Lossless transformation device suitable for self-adaptive explosion venting of hazardous chemical substance container

Abstract

The invention provides a lossless transformation device suitable for self-adaptive explosion venting of a hazardous chemical substance container, which comprises an inert energy gathering device which is detachably arranged in the target hazardous chemical substance container and is composed of an energy gathering component, and the material of the energy gathering component meets the internal self-adaptive explosion venting requirement. The explosion venting device is high in explosion venting efficiency and can be flexibly deployed into various shapes, and the explosion venting efficiency is greatly improved. The method has small influence on normal production of the target hazardous chemical substance container. The method is easy to install, low in transformation cost, short in period and small in influence. The device is high in reliability, the device does not comprise an action, trigger or energy storage mechanism, explosion venting is achieved only through the energy of an explosion accident, the higher the explosion is, the better the explosion venting effect is, and self-adaptive adjustment of the protection capacity can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of safe and scientific explosion protection in the petrochemical industry, and in particular to a non-destructive modification device suitable for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers. Background Art

[0002] In the production, storage and transportation processes of the chemical industry, there are a large number of containers containing hazardous chemicals, such as reactors, towers, storage tanks, etc. The materials in such containers are very likely to explode when subjected to unexpected external impacts or process out of control, especially for material containers involving high-risk processes such as nitration, sulfonation, and oxidation. Once an explosion accident occurs, the explosion wave generated by high-explosion-velocity hazardous chemicals may shatter the container shell, forming a large number of fragments that fly around and cause serious accident consequences. For implosion accidents, the severity of the explosion is greatly affected by the constraint conditions (i.e., the strength of the container wall). A higher constraint strength will make the material's explosion reaction more complete, release more energy faster, and worsen the consequences of the accident. Therefore, explosion venting technology has become an important measure to reduce the consequences of accidents involving various types of hazardous chemical containers.

[0003] The basic principle of existing explosion relief technology is to artificially set a weak point on the surface of the container. When the internal explosion occurs, the pressure in the container gradually increases, and after the weak point is crushed under pressure, the reaction products leak out rapidly, thereby reducing the pressure in the container and the explosion speed of the material, avoiding further out-of-control of the reaction and the overall breakage and scattering of the container.

[0004] In the prior art, the spring-type explosion relief valve / piece has a small explosion relief area and is not suitable for rapid pressure relief when the container as a whole implodes. Existing explosion relief equipment such as bursting discs and bursting membranes have many problems:

[0005] First, existing technologies are mostly based on the idea of ​​grooving and local thinning, which makes the local strength lower than the strength of other parts of the shell, ensuring that cracks are generated there first. However, chemical production processes often involve high-pressure and high-temperature synthesis reactions, which reduces the overall available strength of the container and has an adverse effect on the allowable pressure and reaction efficiency of normal production under non-accident conditions.

[0006] Secondly, the installation of such equipment usually requires cutting off a portion of the container shell, which is then replaced on-site with an explosion-proof membrane / sheet. This solution is relatively easy to implement for new production equipment, but is not suitable for upgrading and renovating existing equipment. Large-scale cutting-and-installation operations have a long construction period, high construction risks (large-scale replacement of the original vessel wall, weld leakage under high-pressure production conditions, etc.), and high construction difficulty (disassembly and lifting of large towers is time-consuming and labor-intensive), which are difficult for companies to accept.

[0007] In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a non-destructive modification device suitable for adaptive explosion venting of hazardous chemical containers. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a non-destructive modification device suitable for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers. The device includes an inert energy gathering device, which is detachably arranged inside the target hazardous chemical container and is composed of energy gathering components. The material of the energy gathering component meets the requirements of internal adaptive explosion relief.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the internal adaptive explosion relief requirements include but are not limited to: internal light weight requirements, inertness requirements, weather resistance requirements and internal strength requirements.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the energy concentrating component is made of a polymer material, an inert resin, or a light alloy.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the energy-gathering component is V-shaped, wherein the V-shaped slope is detachably connected to the inner wall of the target hazardous chemicals container, and the V-shaped opening points to a preset crushing and explosion relief position of the target hazardous chemicals container.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the energy-gathering component is composed of multiple V-shaped components connected in parallel, and the outermost V-shaped slopes on both sides are detachably connected to the inner wall of the target hazardous chemicals container. The multiple V-shaped spikes have different directions, but the opening directions are the same, all pointing to the preset crushing and explosion relief positions of the target hazardous chemicals container.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the non-destructive transformation device comprises:

[0014] A non-uniform reinforcement device is detachably arranged on the outside of a target hazardous chemical container and is composed of a reinforcement material layer, wherein the reinforcement material layer meets the external adaptive explosion relief requirements, wherein the reinforcement material layer is arranged on the outer wall of the target hazardous chemical container at a non-preset crushing and explosion relief position.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the external adaptive explosion relief requirements include but are not limited to: external strength requirements, external light weight requirements and process characteristic requirements.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcement material layer is made of a steel plate or an aluminum alloy plate or a polyurea explosion-proof material.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, for low detonation velocity explosions including gas-liquid phase, in order to ensure the directional cutting effect, the inert energy focusing device and the non-uniform reinforcement device are used in coordination to perform non-destructive transformation; for storage tanks containing high detonation velocity condensed phase hazardous chemicals, only the inert energy focusing device can be used for non-destructive transformation.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the volume of the non-destructive transformation device does not exceed 5% of the target hazardous chemical container.

[0019] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a non-destructive modification method for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers, which is performed by a device as described in any one of the above items, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0020] An inert energy gathering device is detachably arranged inside the target hazardous chemical container, wherein the inert energy gathering device is composed of energy gathering components, and the material of the energy gathering components meets the internal adaptive explosion relief requirements.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises the following steps:

[0022] A non-uniform reinforcement device is detachably arranged on the outside of the target hazardous chemicals container, wherein the non-uniform reinforcement device is composed of a reinforcement material layer, the reinforcement material layer meets the external adaptive explosion relief requirements, and the reinforcement material layer is arranged on the outer wall of the target hazardous chemicals container at a non-preset crushing and explosion relief position.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises the following steps:

[0024] For low-detonation-velocity explosions including gas-liquid phase, in order to ensure the directional cutting effect, the inert energy focusing device and the non-uniform reinforcement device are used in coordination to perform non-destructive transformation;

[0025] For storage tanks containing high-explosion-velocity condensed-phase hazardous chemicals, non-destructive transformation can be carried out using only the inert energy-gathering device.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present invention, a storage medium is provided, which contains a series of instructions for executing the method steps as described in any one of the above.

[0027] The present invention provides a non-destructive modification device suitable for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers, which has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0028] (1) The present invention has high explosion relief efficiency. The explosion relief area is the main indicator for measuring the efficiency of explosion relief technology. The explosion relief area of ​​existing explosion relief technologies (bursting discs, pressure relief valves, etc.) is affected by their installation area. The internal inert energy gathering device and the non-uniform reinforcement device on the outer surface involved in the present invention can be flexibly deployed in various shapes, such as continuously deployed as a line around the container, or a cross shape, etc., for linear cutting of the shell, so that the explosion relief area is not limited by the installation area. In theory, it can be consistent with the surface area of ​​the container, which greatly improves the explosion relief efficiency.

[0029] (2) The present invention has little impact on the normal production of the target hazardous chemical container. Neither the inert energy-gathering device inside the target hazardous chemical container nor the non-uniform reinforcement device outside the container will have an adverse effect on the strength of the container shell. The triggering factor of the device is the dynamic pressure caused by the strong disturbance of the explosion wave. The stable static pressure during daily production is not enough to trigger the energy-gathering effect. At the same time, the non-destructive transformation device is small in size (usually accounting for no more than 5% of the volume of the container), so it will not have a significant adverse effect on the daily production of the target hazardous chemical container.

[0030] (3) The present invention is easy to install. Compared with existing explosion relief equipment, the modification process does not require complicated wall cutting-repair welding-sealing operations on the container, and the modification cost is low, the cycle is short, and the impact is small.

[0031] (4) The present invention has high reliability. The device itself does not contain an action, trigger or energy storage mechanism, and only uses the energy of the explosion accident itself to achieve explosion relief. The more violent the explosion, the better the explosion relief effect, and adaptive adjustment of the protection capability can be achieved. In addition, the non-destructive modification device has a simple structure. Compared with the existing spring-type explosion relief valve / plate, there is no risk of misoperation caused by external stimulation. It has high reliability and can be used for a long time.

[0032] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a non-destructive transformation device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an inertial energy gathering device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the location of a non-destructive transformation device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemicals containers according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0037] Figure 4 A flowchart of the steps of a non-destructive modification method for adaptive explosion venting of hazardous chemical containers according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0038] In the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used for the same components. In addition, the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual scale.

[0039] The meanings of the various reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are as follows: 1- inert energy focusing device; 2- non-uniform reinforcement device; 3- preset crushing and explosion relief position; 4- inner wall of the target hazardous chemicals container. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] The prior art (CN217355707U) provides a dust explosion-proof plate that is easy to disassemble and assemble, comprising a bottom shell and a top cover, the bottom of the bottom shell is provided with a fixing flange, and the lower part of the inner wall of the bottom shell is provided with a clamping piece, and the top of the inner wall of the bottom shell is provided with a fixing column; an inner shell is provided inside the bottom shell, and the inner shell is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom shell; an explosion-proof plate body is installed at the inner bottom of the inner shell, and a pressure relief groove is provided on the explosion-proof plate body; the top cover is provided at the top of the bottom shell, and a protective net is provided in the middle of the top cover; the utility model is provided with a bottom shell and a top cover, and the bottom shell, the inner shell and the top cover are all connected in a split-type structure, the flame-retardant net is fixed to the inside of the bottom shell by a fixing frame, and after the top cover and the bottom shell are connected to each other, the fixing frame is pressed against the inside of the top cover through the top end of the inner shell, and the internal explosion-proof plate body and the flame-retardant net can be replaced by removing the top cover, which has high convenience for disassembly and assembly.

[0042] However, the above-mentioned prior art uses a spring-cover plate structure as the main actuating element, and the internal high pressure lifts the cover plate to achieve explosion relief, which requires cutting and repair welding of the container, and the explosion relief area is limited by the installation area. At the same time, there are many movable components and the reliability is relatively low.

[0043] The prior art (CN217130316U) provides an integral heat-insulating bursting disc device, including embedded screw fasteners, a bracket, a gasket, a heat-insulating layer, a support ring, a sealing film, a strength film, and a sealing plate. A heat-insulating layer is provided on the upper layer of the non-sealing surface of the bracket to isolate the influence of high temperature on the sealing film and the strength film. The support ring is provided between the bracket and the strength film to increase the distance between the two and provide installation space for the heat-insulating layer. A gasket is provided on each layer, and a soft seal is used to improve the sealing level. This design of an integral heat-insulating bursting disc device expands the scope of use of the bursting disc device without affecting the discharge area and service life of the bursting disc, so that the use of the bursting disc is not limited by temperature and can be applied to ultra-high temperature conditions.

[0044] However, the above-mentioned prior art is essentially a surface grooved rupture disc. When in use, part of the wall of the container to be protected needs to be cut off and replaced. When an explosion occurs, the rupture disc ruptures along the groove to achieve explosion relief. The above-mentioned prior art has many disadvantages. First, the container needs to be cut and re-welded, which makes the renovation and construction difficult and has low acceptance among enterprises. Second, the grooves on the rupture disc reduce the overall strength of the container, affecting normal production. Third, the explosion relief area is limited by the installation area, which restricts the explosion relief effect.

[0045] The prior art (CN115031045A) provides a cross-shaped four-arched slotted bursting disc pressure relief device and a manufacturing method thereof, which relates to the field of safe overpressure relief technology. The device comprises: a first clamping ring, a four-arched cross-groove bursting disc, and a second clamping ring. The first clamping ring is close to the pressure relief side, and the second clamping ring is close to the pressure bearing side. The four-arched cross-groove bursting disc is provided with a cross weakening groove, and the cross weakening groove is provided with an arched structure in each of the four quadrants on the four-arched cross-groove bursting disc. The second clamping ring is provided with a cross structure, and the cross weakening groove is matched with and in contact with the cross structure. The second clamping ring is used to withstand the very large gas phase or liquid phase fatigue pressure existing on the pressure relief side of the bursting disc, the arched bursting disc structure is used to improve the fatigue resistance of the pressure bearing side, and the cross weakening groove structure is used to ensure that there is no fragmentation during the explosion, while meeting the lower explosion pressure requirements.

[0046] However, the above-mentioned prior art is essentially a surface grooved rupture disc. When in use, part of the wall of the container to be protected needs to be cut off and replaced. When an explosion occurs, the rupture disc ruptures along the groove to achieve explosion relief. The above-mentioned prior art has many disadvantages. First, the container needs to be cut and re-welded, which makes the renovation and construction difficult and has low acceptance among enterprises. Second, the grooves on the rupture disc reduce the overall strength of the container, affecting normal production. Third, the explosion relief area is limited by the installation area, which restricts the explosion relief effect.

[0047] The prior art (CN114909502A) provides a positive arch ring groove type bursting disc and its production equipment, which belongs to the field of bursting disc production technology, including a circular arch piece composed of a positive arch strength diaphragm, the periphery of the circular arch piece is integrally formed with a flat sealing edge, the concave surface of the circular arch piece is processed to form an unclosed weakening groove coaxial with it, the concave surface of the circular arch piece is used to contact the medium, and the convex surface is on the discharge side, and the unclosed weakening groove is an unclosed arc shape. The tool accuracy is easy to control, the tool is less affected by the thickness, different thicknesses can share a tool, the repair cost after the tool is damaged is low, and the manufacturing difficulty is low; there is no fragmentation or sparks during blasting, the structure is simple, it is suitable for occasions with high blasting pressure, the pressure fatigue resistance is good, and the blasting pressure can be released in a certain degree of directional manner, the use of the bursting disc is more controllable, avoiding secondary damage, and the use safety is higher.

[0048] However, the spring-type explosion relief valve / plate in the above-mentioned prior art has a small explosion relief area and is not suitable for rapid pressure relief when the container as a whole implodes. Existing explosion relief equipment such as bursting discs and bursting membranes have many problems.

[0049] In summary, existing hazardous chemical containers may break as a whole under implosion conditions, and the fragments may cause serious damage to surrounding facilities and equipment. Explosion relief technology is to reduce the intensity of the explosion reaction. However, the existing explosion relief technology has many problems:

[0050] (1) Integrally broken blasting discs and blasting membranes are mostly based on the idea of ​​notching and local thinning, which makes the local strength lower than the strength of other parts of the shell, ensuring that cracks are generated there first. This technology requires cutting and repairing welding of the container, which is difficult to reconstruct and has low acceptance among enterprises; the notches on the blasting discs reduce the overall strength of the container, affecting the high temperature and high pressure synthesis reaction in normal production; the explosion relief area is limited by the installation area, which restricts the explosion relief effect.

[0051] (2) The spring-cover type structure mainly relies on the internal high pressure to lift the cover plate to achieve explosion relief. This technology also requires cutting and welding of the container, and the explosion relief area is also limited by the installation area and response mechanism. The efficiency is even lower than the existing integral fragmentation type bursting disc. In addition, the spring-cover type structure has more movable components and relatively low reliability.

[0052] In order to solve the problems of the current prior art, the present invention considers non-destructive modification of the adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemicals containers, proposes a non-destructive modification device suitable for the adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemicals containers, and adopts an inert energy focusing device inside the target hazardous chemicals container + a non-uniform reinforcement device outside the target hazardous chemicals container to achieve controllable crushing and adaptive explosion relief of the target hazardous chemicals container.

[0053] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a non-destructive modification device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0054] A non-destructive modification device suitable for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers comprises: an inert energy gathering device 1, which is detachably arranged inside a target hazardous chemical container and is composed of energy gathering components, the material of which meets the requirements of internal adaptive explosion relief.

[0055] In one embodiment, the internal adaptive explosion relief requirements include but are not limited to: internal light weight requirements, inertness requirements, weather resistance requirements and internal strength requirements. Furthermore, the material of the energy gathering component is selected from polymer materials, inert resins or light alloys.

[0056] like Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment, the cross-section of the energy-gathering component is V-shaped, wherein the V-shaped slope is detachably connected to the inner wall 4 of the target hazardous chemicals container, and the V-shaped opening points to the preset crushing and explosion relief position 3 of the target hazardous chemicals container.

[0057] Specifically, if Figure 1 As shown, in the present invention, the V-shaped slope is detachably connected to the inner wall 4 of the target hazardous chemicals container, and there is no need to perform complicated wall cutting-repair welding-sealing operations on the target hazardous chemicals container. The modification cost is low, the cycle is short, and the impact is small; the inert energy gathering device 1 can be set at any position of the inner wall 4 of the target hazardous chemicals container according to needs, and has wide adaptability; the energy gathering component of the V-shaped slope can adapt to target hazardous chemicals containers of various shapes and structures; and, according to needs, the V-shaped opening is set to point to the preset crushing and explosion relief position 3 of the target hazardous chemicals container to achieve directional adaptive explosion relief.

[0058] Furthermore, the inert energy gathering device 1 is a series of energy gathering components with a V-shaped cross section, which are made of lightweight, inert, weather-resistant and moderately strong materials (such as polymer materials, inert resins, light alloys, etc.). In practice, according to the theory of detonation physics, the energy gathering component will be crushed step by step when the tip side is acted upon by the detonation wave, guiding the collision of the explosion wave fronts in the process, and realizing energy convergence at the V-shaped opening, ultimately greatly increasing the pressure at the position where the opening points, and realizing directional cutting of the material at that location. The more violent the explosion, the stronger the energy gathering effect.

[0059] In the present invention, the inert energy-gathering device 1 is deployed on the inner wall 4 of the target hazardous chemical container, and the hazardous chemicals stored in the target hazardous chemical container are used as the explosion source material, and the V-shaped opening points to the planned broken shell position (preset broken explosion relief position 3). When an explosion accident occurs, the explosion energy of the hazardous chemicals themselves is used to realize the controllable opening of the target hazardous chemical container shell - explosion relief.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the cross-section of the energy-gathering component is composed of multiple V-shaped components connected in parallel, and the outermost V-shaped slopes on both sides are detachably connected to the inner wall 4 of the target hazardous chemical container. The multiple V-shaped wedges have different directions, but the opening directions are the same, all pointing to the preset crushing and explosion relief position 3 of the target hazardous chemical container.

[0061] In practice, the energy focusing effect is best when the V-shaped wedge is perpendicular to the wave front. However, the propagation direction of the explosion wave is uncertain under accident conditions in the container. Figure 2 As shown, the present invention connects multiple V-shaped components with different wedge directions but the same opening direction in parallel to form a combination with a cross-section shaped like a petal, ensuring that the energy-focusing cutting effect can be exerted within a wider angle range.

[0062] like Figure 2The inertial energy gathering device 1 shown will not have an adverse effect on the shell strength, and the triggering factor of the inertial energy gathering device 1 is the dynamic pressure caused by the strong disturbance of the explosion wave. The stable static pressure in daily production is not enough to trigger the energy gathering effect.

[0063] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the non-destructive transformation device includes: a non-uniform reinforcement device 2. The non-uniform reinforcement device 2 is detachably arranged on the outside of the target hazardous chemical container, and is composed of a reinforcement material layer, which meets the requirements of external adaptive explosion relief, wherein the reinforcement material layer is arranged on the outer wall of the target hazardous chemical container at a non-preset crushing explosion relief position 3.

[0064] In one embodiment, the external adaptive explosion relief requirements include but are not limited to: external strength requirements, external light weight requirements and process characteristics requirements. Further, the reinforcement material layer is made of steel plate or aluminum alloy plate or polyurea explosion-proof material.

[0065] Specifically, the non-uniform reinforcement device 2 is mainly achieved by coating / welding reinforcement materials in different areas outside the target hazardous chemicals container. The non-uniform reinforcement device 2 is intended to create a relatively weak area by "adding" without reducing the strength of the target hazardous chemicals container itself. Usually, the relatively weak area coincides with the preset crushing and explosion relief position 3 pointed to by the V-shaped opening of the internal inert energy gathering device 1, so as to enhance the overall explosion relief effect, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 shown.

[0066] Furthermore, the reinforcing material is required to have sufficient strength, light weight and good process characteristics, and steel plates, aluminum alloy plates or polyurea explosion-proof materials may be selected.

[0067] In one embodiment, for low detonation velocity explosions including gas-liquid phase, in order to ensure the directional cutting effect, the inert energy focusing device 1 and the non-uniform reinforcement device 2 are used in coordination to perform non-destructive transformation; for storage tanks containing high detonation velocity condensed phase hazardous chemicals, only the inert energy focusing device 1 can be used for non-destructive transformation.

[0068] Specifically, the above two types of measures can be used in coordination or independently. For low detonation velocity explosions such as gas-liquid phase, in order to ensure the directional cutting effect, it is advisable to use the inert energy focusing device 1 and the non-uniform reinforcement device 2 in coordination for non-destructive transformation; for storage tanks containing high-detonation velocity condensed phase hazardous chemicals, due to their great explosion power, stable detonation wave propagation, and good energy focusing effect, considering the cost and reality, only the inert energy focusing device 1 can be used to achieve non-destructive transformation.

[0069] In one embodiment, the volume of the non-destructive modification device does not exceed 5% of the target hazardous chemical container. Specifically, the non-destructive modification device is relatively small in size (the volume usually does not exceed 5% of the container), and thus will not have a significant adverse effect on the daily production of the target hazardous chemical container. The non-destructive modification device provided by the present invention is simple to install. Compared with the existing explosion-proof equipment, the modification process does not require complex cutting and welding operations on the target hazardous chemical container, and the modification cost is low, the cycle is short, and the impact is small.

[0070] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the setting position of a non-destructive modification device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0071] In practical applications, the present invention provides a non-destructive modification device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemicals containers, which can be flexibly deployed in various shapes, for example, Figure 3 As shown, they are continuously deployed as a line to linearly cut the shell and expand the accident explosion relief area.

[0072] Compared with existing equipment such as bursting discs, the explosion relief capacity and explosion relief area of ​​the non-destructive transformation device provided by the present invention are not limited by the installation size of the device.

[0073] The non-destructive transformation device provided by the present invention does not contain any action, trigger or energy storage mechanism, and only uses the energy of the explosion accident itself to achieve explosion relief. The more violent the explosion, the better the explosion relief effect, and adaptive adjustment of the protection capability can be achieved.

[0074] The non-destructive transformation device provided by the present invention has a simple structure, does not have the risk of malfunction due to external stimulation compared with the existing spring-type explosion relief valve / plate, has high reliability, and can be used for a long time.

[0075] The present invention uses the inert energy-gathering device 1 to react with the explosive in the target hazardous chemical container as the explosion-relief power. The modification scale is small and the explosion-relief efficiency is high, which solves the defects of the existing explosion-relief modification technology such as great damage to the container itself and restricted explosion-relief area.

[0076] The present invention can unevenly coat the surface of a target hazardous chemical container with polyurea, thereby enhancing the explosion relief efficiency and improving the container's ability to withstand external impacts.

[0077] According to another aspect of the present invention, a lossless modification method for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers is provided, which is performed by a lossless modification device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers.

[0078] Figure 4 A flowchart of the steps of a non-destructive modification method for adaptive explosion venting of hazardous chemical containers according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0079] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S401, the storage tank containing high-explosion-velocity condensed-phase hazardous chemicals? Specifically, it is determined whether the contents stored in the target hazardous chemical container are high-explosion-velocity condensed-phase hazardous chemicals. If the determination result of step S401 is yes, the process proceeds to step S402. If the determination result of step S401 is no, the process proceeds to step S404.

[0080] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S402, only the inert energy-gathering device 1 is used for non-destructive transformation. Specifically, if in step S401, it is determined that the contents stored in the target hazardous chemical container are high-explosion-velocity condensed-phase hazardous chemicals, only the inert energy-gathering device 1 is used for non-destructive transformation. Because, for storage tanks containing high-explosion-velocity condensed-phase hazardous chemicals, due to their large explosion power, stable detonation wave propagation, and good energy-gathering effect, considering the cost and practicality, only the inert energy-gathering device 1 can be used to achieve non-destructive transformation.

[0081] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S403, an inert energy gathering device is detachably provided inside the target hazardous chemical container. Specifically, an inert energy gathering device 1 is detachably provided inside the target hazardous chemical container, wherein the inert energy gathering device 1 is composed of energy gathering components, and the material of the energy gathering components meets the requirements of internal adaptive explosion relief.

[0082] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S404, is the low detonation velocity explosion including gas-liquid phase? Specifically, if in step S401, it is determined that the contents stored in the target hazardous chemical container are not high detonation velocity condensed phase hazardous chemicals, then in step S404, it is further determined whether the contents stored in the target hazardous chemical container are low detonation velocity explosion hazardous chemicals including gas-liquid phase. If the determination result of step S404 is yes, then step S405 is entered.

[0083] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S405, the inert energy-gathering device 1 and the non-uniform reinforcement device 2 are used in coordination to perform non-destructive modification. Specifically, if in step S404, it is determined that the contents stored in the target hazardous chemical container are low-detonation-velocity explosive hazardous chemicals including gas-liquid phase, then in step S405, the inert energy-gathering device 1 and the non-uniform reinforcement device 2 are used in coordination to perform non-destructive modification. Because, for low-detonation-velocity explosions including gas-liquid phase, the inert energy-gathering device 1 and the non-uniform reinforcement device 2 are used in coordination to perform non-destructive modification, which can ensure the cutting directional effect.

[0084] When the inert energy focusing device 1 and the non-uniform reinforcement device 2 are used in coordination for non-destructive transformation, first enter step S403, and detachably set the inert energy focusing device 1 inside the target hazardous chemical container, and then enter step S406, and detachably set the non-uniform reinforcement device 2 outside the target hazardous chemical container.

[0085] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S406, a non-uniform reinforcement device is detachably provided on the outside of the target hazardous chemical container. Specifically, in step S406, a non-uniform reinforcement device 2 is detachably provided on the outside of the target hazardous chemical container, wherein the non-uniform reinforcement device 2 is composed of a reinforcement material layer, the reinforcement material layer meets the external adaptive explosion relief requirements, and the reinforcement material layer is provided on the outer wall of the target hazardous chemical container at the non-preset crushing explosion relief position 3.

[0086] The present invention does not have any movable components, but uses the energy of the explosion accident itself to concentrate and cut the target hazardous chemical container. The mechanism is significantly different from the prior art, the explosion relief area is not limited by the installation area, and there is no need to groove or thin the wall of the target hazardous chemical container. It is superior to the prior art in terms of explosion relief efficiency, reliability, and the degree of impact on daily production.

[0087] The non-destructive modification device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers provided by the present invention can also be used in conjunction with a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. The computer program is executed to run a non-destructive modification method for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers.

[0088] A computer program can run computer instructions, which include computer program code. The computer program code may be in source code form, object code form, executable file, or some intermediate form.

[0089] Computer-readable storage media may include: any entity or device that can carry computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc.

[0090] It should be noted that the content contained in computer-readable storage media can be appropriately increased or decreased based on the requirements of legislation and patent practices in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, based on legislation and patent practices, computer-readable storage media do not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunications signals.

[0091] The present invention is mainly used in the field of chemical industry, involving the safety of production, storage and transportation of hazardous chemicals, and can be applied to the explosion relief modification of reactors, towers and storage tanks with high explosion risks. After non-destructive modification, the relevant hazardous chemical containers can be quickly depressurized in the event of an internal explosion accident. On the one hand, the degree of restraint on the internal explosion accident is reduced and the intensity of the explosion reaction is suppressed. On the other hand, the controlled cracking of the vessel wall can effectively avoid the overall breakage of the container and the large-scale splashing of fragments, reducing the damage to surrounding facilities and equipment and the risk of chain explosion.

[0092] In one embodiment, the distillation tower is modified to be explosion-proof without loss by the following steps:

[0093] (1) Collect information and analyze load parameters. Collect tower geometry information (external dimensions, wall thickness, etc.), material information (material, mechanical properties, etc.), internal material information (material type, explosion velocity, explosion heat, etc.) and operating condition information, analyze possible accident situations, and determine the relevant parameters of the explosion wave in the tower during the accident through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Considering that most explosions in distillation towers are liquid-gas explosions with low explosion velocity, an inert energy focusing device 1 + non-uniform reinforcement device 2 is used to ensure the explosion relief effect.

[0094] (2) Design an inert energy gathering device 1. Determine the preset crushing and explosion relief position 3 according to the surrounding environment of the tower and the actual working conditions, and minimize the impact of the V-shaped wedge structure on the flow field and working efficiency in the tower. Determine the explosion wave load parameters at the preset crushing and explosion relief position 3 according to the calculation results in step (1), consider the tower wall thickness at this location, and design the internal inert energy gathering device 1 size, wedge angle, thickness parameters based on theory and simulation to form a suitable energy gathering effect.

[0095] (3) Design the tower external non-uniform reinforcement device 2. Considering the large size of the tower, the external spraying of polyurea explosion-proof material is adopted to achieve reinforcement. The spraying thickness is determined based on the previous test results and the efficiency of the inert energy concentrator 1.

[0096] (4) Construction inside the tower. According to the design plan, the V-shaped wedge structure is processed, the tower is emptied, the inner wall of the tower is cleaned, the V-shaped energy-gathering component is fixed at the selected preset crushing and explosion-relief position 3, and the gap between the component and the tower wall is sealed with inert sealing materials to ensure that materials do not enter the internal space of the V-shaped wedge during the production process.

[0097] (5) Construction outside the tower: Prepare the polyurea coating, spray the polyurea material on the outer wall according to the scheme determined in step (3), and apply a fire retardant coating on the surface of the polyurea material after spraying.

[0098] (6) Trial operation. After the construction is completed, the equipment will be stationary for 7 days, during which time the curing degree of the polyurea material and the sealing of the V-shaped structure will be checked. After the inspection, the equipment will be put into trial operation. If there is no abnormality, the equipment will be delivered.

[0099] In one embodiment, the solid hazardous chemicals storage tank is transformed into a non-destructive explosion venting system by the following steps:

[0100] (1) Collect information and analyze load parameters. Collect tank geometry information (external dimensions, wall thickness, etc.), material information (material, mechanical properties, etc.), internal material information (material type, detonation velocity, detonation heat, etc.) and operating condition information, analyze possible accident situations, and determine the relevant parameters of the explosion wave in the tower during the accident through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Considering that the tank is loaded with high-detonation-velocity condensed-phase hazardous chemicals, only the inert energy-gathering device 1 is used for explosion relief modification.

[0101] (2) Design the inertial energy concentrator 1. Determine the preset crushing explosion relief position 3 according to the tower surrounding environment and actual working conditions. Determine the explosion wave load parameters at the preset crushing explosion relief position 3 according to the calculation results in step (1), consider the tower wall thickness at this location, and design the size, wedge angle, thickness parameters of the internal inertial energy concentrator 1 based on theory and simulation to form a suitable energy concentrator effect.

[0102] (3) Construction inside the tank. According to the design plan, the V-shaped wedge structure is processed, the tower is emptied, the inner wall of the tank is cleaned, the V-shaped energy-gathering component is fixed at the selected preset crushing and explosion-releasing position 3, and the gap between the component and the tank wall is sealed with inert sealing materials to ensure that materials will not enter the internal space of the V-shaped wedge during storage and transportation.

[0103] (4) Trial operation. After the construction is completed, the equipment will be stationary for 7 days, during which the sealing of the V-shaped structure will be checked. After the inspection, the equipment will start trial operation. If there is no abnormality, the equipment will be delivered.

[0104] In summary, the present invention provides a non-destructive modification device for adaptive explosion venting of hazardous chemical containers, which has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0105] (1) The present invention has high explosion relief efficiency. The explosion relief area is the main indicator for measuring the efficiency of explosion relief technology. The explosion relief area of ​​existing explosion relief technologies (bursting discs, pressure relief valves, etc.) is affected by their installation area. The internal inert energy gathering device and the non-uniform reinforcement device on the outer surface involved in the present invention can be flexibly deployed in various shapes, such as continuously deployed as a line around the container, or a cross shape, etc., for linear cutting of the shell, so that the explosion relief area is not limited by the installation area. In theory, it can be consistent with the surface area of ​​the container, which greatly improves the explosion relief efficiency.

[0106] (2) The present invention has little impact on the normal production of target hazardous chemical containers. Neither the inert energy-gathering device inside the target hazardous chemical container nor the non-uniform reinforcement device outside the container will have an adverse effect on the strength of the container shell. The triggering factor of the device is the dynamic pressure caused by the strong disturbance of the explosion wave. The stable static pressure during daily production is not enough to trigger the energy-gathering effect. At the same time, the inert energy-gathering device is small in size (usually accounting for no more than 5% of the volume of the container), so it will not have a significant adverse effect on the daily production of the target hazardous chemical container.

[0107] (3) The present invention is easy to install. Compared with existing explosion relief equipment, the modification process does not require complicated wall cutting-repair welding-sealing operations on the container, and the modification cost is low, the cycle is short, and the impact is small.

[0108] (4) The present invention has high reliability. The device itself does not contain an action, trigger or energy storage mechanism, and only uses the energy of the explosion accident itself to achieve explosion relief. The more violent the explosion, the better the explosion relief effect, and adaptive adjustment of the protection capability can be achieved. In addition, the non-destructive modification device has a simple structure. Compared with the existing spring-type explosion relief valve / plate, there is no risk of misoperation caused by external stimulation. It has high reliability and can be used for a long time.

[0109] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the specific structures, processing steps or materials disclosed herein, but should be extended to equivalent substitutions of these features understood by ordinary technicians in the relevant field. It should also be understood that the terms used herein are only used for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not meant to be limiting.

[0110] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more than two; the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0111] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0112] Certain terms are used throughout this application document to indicate specific system components. As those skilled in the art will recognize, different names can usually be used to indicate the same components, so this application document is not intended to distinguish those components that are only different in name but not in function. In this application document, the terms "comprise", "include" and "have" are used in an open form, and therefore should be interpreted as meaning "including but not limited to...". In addition, the terms "substantially", "substantially" or "approximately" that may be used in this article relate to the tolerances of the corresponding terms accepted by the industry. The term "coupling" as may be used in this article includes direct coupling and indirect coupling via other components, elements, circuits, or modules, wherein for indirect coupling, the components, elements, circuits, or modules between them do not change the information of the signal but can adjust its current level, voltage level, and / or power level. Inferred coupling (for example, one of the elements is coupled to another element by inference) includes direct and indirect coupling between two elements in the same way as "coupling".

[0113] The "one embodiment" or "embodiment" mentioned in the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "one embodiment" or "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

[0114] The embodiments of the present invention are given for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

[0115] Although the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are as above, the contents described are only embodiments adopted for facilitating the understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician in the technical field to which the present invention belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in the present invention, but the patent protection scope of the present invention shall still be subject to the scope defined in the attached claims.

Claims

1. A non-destructive transformation device suitable for adaptive explosion venting of hazardous chemicals containers, characterized in that: The non-destructive transformation device comprises an inert energy-gathering device, which is detachably arranged inside the target hazardous chemical container and is composed of energy-gathering components. The material of the energy-gathering components meets the requirements of internal adaptive explosion relief.

2. A non-destructive transformation device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemicals containers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The internal adaptive explosion venting requirements include but are not limited to: internal light weight requirements, inertness requirements, weather resistance requirements and internal strength requirements.

3. A non-destructive transformation device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemicals containers as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The energy concentrating component is made of polymer material, inert resin or light alloy.

4. A non-destructive transformation device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemicals containers as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The cross-section of the energy-gathering component is V-shaped, wherein the V-shaped inclined surface is detachably connected to the inner wall of the target hazardous chemical container, and the V-shaped opening points to a preset crushing and explosion-releasing position of the target hazardous chemical container.

5. A non-destructive transformation device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemicals containers as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The cross-section of the energy-gathering component is composed of multiple V-shaped components connected in parallel. The outermost V-shaped slopes on both sides are detachably connected to the inner wall of the target hazardous chemical container. The multiple V-shaped wedges have different directions, but the opening directions are the same, all pointing to the preset crushing and explosion relief positions of the target hazardous chemical container.

6. A non-destructive transformation device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The non-destructive transformation device comprises: A non-uniform reinforcement device is detachably arranged on the outside of a target hazardous chemical container and is composed of a reinforcement material layer, wherein the reinforcement material layer meets the external adaptive explosion relief requirements, wherein the reinforcement material layer is arranged on the outer wall of the target hazardous chemical container at a non-preset crushing and explosion relief position.

7. A non-destructive modification device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemicals containers as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The external adaptive explosion venting requirements include but are not limited to: external strength requirements, external light weight requirements and process characteristic requirements.

8. A non-destructive transformation device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemicals containers as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that: The reinforcing material layer is made of steel plate or aluminum alloy plate or polyurea explosion-proof material.

9. A non-destructive transformation device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemical containers as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: For low-detonation-velocity explosions including gas-liquid phase, in order to ensure the directional cutting effect, the inert energy focusing device and the non-uniform reinforcement device are used in coordination to carry out non-destructive transformation; for storage tanks containing high-detonation-velocity condensed-phase hazardous chemicals, only the inert energy focusing device can be used for non-destructive transformation.

10. A non-destructive transformation device for adaptive explosion relief of hazardous chemicals containers according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: The volume of the non-destructive transformation device does not exceed 5% of the target hazardous chemical container.

11. A non-destructive modification method for adaptive explosion venting of hazardous chemicals containers, characterized in that: The method is performed by the device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the following steps: An inert energy gathering device is detachably arranged inside the target hazardous chemical container, wherein the inert energy gathering device is composed of energy gathering components, and the material of the energy gathering components meets the internal adaptive explosion relief requirements.

12. A non-destructive modification method for adaptive explosion venting of hazardous chemicals containers as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: A non-uniform reinforcement device is detachably arranged on the outside of the target hazardous chemicals container, wherein the non-uniform reinforcement device is composed of a reinforcement material layer, the reinforcement material layer meets the external adaptive explosion relief requirements, and the reinforcement material layer is arranged on the outer wall of the target hazardous chemicals container at a non-preset crushing and explosion relief position.

13. A non-destructive modification method for adaptive explosion venting of hazardous chemicals containers as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: For low-detonation-velocity explosions including gas-liquid phase, in order to ensure the directional cutting effect, the inert energy focusing device and the non-uniform reinforcement device are used in coordination to perform non-destructive transformation; For storage tanks containing high-explosion-velocity condensed-phase hazardous chemicals, non-destructive transformation can be carried out using only the inert energy-gathering device.

14. A storage medium, characterized in that: It contains a series of instructions for executing the method steps as claimed in any one of claims 11-13.

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