Gravity type multifunctional in-situ testing device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering testing, in particular to a gravity type multifunctional in-situ testing device and a gravity type multifunctional in-situ testing method, and the testing device consists of three parts, namely a penetration system, a shearing system and a power system. The penetration system comprises a spindle-shaped full-flow penetration probe and a motion sensor. The shearing system comprises two arc-shaped shearing plates, a power shaft and a torque sensor. The power system comprises a moving empennage, a motor, a storage battery and an information collector. The device is hoisted to a test point to be thrown, so that the device freely falls and can penetrate into a soft soil layer, motion parameters of the device in the process of penetrating into the soft soil are tested and recorded, and the characteristics of the soil layer are obtained; and the arc-shaped shear plate is opened and rotated, so that the undrained shear strength of the soft soil layer is obtained. The test platform is convenient to arrange and high in test efficiency and accuracy. Excessive manpower is not needed, and the automation degree is high. Therefore, the technical problems that a test platform of an existing in-situ test device is difficult to arrange and low in automation degree can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering testing, and in particular to a self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device and method. Background Art

[0002] As an important carrier of water pollutants, the primary task of surveying in large-scale water environment management is to find out the distribution range and thickness of the sediment and obtain its mechanical indicators. The sediment of rivers and lakes is generally distributed over a wide area, and the survey workload is large and the construction period is tight. In addition, the inherent characteristics of the sediment (such as high sensitivity and plasticity) make it difficult for traditional drilling methods to meet the requirements of economical and efficient surveys.

[0003] Although traditional in-situ testing equipment can quickly and continuously test in-situ rock and soil bodies that basically maintain their natural state, the test platform is difficult to arrange and relies heavily on manual labor, with a low degree of automation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device and method, which can solve the technical problems of difficult arrangement of the testing platform and low degree of automation of the existing in-situ testing devices.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention designs a self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device, which includes a power system, a shearing system, and a penetration system which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the soil penetration direction.

[0006] The power system includes a moving tail wing, a connecting rod, and a motor, wherein the interior of the connecting rod is a hollow structure, the motor is arranged on the inner wall of the connecting rod, and the moving tail wing is arranged on the top of the connecting rod;

[0007] The shearing system comprises a shearing plate and a power shaft, wherein the power shaft is arranged inside the connecting rod along the length direction of the connecting rod, the top of the power shaft is connected to the output end of the motor, the shearing plate is movably arranged outside the connecting rod along the length direction of the connecting rod, and both ends of the shearing plate are connected to the power shaft through a transverse connecting rod;

[0008] The penetration system comprises a sounding probe, which is arranged at the bottom of the connecting rod.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the shear plate is composed of two arc-shaped plates, both ends of the two arc-shaped plates are respectively hinged to the ends of the transverse connecting rods, and the middle parts of the two transverse connecting rods are rigidly connected to the power shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the two arc-shaped plates are joined together to form a closed cylinder, and the length of the two arc-shaped plates after unfolding is the effective shear diameter of the tested soil.

[0011] Furthermore, the contact probe comprises a body and two probes, the two probes are respectively arranged at two ends of the body, and the probe heads of the probes point to the outside of the body.

[0012] Furthermore, the probe is a cone, and the cone tip angle is an obtuse angle.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the power system further includes an information collector, which is disposed inside the body.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the shearing system further comprises a torque sensor electrically connected to the information collector, wherein the torque sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the connecting rod and is located above the shearing plate.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the penetration system further comprises a motion sensor electrically connected to the information collector, and the motion sensor is arranged inside the body.

[0016] The present invention also designs a self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing method, which comprises the following steps:

[0017] The carrying equipment transports the self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device to the testing point, the testing device is lifted to a certain height, and penetrates into the tested soil through a falling free fall motion; when the testing device falls, the moving tail adjusts its direction according to the resistance, so that the penetration probe keeps falling vertically;

[0018] The probe of the penetration probe is subjected to a certain resistance when penetrating into the soil, and the motion sensor records the acceleration and movement and transmits them to the information collector;

[0019] The motor generates power to open the two arc-shaped shear plates and provides torque to make them rotate. After several rotations, the soft soil has been completely disturbed and its resistance will gradually decrease to a constant value. The torque sensor records the maximum torque value and the end torque value and transmits them to the information collector.

[0020] The data collected by the information collector are exported and analyzed to obtain the classification, undrained shear strength and sensitivity of the soil.

[0021] As a preferred solution, the calculation method of the undrained shear strength is as follows:

[0022] When the shear system rotates, under the action of soil resistance, the two arc shear plates open and cut the soil. The shear range is cylindrical. The effective shear diameter of the cylinder is D = 8d / 3, and the shear side is the side of the cylinder. The moment M1 when the two arc shear plates are opened is:

[0023] M1=C u πDH×0.5D

[0024] The moment M2 on the end face of the cylinder is:

[0025]

[0026] The moment M when the tested soil fails is:

[0027]

[0028] The undrained shear strength C of the tested soil is obtained. u for:

[0029]

[0030] Where d is the diameter of the shear system, D is the effective shear diameter of the cylinder, H is the height of the cylinder, M1 is the moment of failure after the shear plate is opened, M2 is the moment of the end face of the cylinder, M is the moment of failure of the tested soil, and C u is the undrained shear strength of the tested soil.

[0031] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0032] The self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device involved in the present invention is a new type of portable in-situ testing equipment, which has the advantages of easy operation and flexible testing methods. When testing the self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device, the testing device usually first performs a free fall motion and penetrates into the soft sediments at a certain speed under the water. By testing the motion parameters such as acceleration during the falling penetration process, it can be used for the analysis of the engineering geological characteristics of the sediments. Through the shear test, the geotechnical engineering characteristics of the soft sediments under the water, such as undrained shear strength and sensitivity, can be further evaluated. Compared with traditional penetrometers and shear meters, the self-falling in-situ testing device does not require the aid of an external loading device, and the measurement is more convenient, which can reduce the survey cost and improve the survey efficiency. In the classification of soft sediment types and the determination of sediment mechanical indicators. The test platform is easy to arrange, and the test efficiency and accuracy are high.

[0033] The test method involved in the present invention is to hoist the device to the test point and throw it to make it fall freely, so that it can penetrate into the soft soil layer, test and record its motion parameters in the process of penetrating into the soft soil, and obtain the soil layer characteristics; by opening the arc shear plate and rotating it, the undrained shear strength of the soft soil layer is obtained. The test process is simple, does not require too much reliance on manual labor, and has a high degree of automation.

[0034] Therefore, the present invention can solve the technical problems of difficult arrangement of the test platform and low automation level of the existing in-situ test device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a plan view of the testing device of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the top view of the power shaft and the shear plate.

[0037] Figure 3 Opens the process diagram for the clipboard.

[0038] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of cylindrical soil cutting.

[0039] Description of reference numerals:

[0040] Power system: sports tail 1, connecting rod 2, motor 3, information collector 4;

[0041] Shearing system: shear plate 5, power shaft 6, torque sensor 7, transverse connecting rod 10;

[0042] Penetration system: sounding probe 8 (body 81, probe 82), motion sensor 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for the convenience of description, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, not all.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Among them, the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] The present invention provides a self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device and method, which belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering and is a device for judging the characteristics of soft soil and measuring the mechanical indicators of soft soil. As a new type of portable in-situ testing equipment, it has the advantages of simple operation and flexible testing methods. When testing the self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device, the testing device usually first performs a free fall motion and penetrates into the soft sediments at a certain speed under the water. By testing the motion parameters such as acceleration during the falling penetration process, it can be used for the analysis of the engineering geological characteristics of the sediments. Through the shear test, the geotechnical engineering characteristics of the soft sediments under the water, such as undrained shear strength and sensitivity, can be further evaluated. Compared with traditional penetrometers and shear meters, the self-falling in-situ testing device does not require the aid of an external loading device, and the measurement is more convenient, which can reduce the survey cost and improve the survey efficiency. The device is suitable for the classification of soft sediment types and the determination of sediment mechanical indicators.

[0047] The invention relates to a self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device, which comprises a power system, a shearing system and a penetration system which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along a soil penetration direction.

[0048] The power system includes a sports tail wing 1, a connecting rod 2, a motor 3, and an information collector 4. The interior of the connecting rod 2 is a hollow structure, the motor 3 is arranged on the inner wall of the connecting rod 2, and the sports tail wing 1 is arranged on the top of the connecting rod 2; the information collector 4 is arranged inside the main body 81.

[0049] The shearing system includes a shear plate 5, a power shaft 6, and a torque sensor 7 electrically connected to the information collector 4. The power shaft 6 is arranged inside the connecting rod 2 along the length direction of the connecting rod 2, and the top of the power shaft 6 is connected to the output end of the motor 3. The shear plate 5 is movably arranged outside the connecting rod 2 along the length direction of the connecting rod 2, and the two ends of the shear plate 5 are connected to the power shaft 6 through a transverse connecting rod 10; the shear plate 5 is composed of two arc plates, and the two ends of the two arc plates are respectively hinged to the ends of the transverse connecting rod 10, and the middle parts of the two transverse connecting rods 10 are rigidly connected to the power shaft 6. The two arc plates are combined and spliced ​​into a closed cylinder, and the length of the two arc plates after unfolding is the effective shear diameter of the tested soil. The torque sensor 7 is arranged on the inner wall of the connecting rod 2, and the torque sensor 7 is located above the shear plate 5.

[0050] The penetration system includes a sounding probe 8 and a motion sensor 9 electrically connected to the information collector 4. The sounding probe 8 is arranged at the bottom of the connecting rod 2. The sounding probe 8 includes a body 81 and two probes 82, which are respectively arranged at the two ends of the body 81, and the probes of the probes 82 point to the outside of the body 81. The probe 82 is a cone with an obtuse cone tip angle. The motion sensor 9 is arranged inside the body 81.

[0051] The present invention also relates to a self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing method, comprising the following steps:

[0052] The carrying equipment transports the self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device to the testing point, and the testing device is lifted to a certain height and penetrates into the tested soil through a free-falling motion; when the testing device falls, the moving tail 1 adjusts its direction according to the resistance, so that the penetration probe 8 keeps falling vertically;

[0053] The probe 82 of the penetration probe 8 is subjected to a certain resistance when penetrating into the soil, and the motion sensor 9 records the acceleration and the motion, and transmits them to the information collector 4;

[0054] The motor 3 generates power to open the two arc-shaped shear plates 5 and provides torque to make them rotate; after several rotations, the soft soil has been completely disturbed, and its resistance will gradually decrease to a constant value. The torque sensor 7 records the maximum torque value and the end torque value, and transmits them to the information collector 4;

[0055] The data collected by the information collector 4 is exported and analyzed to obtain the classification, undrained shear strength and sensitivity of the soil.

[0056] The calculation method of the undrained shear strength is as follows:

[0057] When the shear system rotates, under the action of soil resistance, the two arc shear plates 5 open and cut the soil. The shear range is cylindrical. The effective shear diameter of the cylinder is D=8d / 3, and the shear side is the side of the cylinder. The moment M1 when the two arc shear plates 5 are broken after opening is:

[0058] M1=C u πDH×0.5D

[0059] The moment M2 on the end face of the cylinder is:

[0060]

[0061] The moment M when the tested soil fails is:

[0062]

[0063] The undrained shear strength C of the tested soil is obtained. u for:

[0064]

[0065] Where d is the diameter of the shear system, D is the effective shear diameter of the cylinder, H is the height of the cylinder, M1 is the moment of failure after the shear plate is opened, M2 is the moment of the end face of the cylinder, M is the moment of failure of the tested soil, and C uis the undrained shear strength of the tested soil.

[0066] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention relates to a self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device, which consists of three parts: a penetration system, a shear system, and a power system. The penetration system includes a spindle-shaped full-flow sounding probe and a motion sensor. The shear system includes two arc-shaped shear plates, a power shaft, and a torque sensor. The power system includes a motion tail, a motor, a battery, and an information collector. The testing device is hoisted to the test point and thrown to make it fall freely. It can penetrate into the soft soil layer, test and record its motion parameters during the penetration into the soft soil, and obtain the characteristics of the soil layer; by opening the arc-shaped shear plate and making it rotate, the undrained shear strength of the soft soil layer can be obtained.

[0068] The power system includes a motion tail, a motor, a battery and an information collector. When throwing the self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device, the motion tail can adjust the motion trajectory to ensure that it falls vertically after throwing; the motor provides shear power, and the battery provides continuous power for the motor, motion sensor, torque sensor and information collector.

[0069] The moving tail of the power system is composed of four iron plates distributed in a cross shape at the end of the probe. The size, material and shape of the iron plates can be selected according to the test needs and the weight of the test equipment. The recommended size is 10 to 20 cm. Each iron plate is triangular in shape and made of stainless steel. The motor and battery are selected according to the test conditions.

[0070] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown in the figure, the shear system includes two arc shear plates, a power shaft, and a torque sensor. At the beginning of the shear test, under the action of the shear medium resistance, the arc shear plates open outward, and the power shaft drives the two arc shear plates to rotate clockwise. The arc shear plates rotate to obtain resistance from the shear soil, which is transmitted to the information collector through the torque sensor.

[0071] The two arc shear plates of the shear system are two semicircular arc plates, which can be spliced ​​into a closed cylinder with a length of 10 cm. After unfolding, the effective shear diameter D of the equivalent cylinder is 5 cm, and the shear length is twice the effective shear diameter of the cylinder; the middle of the shear plate is the power shaft, which can be adjusted according to the size of the equipment, and the recommended diameter is not more than 1 cm; the upper part of the arc shear plate is a torque sensor, which can monitor torque and other data in real time and transmit it to the information collector.

[0072] The penetration system includes a full-flow spindle-shaped sounding probe and a motion sensor. The full-flow spindle-shaped sounding probe is a conical double-headed probe, the middle of the probe is a cylinder, and the middle of the cylinder is equipped with a motion sensor. The motion sensor transmits the test signal to the information collector through a wire.

[0073] The two ends of the penetration system's sounding probe are conical, with a cone tip angle of 100° and a cone bottom disk diameter of 3.75cm; the middle of the two cones is a cylindrical body with a height of 3.125cm. In the middle is a motion sensor, which can collect information such as motion acceleration and transmit it to the information collector through wires.

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, when the shear system rotates clockwise, under the action of soil resistance, the shear ring opens and cuts the soil. Since there is a baffle in the middle of the internal cylinder, the shear range is cylindrical. The effective shear diameter of the cylinder is D = 8d / 3, and the shear side is still the side of the cylinder. After the shear plate opens, the moment M1 at failure is:

[0075] M1=C u πDH×0.5D

[0076] Since there is a baffle in the middle of the inner cylinder, the moment M2 on the end face of the cylinder is:

[0077]

[0078] The moment M when the tested soil fails is:

[0079]

[0080] Therefore, the undrained shear strength C of the tested soil can be obtained. u for:

[0081]

[0082] Where d is the diameter of the shear system, D is the effective shear diameter of the cylinder, H is the height of the cylinder, M1 is the moment of failure after the shear plate is opened, M2 is the moment of the end face of the cylinder, M is the moment of failure of the tested soil, and C u is the undrained shear strength of the tested soil.

[0083] Testing process:

[0084] The device is transported to the test point by a transport device (such as a drone or a ship), the device is lifted to a certain height, and penetrates into the tested soil (including underwater soil) by free fall;

[0085] When the test device falls, the moving tail wing will adjust its direction according to the resistance, so that the probe can keep falling vertically. When the probe of the probe penetrates the soil, it will be subject to a certain resistance. The motion sensor records the acceleration value and motion status, and transmits it to the information collector.

[0086] The motor generates power to open the two arc-shaped shear plates, and provides torque through the power shaft to make them rotate clockwise. After several rotations, the soft soil has been completely disturbed, and its resistance will gradually decrease to a constant value. The torque sensor will record the maximum torque value and the end torque value, and transmit them to the information collector;

[0087] By exporting and analyzing the data collected by the information collector, the engineering geological characteristics, undrained shear strength and sensitivity of the soil can be obtained.

[0088] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device, characterized in that: It includes a power system, a shear system, and a penetration system which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the soil penetration direction. The power system comprises a moving tail wing (1), a connecting rod (2), and a motor (3); the interior of the connecting rod (2) is a hollow structure, the motor (3) is arranged on the inner wall of the connecting rod (2), and the moving tail wing (1) is arranged on the top of the connecting rod (2); The shearing system comprises a shearing plate (5), a power shaft (6), and a transverse connecting rod (10); the power shaft (6) is arranged inside the connecting rod (2) along the length direction of the connecting rod (2); the top of the power shaft (6) is connected to the output end of the motor (3); the shearing plate (5) is movably arranged outside the connecting rod (2) along the length direction of the connecting rod (2); and both ends of the shearing plate (5) are connected to the power shaft (6) via the transverse connecting rod (10); The penetration system comprises a sounding probe (8), which is arranged at the bottom of the connecting rod (2).

2. A self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shear plate (5) is composed of two arc-shaped plates, the two ends of the two arc-shaped shear plates (5) are respectively hinged to the ends of the transverse connecting rods (10), and the middle parts of the two transverse connecting rods (10) are rigidly connected to the power shaft (6).

3. A self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two arc plates are put together to form a closed cylinder, and the length of the two arc plates after unfolding is the effective shear diameter of the tested soil.

4. The self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact probe (8) comprises a body (81) and two probes (82), wherein the two probes (82) are respectively arranged at two ends of the body (81), and the probe heads of the probes (82) point to the outside of the body (81).

5. The self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The probe (82) is a cone, and the cone tip angle is an obtuse angle.

6. A self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power system further comprises an information collector (4), wherein the information collector (4) is arranged inside the body (81).

7. A self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shearing system further comprises a torque sensor (7) electrically connected to the information collector (4); the torque sensor (7) is arranged on the inner wall of the connecting rod (2); the torque sensor (7) is located above the shearing plate (5).

8. The self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The penetration system further comprises a motion sensor (9) electrically connected to the information collector (4), wherein the motion sensor (9) is arranged inside the body (81).

9. A self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing method, characterized in that: The following steps are included: The carrying equipment transports the self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing device according to any one of claims 2 to 8 to the testing point, and the testing device is lifted to a certain height and penetrates into the tested soil body by free-falling motion; when the testing device falls, the moving tail wing (1) adjusts its direction according to the magnitude of its resistance, so that the sounding probe (8) keeps falling vertically; When the probe (82) of the penetration probe (8) penetrates the soil, it is subjected to a certain resistance, and the motion sensor (9) records the acceleration and the motion status, and transmits them to the information collector (4); The motor (3) generates power to open the two arc-shaped shear plates (5) and provides torque to rotate them. After several rotations, the soft soil has been completely disturbed and its resistance will gradually decrease to a constant value. The torque sensor (7) records the maximum torque value and the end torque value and transmits them to the information collector (4). The data collected by the information collector (4) is exported and analyzed to obtain the classification, undrained shear strength and sensitivity of the soil.

10. A self-falling multifunctional in-situ testing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The calculation method of the undrained shear strength is as follows: When the shear system rotates, under the action of soil resistance, the two arc shear plates (5) open to cut the soil. The shear range is cylindrical. The effective shear diameter of the cylinder is D=8d / 3. The shear side is the side of the cylinder. The moment M1 of failure after the two arc shear plates (5) open is: M1=C u πDH×0.5D The moment M2 on the end face of the cylinder is: The moment M when the tested soil fails is: The undrained shear strength C of the tested soil is obtained. u for: Where d is the diameter of the shear system, D is the effective shear diameter of the cylinder, H is the height of the cylinder, M1 is the moment of failure after the shear plate is opened, M2 is the moment of the end face of the cylinder, M is the moment of failure of the tested soil, and C u is the undrained shear strength of the tested soil.

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