Stemming filling method for blocking blast hole and preparation method of stemming

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of blast hole plugging, and particularly discloses a stemming filling method for plugging a blast hole, which comprises the following steps: firstly cleaning disintegrating slag in the blast hole, then filling the bottom of the blast hole with stemming with the filling length of 2-5% of the depth of the blast hole, filling emulsion explosive into the blast hole after the bottom of the blast hole is filled, and filling water stemming into the blast hole after the explosive filling is completed, the stemming is divided into two sections to be filled, each section is tamped, when the depth of the blast hole is 0.6-1 m, the length of the stemming is 0.3-0.5 m, when the depth of the blast hole is 1-2.5 m, the length of the stemming is 0.5-1 m, when the depth of the blast hole is larger than 2.5 m, the length of the stemming is larger than 1 m, and after the blast hole is completely filled, the surface of the stemming is flattened through a spatula. The problems that in the stemming plugging process, the blasting effect is poor, so that the use amount of explosives is increased, and the unit consumption of the explosives is increased are solved. By arranging the base stemming and finely adjusting the stemming plugging length, waste of explosion energy can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blasthole plugging, and in particular to a blasthole plugging method and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an efficient and economical rock breaking method, blasting is widely used in various rock excavation, such as mine shaft engineering, tunnel engineering, etc. For mine shaft engineering, accurate blasting can quickly open up tunnels and improve mining efficiency. During the blasting process, the filling length of the cannon mud directly affects the effect and safety of the blasting. In actual operation, the plugging length of the cannon mud is adjusted according to the depth of the blasthole and the amount of explosives. Unreasonable blasting may also cause geological disasters such as rock bursts. The current plugging method is a simple plugging based on the experience of on-site staff.

[0003] In the current gun mud plugging process, due to the unreasonable plugging length of gun mud in the blast hole, the explosive energy of the explosive is dispersed and fails to be effectively concentrated in the predetermined rock crushing area, but escapes to unnecessary directions around, resulting in uneven rock crushing. Some areas fail to achieve the expected crushing effect. If the blasting is unsuccessful, another blasting is required, which increases the use of explosives and leads to an increase in the unit consumption of explosives. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for filling gunhole mud for plugging a blasthole and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problem that in the current gunhole mud plugging process, the unreasonable plugging length of the gunhole mud in the blasthole leads to poor blasting effect, thereby increasing the usage of explosives and causing an increase in the unit consumption of explosives.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the basic solution provided by the present invention is: a method for filling blastholes with blasthole mud, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Cleaning the blasthole: First, clean the debris in the blasthole;

[0007] S2, filling base: fill the taphole with taphole mud to the bottom of the blasthole, and the filling length is 2-5% of the blasthole depth;

[0008] S3, charging: after filling the bottom of the blasthole, load the emulsion explosive into the blasthole until the emulsion explosive touches the blasthole mud at the bottom of the blasthole;

[0009] S4, loading water cannon mud: after the charging is completed, the water cannon mud is loaded into the blast hole until the water cannon mud and the emulsion explosive are at the same level;

[0010] S5. Blocking the blasthole: Fill the blasthole mud in two sections and compact each section. When the blasthole depth is 0.6-1m, the length of the blasthole mud is 0.3-0.5m; when the blasthole depth is 1-2.5m, the length of the blasthole mud is 0.5-1m; when the blasthole depth is greater than 2.5m, the length of the blasthole mud is greater than 1m;

[0011] S6. When the blast hole is completely filled, use a spatula to smooth the surface of the blast hole mud.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by setting the base gun mud and precisely adjusting the gun mud sealing length, the release direction of the explosion energy can be effectively controlled, and it can be concentrated in the predetermined rock crushing area to avoid the energy from escaping to unnecessary directions around; setting the accurate gun mud sealing length and filling method can minimize the waste of explosion energy, improve energy utilization efficiency, avoid repeated use of explosives, further save the amount of explosives, and reduce costs.

[0013] Option 2 is the preferred basic option. In S5, the filling speed of the taphole mud is 10-15m / min. By setting a reasonable filling speed, the high efficiency of the construction can be ensured and uneven distribution of the taphole mud caused by too fast or too slow filling can be avoided.

[0014] Option three is the preferred basic option. The density of the cannon mud in the blast hole is 80-90%. By controlling the density of the cannon mud in the blast hole, the leakage of the explosion energy can be blocked, the blasting effect can be improved, and the reliability of the plugging can be enhanced.

[0015] Solution 4 includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: First, pour the polyurethane into a mixer and stir it, and add 5-10% water. The stirring speed of the mixer is 800-1200rpm. By controlling the stirring speed, the polyurethane and water can be fully mixed, laying a good foundation for the subsequent steps.

[0017] Step 2: Pour the catalyst, flame retardant and activator into the mixer in sequence, and add 20-35% of water to form cannon mud. The stirring speed of the mixer is 800-1200rpm; Technical effect of step 2: Add the catalyst, flame retardant and activator in sequence, the catalyst accelerates the curing reaction of polyurethane and improves the strength of cannon mud. The flame retardant improves the flame retardant properties of cannon mud and reduces the risk of fire during blasting. The activator improves the interface bonding strength between the components of the cannon mud, making the overall performance of the cannon mud more excellent.

[0018] Step 3: Check the viscosity of the taphole mud. The viscosity of the taphole mud is 300-1500Pa·s. By controlling the viscosity, it is ensured that the taphole mud can be smoothly filled into the taphole and maintain a certain shape in the taphole without easily flowing out or deforming.

[0019] Option 5 is the preferred option of Option 4. In step 2, the stirring time is 6-10 minutes. By controlling the stirring time, each component can be fully exerted and the performance of the cannon mud can reach the best state.

[0020] Option six is ​​the preferred option of option four. In step three, the proportion of each component in the cannon clay is: polyurethane, 30-50%, catalyst, 0.5-2%, flame retardant, 2-5%, active agent, 0.1-1%; through reasonable proportion of components, the cannon clay can achieve a balance in strength, flame retardancy, interface bonding strength, etc., and jointly improve the overall performance of the cannon clay.

[0021] Option seven is the preferred option of Option six. The catalyst in the cannon mud is stannous octoate, the flame retardant is epoxy resin, and the activator is diatomaceous earth. The catalyst in the cannon mud is set to stannous octoate to accelerate the curing of polyurethane and increase the strength formation speed of the cannon mud. The flame retardant is set to epoxy resin, which can effectively reduce the fire risk during the blasting process. The activator is set to diatomaceous earth to improve the interface bonding between the components of the cannon mud. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments:

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A method for filling blastholes with blasthole mud comprises the following steps:

[0025] S1. Cleaning the blasthole: First, clean the debris in the blasthole;

[0026] S2, filling base: fill the taphole with taphole mud to the bottom of the taphole, and the filling length is 3% of the taphole depth;

[0027] S3, charging: after filling the bottom of the blasthole, load the emulsion explosive into the blasthole until the emulsion explosive touches the blasthole mud at the bottom of the blasthole;

[0028] S4, loading water cannon mud: after the charging is completed, the water cannon mud is loaded into the blast hole until the water cannon mud and the emulsion explosive are at the same level;

[0029] S5. Blocking the blasthole: Fill the blasthole mud in two sections and compact each section. The filling speed of the blasthole mud is 12m / min. The density of the blasthole mud in the blasthole is 85%. When the depth of the blasthole is 0.6m, the length of the blasthole mud is 0.3m. When the depth of the blasthole is 1m, the length of the blasthole mud is 0.5m. When the depth of the blasthole is greater than 2.5m, the length of the blasthole mud is greater than 1m.

[0030] S6. When the blast hole is completely filled, use a spatula to smooth the surface of the blast hole mud.

[0031] By using the above parameters, it can be obtained that the explosive consumption is 3.2kg / m 3 Reduced to 2.8kg / m 3 The explosive cost saved for each cubic meter of rock blasting is 120 yuan / m 3 Due to the proper control of the sealing length and density of the cannon mud, the explosion energy can act on the rock more concentratedly, the proportion of small and medium-sized rocks increases, while the proportion of large-sized rocks decreases, and the noise intensity is reduced by 10%.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A method for preparing taphole mud for plugging a blasthole comprises the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: First, pour the polyurethane into a mixer and stir it, and then add 8% water. The stirring speed of the mixer is 800 rpm.

[0035] Step 2: Pour the catalyst, flame retardant and activator into the mixer in sequence, and add 34% water to form taphole mud. The stirring speed of the mixer is 1200 rpm and the stirring time is 10 min.

[0036] Step 3. Check the viscosity of the cannon clay. The viscosity of the cannon clay is 900 Pa·s. The proportion of each component in the cannon clay is: polyurethane, 50%, catalyst, 2%, flame retardant, 5%, activator, 1%. The catalyst is stannous octoate, the flame retardant is epoxy resin, and the activator is diatomaceous earth.

[0037] By precisely controlling the performance of cannon mud, such as mixing polyurethane with catalysts, flame retardants, activators, etc. in proportion as in Plan 4, and controlling the stirring speed and water addition ratio, cannon mud with good density and viscosity can be prepared. This can be tightly filled in the blast hole, effectively reducing the leakage of explosion energy, and reducing the amount of explosives used, thereby further reducing the unit consumption of explosives.

[0038] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for filling blastholes with taphole mud, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Cleaning the blasthole: First, clean the debris in the blasthole; S2, filling base: fill the taphole with taphole mud to the bottom of the blasthole, and the filling length is 2-5% of the blasthole depth; S3, charging: after filling the bottom of the blasthole, load the emulsion explosive into the blasthole until the emulsion explosive touches the blasthole mud at the bottom of the blasthole; S4, loading water cannon mud: after the charging is completed, the water cannon mud is loaded into the blast hole until the water cannon mud and the emulsion explosive are at the same level; S5. Blocking the blasthole: Fill the blasthole mud in two sections and compact each section. When the blasthole depth is 0.6-1m, the length of the blasthole mud is 0.3-0.5m; when the blasthole depth is 1-2.5m, the length of the blasthole mud is 0.5-1m; when the blasthole depth is greater than 2.5m, the length of the blasthole mud is greater than 1m; S6. When the blast hole is completely filled, use a spatula to smooth the surface of the blast hole mud.

2. A method for filling blastholes with taphole mud according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the filling speed of taphole mud is 10-15m / min.

3. A method for filling blastholes with taphole mud according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density of taphole mud in the blasthole is 80-90%.

4. A method for preparing taphole mud for plugging a blasthole, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: First, pour the polyurethane into a mixer and stir it, and then add 5-10% water. The stirring speed of the mixer is 800-1200 rpm. Step 2: Pour the catalyst, flame retardant and activator into the mixer in sequence, and add 20-35% water to form taphole mud. The stirring speed of the mixer is 800-1200rpm. Step 3: Check the viscosity of the taphole clay. The viscosity of the taphole clay is 300-1500 Pa·s.

5. A method for preparing taphole mud for plugging a blasthole according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 2, the stirring time is 6-10 minutes.

6. A method for preparing taphole mud for plugging a blasthole according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step three, the proportion of each component in the cannon mud is: polyurethane, 30-50%, catalyst, 0.5-2%, flame retardant, 2-5%, active agent, 0.1-1%.

7. A method for preparing taphole mud for plugging a blasthole according to claim 6, characterized in that: The catalyst in the cannon mud is stannous octoate, the flame retardant is epoxy resin, and the activator is diatomaceous earth.