Air pillow pressurized super-cooled liquid hydrogen rapid hydrogenation system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an air pillow pressurized supercooled liquid hydrogen rapid hydrogenation system which comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a rapid supercharger, a rapid supercharging hydrogen pump, a rapid supercharging energy accumulator, a liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank, a low-temperature mass flow meter, a supercooled liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle and a safe diffusion system. The invention further discloses a method for rapidly filling the supercooled liquid hydrogen, the control system receives a filling signal, the liquid hydrogen is rapidly gasified by the supercharger and pressurized by the hydrogen pump and then stored in the rapid pressurizing energy accumulator, then the liquid hydrogen enters the filling intermediate tank to form an air pillow, the pressure of the filling intermediate tank is increased, the supercooling degree of the liquid hydrogen is increased, and rapid filling of the liquid hydrogen is achieved. The method has the beneficial effects that the pneumatic pillow pressurization technology does not need a liquid hydrogen pump and other movable equipment, and the system operation stability is improved; supercooled liquid hydrogen is adopted for filling, and the filled supercooled liquid hydrogen can condense the vehicle-mounted steel cylinder. The system adopts the control valve to quickly fill the supercooled liquid hydrogen and automatically precool the low-temperature mass flow meter, so that the filling and metering of the supercooled liquid hydrogen are accurate and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen filling of hydrogen energy vehicles, and in particular to a system and method for rapid hydrogenation of supercooled liquid hydrogen pressurized by air pillows. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy has the triple characteristics of "efficient and clean secondary energy, flexible and intelligent energy carrier, and green and low-carbon industrial raw materials". It has gradually built diversified application scenarios in the fields of transportation, energy storage, power generation, industry, etc., and is considered to be a technical means to achieve carbon neutrality. Under the background of the country's "dual carbon", the hydrogen energy industry is booming like mushrooms after a spring rain. At present, hydrogen energy applications mainly adopt 35MPa (density 25kg / m3) and 70MPa (density 41kg / m3) high-pressure hydrogen modes. Due to its ultra-high pressure, there are certain safety hazards. At the same time, due to the low transportation efficiency of high-pressure hydrogen, the further development of hydrogen energy is restricted to a large extent.

[0003] Liquid hydrogen (standard density 70kg / m3) will be the inevitable choice for the widespread application of hydrogen energy at a certain stage due to its high density and low operating pressure. At present, more than one-third of hydrogen refueling stations abroad use liquid hydrogen technology. Domestic civilian liquid hydrogen technology started late. Subsequent liquid hydrogen refueling stations will gradually occupy a larger market share with the development of the hydrogen energy industry.

[0004] Chinese invention patent CN118517633A "A supercooled liquid hydrogen filling system and method" proposes a supercooled liquid hydrogen filling system, including a booster unit, a first storage tank, a first booster valve, a secondary supercooling valve and a first heat exchanger. After a part of the liquid hydrogen in the first storage tank is pressurized by the booster unit, it enters the first heat exchange side in the first heat exchanger through the first booster valve, and the other part of the liquid hydrogen passes through the secondary supercooling valve in turn to enter the second heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger for heat exchange. The liquid hydrogen on the second heat exchange side cools the liquid hydrogen in the first heat exchange side, and the supercooled liquid hydrogen formed in the first heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger is transported to the outside through the filling pipeline. The supercooled liquid hydrogen formed can be stored for a longer time and is not easy to vaporize during transportation and use. This patent uses a single storage tank as a booster unit, the process is more complicated, and overpressure accidents are prone to occur. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a supercooled liquid hydrogen rapid hydrogenation system with air pillow pressurization, including a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a liquid outlet control valve, a gas phase control valve, a pressurized liquid hydrogen control valve, a liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank, an intermediate tank liquid outlet control valve, a cryogenic mass flow meter, a precooling control valve, a rapid filling control valve, a filling joint, a liquid hydrogen storage tank sensor, a pressure control valve group, and also includes a rapid pressurization unit, a rapid pressurization control valve, and a supercooled liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage device; The liquid hydrogen storage tank is provided with two independent liquid phase outlets, one of which is connected to the inlet of the rapid pressurization unit through a pressurized liquid hydrogen control valve and then connected to the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank through a rapid pressurization control valve; the other is connected to the liquid phase of the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank through a liquid outlet control valve; The cryogenic mass flowmeter is provided with two outlets, one of which is connected to the gas phase of the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank through the intermediate tank liquid outlet control valve and the precooling control valve, and is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the gas phase control valve, and the other is connected to the inlet of the supercooled liquid hydrogen on-board hydrogen storage device through the fast filling control valve and the filling joint; The liquid hydrogen storage tank sensor is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank; the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to a pressure control valve group to prevent the tank from overpressure.

[0006] Furthermore, the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank are both vacuum multi-layer winding structures.

[0007] Furthermore, the rapid pressurization unit specifically includes: a rapid supercharger, a rapid pressurization hydrogen pump, and a rapid pressurization accumulator.

[0008] Furthermore, the pressure control valve group specifically includes: a liquid hydrogen storage tank safety valve group, a liquid hydrogen storage tank venting root valve, a liquid hydrogen storage tank manual venting valve, and a storage tank automatic venting control valve; when the storage tank is overpressured, the storage tank automatic venting control valve is automatically opened first, then the liquid hydrogen storage tank manual venting valve and the liquid hydrogen storage tank venting root valve are opened, and finally the liquid hydrogen storage tank safety valve group is opened.

[0009] Furthermore, there are multiple liquid hydrogen storage tank sensors, specifically including: a liquid hydrogen storage tank pressure sensor, a liquid hydrogen storage tank temperature sensor, and a liquid hydrogen storage tank liquid level sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a safety component, which is connected to the pressure control valve group. The safety component specifically includes: a venting low-temperature hydrogen heater, a hydrogen venting tower, and a hydrogen flame arrester.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a host controller, which is used to control the supercooled liquid hydrogen fast hydrogenation system to perform liquid hydrogen filling.

[0012] A method for rapid hydrogenation of supercooled liquid hydrogen by air pillow pressurization comprises the following steps: S1. a host control machine sends a filling signal to open a pressurized liquid hydrogen control valve, liquid hydrogen enters a rapid supercharger to be vaporized into gas, and enters a liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank after being pressurized by a rapid supercharger hydrogen pump to form an air pillow, thereby increasing the pressure of the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank and simultaneously increasing the supercooling degree of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank; S2. opening a liquid outlet control valve and a precooling control valve of the intermediate tank to precool a cryogenic mass flow meter; S3. filling a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage device for supercooled liquid hydrogen.

[0013] Furthermore, during the refueling in step S3, BOG in the supercooled liquid hydrogen onboard hydrogen storage tank is condensed to reduce the loss of liquid hydrogen during the refueling process.

[0014] Furthermore, the pressure range of the supercooled liquid hydrogen on-board hydrogen storage tank is: 1.6-2.0MPa.

[0015] The present invention provides a system and method for rapid hydrogenation of supercooled liquid hydrogen by air pillow pressurization, which has the following beneficial effects: The present invention uses liquid hydrogen as an energy carrier and a liquid hydrogen rapid supercharger. After receiving a filling signal, the liquid in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is quickly gasified to form an air pillow for the filling intermediate tank. While increasing the pressure of the filling intermediate tank, the supercooling degree of the liquid hydrogen in the filling intermediate tank is increased, so that the rapid filling of liquid hydrogen can be achieved. The air pillow pressurization technology does not require moving equipment such as a liquid hydrogen pump, and the system operation stability is improved. On the other hand, since an on-board supercooled liquid hydrogen cylinder is provided, the supercooled liquid hydrogen filled into the on-board supercooled liquid hydrogen cylinder can condense the BOG gas in the on-board cylinder, so the gas phase pipeline from the on-board cylinder back to the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be removed. The system uses a control valve to automatically pre-cool the cryogenic mass flowmeter for rapid filling of supercooled liquid hydrogen to ensure accurate measurement during the filling process of supercooled liquid hydrogen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure provided by the present invention.

[0018] In the figure, 1. liquid hydrogen storage tank; 2. liquid outlet control valve; 3. gas phase control valve; 4. pressurized liquid hydrogen control valve; 5. rapid supercharger; 6. rapid pressurized hydrogen pump; 7. rapid pressurized accumulator; 8. rapid pressurization control valve; 9. liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank; 10. intermediate tank liquid outlet control valve; 11. cryogenic mass flow meter; 12. precooling control valve; 13. rapid filling control valve; 14. filling connector; 15. supercooled liquid hydrogen on-board hydrogen storage device; 16. liquid hydrogen storage tank sensor; 17. liquid hydrogen storage tank safety valve group; 18. liquid hydrogen storage tank vent root valve; 19. liquid hydrogen storage tank manual vent valve; 20. automatic tank vent control valve; 21. vent low-temperature hydrogen heater; 22. hydrogen vent tower; 23. hydrogen flame arrester. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0020] The following is a detailed description of the implementation method of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Only some embodiments are described, not all embodiments. For the purpose of clarity, representations and descriptions that are not related to the present invention are omitted in the drawings and descriptions.

[0021] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and beneficial effects of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is now described in detail below. Obviously, the implementation cases described are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the implementation of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a supercooled liquid hydrogen rapid hydrogenation system with air pillow pressurization, including a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a liquid outlet control valve 2, a gas phase control valve 3, a pressurized liquid hydrogen control valve 4, a liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank 9, an intermediate tank liquid outlet control valve 10, a cryogenic mass flow meter 11, a precooling control valve 12, a rapid filling control valve 13, a filling connector 14, a liquid hydrogen storage tank sensor 16, a pressure control valve group, and also includes a rapid pressurization unit, a rapid pressurization control valve 8, and a supercooled liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage device 15.

[0023] The liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is provided with two independent liquid phase outlets, one of which is connected to the inlet of the rapid pressurization unit through the pressurized liquid hydrogen control valve 4 and then connected to the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank 9 through the rapid pressurization control valve 8; the other is connected to the liquid phase of the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank 9 through the liquid outlet control valve 2.

[0024] The cryogenic mass flowmeter 11 is provided with two outlets, one of which is connected to the gas phase of the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank 9 through the intermediate tank liquid outlet control valve 10 and the precooling control valve 12, and is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 through the gas phase control valve 3, and the other is connected to the inlet of the supercooled liquid hydrogen on-board hydrogen storage device 15 through the fast filling control valve 13 and the filling connector 14.

[0025] The liquid hydrogen storage tank sensor 16 is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1; the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is connected to a pressure control valve group to prevent the tank from overpressure.

[0026] The liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 and the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank 9 are both vacuum multi-layer winding structures.

[0027] The rapid pressurization unit specifically includes: a rapid pressurization device 5 , a rapid pressurization hydrogen pump 6 , and a rapid pressurization accumulator 7 .

[0028] The pressure control valve group specifically includes: a liquid hydrogen storage tank safety valve group 17, a liquid hydrogen storage tank vent root valve 18, a liquid hydrogen storage tank manual vent valve 19, and a storage tank automatic vent control valve 20; when the storage tank is over-pressurized, the storage tank automatic vent control valve 20 is automatically opened first, then the liquid hydrogen storage tank manual vent valve 19 and the liquid hydrogen storage tank vent root valve 18 are opened, and finally the liquid hydrogen storage tank safety valve group 17 is opened.

[0029] There are multiple liquid hydrogen storage tank sensors 16, specifically including: a liquid hydrogen storage tank pressure sensor, a liquid hydrogen storage tank temperature sensor, and a liquid hydrogen storage tank level sensor.

[0030] It also includes a safety component, which is connected to the pressure control valve group. The safety component specifically includes: a venting low-temperature hydrogen heater 21, a hydrogen venting tower 22, and a hydrogen flame arrester 23.

[0031] It also includes an upper control machine, which is used to control the supercooled liquid hydrogen fast hydrogenation system to perform liquid hydrogen filling.

[0032] A method for rapid hydrogenation of supercooled liquid hydrogen by air pillow pressurization comprises the following steps: S1. a host control machine sends a filling signal to open a pressurized liquid hydrogen control valve 4, liquid hydrogen enters a rapid supercharger 5 to be gasified into gas, and enters a liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank 9 after being pressurized by a rapid supercharger hydrogen pump 6 to form an air pillow, thereby increasing the pressure of the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank 9 and simultaneously increasing the degree of supercooling of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank 9; S2. an intermediate tank liquid outlet control valve 10 and a precooling control valve 12 are opened to precool a cryogenic mass flowmeter 11; S3. a supercooled liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage device 15 is filled.

[0033] In the step S3, when filling, the BOG in the supercooled liquid hydrogen onboard hydrogen storage tank 15 is condensed to reduce the loss of liquid hydrogen during the filling process.

[0034] The pressure range of the supercooled liquid hydrogen on-board hydrogen storage device 15 is 1.6-2.0 MPa. It uses supercritical liquid hydrogen storage pressure to extend the damage-free storage time of the cylinder.

[0035] The working principle of the air pillow pressurized supercooled liquid hydrogen rapid hydrogenation system provided by the present invention is: when the control system receives the filling signal, by opening the liquid hydrogen boost control valve, the liquid hydrogen enters the rapid booster and gasifies into gas, and enters the filling intermediate tank after being pressurized by the rapid boost hydrogen pump, forming an air pillow, increasing the filling intermediate tank pressure, and at the same time increasing the supercooling degree of the liquid hydrogen in the intermediate tank. The intermediate tank liquid outlet control valve and the precooling control valve are opened to precool the low-temperature refrigeration flowmeter, so that the liquid of the low-temperature mass flowmeter is liquid phase during the filling metering process through the supercooled liquid hydrogen rapid filling, ensuring the accuracy of the metering. After the precooling is completed, the supercooled liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted cylinder is started to be filled. The design pressure of the supercooled liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted cylinder is increased, and the lossless storage time of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cylinder is increased. In addition, because the supercooling degree of the filled liquid hydrogen is high, the BOG in the cylinder can be condensed during filling, reducing the loss of liquid hydrogen during the filling process. At the same time, there is no need to set a BOG reflux pipeline.

[0036] An intelligent liquid hydrogen filling control system is set up to collect parameters such as the volume, liquid level, and pressure of the on-board liquid hydrogen cylinder. The booster is used to quickly increase the pressure of the filling intermediate tank to above 0.2-0.5MPa of the on-board liquid hydrogen cylinder, forming supercooled liquid hydrogen in the filling intermediate tank, and then rapid filling is carried out.

[0037] The present invention uses liquid hydrogen as an energy carrier and a liquid hydrogen rapid supercharger. After receiving a filling signal, the liquid in the liquid hydrogen storage tank is quickly gasified to form an air pillow for the filling intermediate tank. While increasing the pressure of the filling intermediate tank, the supercooling degree of the liquid hydrogen in the filling intermediate tank is increased, so that the rapid filling of liquid hydrogen can be achieved. The air pillow pressurization technology does not require moving equipment such as a liquid hydrogen pump, and the system operation stability is improved. On the other hand, since an on-board supercooled liquid hydrogen cylinder is provided, the supercooled liquid hydrogen filled into the on-board supercooled liquid hydrogen cylinder can condense the BOG gas in the on-board cylinder, so the gas phase pipeline from the on-board cylinder back to the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be removed. The system uses a control valve to automatically pre-cool the cryogenic mass flowmeter for rapid filling of supercooled liquid hydrogen to ensure accurate measurement during the filling process of supercooled liquid hydrogen.

[0038] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge of the relevant field. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art shall not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and shall be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A supercooled liquid hydrogen rapid hydrogenation system with air pillow pressurization, comprising a liquid hydrogen storage tank (1), a liquid outlet control valve (2), a gas phase control valve (3), a pressurized liquid hydrogen control valve (4), a liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank (9), an intermediate tank liquid outlet control valve (10), a cryogenic mass flow meter (11), a precooling control valve (12), a rapid filling control valve (13), a filling connector (14), a liquid hydrogen storage tank sensor (16), and a pressure control valve group, characterized in that: It also includes a rapid pressurization unit, a rapid pressurization control valve (8), and a supercooled liquid hydrogen on-board hydrogen storage device (15); The liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is provided with two independent liquid phase outlets, one of which is connected to the inlet of the rapid pressurization unit through the pressurization liquid hydrogen control valve (4) and then connected to the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank (9) through the rapid pressurization control valve (8); the other is connected to the liquid phase of the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank (9) through the liquid outlet control valve (2); The cryogenic mass flow meter (11) is provided with two outlets, one of which is connected to the gas phase of the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank (9) through the intermediate tank liquid outlet control valve (10) and the precooling control valve (12), and is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) through the gas phase control valve (3), and the other is connected to the inlet of the supercooled liquid hydrogen on-board hydrogen storage device (15) through the fast filling control valve (13) and the filling connector (14); The liquid hydrogen storage tank sensor (16) is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1); the liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) is connected to a pressure control valve group to prevent the storage tank from being over-pressurized.

2. The air pillow pressurized supercooled liquid hydrogen rapid hydrogenation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen storage tank (1) and the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank (9) are both vacuum multi-layer winding structures.

3. The air pillow pressurized supercooled liquid hydrogen rapid hydrogenation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rapid pressurization unit specifically comprises: a rapid pressurizer (5), a rapid pressurization hydrogen pump (6), and a rapid pressurization accumulator (7).

4. The air pillow pressurized supercooled liquid hydrogen rapid hydrogenation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pressure control valve group specifically comprises: a liquid hydrogen storage tank safety valve group (17), a liquid hydrogen storage tank venting root valve (18), a liquid hydrogen storage tank manual venting valve (19), and a storage tank automatic venting control valve (20); when the storage tank is over-pressurized, the storage tank automatic venting control valve (20) is automatically opened first, then the liquid hydrogen storage tank manual venting valve (19) and the liquid hydrogen storage tank venting root valve (18) are opened, and finally the liquid hydrogen storage tank safety valve group (17) is opened.

5. The air pillow pressurized supercooled liquid hydrogen rapid hydrogenation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There are multiple liquid hydrogen storage tank sensors (16), specifically including: a liquid hydrogen storage tank pressure sensor, a liquid hydrogen storage tank temperature sensor, and a liquid hydrogen storage tank liquid level sensor.

6. The air pillow pressurized supercooled liquid hydrogen rapid hydrogenation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a safety component, which is connected to the pressure control valve group. The safety component specifically includes: a venting low-temperature hydrogen heater (21), a hydrogen venting tower (22), and a hydrogen flame arrester (23).

7. The air pillow pressurized supercooled liquid hydrogen rapid hydrogenation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an upper control machine, which is used to control the supercooled liquid hydrogen fast hydrogenation system to perform liquid hydrogen filling.

8. A method for rapid hydrogenation of supercooled liquid hydrogen with air pillow pressurization, based on the rapid hydrogenation system of supercooled liquid hydrogen with air pillow pressurization according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The upper control machine sends a filling signal to open the pressurized liquid hydrogen control valve (4), and the liquid hydrogen enters the rapid supercharger (5) to be gasified into gas, and then enters the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank (9) after being pressurized by the rapid supercharger hydrogen pump (6), forming an air pillow, increasing the pressure of the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank (9), and at the same time increasing the supercooling degree of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen filling intermediate tank (9); S2. Open the intermediate tank outlet control valve (10) and the precooling control valve (12) to precool the cryogenic mass flow meter (11); S3. Filling the onboard hydrogen storage tank (15) with supercooled liquid hydrogen.

9. The method for rapid hydrogenation of supercooled liquid hydrogen with air pillow pressurization according to claim 8, characterized in that: During the refueling in step S3, the BOG in the supercooled liquid hydrogen onboard hydrogen storage device (15) is condensed to reduce the loss of liquid hydrogen during the refueling process.

10. The method for rapid hydrogenation of supercooled liquid hydrogen with air pillow pressurization according to claim 9, characterized in that: The pressure range of the supercooled liquid hydrogen on-board hydrogen storage device (15) is 1.6-2.0 MPa.

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