured in a steel bar processing plant and assembled in the cave.

3. A method for expanding a vertical shaft based on deep hole drilling and staged blasting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The operation method of the anti-fall tank cage and the protective plate is: first lower the protective plate to block the wellhead, and temporarily lock the protective plate. The construction workers enter the anti-fall tank cage, and a maximum of 5 people are carried at a time. The anti-fall tank cage is lowered above the working surface. The construction workers enter the construction working surface through a temporary ladder. The workers can only work after installing the safety belts they are wearing around the protective plate.

4. A method for expanding a vertical shaft based on deep hole drilling and staged blasting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anti-fall tank cage is equipped with a matching anti-fall device. During operation, if the wire rope or the connecting device breaks, it can quickly and automatically grab the brake rope to make the anti-fall tank cage stop smoothly, avoiding falling into the well accident.

5. A method for expanding a vertical shaft based on deep hole drilling and staged blasting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protective plate is arranged below the manned anti-fall cage and is lifted by automatically catching the brake rope of the manned anti-fall cage. Before each blasting, the protective plate is lifted to 30m outside the area affected by the blasting flying rocks. After the blasting, it is lowered above the construction work surface under the command of the signal personnel.

6. A method for expanding a vertical shaft based on deep hole drilling and staged blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The winches in step seven include a JM15 slow winch and a JK5 fast winch. During excavation, the JM15 slow winch is used to lift the manned anti-fall cage and the protective plate through the gantry to transport personnel and materials, and the JK5 fast winch is used to lift the scraper backhoe or hydraulic drilling rig.

7. A method for expanding a vertical shaft based on deep hole drilling and staged blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical steel ladder in step nine is made of A25 steel bars, and a fall prevention fence made of flat steel is welded on the vertical steel ladder. The vertical steel ladder is 50 cm wide and the step height is 31 cm. A rest platform is arranged every 10 m.

8. A method for expanding a vertical shaft based on deep hole drilling and staged blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 10, the charge density of the collapse hole and the peripheral holes is 150-250 g / m.

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