Electrochromic device and method for adjusting transmittance of electrochromic device

Abstract

The invention provides an electrochromic device and a method for adjusting the transmittance of the electrochromic device. The electrochromism device comprises a first electrode layer, an electrochromism layer and a second electrode layer which are sequentially stacked, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are used for loading loading voltage capable of adjusting the transmittance of the electrochromism layer to the electrochromism layer. The electrochromic device further comprises an adjusting part arranged on the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer, and the adjusting part is used for measuring the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer and adjusting the loading voltage according to the relation between the measured real-time transmittance and the preset target transmittance. According to the electrochromic device, the transmittance of the electrochromic layer can be measured at low cost, and the transmittance of the electrochromic layer can be adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrochromic technology, and in particular to an electrochromic device and a method for adjusting the transmittance thereof. Background Art

[0002] Electrochromism is a phenomenon in which the optical properties of a material (reflectivity, transmittance, absorptivity, etc.) undergo stable and reversible color changes under the action of an external electric field. In appearance, it manifests as a reversible change in color and transparency. Materials with electrochromic properties are called electrochromic materials, and devices made of electrochromic materials are called electrochromic devices.

[0003] The electrochromic layer is the core layer of the electrochromic device and also the layer where the color change reaction occurs. Electrochromic materials can be divided into inorganic electrochromic materials and organic electrochromic materials according to their types. New energy vehicles have attracted much attention as a new economic growth point, and the battery life problem has become the main factor restricting the design of the interior space. Mechanical opening sunroofs or mechanical panoramic sunroofs are difficult to be widely used in new energy vehicles. In order to further enhance the sense of technology, dimming skylights came into being. There are three major technical paths for color-changing skylights on the market: EC, PDLC, and SPD. Among them, PDLC and SPD belong to physical dimming; EC belongs to chemical dimming. EC technology is also called electrochromic technology. The principle is that ions pass through the electrolyte layer, enter the electrochromic layer, and react chemically with the substances in the electrochromic layer, so the color of the glass will change.

[0004] However, in the related art, when adjusting the electrochromic skylight, it is troublesome to detect the transmittance of the electrochromic device. At present, detection mechanisms are generally added on both sides of the electrochromic device to detect the transmittance of the electrochromic device. The detection process is costly and difficult to promote. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and proposes an electrochromic device and a method for adjusting its transmittance, which can not only measure the transmittance of the electrochromic layer in the electrochromic device at a low cost, but also adjust the transmittance of the electrochromic layer of the electrochromic device.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electrochromic device, comprising a first electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer being used to load a loading voltage to the electrochromic layer that can adjust the transmittance of the electrochromic layer; the electrochromic device also includes an adjustment component arranged on the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer, the adjustment component being used to measure the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer, and being used to adjust the loading voltage according to the relationship between the measured real-time transmittance and a preset target transmittance.

[0007] In some embodiments, the adjustment component includes a guide wire, a PIN diode located above the guide wire, and a control unit connected to the PIN diode; the PIN diode is used to receive light passing through the electrochromic layer, and to output a photocurrent value affected by the light; the control unit is used to obtain the photocurrent value of the PIN diode, and to obtain the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer based on the photocurrent value of the PIN diode and a predetermined relationship between the photocurrent value and the transmittance of the electrochromic layer.

[0008] In some embodiments, the electrochromic device further includes a substrate, a first electrode layer is formed on the substrate; and a portion of the guide wire that overlaps with the first electrode layer in an orthographic projection on the substrate is configured as a rectangular figure with a gap.

[0009] In some embodiments, an orthographic projection of the PIN diode on the substrate is located within a rectangular pattern.

[0010] In some embodiments, an orthographic projection of the PIN diode on the substrate is located outside the rectangular pattern.

[0011] In some embodiments, the regulating component includes a plurality of PIN diodes.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for adjusting the transmittance of an electrochromic device, which is applied to the above-mentioned electrochromic device, and the method includes: providing a light source to the electrochromic device on one side of the electrochromic device, and the adjustment component is located downstream of the light of the electrochromic layer; loading a loading voltage in a predetermined direction to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer so that the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer gradually decreases; when the real-time transmittance reaches the target transmittance, continuing to load the loading voltage for a certain period of time.

[0013] In some embodiments, the adjustment component includes multiple PIN diodes, and the adjustment component is used to take an average value after measuring multiple photocurrent values ​​of the multiple PIN diodes, and obtain the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer based on the average value and a predetermined relationship between the photocurrent value and the transmittance of the electrochromic layer.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for adjusting the transmittance of an electrochromic device, which is applied to the above-mentioned electrochromic device, and the method includes: providing a light source to the electrochromic device on one side of the electrochromic device, and the adjustment component is located downstream of the light of the electrochromic layer; loading a loading voltage opposite to a predetermined direction to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer so that the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer gradually decreases; when the real-time transmittance reaches the target transmittance, continuing to load the loading voltage for a certain period of time.

[0015] In some embodiments, the adjustment component includes multiple PIN diodes, and the adjustment component is used to take an average value after measuring multiple photocurrent values ​​of the multiple PIN diodes, and obtain the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer based on the average value and a predetermined relationship between the photocurrent value and the transmittance of the electrochromic layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 1 is a top view of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 is a top view of an electrochromic device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 3 is a curve showing the change of the photocurrent of the PIN diode of the adjustment component of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment of the present invention as the LED switches.

[0021] Figure 5 is a corresponding change curve between the photocurrent of the PIN diode and the optical power of the light source in the embodiment of the present invention. And

[0022] Figure 6 It is a test result of testing the transmittance of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Description of main component symbols:

[0024] 1. Substrate; 2. Current guide wire; 3. PIN diode; 4. First electrode layer; 5. Electrochromic layer; 6. Electrolyte layer; 7. Ion storage layer; 8. Second electrode layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The shapes and sizes of the components in the drawings do not reflect the actual proportions, and are only intended to facilitate understanding of the contents of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present disclosure should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, similar words such as "one", "one" or "the" do not indicate quantity restrictions, but indicate that there is at least one. Similar words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Similar words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0028] The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but include modifications of the configurations formed based on the manufacturing process. Therefore, the regions illustrated in the drawings have schematic properties, and the shapes of the regions shown in the drawings illustrate the specific shapes of the regions of the elements, but are not intended to be limiting.

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 The electrochromic device includes a first electrode layer 4, an electrochromic layer 5, a second electrode layer 8 and an adjustment component.

[0030] The first electrode layer 4, the first electrode layer 4 and the second electrode layer 8 are stacked in sequence.

[0031] The first electrode layer 4 and the second electrode layer 8 are used to apply a voltage to the electrochromic layer 5 that can adjust the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5. The transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 is changed by applying a voltage to the electrochromic layer 5 through the first electrode layer 4 and the second electrode layer 8 on both sides of the electrochromic layer 5.

[0032] The adjusting component is arranged on the first electrode layer 4 or the second electrode layer 8, so that the adjusting component is integrated into the electrochromic device, which can reduce the cost compared with the related art. The adjusting component is used to measure the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5, and to adjust the loading voltage according to the relationship between the measured real-time transmittance and the preset target transmittance.

[0033] In some embodiments, the first electrode may be made of indium tin oxide (ITO), C nanotubes, graphene, metal grids, Ag nanowires, etc. Optionally, the first electrode preferably uses magnetron sputtering to deposit 500nm of ITO and perform patterning as needed.

[0034] In some embodiments, the second electrode may be made of indium tin oxide (ITO), C nanotubes, graphene, metal grids, Ag nanowires, etc. Optionally, the first electrode preferably uses magnetron sputtering to deposit 500nm of ITO and perform patterning as needed.

[0035] In some embodiments, the electrochromic layer 5 may be made of organic or inorganic electrochromic materials. Inorganic electrochromic materials such as WO3, etc. Organic electrochromic materials such as viologen, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, etc. can be selected according to actual conditions and are not specifically limited here.

[0036] It should be noted that in the related art, after the electrochromic device is colored, a certain loading voltage needs to be added to maintain the highest coloring state. If the voltage is loaded for a long time, it will lead to energy waste and shorten the device life. This embodiment can measure the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5, can detect the transmittance of the electrochromic device in real time, and can adjust the loading electrode. In practical applications, the transmittance corresponding to the highest coloring state of the electrochromic layer 5 can be set as the target transmittance, so that after the transmittance of the electrochromic device reaches the target transmittance, only the loading voltage is applied for a predetermined time, so that energy can be saved.

[0037] It can be understood that the first electrode layer 4 and the second electrode layer 8 are used to apply a loading voltage that can adjust the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 to the electrochromic layer 5, so that the electrochromic layer 5 can be switched between the two states of coloring and fading. For example, when a forward loading voltage is applied, the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 decreases, the electrochromic layer 5 is colored, and then the electrochromic device is colored; when a reverse loading voltage is applied, the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 increases, the electrochromic layer 5 is faded, and then the electrochromic device is faded.

[0038] Specifically, in some embodiments, the PIN lower electrode is connected to a voltage of -7V; the first electrode (the PIN upper electrode, which is shared by the first electrode) is grounded, that is, the first electrode is connected to a voltage of 0V; the second electrode is given a forward voltage, for example, 1-5V, depending on the material of the electrochromic layer 5. As time goes by, the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 (i.e., the electrochromic device) decreases.

[0039] In other embodiments, the PIN lower electrode is connected to a voltage of -7 V; the first electrode (PIN upper electrode) is grounded, that is, the first electrode is connected to a voltage of 0 V; the second electrode is given a reverse voltage, such as -1 to -3 V, depending on the material of the electrochromic layer 5. As time goes by, the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 (i.e., the electrochromic device) gradually increases.

[0040] In this embodiment, the adjusting component is used to measure and adjust the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 , and the adjusting component is integrated with the electrochromic device to reduce the cost.

[0041] Specifically, in some embodiments, the PIN lower electrode is connected to a voltage of -7V; the first electrode is grounded, that is, the first electrode is connected to a voltage of 0V; the second electrode is given a voltage according to different color-changing materials, for example, 1-5V. As time goes by, the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 (i.e., the electrochromic device) decreases. A white light LED is placed above the second electrode (on the side away from the first electrode) in a constant light mode. As the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 decreases, the photocurrent of the PIN diode 3 decreases. According to the corresponding relationship between the photocurrent and the transmittance, the loading voltage is adjusted until the desired target transmittance is reached.

[0042] In other embodiments, the PIN lower electrode is connected to a voltage of -7V; the first electrode (PIN upper electrode) is grounded, that is, the first electrode is connected to a voltage of 0V; the second electrode is given a reverse voltage, such as -1 to -3V, depending on the material of the electrochromic layer 5. As time goes by, the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 (i.e., the electrochromic device) gradually increases. A white light LED is placed above the second electrode (on the side away from the first electrode) in a constant light mode. As the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 increases, the photocurrent of the PIN diode 3 increases. According to the corresponding relationship between the photocurrent and the transmittance, the loading voltage is adjusted until the desired target transmittance is reached.

[0043] See also Figure 1 The regulating component includes a guide wire 2, a PIN diode 3 and a control unit. The PIN diode 3 is located above the guide wire 2. The control unit is connected to the PIN diode 3.

[0044] The PIN diode 3 is used to receive the light passing through the electrochromic layer 5 and to output a photocurrent value affected by the light.

[0045] The control unit is used to obtain the photocurrent value of the PIN diode 3 , and to obtain the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 according to the photocurrent value of the PIN diode 3 and a predetermined relationship between the photocurrent value and the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 .

[0046] It should be noted that the guide wire 2 can be deposited by magnetron sputtering or other methods. The material of the metal can be Cu, Mo, Cr, Ag, Au, Pt, etc. The thickness of the guide wire 2 can be 300nm, and it can be patterned as needed.

[0047] In some embodiments, the PIN diode 3 can be deposited as an a-Si PIN photodiode by a method such as plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). It is understandable that the electrochromic layer 5 can be patterned according to the size, such as 20um*20um, and the area except the PIN area is completely etched away.

[0048] In this embodiment, the guide wire 2 can be used as the lower electrode of the PIN.

[0049] The electrochromic device further comprises a substrate 1. A first electrode layer 4 is formed on the substrate 1. In some embodiments, the adjustment component is disposed on the first electrode layer 4.

[0050] The portion of the guide wire 2 that overlaps with the first electrode layer 4 in the orthographic projection on the substrate 1 is set to be a rectangular figure with a gap.

[0051] Optionally, the substrate 1 may be a rigid substrate 1, and the material of the rigid substrate 1 may be one or more of the following: glass, mica, or sapphire, etc. It is understandable that the substrate 1 may also be a flexible substrate 1, and the material of the flexible substrate 1 may be one or more of the following: ultra-thin glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), or polyimide (PI), etc.

[0052] It should be noted that the above rectangular figure is an effective color change area.

[0053] In some embodiments, Figure 2 is a top view of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ,

[0054] The orthographic projection of the PIN diode 3 on the substrate 1 is located within the rectangular figure, which blocks the effective color-changing area to a certain extent.

[0055] In other embodiments, Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a top view of an electrochromic device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 The positive projection of the PIN diode 3 on the substrate 1 is located outside the rectangular figure and does not block the effective color-changing area, which can further optimize the visual effect and there is no other visible obstruction within the field of view.

[0056] In some embodiments, the adjustment component includes a plurality of PIN diodes 3, and the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 is detected at multiple points using the plurality of PIN diodes 3, thereby improving accuracy and reducing the increase in cost.

[0057] In some embodiments, the electrochromic device may include a first electrode layer 4 , an electrochromic layer 5 , an electrolyte layer 6 , an ion storage layer 7 , and a second electrode layer 8 which are sequentially stacked.

[0058] It should be noted that the electrolyte layer 6 can be an aqueous electrolyte, such as LiClO4 or PC. The electrolyte layer 6 can also be a quasi-solid electrolyte, such as LiClO4, or PC+PMMA, etc. The electrolyte layer 6 can also be a fully solid electrolyte, such as LiPON, or LiSiPON, or LLZO, or LLTO, or LLZTO, etc. For the preparation of the electrolyte layer 6, magnetron sputtering, or sol-gel method, or blade coating, or screen printing, or slit coating, or other preparation methods can be used to prepare the electrolyte.

[0059] It should be noted that the ion storage layer 7 may be made of an anode color-changing material, such as NiO, IrO2, MnO2, Co3O4, etc.

[0060] In some embodiments, the electrochromic device may further include an encapsulation layer, which is used to encapsulate the first electrode layer 4, the electrochromic layer 5, the electrolyte layer 6, the ion storage layer 7 and the second electrode layer 8. It should be noted that the encapsulation layer can generally be composed of a layer or a stack of layers such as LiPON, PDMS, SiN, SiON, or SiO.

[0061] This embodiment also tests the transmittance of the electrochromic device of the above embodiment. The test results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown. It should be noted that the structure of the electrochromic device in the test process is ITO / WO3 / LiPON / NiO / ITO. The transmittance spectrum under coloring and fading conditions is 15% in the coloring state and 64% in the fading state at a wavelength of 550nm, which can achieve stable light regulation within its transmittance range, that is, the electrochromic device of this embodiment achieves the technical effect of stably adjusting its transmittance.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] The method for adjusting the transmittance of an electrochromic device is applied to the electrochromic device of the above embodiment. The method for adjusting the transmittance of an electrochromic device includes steps S101 to S103.

[0064] Step S101: Provide a light source to the electrochromic device at one side of the electrochromic device, and the adjustment component is located downstream of the light of the electrochromic layer 5. In some embodiments, the light source can be an LED. The curve of the PIN current changing with the LED switch, such as Figure 4 See Figure 4 When the LED is turned on, the PIN photocurrent reaches its maximum value, and when the LED is turned off, the PIN current is the dark state current.

[0065] Step S102: applying a voltage in a predetermined direction to the first electrode layer 4 and the second electrode layer 8, so that the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 is gradually reduced.

[0066] Step S103: When the real-time transmittance reaches the target transmittance, continue to load the voltage for a certain period of time to increase the service life of the electrochromic device.

[0067] In some embodiments, the certain time in step S103 may be 3s to 5s, for example, 4s.

[0068] See also Figure 5 , the corresponding relationship between the photocurrent of the PIN diode 3 and the optical power of the light source.

[0069] The LED is in a normally-on state. As the voltage is applied to the electrochromic layer 5 for an increasing time, the transmittance of the electrochromic device gradually decreases, and the photocurrent of the PIN diode 3 also gradually decreases. When the photocurrent of the PIN diode 3 drops to a certain threshold, the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 and the photocurrent of the PIN diode 3 have a consistent corresponding relationship, and finally the voltage is stopped. When the electrochromic device is about to color to the maximum coloring state, the photocurrent change of the PIN diode 3 slowly decreases, and then the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 reaches the target transmittance. Extending the pressure for a period of time, for example, extending the pressure for 3 seconds or 4 seconds, can avoid device degradation caused by excessive pressure.

[0070] In some embodiments, the adjustment component includes multiple PIN diodes 3, and the adjustment component is used to take an average value after measuring multiple photocurrent values ​​of the multiple PIN diodes 3, and obtain the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 based on the average value and a predetermined relationship between the photocurrent value and the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5.

[0071] It should be noted that multiple PIN diodes 3 can be set at multiple locations and averaged to improve the accuracy of the measured value, and can also avoid the problem of over-pressurization caused by damage to a single PIN diode 3 or uneven regional discoloration.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] The method for adjusting the transmittance of an electrochromic device is applied to the electrochromic device of the above embodiment. The method for adjusting the transmittance of an electrochromic device includes steps S201 to S203.

[0074] Step S201 : providing a light source to the electrochromic device at one side of the electrochromic device, and the adjustment component is located downstream of the electrochromic layer 5 .

[0075] Step S201: applying a voltage opposite to a predetermined direction to the first electrode layer 4 and the second electrode layer 8, so that the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 is gradually reduced.

[0076] Step S201: When the real-time transmittance reaches the target transmittance, continue to load the loading voltage for a certain period of time.

[0077] The LED is in a normally-on state. As the voltage loading time of the electrochromic layer 5 increases, the transmittance of the electrochromic device gradually increases, and the photocurrent of the PIN diode 3 also gradually increases. When the photocurrent of the PIN diode 3 increases to a certain threshold, the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 and the photocurrent of the PIN diode 3 have a consistent corresponding relationship, and finally stop loading the voltage. When the electrochromic device is almost colored to the maximum fading state, the photocurrent change of the PIN diode 3 slowly increases, and then the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 reaches the target transmittance. Extending the pressurization for a period of time, for example, extending the pressurization for 3 seconds or 4 seconds, can avoid excessive ion escape and improve the cycle performance. During the operation of the electrochromic device in the intermediate state, the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 changes slightly. At this time, the electrochromic layer 5 can be supplemented with pressurization every 0.5h or more to stabilize it below a fixed transmittance value.

[0078] In some embodiments, the adjustment component includes multiple PIN diodes 3, and the adjustment component is used to take an average value after measuring multiple photocurrent values ​​of the multiple PIN diodes 3, and obtain the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5 based on the average value and a predetermined relationship between the photocurrent value and the transmittance of the electrochromic layer 5.

[0079] It should be noted that multiple PIN diodes 3 can be set at multiple locations and averaged to improve the accuracy of the measured value, and can also avoid the problem of over-pressurization caused by damage to a single PIN diode 3 or uneven regional discoloration.

[0080] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrochromic device, characterized in that: It comprises a first electrode layer, an electrochromic layer and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence, wherein the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are used to apply a loading voltage to the electrochromic layer that can adjust the transmittance of the electrochromic layer; The electrochromic device also includes an adjustment component arranged on the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer, and the adjustment component is used to measure the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer and to adjust the loading voltage according to the relationship between the measured real-time transmittance and a preset target transmittance.

2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulating component includes a guide wire, a PIN diode located above the guide wire, and a control unit connected to the PIN diode; The PIN diode is used to receive light passing through the electrochromic layer and to output a photocurrent value affected by the light; The control unit is used to obtain the photocurrent value of the PIN diode, and to obtain the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer according to the photocurrent value of the PIN diode and a predetermined relationship between the photocurrent value and the transmittance of the electrochromic layer.

3. The electrochromic device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electrochromic device further comprises a substrate, and the first electrode layer is formed on the substrate; The portion of the guide line that overlaps with the first electrode layer in the orthographic projection on the substrate is configured as a rectangular shape with a gap.

4. The electrochromic device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the PIN diode on the substrate is located within the rectangular figure.

5. The electrochromic device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the PIN diode on the substrate is located outside the rectangular figure.

6. The electrochromic device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The regulating component includes a plurality of the PIN diodes.

7. A method for adjusting the transmittance of an electrochromic device, characterized in that: Applied to the electrochromic device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising: providing a light source to the electrochromic device at one side of the electrochromic device, the adjustment component being located downstream of the light of the electrochromic layer; Applying the applied voltage in a predetermined direction to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer so that the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer gradually decreases; When the real-time transmittance reaches the target transmittance, the loading voltage continues to be loaded for a certain period of time.

8. The method for adjusting the transmittance of an electrochromic device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjusting component includes a plurality of PIN diodes, and is used to take an average value after measuring a plurality of photocurrent values ​​of the plurality of PIN diodes, and obtain the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer according to the average value and a predetermined relationship between the photocurrent value and the transmittance of the electrochromic layer.

9. A method for adjusting the transmittance of an electrochromic device, characterized in that: Applied to the electrochromic device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising: providing a light source to the electrochromic device at one side of the electrochromic device, the adjustment component being located downstream of the light of the electrochromic layer; Applying the applied voltage in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, so that the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer gradually decreases; When the real-time transmittance reaches the target transmittance, the loading voltage continues to be loaded for a certain period of time.

10. The method for adjusting the transmittance of an electrochromic device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The adjusting component includes a plurality of PIN diodes, and is used to take an average value after measuring a plurality of photocurrent values ​​of the plurality of PIN diodes, and obtain the real-time transmittance of the electrochromic layer according to the average value and a predetermined relationship between the photocurrent value and the transmittance of the electrochromic layer.

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